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B1 adjective 8分钟阅读

бурный

Characterized by strong, turbulent movement.

At the A1 level, you don't need to use 'бурный' often, but you might see it in simple stories about nature. Think of it as a special word for 'very strong' or 'wild.' For example, 'бурное море' is a very wavy, stormy sea. It's like the word 'stormy' in English. You can remember it by connecting it to the word 'буря' (burya), which means 'storm.' At this stage, just recognize that it means something is moving fast and with a lot of energy, usually water or wind. Don't worry about the complex grammar yet; just focus on the basic masculine form 'бурный' and its meaning of 'wild' or 'stormy.'
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At the A2 level, you can start using 'бурный' to describe things like applause or reactions. If you see a movie and everyone claps a lot, you can say 'бурные аплодисменты.' This is a very common phrase. You should also know the feminine and neuter forms: 'бурная' and 'бурное.' For example, 'бурная река' (a fast, stormy river). You are moving beyond just weather and starting to use the word for social situations. It's a great way to show you know more than just the word 'сильный' (strong). When you want to say something was very intense and loud, 'бурный' is your friend.
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At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'бурный' in various contexts, including metaphorical ones. You can use it to describe 'бурный рост' (rapid growth) in business or 'бурная дискуссия' (a heated discussion) in a meeting. This is the level where you start to see 'бурный' in news articles and literature. You should be able to decline it correctly in all cases. For example, 'после бурного обсуждения' (after a stormy/heated discussion). You should also understand that 'бурный' implies a certain level of chaos or lack of control, which distinguishes it from words like 'быстрый' (fast) or 'организованный' (organized).
At the B2 level, 'бурный' becomes a tool for expressive writing and speaking. You can use it to describe historical eras, like 'бурный двадцатый век' (the turbulent 20th century). You should understand the nuance between 'бурный' and its synonyms like 'стремительный' (swift). You might use it to describe someone's personality or lifestyle, such as 'бурная молодость' (a wild/eventful youth). At this stage, you should be aware of the word's frequent use in journalism and academic writing to describe rapid changes in society or technology. You should also be able to use it in more complex grammatical structures without hesitation.
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At the C1 level, you should have a nuanced command of 'бурный.' You can use it to create specific imagery in your speech, perhaps using it ironically or in highly formal settings. You will encounter it in classical literature where it might describe a character's 'бурный темперамент' (tempestuous temperament). You should also be familiar with fixed expressions and idioms that use the word. At this level, you are expected to understand the subtle emotional coloring the word adds to a sentence—how it evokes a sense of both power and instability. You can use it to describe abstract concepts like 'бурный поток сознания' (a turbulent stream of consciousness).
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At the C2 level, 'бурный' is a word you use with total precision and stylistic flair. You can appreciate its etymological roots and how they influence modern usage. You might use it in literary analysis to discuss the 'бурный романтизм' (stormy romanticism) of a particular author. You understand the historical weight of the word in political rhetoric and can use it to evoke specific cultural memories (like the 'stormy applause' of the Soviet era). Your usage is indistinguishable from a native speaker, as you know exactly when 'бурный' is the most evocative choice among a sea of synonyms, and you can play with its connotations in sophisticated wordplay or high-level debate.
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例句 笔记与提示

бурный 30秒了解

  • Core meaning: Stormy, turbulent, and intensely active.
  • Commonly used for weather (rivers, seas) and social reactions (applause, growth).
  • Derived from 'буря' (storm), implying high energy and noise.
  • Essential for describing rapid changes or passionate emotional states.

The Russian adjective бурный is a powerhouse of a word, rooted deeply in the natural world but blossoming into a wide array of metaphorical meanings. At its most literal level, it describes physical movement that is violent, rapid, and turbulent—think of a mountain river crashing over rocks or a storm-tossed sea. However, as you progress in Russian, you will find that бурный is more often used to describe human emotions, social changes, and historical periods that share that same sense of uncontrollable energy and rapid pace.

