هذه الصفحة بلغتك

English

فارسی

Deutsch

Español

Français

日本語

한국어

Português

中文

हिन्दी

B1 adjective #6,000 الأكثر شيوعاً 17 دقيقة للقراءة

furchtsam

الأكثر شيوعاً #6,000

تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح furchtsam في 30 ثانية

الشرح furchtsam in your Level:

At the A1 level, you are just beginning to learn German. You probably know the word 'Angst' (fear) and maybe the phrase 'Ich habe Angst' (I am afraid). The word 'furchtsam' is a bit more advanced, but you can think of it as a special way to say 'scared'. If a person is 'furchtsam', they are scared very easily. For example, a small child who is afraid of the dark is 'furchtsam'. Or a little cat that runs away when you walk near it is 'furchtsam'. At this level, you don't need to use this word often, but it is good to recognize it. It comes from 'Furcht', which is another word for 'Angst'. Just remember: 'furchtsam' describes a person or an animal. It is like saying 'a scaredy-cat'. If you see this word in a book, just think 'afraid'. You can use it in simple sentences like 'Der Hund ist furchtsam' (The dog is fearful). It is an adjective, so it describes things. Don't worry about the long grammar rules yet; just try to remember that 'furchtsam' means someone is naturally afraid of things. It is a useful word for describing characters in simple stories or talking about shy pets. Learning this word now will help you later when you want to describe people's personalities more deeply. It is a good building block for your German vocabulary because it shows how German uses suffixes like '-sam' to change nouns into adjectives. Even at A1, you can see that 'Furcht' + 'sam' = 'full of fear'. This is a common pattern in German that you will see many more times as you continue your learning journey.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the A2 level, you are starting to describe people and their characters in more detail. The word 'furchtsam' is very useful for this. While you probably use 'ängstlich' most of the time to say someone is afraid, 'furchtsam' gives you a more specific way to describe a person's nature. A 'furchtsamer Mensch' is someone who is generally fearful. They might be afraid of many things, like the dark, loud noises, or meeting new people. At this level, you should start to notice how 'furchtsam' is used in sentences. For example: 'Mein kleiner Bruder ist sehr furchtsam, er schläft immer mit Licht.' (My little brother is very fearful, he always sleeps with the light on). You should also be careful not to confuse 'furchtsam' with 'furchtbar'. 'Furchtbar' means 'terrible' or 'scary'. So, a 'furchtbarer Film' is a scary movie, but a 'furchtsamer Zuschauer' is a scared viewer. This is a common mistake for A2 students. Another important thing at this level is learning how to use 'furchtsam' with nouns. You have to add the correct endings. For example: 'ein furchtsamer Hund' (a fearful dog) or 'eine furchtsame Katze' (a fearful cat). You can also use 'furchtsam' to describe animals in nature. Many small animals are 'furchtsam' because they have to be careful. By using 'furchtsam' instead of just 'ängstlich', you show that you are starting to understand different shades of meaning in German. It makes your descriptions more interesting and accurate. Try to use it the next time you are describing a character in a story or a shy person you know. It is a great word to have in your vocabulary as you move toward the B1 level.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the B1 level, you are expected to handle more complex descriptions and understand the nuances between similar words. 'Furchtsam' is a key word for this level because it allows you to distinguish between a temporary feeling and a permanent character trait. While 'ängstlich' can describe both, 'furchtsam' is almost always about a person's disposition. If you say 'Er ist heute ängstlich', it might just be because he has a test. But if you say 'Er ist ein furchtsamer Mensch', you are saying that fear is a part of who he is. At B1, you should also be comfortable using 'furchtsam' with the preposition 'vor' and the dative case. For example: 'Sie ist furchtsam vor Veränderungen' (She is fearful of changes). This construction is very common and helps you express what specifically triggers someone's fearful nature. You will also encounter 'furchtsam' more often in reading texts, such as short stories or news articles. It is often used to describe a cautious reaction to something new or unknown. For instance, 'Die Anleger reagierten furchtsam auf die Krise' (The investors reacted fearfully to the crisis). This shows that the word can be used for groups and abstract concepts like 'the market', not just for individuals. You should also start to recognize synonyms like 'zaghaft' (hesitant) and understand that 'furchtsam' is the root of the behavior, while 'zaghaft' is the behavior itself. Mastering 'furchtsam' at the B1 level means you can provide more detailed psychological profiles of people and better understand the subtext of the German texts you read. It is a word that adds depth to your speaking and writing, moving you away from simple, repetitive vocabulary toward a more sophisticated and precise use of the German language.

