缺课 30秒了解
- <strong>缺课</strong> (quē kè) means to miss class or be absent from a lesson.
- It's a common verb used in educational contexts.
- Can be due to illness, family matters, or other reasons.
- Used by students, teachers, and parents.
- Standard term for absence from scheduled classes.
The Chinese word 缺课 (quē kè) is a verb that directly translates to 'to miss class' or 'to be absent from a lesson'. It's a very common and straightforward term used in educational contexts. When a student is not present for a scheduled class, whether due to illness, a family emergency, or any other reason, they have 缺课.
This term is widely used by students, teachers, parents, and school administrators. It's a neutral term, meaning it doesn't inherently carry a negative connotation, although it can be used in contexts where missing class is discouraged or has consequences. For instance, a teacher might tell a student, 'You have 缺课 three times this semester, which is too much.' Or a parent might ask their child, 'Did you 缺课 today?'
The characters themselves provide a clue to the meaning: 缺 (quē) means 'to lack', 'to be short of', or 'to be absent', and 课 (kè) means 'class' or 'lesson'. Together, they literally mean 'to lack class', implying absence from it. This is a fundamental word for anyone involved in the Chinese education system or discussing educational matters.
Consider the sentence: 他因为生病而缺课了。 (Tā yīn wéi shēng bìng ér quē kè le.) This means 'He missed class because he was sick.' Here, 缺课 clearly indicates the absence from the lesson due to illness. It's a practical word for describing a common situation in any school setting.
In informal settings, people might use more colloquial ways to describe absence, but 缺课 remains the standard and most understood term. For example, if a student is playing truant, they are also technically 缺课, though the reason for absence might be different. The context will usually clarify the specific circumstances of the absence.
Understanding 缺课 is essential for discussing school attendance, academic performance, and any issues related to a student's presence in the classroom. It’s a building block for more complex discussions about education in Chinese.
- Usage Context
- Primarily used in academic and educational settings, referring to student attendance.
- Core Meaning
- Absence from a scheduled lesson or class.
Students who 缺课 frequently may fall behind in their studies.
Please inform the teacher if you need to 缺课.
- Key Component Characters
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- 缺 (quē): to lack, to be short of, to be absent
- 课 (kè): class, lesson
Using 缺课 (quē kè) in sentences is quite straightforward, as it functions as a verb indicating absence from a class. It can appear in various sentence structures, often accompanied by reasons for absence or consequences.
1. Basic Structure: Subject + 缺课 + (了) + (Reason/Time)
The most common way to use it is to state who missed class and why, or when.
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我昨天缺课了，因为我生病了。 (Wǒ zuótiān quē kè le, yīnwèi wǒ shēng bìng le.)
Translation: I missed class yesterday because I was sick.
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如果你要缺课，请提前告诉我。 (Rúguǒ nǐ yào quē kè, qǐng tíqián gàosu wǒ.)
Translation: If you need to miss class, please tell me in advance.
2. Using 缺课 as a Noun (less common, often implied):
While primarily a verb, in some contexts, the concept of 'missing class' can be treated as a noun, especially when discussing attendance records or policies.
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学校对缺课有严格的规定。 (Xuéxiào duì quē kè yǒu yángé de guīdìng.)
Translation: The school has strict regulations regarding absences from class.
3. Combining with Other Verbs/Phrases:
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他因为参加比赛而缺课了三天。 (Tā yīnwèi cānjiā bǐsài ér quē kè le sān tiān.)
Translation: He missed class for three days because he participated in a competition.
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连续缺课会影响你的成绩。 (Liánxù quē kè huì yǐngxiǎng nǐ de chéngjì.)
Translation: Continuous absence from class will affect your grades.
4. Negative Sentences:
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我没有缺课，我一直在上课。 (Wǒ méiyǒu quē kè, wǒ yīzhí zài shàng kè.)
Translation: I did not miss class; I have been attending classes.
5. Questions:
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你今天缺课了吗？ (Nǐ jīntiān quē kè le ma?)
Translation: Did you miss class today?
You'll hear 缺课 (quē kè) in a variety of everyday situations, primarily revolving around educational institutions. It's a word that's deeply embedded in the language used by anyone involved in schooling.
1. In Schools and Universities:
This is the most common environment. Teachers use it to mark attendance, discuss student performance, or address absences. Students might use it when talking to each other about missing a lecture or tutorial, or when explaining their absence to a teacher or classmate. School administrators use it when discussing attendance policies or compiling reports.
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老师：你这个星期缺课太多了，得补上。 (Lǎoshī: Nǐ zhège xīngqī quē kè tài duō le, děi bǔ shàng.)
Teacher: You've missed too many classes this week, you need to catch up.
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学生：对不起老师，我昨天缺课了，因为我去看医生了。 (Xuéshēng: Duìbùqǐ lǎoshī, wǒ zuótiān quē kè le, yīnwèi wǒ qù kàn yīshēng le.)
Student: Sorry teacher, I missed class yesterday because I went to see the doctor.
2. Among Parents:
Parents often discuss their children's attendance with each other or with the school. They might ask, 'Did [child's name] 缺课 today?' or discuss reasons for absence.
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一位家长问另一位家长：你的孩子今天缺课了吗？ (Yī wèi jiāzhǎng wèn lìng yī wèi jiāzhǎng: Nǐ de háizi jīntiān quē kè le ma?)
One parent asks another: Did your child miss class today?
3. In Educational Broadcasts or News:
News reports or educational programs might discuss issues related to student attendance, truancy, or the impact of missing classes. In these contexts, 缺课 would be used to describe the phenomenon.
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报告指出，远程学习期间学生缺课率有所上升。 (Bàogào zhǐchū, yuǎnchéng xuéxí qījiān xuéshēng quē kè lǜ yǒu suǒ shàngshēng.)
Translation: The report indicated that the rate of students missing classes increased during remote learning.
4. When Discussing Tutoring or Make-up Classes:
If a student has 缺课, they might need to arrange for tutoring or make-up lessons. The conversation would naturally involve the term 缺课.