Literal Turbulence
Used to describe water, wind, or weather. A 'бурный поток' is a rushing torrent, while 'бурное море' refers to a sea during a heavy storm. It implies danger and raw power.
Emotional Intensity
When applied to feelings, it suggests they are overwhelming and visible. 'Бурный восторг' is not just being happy; it is being ecstatic to the point of potentially shouting or jumping. Similarly, 'бурная реакция' suggests a very strong, perhaps even loud or aggressive, response to news.
Social and Historical Contexts
This word is the go-to adjective for describing 'turbulent times.' In Russian history, the 1990s are often called 'бурные девяностые' because of the rapid social, economic, and political upheavals that occurred during that decade.

После выступления артиста в зале раздались бурные аплодисменты, которые не смолкали несколько минут.

Translation: After the artist's performance, stormy applause broke out in the hall, which did not subside for several minutes.

Understanding the nuance of бурный requires recognizing that it almost always implies a lack of 'quiet' or 'stillness.' If something is бурный, it is active, loud, and impactful. It is the opposite of 'спокойный' (calm). Whether you are talking about a 'бурная река' (stormy river) or a 'бурная личная жизнь' (a tempestuous personal life), the core concept is a high degree of intensity and movement that is difficult to ignore or contain.

Их бурный роман закончился так же внезапно, как и начался.

Translation: Their stormy romance ended as suddenly as it had begun.

In summary, use бурный when you want to emphasize that something is not just happening, but happening with great force, speed, or emotional weight. It is a word of high energy, often used in literature to set a dramatic tone or in journalism to describe rapid economic growth or intense public debate.

Using бурный correctly involves understanding its declension as a standard hard-stem adjective and knowing which nouns it typically modifies. Because it is an adjective, it must agree in gender, number, and case with the noun it describes. Below are the patterns you will most frequently encounter in both speech and writing.

With Natural Phenomena
When describing nature, бурный emphasizes the wildness. 'Бурный океан' (stormy ocean) or 'бурная метель' (violent blizzard). Note that for 'wind' (ветер), Russians often use 'сильный' or 'порывистый', but 'бурный' can be used in poetic contexts to suggest a storm-like quality.
With Abstract Nouns (Development & Growth)
In business and economics, this word is very common. 'Бурный рост' (rapid/explosive growth) is a standard colocation. 'Бурное развитие технологий' (the rapid development of technologies) describes a pace that is almost hard to keep up with.

В последние годы мы наблюдаем бурный рост интереса к искусственному интеллекту.

Translation: In recent years, we have been observing a rapid growth of interest in artificial intelligence.

When describing human interactions, бурный often implies noise or conflict. A 'бурная дискуссия' (heated discussion) is one where people are speaking loudly, interrupting, and showing passion. A 'бурная ссора' (violent/stormy quarrel) suggests slamming doors and high emotions. If you say someone had a 'бурная ночь' (a wild night), it could mean they were partying hard or had a very passionate encounter.

Её бурная фантазия всегда помогала ей писать интересные сказки.

Translation: Her vivid (stormy/wild) imagination always helped her write interesting fairy tales.

Finally, consider the case endings. If you are using it in the prepositional case to describe a period of time: 'В это бурное время' (In this turbulent time). Or in the instrumental case to describe how something was received: 'С бурным восторгом' (With wild delight). Mastering these variations will make your Russian sound much more natural and sophisticated.

The word бурный is ubiquitous across various registers of Russian, from classical literature to modern news broadcasts. Understanding where you are likely to encounter it will help you grasp its different 'flavors' of meaning.

In News and Media
You will hear this word constantly in economic and political reporting. Phrases like 'бурный рост акций' (explosive stock growth) or 'бурная реакция мировой общественности' (the stormy reaction of the global community) are standard. It conveys a sense of urgency and significant impact.
In Literature and Poetry
Russian classics are full of 'бурный.' Pushkin and Lermontov used it to describe the Caucasus mountains, the Black Sea, and the internal 'storms' of their characters' souls. In this context, it often has a romantic, slightly dangerous connotation.