At the B2 level, your understanding of 'furchtsam' should be quite sophisticated. You should be able to use it in a variety of registers, from formal writing to literature analysis. At this level, you recognize that 'furchtsam' is often a more literary or formal choice than 'ängstlich'. It carries a certain weight and can evoke a specific atmosphere. For example, in a literary analysis, you might discuss a character's 'furchtsames Wesen' (fearful nature) and how it drives the plot. You should also be able to use the noun form 'die Furchtsamkeit' to discuss the concept of fearfulness in an abstract way. 'Seine Furchtsamkeit hinderte ihn daran, seine Träume zu verwirklichen' (His fearfulness prevented him from realizing his dreams). Furthermore, at B2, you should be aware of the subtle differences between 'furchtsam', 'scheu', and 'zaghaft'. While 'furchtsam' is about the internal state of fear, 'scheu' is more about social shyness or animal-like skittishness, and 'zaghaft' is about the hesitant way someone acts. You can use these words together to create a very precise picture: 'Er war ein scheuer und furchtsamer Mann, der nur zaghaft seine Meinung äußerte.' This level of precision is what distinguishes a B2 speaker. You should also be able to use 'furchtsam' adverbially to describe actions: 'Er betrat furchtsam das Podium.' This adds a layer of descriptive detail to your narrative. In professional contexts, 'furchtsam' can be used to describe a cautious or risk-averse strategy. 'Die Firma verfolgt eine furchtsame Expansionspolitik.' Here, it implies a critique of being too cautious. Overall, at B2, 'furchtsam' is a versatile tool in your linguistic toolkit, allowing for nuanced descriptions and critical analysis across many different domains.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the C1 level, you are moving toward a near-native command of the language, and your use of 'furchtsam' should reflect this. You understand not only the direct meaning and grammatical patterns of the word but also its historical and philosophical connotations. You might encounter 'furchtsam' in the works of great German writers like Kafka or Mann, where it is used to describe the existential state of their protagonists. At this level, you can appreciate the rhythmic and stylistic qualities of the word. For example, the contrast between the hard 'f' sound and the soft '-sam' suffix creates a phonetic profile that can be used to great effect in poetry or high-level prose. You should also be able to use 'furchtsam' in complex, idiomatic ways and understand its role in compound words and specialized terminology. For instance, in a discussion about sociology, you might analyze a 'furchtsame Gesellschaft' (a fearful society) and how it reacts to globalization or technological advancement. This usage goes beyond simple character description and enters the realm of social critique. You should also be comfortable with the word's placement in highly complex sentence structures, such as extended adjective phrases: 'Die durch jahrelange Unterdrückung furchtsam gewordene Bevölkerung wagte kaum den Protest.' (The population, made fearful by years of oppression, hardly dared to protest). At C1, you also recognize when 'furchtsam' is being used ironically or to create a specific rhetorical effect. You can distinguish it from more clinical psychological terms like 'Phobie' or 'Angststörung', using 'furchtsam' to describe a more general, characterological trait. Your ability to deploy 'furchtsam' with such precision and awareness of its stylistic impact is a hallmark of your advanced proficiency. You see the word not just as a label for an emotion, but as a thread in the larger tapestry of German culture and thought.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the C2 level, your mastery of 'furchtsam' is complete. You understand the word in all its depth, including its etymological roots in Old and Middle High German and its evolution through the centuries. You can discuss the word's relationship to the concept of 'Furcht' in German philosophy, perhaps comparing it to the 'Angst' described by existentialists like Martin Heidegger. You recognize that while 'Angst' is often seen as a fundamental human condition in German thought, 'Furcht' (and thus 'furchtsam') is directed toward the world and its specific dangers. This distinction allows you to engage in high-level academic or philosophical discourse. You can also use 'furchtsam' with extreme stylistic sensitivity, knowing exactly when its slightly archaic or literary tone will provide the perfect nuance in a speech, an essay, or a work of creative writing. You might use it to evoke the atmosphere of a specific historical period or to pay homage to a particular literary style. Your command of the word's declension, prepositional use, and adverbial forms is instinctive and flawless. You can effortlessly integrate it into the most complex and sophisticated sentence structures. Furthermore, you are aware of the word's potential for subtle irony, sarcasm, or poetic metaphor. You might describe a 'furchtsame Stille' (a fearful silence) or a 'furchtsames Licht' (a fearful light), using the word to imbue inanimate objects or abstract states with human emotion. At this level, 'furchtsam' is no longer just a vocabulary item; it is a flexible and powerful instrument that you use to express the finest shades of meaning and to contribute to the ongoing evolution of the German language itself. You are a master of the word's many resonances, using it to communicate with a level of depth and sophistication that is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح

