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B1 中级 英语 18:19 Educational

Brain Hack: 6 secrets to learning faster, backed by neuroscience | Lila Landowski | TEDxHobart

TEDx Talks · 7,305,685 次观看 · 添加于 3 周前

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字幕 (328 片段)

00:00

Transcriber: Anna Kalynchuk Reviewer: Michael Nystrom

00:19

I'm angry.

00:22

And I’m angry because I wish I knew this when I was younger.

00:28

So I’m a neuroscientist and a lecturer.

00:30

And as a neuroscientist,

00:31

I study the brain and the nerves that span out into the body.

00:34

And as a lecturer, I teach the next generation of healthcare professionals.

00:39

And look, I see some students struggle with their learning,

00:44

especially the older ones, but it’s not their fault.

00:47

You know, we don't get taught how to learn.

00:49

We just kind of expect it to happen.

00:52

And I think the worst curse of all really is it gets harder to learn as we age.

00:58

But what if I told you that there are things that we can do

01:02

to learn faster and more effectively?

01:06

I’m going to take you through the neuroscience

01:08

behind six critical ingredients that can help you learn faster:

01:11

attention, alertness, sleep,

01:15

repetition, breaks, and mistakes.

01:21

Now, first things first. How do we actually learn?

01:23

We need neuroplasticity to happen.

01:25

So neuroplasticity is the scientific term that essentially means

01:29

our brain’s ability to physically change in response to experience.

01:34

So when we’re learning something, whether it’s learning information or

01:38

learning a skill,

01:40

tiny little connections called synapses

01:42

form between neighboring neurons in the brain.

01:45

And the more we do that thing, whether it’s information or a skill,

01:49

the more robust those connections become

01:51

and the better we get at doing whatever it is.

01:55

Now, what you’re looking at here

01:57

are two neurons that I filmed in a petri dish connecting.

02:01

Actually, this was a petri dish that I was about to throw away,

02:04

but I saw they were about to connect, so I quickly took this video.

02:07

Now, these incredible handlike structures here are called “growth cones,”

02:12

and every neuron has one.

02:13

They actively sense the environment around,

02:16

and they help each and every one of the 86 billion neurons in your brain

02:21

find the correct place to connect to.

02:23

So, for example, from here to here,

02:24

or here to here.

02:26

And this isn’t learning. This doesn’t represent learning.

02:29

What it represents is how our brain wires itself during development.

02:34

Now, when things go wrong with that wiring process

02:37

or when it doesn't happen in the usual way,

02:39

you can end up with things like issues with learning and memory.

02:44

Now, kids are a little bit like sponges, right?

02:48

They just seem to need to be exposed to stuff,

02:50

and they seem to remember it.

02:52

Languages, skills, sports, whatever it is, the learning just happens really quickly.

02:57

Now, have you ever met someone who’s incredibly talented,

03:00

and you just thought,

03:01

“Okay, they must have some magic thing about them

03:04

that the rest of us don’t have.”

03:06

Well, what if I told you that that's probably not true?

03:09

It mostly comes down to practice, perseverance,

03:13

and when in development, they started learning that skill.

03:17

So the earlier, the better.

03:20

And people like Serena Williams and Beethoven,

03:22

they weren't born with their skills.

03:25

They practiced, and they all actually started by age five.

03:30

So really, our ability to learn goes downhill after age five,

03:34

(Laughter)

03:36

but it certainly gets harder through our childhood, through our teens.

03:40

And once we hit our mid-twenties, it gets exponentially harder to learn.

03:46

But the good news is I’m going to tell you what you can do about it

03:49

because there are things you can do.

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