«Река бурная, берега крутые...» — часто встречается в русских народных песнях.

Translation: "The river is stormy, the banks are steep..." — often found in Russian folk songs.

In everyday conversation, Russians use бурный to add emphasis to their stories. If a friend tells you about a 'бурная вечеринка' (wild party), they are implying it was loud, perhaps a bit chaotic, and definitely memorable. If they describe a 'бурный спор' with their boss, they mean it wasn't just a disagreement, but a full-blown argument with raised voices.

У этого города была очень бурная история, полная войн и восстаний.

Translation: This city had a very turbulent history, full of wars and uprisings.

Essentially, бурный is the word for when 'normal' or 'moderate' just doesn't cut it. It’s the adjective of extremes, making it a favorite for storytellers and journalists alike.

While бурный is a versatile word, English speakers often trip up by using it where a different 'fast' or 'strong' adjective would be more appropriate. Here are the most common pitfalls to avoid.

Confusing with 'быстрый' (Fast)
A common mistake is saying 'бурная машина' for a fast car. This is incorrect. 'Быстрый' refers to speed, while 'бурный' refers to turbulence and intensity. A car cannot be 'бурный' unless it's literally exploding or shaking violently in a storm. Use 'быстрый' for speed and 'бурный' for chaotic energy.
Overusing it for 'Strong' (сильный)
While 'бурный' implies strength, it's not a direct synonym for 'сильный.' You wouldn't say 'бурный человек' to mean a physically strong person. You would say 'сильный человек.' 'Бурный' describes the *manner* of action or a state of being, not physical muscle power.

❌ Неправильно: Он бурный бегун.
✅ Правильно: Он быстрый бегун.

Explanation: 'Бурный' implies a storm-like quality, not the literal speed of a runner.

Another mistake involves the word 'ветер' (wind). While 'бурный' can describe a storm, the most natural way to say 'strong wind' is 'сильный ветер.' Using 'бурный ветер' sounds very poetic or archaic, and might sound slightly 'off' in a regular weather report unless you are specifically describing a hurricane-force gale that is causing chaos.

Finally, be careful with 'бурный' vs 'громкий' (loud). 'Бурные аплодисменты' are indeed loud, but they are also 'stormy'—meaning they are intense and collective. You wouldn't call a single person's shout 'бурный'; it would simply be 'громкий'. Бурный usually describes a process or a collective state rather than a single point of sound.

To truly master the Russian language, you need to know when to use бурный and when to reach for one of its cousins. The Russian language is rich with adjectives that describe intensity, and picking the right one shows a high level of fluency.

Стремительный (Stremitel'nyy)
This word also means 'rapid' or 'swift,' but it focuses more on the *direction* and *uninterrupted speed* of movement. While 'бурный' implies chaos and turbulence, 'стремительный' implies a focused, fast forward motion. A 'стремительная карьера' (swift career) sounds very positive and successful, whereas a 'бурная карьера' might imply a lot of scandals and job changes.
Неистовый (Neistovyy)
This is a much stronger word, meaning 'frenzied,' 'furious,' or 'unbridled.' If 'бурный' is a storm, 'неистовый' is a hurricane. It is often used for uncontrollable rage or passion. 'Неистовый гнев' is much more intense than a 'бурная ссора'.
Интенсивный (Intensivnyy)
This is the more clinical, technical version of 'бурный.' Use this for 'intensive' study or 'intensive' care. It lacks the 'stormy' imagery of the Russian root and is more neutral.

Сравните:
1. Бурный поток (Turbulent stream - messy, loud).
2. Стремительный поток (Swift stream - fast, direct).