furchtsam في 30 ثانية

Furchtsam means fearful or timid, describing a person's natural tendency to be easily scared or cautious in many situations.
It is a B1-level adjective derived from 'Furcht' (fear) and the suffix '-sam' (inclined to), indicating a character trait.
Commonly used in literature and formal contexts, it is more descriptive of personality than the everyday word 'ängstlich'.
Grammatically, it follows standard adjective declension and is frequently paired with the preposition 'vor' plus the dative case.

The German adjective furchtsam is a rich, descriptive term that translates primarily to 'fearful,' 'timid,' or 'easily frightened' in English. To truly grasp its essence, one must look at its morphological construction. It is composed of the noun die Furcht (fear) and the suffix -sam, which functions similarly to the English suffix '-some' (as in 'tiresome' or 'awesome') or '-ful'. This suffix indicates a tendency, a characteristic, or a disposition. Therefore, furchtsam does not just describe someone who is currently experiencing fear, but rather someone whose character is naturally inclined toward being afraid or cautious. It is an internal state that manifests as a personality trait. In the landscape of German emotions, furchtsam occupies a space between the common ängstlich (anxious/fearful) and the more literary zaghaft (hesitant/timid). While ängstlich is the word you will hear most often in daily conversation to describe someone who is scared of a specific thing (like a spider or an exam), furchtsam carries a slightly more formal, literary, or even archaic weight. It suggests a deep-seated vulnerability. When you call a person furchtsam, you are often describing their 'Gemüt'—their soul or temperament. It is the word used for the hero in a fairy tale who has not yet found his courage, or for a small woodland creature that starts at every rustle of the leaves. In modern usage, it is frequently applied to children or animals to describe a gentle, shy nature that is easily overwhelmed by loud noises or new environments. Understanding the nuance between Furcht (fear of something specific) and Angst (generalized anxiety) is key here; furchtsam is the adjective of that specific fear, implying that the person sees the world as a place full of specific threats. This word is essential for B1 learners who wish to move beyond basic vocabulary and start describing character traits with more precision. It allows for a more empathetic description of someone's personality, moving away from the clinical 'anxious' toward a more descriptive 'fearful-natured'.

Character Trait: Furchtsam describes a person who is naturally inclined to feel fear in many situations.
Literary Tone: Often used in stories, fairy tales, and psychological descriptions rather than slang.

Das furchtsame Kind traute sich nicht, das dunkle Zimmer zu betreten.

The word's history is deeply rooted in Middle High German 'vorhtsam', where it already carried the meaning of being 'full of fear'. In the context of German history, where the concept of 'Angst' has been philosophically analyzed by thinkers like Heidegger and Kierkegaard, 'Furcht' (and thus 'furchtsam') remains the more concrete counterpart. If you are 'furchtsam', you are reacting to the world's perceived dangers. It is also worth noting that 'furchtsam' is often used in a comparative sense to highlight growth. A character might start a journey as 'furchtsam' but end it as 'mutig' (brave). This transition is a staple of German 'Bildungsroman' (coming-of-age novels). Furthermore, the word can be used to describe the atmosphere of a place or a collective mood. A 'furchtsame Stimmung' (a fearful mood) might describe a group of people waiting for bad news. This versatility makes it a powerful tool for any writer or speaker who wants to evoke a specific emotional landscape. It is not just about the fear itself, but about the sensitivity that leads to that fear. A 'furchtsamer Mensch' is often a very sensitive person who perceives threats that others might ignore. This adds a layer of complexity to the word: it is not necessarily a negative trait, but can also imply a heightened state of awareness or a cautious approach to life that prevents unnecessary risks.