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我需要为缺课的内容找一个家教。 (Wǒ xūyào wèi quē kè de nèiróng zhǎo yī ge jiājiào.)
Translation: I need to find a tutor for the content I missed due to absence from class.
Essentially, any situation where you're discussing attendance, absence, or the need to catch up on missed schoolwork is a place where you are likely to hear or use 缺课.
While 缺课 (quē kè) is a common word, learners can sometimes make mistakes in its usage, particularly regarding grammar, context, and alternative phrasing. Here are some common pitfalls to avoid:
1. Misusing Particles (especially '了' le):
Learners often struggle with when to use the particle 了 (le) with 缺课. While 缺课了 (quē kè le) is very common to indicate a past absence ('missed class'), omitting it can sometimes sound unnatural when referring to a specific instance of absence.
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Incorrect: 我缺课昨天。
(Wǒ quē kè zuótiān.)
Why it's wrong: This sounds like 'I lack class yesterday' or 'I am absent class yesterday' without the grammatical marker for a completed action or state change.
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Correct: 我昨天缺课了。
(Wǒ zuótiān quē kè le.)
Meaning: I missed class yesterday.
2. Confusing with Similar Concepts:
While 缺课 specifically means missing a class or lesson, learners might confuse it with broader terms for absence or being late.
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Incorrect: 我缺课迟到。
(Wǒ quē kè chídào.)
Why it's wrong: 缺课 means absence, while 迟到 (chídào) means to be late. You can't 'miss class late'.
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Correct: 我昨天迟到了，但是没有缺课。
(Wǒ zuótiān chídào le, dànshì méiyǒu quē kè.)
Meaning: I was late yesterday, but I didn't miss class.
3. Overusing it in informal contexts:
While 缺课 is perfectly acceptable in most situations, in very casual chats among close friends, a simpler phrase might be used. However, this is less of a mistake and more about register.
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Slightly less natural (but understandable): 今天我缺课了，没去。
(Jīntiān wǒ quē kè le, méi qù.)
Why it's less natural: The phrase '没去' (méi qù - didn't go) is redundant after stating you 'missed class'.
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More natural casual: 今天我没去上课。
(Jīntiān wǒ méi qù shàng kè.)
Meaning: I didn't go to class today.
4. Using it for general absence:
缺课 is specific to educational settings. Using it for missing a meeting, an appointment, or an event outside of school would be incorrect.
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Incorrect: 我缺课了那个会议。
(Wǒ quē kè le nàge huìyì.)
Why it's wrong: You don't 'miss class' for a meeting.
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Correct: 我错过了那个会议。
(Wǒ cuòguò le nàge huìyì.)
Meaning: I missed that meeting.
5. Pronunciation Errors:
While not strictly a usage error, mispronouncing the tones (especially the third tone in 缺 quē) can lead to misunderstandings. Ensure you practice the correct pronunciation.
While 缺课 (quē kè) is the standard term for missing class, Mandarin Chinese offers various ways to express similar ideas, depending on the nuance, formality, and specific situation. Understanding these alternatives helps in mastering the language more effectively.
Direct Synonyms/Closely Related Terms:
- 1. 旷课 (kuàng kè)
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Meaning: To be absent from class without permission; to play truant.
Usage: This term implies a more serious absence, often one that is unauthorized or deliberate. While 缺课 can be for valid reasons (like illness), 旷课 suggests skipping class.
Example: 他因为旷课被老师批评了。 (Tā yīnwèi kuàng kè bèi lǎoshī pīpíng le.) Translation: He was criticized by the teacher for playing truant.
Comparison: 缺课 is neutral; 旷课 is negative.
- 2. 请假 (qǐng jià)
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Meaning: To ask for leave; to take time off.
Usage: This is the act of requesting permission to be absent. If leave is granted, the absence is then considered 缺课 (or 旷课 if it's unauthorized). It's the process of obtaining permission for absence.
Example: 我需要请假一天，因为我要去看医生。 (Wǒ xūyào qǐng jià yī tiān, yīnwèi wǒ yào qù kàn yīshēng.) Translation: I need to ask for a day off because I need to see a doctor.
Comparison: 请假 is the request; 缺课 is the resulting absence.
Less Direct, More Descriptive Alternatives:
- 3. 没有上课 (méiyǒu shàng kè) / 没去上课 (méi qù shàng kè)
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Meaning: Did not attend class / Did not go to class.
Usage: These are more descriptive and less formal ways to say someone missed class. They focus on the action of not attending.
Example: 他今天没有上课，不知道去哪儿了。 (Tā jīntiān méiyǒu shàng kè, bù zhīdào qù nǎr le.) Translation: He didn't attend class today; I don't know where he went.
Comparison: More colloquial and descriptive than the formal verb 缺课.
- 4. 迟到 (chídào)
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Meaning: To be late.
Usage: This is distinct from 缺课. Someone can be late (迟到) but still attend part of the class, thus not technically 缺课. However, frequent lateness can sometimes lead to being marked as absent for the entire class.
Example: 我迟到了五分钟，但还是进教室了。 (Wǒ chídào le wǔ fēnzhōng, dàn háishì jìn jiàoshì le.) Translation: I was five minutes late, but I still entered the classroom.
Comparison: 缺课 is absence; 迟到 is tardiness.
- 5. 缺席 (quē xí)
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Meaning: To be absent; to be missing (from an event, meeting, or position).
Usage: This is a more general term for absence and can apply to meetings, ceremonies, or any formal gathering, not just classes. While it can technically include missing class, 缺课 is more specific and commonly used for educational contexts.
Example: 他因病缺席了会议。 (Tā yīn bìng quē xí le huìyì.) Translation: He was absent from the meeting due to illness.
Comparison: 缺课 is specific to classes; 缺席 is general absence.
How Formal Is It?