When choosing between these words, think about the visual you want to create. If you want to emphasize the 'noise' and 'activity,' go with бурный. If you want to emphasize 'speed' and 'efficiency,' go with стремительный. If you want to describe something 'overpowering' and 'wild,' go with неистовый.

In summary, бурный occupies a unique space in Russian by bridging the gap between physical nature and psychological intensity. It is more descriptive than 'быстрый' and more common than 'неистовый,' making it an essential tool for any intermediate to advanced learner.

How Formal Is It?

正式

"Проект вызвал бурную полемику в научных кругах."

中性

"На улице начался бурный рост зелени."

非正式

"Ну и бурная у тебя была ночка!"

Child friendly

"Бурная речка весело шумит на камнях."

俚语

"Это был просто бурный хайп."

趣味小知识

The word 'буря' is a cognate with the English word 'bore' (as in a tidal bore) and is related to the sound of rushing wind or water.

发音指南

UK /ˈburnɨj/
US /ˈburni/
On the first syllable: бУрный.
押韵词
культурный (kulturnyy) абажурный (abazhurnyy) дежурный (dezhurnyy) микстурный (miksturnyy) натурный (naturnyy) паркурный (parkurnyy) пурпурный (purpurnyy) шампурный (shampurnyy)
常见错误
  • Pronouncing 'ы' as a simple 'i' (like 'ee').
  • Not rolling the 'r'.
  • Moving the stress to the second syllable (burnYy - incorrect).

难度评级

阅读 3/5

Common in literature and news, easy to recognize once the root 'буря' is known.

写作 4/5

Requires knowledge of adjective endings and correct collocations.

口语 4/5

Stress on the first syllable is key. Useful for adding color to stories.

听力 3/5

Clear pronunciation, usually easy to hear in context.

接下来学什么

前置知识

буря море рост сильный быстрый

接下来学习

стремительный неистовый стихия восторженный овация

高级

брожение коллизия пучина негодование экспансия
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按水平分级的例句

1

Сегодня на улице бурный ветер.

Today there is a stormy wind outside.

Masculine nominative adjective.

2

В горах течёт бурная река.

A stormy river flows in the mountains.

Feminine nominative adjective.

3

Мы видели бурное море.

We saw a stormy sea.

Neuter nominative adjective.

4

Бурные волны бьют о берег.

Stormy waves hit the shore.

Plural nominative adjective.

5

Это был бурный день.

It was a stormy/eventful day.

Masculine nominative.

6

У него бурный характер.

He has a stormy character.

Masculine nominative.

7

В лесу был бурный поток.

There was a stormy stream in the forest.

Masculine nominative.

8

Они услышали бурный шум.

They heard a stormy/violent noise.

Masculine accusative (inanimate).

1

Зал встретил певца бурными аплодисментами.

The hall greeted the singer with stormy applause.

Instrumental plural.

2

У них была бурная ссора вчера.

They had a stormy quarrel yesterday.

Feminine nominative.

3

Бурная фантазия ребёнка удивила всех.

The child's wild imagination surprised everyone.

Feminine nominative.

4

Мы не пошли плавать из-за бурного моря.

We didn't go swimming because of the stormy sea.

Genitive neuter.

5

Это был бурный успех для новой группы.

It was a stormy/huge success for the new band.

Masculine nominative.

6

В городе началась бурная жизнь.

A stormy/active life began in the city.

Feminine nominative.

7

Он рассказал о своём бурном прошлом.

He told about his stormy past.

Prepositional neuter.

8

После бурной ночи он долго спал.

After a wild night, he slept for a long time.

Genitive feminine.

1

Бурный рост экономики помог стране.

The rapid growth of the economy helped the country.

Masculine nominative.

2

Между ними завязалась бурная дискуссия.

A heated discussion started between them.

Feminine nominative.

3

Бурное развитие интернета изменило мир.

The rapid development of the internet changed the world.

Neuter nominative.