Ein furchtsamer Blick verriet seine tiefe Unsicherheit.

In a sociological context, 'furchtsam' can describe a society's reaction to change. When a population is described as 'furchtsam' regarding new technology or social shifts, it implies a collective hesitation rooted in a desire for safety. This is distinct from being 'feige' (cowardly). 'Feige' is a moral judgment, suggesting a lack of character, whereas 'furchtsam' is a psychological description of an emotional state. You can be 'furchtsam' and still be a good person; it is simply how you process the world. In nature, 'furchtsam' is the default state of many animals. A 'furchtsames Reh' (a fearful deer) is doing exactly what it should do to survive. This biological aspect of the word reinforces its meaning as a natural, almost instinctive tendency toward caution. In summary, 'furchtsam' is a word that bridges the gap between simple emotion and complex character traits, offering a nuanced way to describe the human and animal experience of the world as a potentially dangerous place.

Trotz seiner furchtsamen Natur stellte er sich der Gefahr.

Synonym comparison: Ängstlich is for the moment; furchtsam is for the personality.

Rehe sind von Natur aus sehr furchtsam.

Ultimately, mastering 'furchtsam' allows a German learner to express a specific kind of vulnerability. It is a word that invites empathy rather than judgment. Whether you are describing a character in a book, a shy pet, or a cautious friend, 'furchtsam' provides a level of descriptive depth that 'ängstlich' cannot quite reach. It is a testament to the German language's ability to categorize human emotions into fine, distinct shades, allowing for a more precise communication of what it means to be afraid.

Using furchtsam correctly in a sentence requires an understanding of its role as an adjective. Like most German adjectives, it can be used in three primary ways: attributively (before a noun), predicatively (after a linking verb), and adverbially (describing an action). When used attributively, it must take the appropriate adjective ending based on the gender, case, and number of the noun it precedes. For example, in the nominative masculine, 'a fearful man' would be 'ein furchtsamer Mann'. In the dative feminine, 'with a fearful woman' becomes 'mit einer furchtsamen Frau'. This declension is one of the main hurdles for B1 learners, but because 'furchtsam' follows the standard weak, strong, and mixed declension patterns, it serves as excellent practice. When used predicatively, it remains undeclined: 'Der Junge ist furchtsam' (The boy is fearful). This is the simplest way to use the word and is very common in descriptive prose. The adverbial use, 'Er blickte furchtsam um sich' (He looked around fearfully), is also quite frequent and helps to paint a vivid picture of a character's actions and internal state simultaneously.

Attributive Use: Used before the noun: 'Die furchtsame Katze rannte weg.'
Predicative Use: Used after 'sein' or 'werden': 'Warum bist du so furchtsam?'

Sie gab eine furchtsame Antwort, während sie zu Boden sah.

One of the nuances of using 'furchtsam' in a sentence is its compatibility with certain prepositions. Often, people are fearful *of* something. In German, this is expressed using the preposition 'vor' followed by the dative case. For example, 'Er ist furchtsam vor der Zukunft' (He is fearful of the future). This construction is very similar to 'Angst haben vor', but 'furchtsam sein vor' sounds more formal and emphasizes the trait of fearfulness rather than the momentary feeling of fear. Another common pattern is using 'furchtsam' in comparative structures. 'Er ist furchtsamer als sein Bruder' (He is more fearful than his brother). The superlative, 'am furchtsamsten', is used to describe the most timid person in a group. 'Von allen Welpen war dieser der furchtsamste.' These grammatical structures allow you to place 'furchtsam' into a variety of contexts, from simple descriptions to complex psychological comparisons.

Man sollte nicht zu furchtsam sein, wenn man neue Wege geht.

In more advanced sentence structures, 'furchtsam' can be part of an extended adjective phrase. For example: 'Der seit seiner Kindheit furchtsame Mann mied jede Form von Risiko' (The man, who had been fearful since his childhood, avoided every form of risk). This level of complexity is typical of German literary style and shows how 'furchtsam' can be used to build deep character profiles. You can also use it with 'allzu' (all too) to express that someone is excessively fearful: 'Sei nicht allzu furchtsam!' (Don't be too fearful!). This is a common way to give advice or encouragement. Additionally, 'furchtsam' can be paired with 'reagieren' (to react) to describe how someone handles a situation: 'Er reagierte furchtsam auf die laute Musik.' This adverbial usage is perfect for adding detail to your storytelling or reports.