趣味小知识
The character 缺 (quē) itself is quite descriptive. It's composed of '欠' (qiàn - to owe, to lack) and '丙' (bǐng - a phonetic component, originally related to a surname or a place). The '欠' component strongly suggests the idea of something missing or not being fulfilled, which aligns perfectly with the concept of absence. The character 课 (kè) is composed of '讠' (yán - speech, words) and '束' (shù - to tie, to bind), suggesting lessons that are 'bound' by words or instruction.
发音指南
- Incorrect tones: Mispronouncing the 4th tone on <strong>缺</strong> (quē) or the 1st tone on <strong>课</strong> (kè) can significantly alter the meaning or make it sound unnatural.
- Aspiration: Not aspirating the 'k' in <strong>课</strong> (kè) enough, making it sound like 'ge' instead of 'ke'.
- Vowel sound: Incorrectly pronouncing the vowel in <strong>缺</strong> (quē), making it sound too much like 'cue' or 'cool'.
难度评级
The character 缺 (quē) might be new to beginners, but the combination with 课 (kè) is very intuitive. Reading sentences involving 缺课 is generally straightforward once the meaning is grasped. The context of school makes it easy to infer.
Writing 缺课 is relatively easy. The main challenge might be remembering the tones and ensuring correct stroke order for 缺. Using it correctly in sentences, especially with particles like 了 (le), requires practice.
Pronunciation, particularly the tones and the initial 'qu' sound, can be a slight challenge for beginners. However, once the pronunciation is mastered, using it in conversation is straightforward.
Recognizing 缺课 when spoken requires familiarity with the tones and pronunciation. Native speakers often use it clearly in contexts related to school, making it easier to identify.
接下来学什么
前置知识
接下来学习
高级
需要掌握的语法
The particle '了' (le) is often used with verbs to indicate a completed action or a change of state. When talking about having missed a class, '缺课了' (quē kè le) is very common.
我昨天缺课了。(Wǒ zuótiān quē kè le.) - I missed class yesterday.
The conjunction '因为' (yīnwèi - because) is used to introduce the reason for an action. It can often be placed before the verb or at the beginning of the sentence.
我因为生病缺课了。(Wǒ yīnwèi shēng bìng quē kè le.) - I missed class because I was sick.
Conditional sentences often use '如果' (rúguǒ - if) or '要是' (yàoshi - if) to introduce a hypothetical situation, followed by the consequence.
如果你要缺课, 请提前告诉我。(Rúguǒ nǐ yào quē kè, qǐng tíqián gàosu wǒ.) - If you need to miss class, please tell me in advance.
Adverbs of frequency like '频繁' (pínfán - frequent) and '连续' (liánxù - continuous) can modify the verb '缺课' to describe the pattern of absence.
他频繁缺课。(Tā pínfán quē kè.) - He frequently misses class.
The structure 'Subject + Verb + Object + 了' is common for past actions. For '缺课', it often becomes 'Subject + 缺课 + 了'.
她缺课了。(Tā quē kè le.) - She missed class.
按水平分级的例句
我生病了，所以缺课。
I am sick, so I missed class.
Simple past action with reason.
你今天为什么缺课？
Why did you miss class today?
Question using why (为什么).
他缺课了，老师很担心。
He missed class, the teacher is very worried.
Simple sentence structure with cause and effect.
我不喜欢缺课。
I don't like missing class.
Negation with 不 (bù).
明天我不能来，会缺课。
I cannot come tomorrow, I will miss class.
Future intention with 会 (huì).
她缺课了，她妈妈会来学校。
She missed class, her mother will come to school.
Two simple sentences connected by context.
这次考试，我因为缺课没考好。
For this exam, I didn't do well because I missed class.
Reason introduced by 因为 (yīnwèi) at the end of the clause.
请不要缺课。
Please do not miss class.
Imperative sentence with 请 (qǐng).
由于天气原因，他今天缺课了。
Due to weather reasons, he missed class today.
Using '由于' (yóuyú - due to) to introduce the reason.
如果你发现自己要缺课，最好提前通知老师。
If you find you need to miss class, it's best to notify the teacher in advance.
Conditional sentence structure with '如果' (rúguǒ - if) and advice using '最好' (zuìhǎo - it's best).
学校规定，连续缺课三天以上需要家长签字。
The school regulation states that continuous absence for more than three days requires a parent's signature.
Using '连续' (liánxù - continuous) and expressing a rule.
他因为参加比赛而缺课了三天，现在正在努力补习。
He missed class for three days because he participated in a competition, and is now working hard to catch up.
Compound sentence with multiple clauses and reasons.
我的朋友因为家里有急事而缺课，我帮他做了笔记。
My friend missed class because of a family emergency; I helped him take notes.
Expressing a reason and an action taken to help.
医生建议他休息，所以他不能不缺课。
The doctor advised him to rest, so he couldn't avoid missing class.
Using '不能不' (bù néng bù - cannot not / must) to express inevitability.
我们班很少有人缺课，大家都很认真。
Very few people in our class miss class; everyone is very diligent.
Using '很少有人' (hěn shǎo yǒu rén - very few people) and describing the class atmosphere.
请问，我因为迟到而算缺课吗？
Excuse me, if I am late, does that count as missing class?
Asking a clarifying question about attendance policy.
鉴于他近期频繁的缺课记录，学校决定对其进行一次严肃的谈话。
In view of his recent frequent record of missing classes, the school decided to have a serious talk with him.
Using formal language like '鉴于' (jiànyú - in view of) and '频繁' (pínfán - frequent).
如果学生因故缺课，必须在规定时间内提交相关证明文件。
If students miss class due to a valid reason, they must submit relevant supporting documents within the specified time.
Formal phrasing using '因故' (yīn gù - due to a reason) and '规定时间内' (guīdìng shíjiān nèi - within the specified time).
他本打算参加这次重要的研讨会，但因突发疾病不得不缺课。
He had originally planned to attend this important seminar, but due to a sudden illness, he had to miss class.
Expressing intention and unexpected circumstances using '不得不' (bù dé bù - have no choice but to).
学校鼓励学生积极参与课堂活动，避免不必要的缺课。
The school encourages students to actively participate in classroom activities and avoid unnecessary absences from class.