4

Он всегда отличался бурным темпераментом.

He was always distinguished by a stormy temperament.

Instrumental masculine.

5

Фильм вызвал бурные протесты в обществе.

The film caused stormy protests in society.

Accusative plural.

6

Мы провели бурные выходные в горах.

We spent wild/active weekends in the mountains.

Accusative plural.

7

Она не могла сдержать бурных эмоций.

She couldn't hold back her stormy emotions.

Genitive plural.

8

Бурная деятельность компании привлекла внимание.

The company's vigorous activity attracted attention.

Feminine nominative.

1

Бурные девяностые годы были временем перемен.

The turbulent nineties were a time of change.

Plural nominative.

2

Его бурная карьера в политике закончилась скандалом.

His stormy career in politics ended in scandal.

Feminine nominative.

3

Оратор сорвал бурные овации.

The speaker brought down the house (got stormy ovations).

Accusative plural.

4

Бурное цветение садов началось в мае.

The lush/rapid blooming of the gardens began in May.

Neuter nominative.

5

Они вели бурный образ жизни.

They led a wild lifestyle.

Accusative masculine.

6

Проект вызвал бурную полемику в прессе.

The project caused stormy polemics in the press.

Accusative feminine.

7

Бурная радость охватила толпу.

Wild joy seized the crowd.

Feminine nominative.

8

Несмотря на бурное прошлое, сейчас он спокоен.

Despite a turbulent past, he is calm now.

Accusative neuter.

1

Бурное негодование народа привело к революции.

The stormy indignation of the people led to revolution.

Neuter nominative.

2

Его проза характеризуется бурным ритмом.

His prose is characterized by a turbulent rhythm.

Instrumental masculine.

3

Мы оказались в самом центре бурных событий.

We found ourselves in the very center of turbulent events.

Genitive plural.

4

Бурная экспансия компании на восток была рискованной.

The company's rapid expansion to the east was risky.

Feminine nominative.

5

Она была известна своим бурным нравом.

She was known for her stormy disposition.

Instrumental masculine.

6

Бурное воображение поэта создавало иные миры.

The poet's wild imagination created other worlds.

Neuter nominative.

7

За бурным восторгом последовало разочарование.

The wild delight was followed by disappointment.

Instrumental masculine.

8

Бурные потоки информации захлестнули нас.

Stormy flows of information overwhelmed us.

Plural nominative.

1

Бурная дистилляция смыслов происходит в его стихах.

A stormy distillation of meanings occurs in his poems.

Feminine nominative.

2

Её жизнь была наполнена бурными коллизиями.

Her life was filled with stormy collisions/conflicts.

Instrumental plural.

3

Бурное проявление чувств считалось тогда неприличным.

A stormy display of feelings was considered indecent then.

Neuter nominative.

4

Критик отметил бурный пафос его выступления.

The critic noted the stormy pathos of his speech.

Accusative masculine.

5

Бурное брожение умов предвещало перемены.

The stormy fermentation of minds portended changes.

Neuter nominative.

6

Роман описывает бурное становление личности.

The novel describes the turbulent formation of a personality.

Accusative neuter.

7

Бурная стихия языка не поддаётся простому анализу.

The stormy element of language does not yield to simple analysis.

Feminine nominative.

8

Он погрузился в бурную пучину страстей.

He plunged into the stormy abyss of passions.

Accusative feminine.

常见搭配

бурные аплодисменты
бурный рост
бурная реакция
бурная дискуссия
бурная река
бурный роман
бурная фантазия
бурное развитие
бурное море
бурная ночь

常用短语

Бурные девяностые

Бурные овации

Бурный поток

Бурная деятельность

Бурные чувства

Бурная ссора

Бурное негодование

Бурный успех

Бурная молодость

Бурная жизнь

习语与表达

"Бурные аплодисменты, переходящие в овацию"

A Soviet-era cliché describing extreme approval, now often used ironically.