Die furchtsamen Vögel flogen beim kleinsten Geräusch davon.

Comparison: furchtsam -> furchtsamer -> am furchtsamsten

Er ist der furchtsamste Mensch, den ich kenne.

Finally, consider the difference between 'furchtsam' and 'furchtbar'. This is a common point of confusion for learners. While 'furchtsam' describes the person *feeling* fear, 'furchtbar' describes something that *causes* fear (terrible). You would never say 'Die furchtbare Katze' if you mean the cat is scared; that would mean the cat is terrifying! Always ensure that 'furchtsam' is being applied to the subject that is experiencing the emotion. By paying attention to these small details, you can use 'furchtsam' to significantly enhance the quality and accuracy of your German sentences.

While furchtsam might not be the first word a teenager uses in a Berlin nightclub, it is ubiquitous in other areas of German life. You will most frequently encounter it in literature, especially in classic works and children's stories. German culture has a long tradition of 'Märchen' (fairy tales), and 'furchtsam' is a key vocabulary word in these narratives. It describes the characters who must overcome their nature to achieve greatness. If you listen to an audiobook of the Brothers Grimm, you will undoubtedly hear 'furchtsam' used to describe a protagonist who is 'furchtsam und zaghaft' (fearful and hesitant). Beyond the world of fiction, 'furchtsam' appears in psychological and educational contexts. A teacher might describe a student as 'furchtsam' in a pedagogical report to suggest that the child needs more encouragement and a supportive environment to flourish. This usage is professional and nuanced, avoiding the more blunt 'ängstlich'.

Literature: Found in fairy tales, novels, and poetry to describe character traits.
Education/Psychology: Used by professionals to describe a child's temperament or a patient's disposition.

In vielen Märchen ist der Held zu Beginn noch furchtsam.

Another place where 'furchtsam' is common is in news media and political commentary. When journalists describe a 'furchtsame Reaktion' of the stock market or a 'furchtsame Politik' (fearful policy), they are criticizing a lack of boldness or a tendency to act out of worry rather than vision. Here, 'furchtsam' takes on a slightly more negative, critical tone, implying that the caution being exercised is excessive or counterproductive. You might also hear it in documentaries about wildlife. The narrator might describe a specific species as 'furchtsam', explaining how its behavior is dictated by the need to avoid predators. This context reinforces the idea of 'furchtsam' as an inherent, survival-oriented trait. Even in daily life, an older person might use 'furchtsam' to describe their feelings about the modern world or new technologies, using the word to express a deep-seated, perhaps even nostalgic, caution.

Die Märkte reagierten furchtsam auf die neuen Wirtschaftszahlen.

In religious or philosophical discussions, 'furchtsam' can appear in the context of 'Gottesfurcht' (fear of God). While 'gottesfürchtig' is the standard adjective for 'god-fearing', a person's general 'furchtsame' nature might be discussed in relation to their spiritual life. Furthermore, if you watch German dubbed movies, you'll notice 'furchtsam' is often used to translate English words like 'timid', 'skittish', or 'fearful' when the character being described is a bit more complex than just 'scared'. It adds a layer of sophistication to the character's voice. Even in songs, particularly in the 'Liedermacher' (singer-songwriter) tradition or classical 'Lieder' by composers like Schubert or Schumann, the word 'furchtsam' is used to evoke a specific, often melancholic or vulnerable, mood. It is a word that carries the weight of the human heart's many tremors.

Ein furchtsames Herz findet schwerlich Ruhe.

News/Media: Used to describe market trends or political hesitation.

Das Tier ist sehr furchtsam und flieht bei Gefahr.

In summary, 'furchtsam' is a word you will hear when the topic turns to the deeper, more permanent aspects of emotion and character. It is a word of the library, the therapist's office, the nature documentary, and the evening news. By recognizing it in these diverse settings, you will gain a better appreciation for its role in the German language as a precise tool for describing the many ways we experience and exhibit fear.