Using '鼓励' (gǔlì - encourage) and '避免' (bìmiǎn - avoid).
长期缺课不仅会影响学业成绩，还可能导致学生与同学们的疏远。
Long-term absence from class will not only affect academic performance but may also lead to students becoming distant from their classmates.
Discussing consequences using '不仅...还...' (bùjǐn...hái... - not only...but also...).
即使是短暂的缺课，也可能错过一些关键的教学内容。
Even a brief absence from class may result in missing some key teaching content.
Using '即使' (jíshǐ - even if) and emphasizing the importance of continuity.
为了弥补缺课造成的落后，他利用周末时间进行额外的学习。
To make up for the lag caused by missing class, he used his weekends for extra study.
Using '为了' (wèile - in order to) and describing a remedial action.
老师强调，任何缺课行为都应得到妥善的解释和记录。
The teacher emphasized that any act of missing class should be properly explained and recorded.
Using '强调' (qiángdiào - emphasize) and '妥善' (tuǒshàn - properly).
学校政策规定，任何未经请假的缺课将被视为旷课处理。
School policy stipulates that any absence from class without prior leave will be treated as truancy.
Formal phrasing using '政策规定' (zhèngcè guīdìng - policy stipulates) and '视为' (shìwéi - be regarded as).
他因长期缺课而导致学业成绩大幅下滑，这引起了家长的极大担忧。
His academic performance plummeted significantly due to prolonged absence from class, which caused great concern for his parents.
Using adverbs like '大幅' (dàfú - significantly) and '极大' (jídà - greatly).
尽管他试图通过课后辅导来弥补缺课的损失，但效果甚微。
Although he attempted to compensate for the losses incurred by missing class through after-school tutoring, the effect was minimal.
Using concessive clauses with '尽管...但...' (jǐnguǎn...dàn... - although...but...) and '甚微' (shènwēi - very little).
教育专家指出，过度依赖在线课程可能导致学生对实体课堂产生缺课的倾向。
Education experts point out that over-reliance on online courses may lead to students developing a tendency to miss physical classes.
Discussing trends and potential negative consequences.
学校为应对学生缺课问题，引入了更为精细化的考勤追踪系统。
To address the issue of student absences, the school has introduced a more sophisticated attendance tracking system.
Using '应对' (yìngduì - to cope with/address) and '精细化' (jīngxìhuà - refined/sophisticated).
他声称缺课是因为参加了重要的国际学术会议，但缺乏可靠的证据。
He claimed his absence from class was due to attending an important international academic conference, but lacked reliable evidence.
Reporting claims and expressing doubt.
学生缺课率的上升可能预示着教学方法或课程内容存在某些亟待解决的问题。
An increase in the student absence rate may indicate certain pressing issues in teaching methods or curriculum content that need to be resolved.
Using '预示着' (yùshìzhe - indicates/foreshadows) and '亟待解决' (jídài jiějué - urgently needs to be solved).
为了杜绝因病缺课的滥用现象，学校要求提供正式的医疗证明。
To eradicate the abuse of absences due to illness, the school requires official medical certificates.
Using '杜绝' (dùjué - eradicate) and '滥用' (lànyòng - abuse).
该教育机构对于学生缺课行为持零容忍态度，任何未经批准的缺席都将受到严厉处分。
This educational institution adopts a zero-tolerance policy towards student absences; any unapproved absence will be subject to severe disciplinary action.
Formal and strong language: '零容忍态度' (líng róngrěn tàidù - zero-tolerance attitude), '严厉处分' (yánlì chǔfèn - severe disciplinary action).
学生缺课的根本原因往往涉及复杂的社会经济因素，而非简单的个人懈怠。
The root causes of student absences often involve complex socio-economic factors, rather than simple personal indolence.
Analytical language: '根本原因' (gēnběn yuányīn - root cause), '社会经济因素' (shèhuì jīngjì yīnsù - socio-economic factors), '个人懈怠' (gèrén xièdài - personal indolence).
尽管学校提供了灵活的线上学习选项，但仍有相当一部分学生选择性地缺课，显示出其对传统课堂模式的抵触情绪。
Despite the school offering flexible online learning options, a considerable number of students still selectively miss physical classes, indicating their resistance towards the traditional classroom model.
Sophisticated vocabulary: '相当一部分' (xiāngdāng yī bùfèn - a considerable number), '选择性地' (xuǎnzéxìng de - selectively), '抵触情绪' (dǐchù qíngxù - resistance/adverse feelings).
长期以来，关于如何有效遏制学生缺课现象，教育界一直争论不休。
For a long time, the education sector has been in continuous debate about how to effectively curb the phenomenon of student absences.
Expressing ongoing debate and using '遏制' (èzhì - curb/contain).
该研究旨在探讨学生缺课行为与其心理健康状况之间的相关性。
This study aims to explore the correlation between students' absence behavior and their mental health status.
Academic research language: '旨在探讨' (zhǐ zài tàntǎo - aims to explore), '相关性' (xiāngguānxìng - correlation).
在某些文化背景下，学生缺课可能被视为一种反叛或独立自主的表现。
In certain cultural contexts, student absences may be perceived as an expression of rebellion or independence.
Discussing cultural interpretations and abstract concepts.
教育政策的制定者必须审慎权衡，既要保证教学的连续性，又要体谅学生因不可抗力而缺课的现实。
Policymakers in education must carefully weigh the balance between ensuring teaching continuity and understanding the reality of students missing class due to force majeure.
Formal reasoning and complex balancing act: '审慎权衡' (shěnshèn quánhéng - carefully weigh), '不可抗力' (bùkěkànglì - force majeure).
一旦学生形成缺课的习惯，往往需要系统性的干预才能有效纠正。
Once students form a habit of missing class, systematic intervention is often required for effective correction.
Describing habitual behavior and the need for intervention: '系统性的干预' (xìtǒngxìng de gānyù - systematic intervention).