Его шутку встретили бурными аплодисментами, переходящими в овацию.

journalistic/ironic

"Бурный восторг"

To be extremely excited or happy about something.

Дети пришли в бурный восторг от подарков.

neutral

"Бурный поток сознания"

A literary technique or just a person talking without stopping or logic.

Его речь напоминала бурный поток сознания.

literary

"Бурное море страстей"

A poetic way to describe very strong emotional conflicts.

Они утонули в бурном море страстей.

poetic

"Развивать бурную деятельность"

To suddenly become very active (sometimes unnecessarily so).

Начальник начал развивать бурную деятельность перед проверкой.

neutral/colloquial

"Бурное брожение"

Usually refers to social unrest or a period where new ideas are forming chaotically.

В умах молодёжи началось бурное брожение.

literary/political

"Бурный финал"

A very exciting or chaotic ending to an event.

Матч имел бурный финал.

neutral

"Бурный темперамент"

A personality that is easily excited or angered.

С её бурным темпераментом трудно спорить.

neutral

"Бурная полемика"

A very public and sharp intellectual disagreement.

Статья вызвала бурную полемику.

academic/journalistic

"Бурная радость"

Unrestrained joy.

Его возвращение вызвало бурную радость у семьи.

neutral

词族

名词

动词

形容词

相关

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记住它

记忆技巧

Think of a 'BURNING' storm. While the words aren't related, 'Бурный' (BUR-niy) sounds a bit like 'burning' with energy. Imagine a burning, stormy river.

视觉联想

Imagine a theater where the audience is so happy they are creating a storm (буря) with their hands. These are 'бурные аплодисменты'.

Word Web

буря (storm) аплодисменты (applause) рост (growth) река (river) море (sea) роман (romance) дискуссия (discussion) эмоции (emotions)

挑战

Try to use 'бурный' in three different ways today: once for the weather, once for a feeling, and once for a news event.

词源

Derived from the Old East Slavic word 'буря' (storm), which has Proto-Indo-European roots. It is related to the verb 'бушевать' (to rage).

原始含义： Pertaining to a storm or a strong wind.

Slavic / Indo-European

文化背景

No specific sensitivities, but be aware that using it for a person's 'бурное прошлое' can imply a history of scandals or partying.

The closest English equivalents are 'stormy', 'turbulent', 'rapid', or 'roaring' (as in the Roaring Twenties).

The 'stormy applause' in Soviet transcripts of Stalin's or Khrushchev's speeches. Lermontov's poems about the Caucasus ('Бурный Терек'). The Russian term for the 'Roaring Twenties' is often translated using 'бурные'.

在生活中练习

真实语境

Weather/Nature

  • бурное море
  • бурная река
  • бурный поток
  • бурный ветер

Business/Economy

  • бурный рост
  • бурное развитие
  • бурная экспансия
  • бурный успех

Social Interaction

  • бурные аплодисменты
  • бурная дискуссия
  • бурная ссора
  • бурная реакция

Personal Life

  • бурный роман
  • бурное прошлое
  • бурная молодость
  • бурная ночь

Psychology

  • бурный темперамент
  • бурные эмоции
  • бурный восторг
  • бурное негодование

对话开场白

"Какое самое бурное событие произошло в твоей жизни за последний год?"

"Ты предпочитаешь спокойный отдых или бурную ночную жизнь?"

"Как ты думаешь, бурный рост технологий — это хорошо или плохо?"

"Ты когда-нибудь видел по-настоящему бурное море?"

"Что обычно вызывает у тебя бурный восторг?"

日记主题

Опиши свой самый бурный день. Что произошло и какие эмоции ты испытывал?

Хотел бы ты жить в бурные исторические времена или в спокойную эпоху? Почему?

Опиши бурную реку, используя как можно больше прилагательных.

Напиши о бурном росте какой-либо индустрии в твоей стране.

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