The most frequent mistake English speakers make with furchtsam is confusing it with its 'cousin,' furchtbar. This is an easy error to make because they both stem from the noun Furcht. However, the suffixes -sam and -bar change the meaning in opposite directions. As mentioned before, -sam indicates the subject is *feeling* the noun (fearful), whereas -bar (like '-able') indicates the subject *causes* the noun (terrible/fear-inducing). If you say 'Mein Hund ist furchtbar,' you are saying your dog is terrible or terrifying. If you mean your dog is scared of thunder, you must say 'Mein Hund ist furchtsam.' This distinction is vital for clear communication. Another common error is using 'furchtsam' when 'ängstlich' would be more appropriate. While not technically wrong, 'furchtsam' can sound a bit overly dramatic or literary in a casual setting. If you are just trying to say you are scared of a spider, 'Ich habe Angst' or 'Ich bin ängstlich' is much more natural than 'Ich bin furchtsam.'

Confusion with 'furchtbar': furchtsam = feeling fear; furchtbar = causing fear.
Overuse in casual speech: 'Ängstlich' is usually better for everyday fears.

Falsch: Das Gewitter ist furchtsam. (The thunderstorm is fearful? No.)

Another mistake involves adjective endings. Because 'furchtsam' ends in '-sam', some learners treat it as an invariable word or forget to apply the correct declension when it's in an attributive position. Remember: 'der furchtsame Junge' (nominative), 'den furchtsamen Jungen' (accusative), 'dem furchtsamen Jungen' (dative). Skipping these endings is a hallmark of lower-level German and can make your speech harder to follow. Furthermore, learners often forget the preposition 'vor' when they want to say what someone is fearful of. They might try to use the direct object or a different preposition like 'von' or 'über'. Always pair 'furchtsam' with 'vor' + dative: 'furchtsam vor der Dunkelheit'. This is a fixed pattern that you should memorize as a single unit of meaning.

Richtig: Das Gewitter ist furchtbar. Das Kind ist furchtsam.

A more subtle mistake is failing to recognize the difference between 'furchtsam' and 'schüchtern' (shy). While they are related, they are not interchangeable. 'Schüchtern' is specifically about social situations and a lack of confidence around other people. 'Furchtsam' is broader and refers to a general tendency to be afraid, whether of people, animals, the future, or the dark. You can be 'furchtsam' but not 'schüchtern' (e.g., someone who is very outgoing but terrified of physical danger). Conversely, you can be 'schüchtern' but not 'furchtsam' (e.g., someone who is socially awkward but very brave in dangerous situations). Choosing the right word shows a high level of linguistic competence. Finally, avoid using 'furchtsam' as a noun. While 'die Furchtsamkeit' is the correct noun form, 'der Furchtsame' (the fearful one) is only used in very specific, often biblical or poetic, contexts. For a regular person, just stick to the adjective.

Falsch: Er ist furchtsam von Hunden. (Incorrect preposition.)

Preposition Error: Always use 'vor' + dative: 'furchtsam vor Hunden'.

Richtig: Er ist ein furchtsamer Mensch.

By being aware of these common pitfalls—the confusion with 'furchtbar', the over-dramatic tone in casual speech, the preposition 'vor', and the distinction from 'schüchtern'—you will be able to use 'furchtsam' with the confidence and accuracy of a near-native speaker. Take the time to practice these distinctions, and your German descriptions will become much more vibrant and precise.

German is a language of precision, especially when it comes to emotions. Therefore, furchtsam has several synonyms and alternatives, each with its own specific shade of meaning. The most common alternative is ängstlich. As discussed, ängstlich is more general and more common in daily life. If 'furchtsam' is a character trait, 'ängstlich' is the feeling. Another close relative is zaghaft. This word implies a lack of courage that manifests as hesitation or a slow, tentative way of acting. A 'zaghafte' knock on the door is quiet and uncertain. While a 'furchtsamer' person might be 'zaghaft', the words focus on different things: 'furchtsam' on the fear, 'zaghaft' on the resulting hesitation. Then there is scheu, which is often translated as 'shy' but is also used for animals that are 'skittish' or 'timid'. 'Scheu' often implies a desire to avoid contact or to hide, which is a specific behavior resulting from being 'furchtsam'.