对学生缺课现象的分析，绝不能流于表面化的统计数字，而应深入探究其背后错综复杂的成因。
An analysis of student absence phenomena must by no means be superficial statistical figures; rather, it should delve deeply into the intricate causes behind them.
Elevated language and critical analysis: '绝不能流于' (jué bù néng liú yú - must by no means be superficial), '错综复杂' (cuòzōng fùzá - intricate and complex), '成因' (chéngyīn - causes/origins).
教育体系中，对缺课的界定及其引发的后果，往往折射出该社会对学习、纪律和个体责任的价值取向。
Within the educational system, the definition of absence and its ensuing consequences often reflect the society's value orientation towards learning, discipline, and individual responsibility.
Abstract and philosophical: '折射出' (zhéshè chū - reflect/refract), '价值取向' (jiàzhí qǔxiàng - value orientation).
我们必须警惕将学生缺课简单归咎于技术进步或数字化教学的副产品，而忽视了更深层次的结构性矛盾。
We must be wary of simply attributing student absences to technological advancements or as byproducts of digital teaching, while overlooking deeper structural conflicts.
Nuanced critique and warning: '警惕' (jǐngtì - be wary of), '归咎于' (guījiù yú - attribute to/blame), '结构性矛盾' (jiégòuxìng máodùn - structural conflicts).
在评估教育政策的有效性时，缺课率的变化趋势不应孤立看待，而应与其他社会指标进行关联性分析。
When evaluating the effectiveness of educational policies, the trend of absence rates should not be viewed in isolation but should be analyzed in correlation with other social indicators.
Advanced analytical approach: '孤立看待' (gūlì kàndài - view in isolation), '关联性分析' (guānliánxìng fēnxī - correlational analysis).
教育者在处理学生缺课问题时，需要超越简单的惩戒思维，转向以人为本、关注个体发展的干预策略。
Educators, when dealing with student absence issues, need to move beyond simplistic punitive thinking and shift towards people-centered intervention strategies that focus on individual development.
Philosophical shift in approach: '超越...思维' (chāoyuè...sīwéi - transcend...thinking), '以人为本' (yǐ rén wéi běn - people-centered).
现代社会对人才的需求日益多元化，使得过去那种将缺课视为绝对失败的僵化观念已显得不合时宜。
The demand for talent in modern society is increasingly diversified, making the rigid notion of viewing absence as absolute failure outdated.
Critique of outdated notions: '日益多元化' (rìyì duōyuánhuà - increasingly diversified), '僵化观念' (jiānghuà guānniàn - rigid notion), '不合时宜' (bù hé shíyí - outdated/anachronistic).
通过对历史案例的梳理，我们可以发现，教育体系对学生缺课的处理方式，往往是其社会文化价值观的重要体现。
By reviewing historical cases, we can find that the way the education system handles student absences often serves as an important manifestation of its socio-cultural values.
Historical and sociological perspective: '梳理' (shūlǐ - sort out/organize), '体现' (tǐxiàn - embody/manifest).
在构建包容性教育环境的宏大叙事中，我们必须审慎处理学生因特殊需求而产生的缺课问题，避免一概而论。
In the grand narrative of building an inclusive educational environment, we must cautiously address student absences arising from special needs, avoiding generalizations.
Advocacy for inclusivity and nuanced understanding: '宏大叙事' (hóngdà xùshì - grand narrative), '包容性' (bāoróngxìng - inclusive), '一概而论' (yīgài'érlùn - generalize/lump together).
常见搭配
常用短语
— Missed class (past tense/completed action). This is the most common way to use the verb.
我昨天缺课了，因为我生病了。
— Are you going to miss class? (Asking about future intention)
你明天你要缺课吗？我需要帮你带笔记。
— Don't miss class. (A command or strong suggestion)
老师告诫学生不要缺课。
— The reason for missing class.
请告诉我你缺课的原因。
— Because of missing class. (Used to introduce a consequence)
他成绩下降因为缺课太多。
— Absence rate (the percentage of classes missed).
学校正在努力降低缺课率。
— Catch up on what was missed due to absence from class.
我需要补上缺课的内容。
— Due to missing class. (A more concise way to state the cause)
他因缺课而成绩不佳。
— Student absence from class. (A general statement)
学生缺课是一个需要关注的问题。
— Please do not miss class. (Formal notice)
公告栏上写着：“请勿缺课”。
容易混淆的词
While both mean missing class, 旷课 specifically implies an unauthorized or deliberate absence, often associated with truancy. 缺课 is a more general term that can include absences for valid reasons like illness.
请假 refers to the act of asking for leave, which is the process before an absence. 缺课 is the actual state of being absent from class that results from a granted leave or an unexcused absence.
缺席 is a broader term for absence that can apply to meetings, events, or positions, not just classes. 缺课 is specifically used for educational settings like lessons or lectures.
容易混淆
Both refer to missing class.
<strong>缺课</strong> (quē kè) is a general term for missing class, which can be due to illness, family emergencies, or other valid reasons. It is neutral in connotation. <strong>旷课</strong> (kuàng kè), on the other hand, specifically means to skip class without permission or to play truant. It carries a negative connotation and implies an unauthorized absence. For example, if a student is sick and cannot attend, they <strong>缺课</strong>. If they deliberately skip class to hang out with friends, they <strong>旷课</strong>.
他因为生病<strong>缺课</strong>了。(Tā yīnwèi shēng bìng <strong>quē kè</strong> le.) - He missed class due to illness. / 他因为<strong>旷课</strong>被老师批评了。(Tā yīnwèi <strong>kuàng kè</strong> bèi lǎoshī pīpíng le.) - He was criticized by the teacher for playing truant.
Both are related to not attending class.
<strong>请假</strong> (qǐng jià) means 'to ask for leave' or 'to take time off'. It is the action of requesting permission to be absent. <strong>缺课</strong> (quē kè) is the actual state of being absent from class. One <strong>请假</strong> to avoid <strong>缺课</strong> (if the leave is approved) or one might <strong>缺课</strong> without <strong>请假</strong> (unexcused absence). For instance, you <strong>请假</strong> before you <strong>缺课</strong> if you want your absence to be officially recognized and approved.