Ängstlich: General 'scared' or 'anxious'. Used in everyday speech for temporary feelings.
Zaghaft: Hesitant or tentative. Focuses on the action (or lack thereof) caused by fear.
Scheu: Shy or skittish. Often used for animals or socially reserved people.

Statt furchtsam zu sein, sollten wir mutig vorangehen.

For more specialized contexts, you might use memmenhaft or hasenfüßig. These are more informal and carry a stronger negative judgment. 'Memmenhaft' comes from 'Memme' (sissy/coward) and is quite insulting. 'Hasenfüßig' (hare-footed) is a colorful way to say someone is quick to run away from trouble, like a rabbit. On the more formal or literary side, you have kleinmütig (small-spirited/faint-hearted), which describes someone who lacks the spirit or 'size' of character to face challenges. This is a beautiful, old-fashioned word that fits well in historical or high-literary contexts. Another interesting alternative is beunruhigt (worried/unsettled), which is a milder form of fear, more akin to being 'concerned'. If someone is 'furchtsam' about the future, they might also be 'beunruhigt' by the current news.

Sein zaghaftes Auftreten wirkte auf die anderen wenig überzeugend.

When looking for antonyms, the most direct opposite is mutig (brave). Other strong antonyms include tapfer (valiant/courageous in the face of pain or hardship), kühn (bold/daring), and furchtlos (fearless). 'Furchtlos' is the literal opposite of 'furchtsam' and is often used to describe heroes or extreme sports enthusiasts. 'Unerschrocken' (undaunted) is another powerful word, suggesting someone who cannot be shocked or startled into fear. Understanding these opposites helps to define the boundaries of 'furchtsam'. A 'furchtsamer' person is the one who 'erschrickt' (is startled) easily, whereas an 'unerschrockener' person remains calm. By learning these clusters of related words, you build a mental map of the German emotional landscape, allowing you to choose the exact right word for the situation you are describing.

Ein furchtloser Krieger kennt keine Gnade.

Kleinmütig: Lacking spirit; faint-hearted. Very literary.
Hasenfüßig: Literal 'hare-footed'. Someone who runs away at the first sign of trouble.

Sie ist keineswegs furchtsam, sondern einfach nur vorsichtig.

In summary, while 'furchtsam' is a fantastic word to have in your B1 arsenal, knowing its alternatives like 'ängstlich', 'zaghaft', and 'scheu', as well as its opposites like 'mutig' and 'furchtlos', will make you a much more flexible and precise communicator. Each of these words offers a slightly different perspective on the human experience of fear and courage, and together they allow you to describe the full range of character and emotion in German.

How Formal Is It?

حقيقة ممتعة

The suffix '-sam' is one of the oldest in the German language and is directly related to the English word 'same'. It originally meant 'having the same quality as'.

دليل النطق

UK [ˈfʊʁçtzaːm]

US [ˈfʊrçtsɑːm]

The primary stress is on the first syllable: FURCHT-sam.

يتقافى مع

achtsam wachsam langsam sparsam wirksam biegsam folgsam mühsam

أخطاء شائعة

Pronouncing the 'ch' like a 'k' (it should be soft).
Pronouncing the 's' as a voiceless 's' (it should be voiced like a 'z' in 'zebra').
Confusing the vowel length in 'sam' (it is long).
Swapping the sounds to 'frucht-sam' (which sounds like 'fruit-some').
Stress on the second syllable (incorrect).

مستوى الصعوبة

القراءة 3/5

Common in literature and news, easy to recognize from the root 'Furcht'.

الكتابة 4/5

Requires correct adjective declension and knowledge of the preposition 'vor'.

التحدث 4/5

Learners often default to 'ängstlich', so using 'furchtsam' correctly shows progress.

الاستماع 3/5

Clearly pronounced, but can be confused with 'furchtbar' if not careful.

ماذا تتعلّم بعد ذلك

المتطلبات الأساسية

Angst Furcht ängstlich mutig sein

تعلّم لاحقاً

zaghaft scheu die Furchtsamkeit furchtlos befürchten

متقدم

die Existenzangst kleinmütig unerschrocken die Ehrfurcht wagemutig

قواعد يجب معرفتها

Adjective Declension

ein furchtsamer (masc), eine furchtsame (fem), ein furchtsames (neut)

Preposition 'vor' + Dative

furchtsam vor dem (masc/neut) / der (fem) ...