我需要<strong>请假</strong>一天。(Wǒ xūyào <strong>qǐng jià</strong> yī tiān.) - I need to ask for a day off. / 我因为<strong>请假</strong>成功而没有<strong>缺课</strong>。(Wǒ yīnwèi <strong>qǐng jià</strong> chénggōng ér méiyǒu <strong>quē kè</strong>.) - Because my leave request was successful, I did not miss class.
Both involve absence.
<strong>缺课</strong> (quē kè) is specifically used for missing classes or lessons in an academic context. <strong>缺席</strong> (quē xí) is a more general term for absence that can apply to any event, meeting, ceremony, or position. While you can <strong>缺课</strong>, you would say you <strong>缺席</strong> a meeting or a party. For example, a student <strong>缺课</strong> from school, but a guest might <strong>缺席</strong> a wedding.
他因为生病<strong>缺课</strong>了。(Tā yīnwèi shēng bìng <strong>quē kè</strong> le.) - He missed class due to illness. / 他因故<strong>缺席</strong>了会议。(Tā yīn gù <strong>quē xí</strong> le huìyì.) - He was absent from the meeting due to a reason.
Both relate to not being fully present in class.
<strong>缺课</strong> (quē kè) means to be absent from the entire class or lesson. <strong>迟到</strong> (chídào) means to be late for class, implying that the person eventually arrives and attends part of the lesson. You can <strong>迟到</strong> without <strong>缺课</strong>, but sometimes prolonged <strong>迟到</strong> might be counted as <strong>缺课</strong> by the institution. For example, arriving 5 minutes late is <strong>迟到</strong>, but not attending the whole class is <strong>缺课</strong>.
我<strong>迟到</strong>了十分钟，但还是进教室了。(Wǒ <strong>chídào</strong> le shí fēnzhōng, dàn háishì jìn jiàoshì le.) - I was ten minutes late, but I still entered the classroom. / 他因为<strong>缺课</strong>太多，成绩下降了。(Tā yīnwèi <strong>quē kè</strong> tài duō, chéngjì xiàjiàng le.) - His grades dropped because he missed too many classes.
Both mean not attending class.
<strong>缺课</strong> (quē kè) is a formal verb meaning 'to miss class'. <strong>没去上课</strong> (méi qù shàng kè) is a more descriptive and informal phrase meaning 'did not go to class'. While they often convey the same basic idea, <strong>缺课</strong> is the standard term used in academic contexts, official records, and more formal discussions. <strong>没去上课</strong> is more like a direct statement of fact in casual conversation. For instance, a teacher might mark a student as <strong>缺课</strong>, while a friend might say '他今天<strong>没去上课</strong>。'
老师在点名时发现他<strong>缺课了</strong>。(Lǎoshī zài diǎnmíng shí fāxiàn tā <strong>quē kè</strong> le.) - The teacher noticed he missed class during roll call. / 我今天<strong>没去上课</strong>，因为我睡过头了。(Wǒ jīntiān <strong>méi qù shàng kè</strong>, yīnwèi wǒ shuì guòtóu le.) - I didn't go to class today because I overslept.
句型
Subject + <strong>缺课</strong> + 了
我<strong>缺课了</strong>。
Subject + 为什么 + <strong>缺课</strong>？
你为什么<strong>缺课</strong>？
因为 + Reason + , + Subject + <strong>缺课</strong>了
因为生病，我<strong>缺课了</strong>。
Subject + 要 + <strong>缺课</strong> + , + 请 + Verb
你要<strong>缺课</strong>, 请通知我。
Subject + 连续 + Number + 天 + <strong>缺课</strong>
他连续三天<strong>缺课</strong>。
<strong>缺课</strong> + (的) + Noun Phrase
<strong>缺课</strong>的学生需要补习。
尽管 + Subject + <strong>缺课</strong>, + 但 + Verb Phrase
尽管他<strong>缺课</strong>, 但他努力学习。
鉴于 + Subject + <strong>缺课</strong> + 记录, + Sentence
鉴于他<strong>缺课</strong>记录, 学校找了他谈话。
词族
动词
相关
如何使用
High
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Using 缺课 for general absence.
→
Using 缺课 only for missing classes/lessons.
<strong>缺课</strong> (quē kè) is specific to educational contexts. For missing a meeting or an event, use <strong>缺席</strong> (quē xí) or <strong>错过</strong> (cuòguò). For example, it's incorrect to say '我<strong>缺课了</strong>那个会议' (I missed that meeting); the correct phrase is '我<strong>错过了</strong>那个会议' (Wǒ <strong>cuòguò</strong> le nàge huìyì).
-
Confusing 缺课 (quē kè) with 旷课 (kuàng kè).
→
Using 缺课 for any absence and 旷课 for unauthorized absence.
<strong>缺课</strong> is neutral and can be for any reason (illness, family emergency). <strong>旷课</strong> specifically means skipping class without permission or playing truant. For instance, '他因为生病<strong>缺课</strong>了' (He missed class due to illness) is correct, but '他因为<strong>旷课</strong>被罚了' (He was punished for playing truant) uses the correct term for unauthorized absence.
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Forgetting the particle '了' (le) for past absence.
→
Adding '了' (le) when referring to a specific past instance of missing class.
While not strictly wrong in all contexts, omitting '了' (le) when describing a past absence often sounds unnatural. It's standard to say '我昨天<strong>缺课了</strong>' (Wǒ zuótiān <strong>quē kè</strong> le - I missed class yesterday) rather than '我昨天<strong>缺课</strong>'. '了' indicates the completion of the action.
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Using 缺课 for being late.
→
Using 迟到 (chídào) for being late.
<strong>缺课</strong> means to be absent for the entire class. <strong>迟到</strong> means to be late. You can be <strong>迟到</strong> but still attend the class, thus not <strong>缺课</strong>. For example, '我<strong>迟到</strong>了五分钟，但还是听了课' (I was five minutes late, but I still attended the class).
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Incorrect tones on 缺课.
→
Pronouncing 缺 (quē) with a 4th tone and 课 (kè) with a 1st tone.
The tones are crucial for correct pronunciation and understanding. <strong>缺</strong> (quē) is a falling tone (4th), and <strong>课</strong> (kè) is a high, flat tone (1st). Incorrect tones can lead to confusion or make the word sound unnatural.
小贴士
Master the Tones
The tones are crucial for 缺课 (quē kè). 缺 (quē) is 4th tone (falling), and 课 (kè) is 1st tone (high and flat). Practice saying 'quē kè' repeatedly, focusing on the pitch and contour of each syllable. Mispronouncing the tones can lead to misunderstandings.
Use '了' (le) Correctly
When referring to a specific instance of missing class in the past, it's very common and natural to add the particle '了' (le) after 缺课. For example, '我昨天缺课了。' (I missed class yesterday.) This indicates a completed action.
Understand the Context
缺课 (quē kè) is specifically for educational settings. Avoid using it for missing meetings, appointments, or social events. For those situations, use words like 缺席 (quē xí) or 错过 (cuòguò - to miss).
Distinguish from 旷课 (kuàng kè)
Remember that 旷课 (kuàng kè) implies skipping class without permission (truancy), while 缺课 (quē kè) is a more general term that includes absences for valid reasons. Use 缺课 for illness or emergencies, and 旷课 for deliberate, unauthorized absence.
Incorporate into Sentences
Practice creating sentences using 缺课 with different reasons and consequences. For example: '他缺课是因为他要参加比赛。' (He missed class because he had to participate in a competition.) or '缺课太多会影响成绩。' (Missing too many classes will affect grades.)
Visual Associations
Imagine a student being 'short' (缺 quē) on 'lessons' (课 kè) because they are absent. Visualizing an empty chair in a classroom can also help remember the meaning of 缺课.
Cultural Significance
In Chinese culture, consistent attendance is highly valued. Frequent 缺课 can be viewed seriously. Understanding this cultural context helps in appreciating the importance placed on not missing class.
Common Sentence Patterns
Familiarize yourself with common patterns like 'Subject + 缺课 + 了' (e.g., 我缺课了), '因为 + Reason + , + Subject + 缺课了' (e.g., 因为生病，我缺课了), and 'Subject + 频繁/连续 + 缺课' (e.g., 他频繁缺课).
Active Recall
Test yourself by trying to translate sentences from English to Chinese that involve missing class. For instance, translate 'I missed class today because I was sick.'
Expand Your Vocabulary
Learn related terms like 旷课 (kuàng kè - play truant), 请假 (qǐng jià - ask for leave), and 上课 (shàng kè - attend class) to build a more comprehensive understanding of attendance-related vocabulary.
记住它
记忆技巧
Imagine a student who is 'short' (缺 quē) on 'lessons' (课 kè) because they didn't show up. The image of a student being 'short' on their schoolwork because they 'missed class' can help solidify the meaning.
视觉联想
Visualize a classroom scene where one chair is conspicuously empty. You could draw a large 'X' over the empty chair, symbolizing 'missing' (缺 quē) the 'class' (课 kè).
Word Web
挑战
Try to use 缺课 in three different sentences describing hypothetical scenarios where someone might miss class, focusing on varying the reasons for absence.
词源
The word 缺课 (quē kè) is a compound word formed from two distinct Chinese characters, each contributing to the overall meaning. The character 缺 (quē) means 'to lack', 'to be short of', or 'to be absent', while 课 (kè) means 'class' or 'lesson'. Together, they literally translate to 'lacking class' or 'being absent from class'. This direct combination clearly conveys the meaning of missing a scheduled lesson.
原始含义： The original meaning is 'to lack a lesson' or 'to be short of a class'.
Sino-Tibetan文化背景
While 缺课 itself is a neutral term, when discussing it, be mindful of the reasons. Valid reasons like illness or emergencies should be treated with empathy. However, repeated or unexcused absences might warrant a more serious tone, reflecting the cultural emphasis on responsibility and academic commitment.
In English-speaking contexts, 'missing class' is a common phrase, but the cultural weight attached to it can vary. While valued, the pressure might not always be as intense as in some East Asian cultures, where consistent attendance is often seen as a direct indicator of diligence and respect for the educational process.
在生活中练习
真实语境
Discussing a student's attendance record with a teacher.
- 我的孩子最近<strong>缺课</strong>有点多。
- 他<strong>缺课</strong>的原因是生病了。
- 我们应该怎么做来<strong>减少缺课</strong>？
- <strong>缺课</strong>会影响他的成绩吗？
A student explaining their absence to a teacher or classmate.
- 对不起老师，我昨天<strong>缺课了</strong>。
- 我<strong>缺课</strong>是因为家里有急事。
- 你能告诉我昨天<strong>缺课</strong>的内容吗？
- 我会尽快<strong>补上缺课</strong>的。
School administration discussing attendance policies.
- 学校对<strong>缺课</strong>有严格的规定。
- 我们需要提高学生的<strong>出勤率</strong>。
- 如何有效<strong>管理</strong>学生的<strong>缺课</strong>行为？
- <strong>缺课率</strong>的上升令人担忧。
Parents talking about their child's school.
- 你家孩子今天<strong>缺课</strong>了吗？
- 为什么他会<strong>缺课</strong>？
- <strong>缺课</strong>太多，他的成绩会受影响。
- 我们得和老师谈谈<strong>缺课</strong>的问题。
Discussing academic performance and its relation to attendance.
- <strong>缺课</strong>太多，考试肯定考不好。
- <strong>缺课</strong>是影响学习的主要原因之一。
- 提高<strong>出勤率</strong>有助于改善学习成绩。
- 他<strong>缺课</strong>后，努力<strong>补课</strong>，成绩有所提高。
对话开场白
"Have you ever had to 缺课 (quē kè) from school? What was the reason?"
"How do you think schools should handle students who frequently 缺课 (quē kè)?"
"What's the difference between 缺课 (quē kè) and 旷课 (kuàng kè)?"
"If you were a teacher, how would you encourage students not to 缺课 (quē kè)?"
"What are the potential consequences of 缺课 (quē kè) on a student's academic journey?"
日记主题
Describe a time you had to <strong>缺课</strong> (quē kè). What was the situation, and how did you feel about it?
Write a short dialogue between a teacher and a student discussing the student's <strong>缺课</strong> (quē kè). Include the reason for absence and how the student plans to catch up.
Imagine you are a school principal. Write a memo to parents about the importance of regular attendance and the school's policy regarding <strong>缺课</strong> (quē kè).
Reflect on the importance of attending every class. What are the benefits of not <strong>缺课</strong> (quē kè), and what are the drawbacks of missing lessons?
Compare and contrast the terms <strong>缺课</strong> (quē kè), <strong>旷课</strong> (kuàng kè), and <strong>请假</strong> (qǐng jià). When would you use each one?
常见问题
10 个问题缺课 (quē kè) is a general term for missing class, which can be for valid reasons like illness or family emergencies. It's a neutral term. 旷课 (kuàng kè), however, specifically refers to skipping class without permission or playing truant. It carries a negative connotation and implies an unauthorized absence. For example, if you are sick, you 缺课. If you deliberately skip class, you 旷课.
请假 (qǐng jià) means 'to ask for leave'. It's the action of requesting permission to be absent from class. 缺课 (quē kè) is the actual state of being absent. You 请假 to get permission for your absence, and if approved, you will then 缺课. If you miss class without asking for leave, you 缺课 without 请假.
Yes, absolutely. 缺课 (quē kè) is used for any scheduled educational session, whether it's a primary school class, a high school lecture, or a university seminar. The context of formal instruction is key.
Frequent 缺课 (quē kè) can lead to several consequences. Academically, the student might fall behind in their studies and their grades could suffer. Schools often have attendance policies, and excessive absences may result in disciplinary actions, a requirement for parental involvement, or even impact graduation eligibility. The term 频繁缺课 (pínfán quē kè - frequent absence from class) is often used in this context.
Yes, the common phrase is 补上缺课 (bǔ shàng quē kè) or simply 补课 (bǔ kè), which means 'to make up for missed lessons' or 'to have a make-up class'. For example, '我需要补上缺课的内容。' (Wǒ xūyào bǔ shàng quē kè de nèiróng.) - 'I need to catch up on the content I missed due to absence.'
Not always, but it's very common when referring to a specific past instance of absence. For example, '我昨天缺课了。' (I missed class yesterday.) is standard. However, when discussing the general concept or a rule, '了' might be omitted: '学校对缺课有规定。' (The school has regulations regarding missing class.)
Yes, the term 缺课 (quē kè) can be applied to missing online classes or virtual lectures as well, as it refers to missing a scheduled instructional session regardless of the format.
The pronunciation is 'quē kè'. 缺 (quē) has a high, rising tone (4th tone), and 课 (kè) has a high, falling tone (1st tone). It's important to get the tones right for clear communication.
Yes, 旷课 (kuàng kè) is used for skipping class without permission, and 缺席 (quē xí) is a more general term for absence from any event. In informal speech, people might say 没去上课 (méi qù shàng kè - didn't go to class).
缺课 (quē kè) is generally considered a neutral to formal term. It's the standard and most appropriate word to use in academic settings, official communications, and when discussing attendance seriously. While students might use simpler phrases in very casual chats, 缺课 is universally understood and accepted.
自我测试 10 个问题
/ 10 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
<strong>缺课</strong> (quē kè) is the essential Chinese verb for 'to miss class' or 'to be absent from a lesson'. It's widely used in all educational settings, from primary school to university, by students, teachers, and parents alike. Understanding its usage is fundamental for discussing school attendance and academic matters in Chinese. For example: '我因为生病<strong>缺课</strong>了。' (Wǒ yīnwèi shēng bìng <strong>quē kè</strong> le.) - 'I missed class because I was sick.'
- <strong>缺课</strong> (quē kè) means to miss class or be absent from a lesson.
- It's a common verb used in educational contexts.
- Can be due to illness, family matters, or other reasons.
- Used by students, teachers, and parents.
- Standard term for absence from scheduled classes.
Master the Tones
The tones are crucial for 缺课 (quē kè). 缺 (quē) is 4th tone (falling), and 课 (kè) is 1st tone (high and flat). Practice saying 'quē kè' repeatedly, focusing on the pitch and contour of each syllable. Mispronouncing the tones can lead to misunderstandings.
Use '了' (le) Correctly
When referring to a specific instance of missing class in the past, it's very common and natural to add the particle '了' (le) after 缺课. For example, '我昨天缺课了。' (I missed class yesterday.) This indicates a completed action.
Understand the Context
缺课 (quē kè) is specifically for educational settings. Avoid using it for missing meetings, appointments, or social events. For those situations, use words like 缺席 (quē xí) or 错过 (cuòguò - to miss).
Distinguish from 旷课 (kuàng kè)
Remember that 旷课 (kuàng kè) implies skipping class without permission (truancy), while 缺课 (quē kè) is a more general term that includes absences for valid reasons. Use 缺课 for illness or emergencies, and 旷课 for deliberate, unauthorized absence.
相关内容
更多academic词汇
缺席
B1在应到之处缺席。
抽象的
A2指从许多事物中舍弃个别的、非本质的属性，抽出共同的、本质的属性的过程。
抽象地
B1In an abstract manner; conceptually.
艰深
B1Profound; abstruse; recondite.
学术性
A2Academic; scholarly; relating to education and scholarship.
学术化
B1学术化：指使某项事物具有学术性质或符合学术规范的过程。
学术会议
A2Academic conference; a formal meeting for academic discussions.
学术交流
B1Exchange of ideas, information, and research among scholars.
学术期刊
B1学术期刊是指刊登学术论文的定期出版物。
教务处
A2Academic affairs office; department handling educational administration.