Comparison of Adjectives

furchtsam - furchtsamer - am furchtsamsten

Adverbial usage

Er schaute furchtsam (no ending when used as an adverb).

Suffix '-sam'

Transforms a noun into an adjective meaning 'inclined to'.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

أمثلة حسب المستوى

Der Hund ist furchtsam.

The dog is fearful.

Simple predicative use of the adjective.

Bist du furchtsam?

Are you fearful?

Question form with 'sein'.

Das Kind ist furchtsam im Dunkeln.

The child is fearful in the dark.

Adjective with a prepositional phrase.

Ein furchtsames Tier läuft weg.

A fearful animal runs away.

Attributive use with mixed declension (nominative neuter).

Die Katze ist nicht furchtsam.

The cat is not fearful.

Negation with 'nicht'.

Er ist ein furchtsamer Junge.

He is a fearful boy.

Attributive use with mixed declension (nominative masculine).

Warum ist sie so furchtsam?

Why is she so fearful?

Question with the adverb 'so'.

Kleine Vögel sind oft furchtsam.

Small birds are often fearful.

Plural use with 'sein'.

Mein kleiner Bruder ist sehr furchtsam vor Hunden.

My little brother is very fearful of dogs.

Use of 'vor' + dative to show the object of fear.

Die furchtsame Maus versteckt sich im Loch.

The fearful mouse hides in the hole.

Attributive use with weak declension (nominative feminine).

Ich kenne einen furchtsamen Mann.

I know a fearful man.

Attributive use with mixed declension (accusative masculine).

Tiere im Wald sind furchtsamer als Haustiere.

Animals in the forest are more fearful than pets.

Comparative form 'furchtsamer'.

Sei nicht so furchtsam, es passiert nichts!

Don't be so fearful, nothing is happening!

Imperative form of 'sein'.

Wir sahen ein furchtsames Reh am Waldrand.

We saw a fearful deer at the edge of the forest.

Attributive use with mixed declension (accusative neuter).

Das furchtsame Kind wollte nicht schwimmen gehen.

The fearful child did not want to go swimming.

Weak declension with a definite article.

Sind alle Pferde so furchtsam?

Are all horses so fearful?

Plural predicative use.

Er blickte furchtsam auf die dunklen Wolken am Himmel.

He looked fearfully at the dark clouds in the sky.

Adverbial use of the adjective.

Ihre furchtsame Natur hinderte sie daran, neue Freunde zu finden.

Her fearful nature prevented her from making new friends.

Attributive use describing a character trait ('Natur').

Trotz seiner furchtsamen Art ging er in den Keller.

Despite his fearful nature, he went into the basement.

Use of the preposition 'trotz' + genitive.

Die furchtsamen Anleger verkauften schnell ihre Aktien.

The fearful investors quickly sold their stocks.

Plural weak declension with definite article.

Es ist normal, in einer neuen Stadt etwas furchtsam zu sein.

It is normal to be a bit fearful in a new city.

Infinitive clause with 'zu sein'.

Warum reagierst du immer so furchtsam auf Kritik?

Why do you always react so fearfully to criticism?

Adverbial use with the verb 'reagieren'.

Das furchtsamste Tier in diesem Zoo ist das Erdmännchen.

The most fearful animal in this zoo is the meerkat.

Superlative form 'am furchtsamsten' (used attributively here).

Sie sprach mit einer furchtsamen Stimme.

She spoke with a fearful voice.

Attributive use with mixed declension (dative feminine).

Die furchtsame Haltung der Regierung wurde von der Presse kritisiert.

The government's fearful stance was criticized by the press.

Abstract usage in a political context.

Manche Menschen sind furchtsam vor dem Unbekannten.

Some people are fearful of the unknown.

Nominalized adjective 'das Unbekannte'.

Er war zu furchtsam, um das Risiko einzugehen.

He was too fearful to take the risk.

Adverb 'zu' + adjective + 'um...zu' construction.

Die furchtsame Stille im Raum war kaum zu ertragen.

The fearful silence in the room was almost unbearable.

Metaphorical use describing an atmosphere.

Sie wirkte furchtsamer, als sie eigentlich war.

She seemed more fearful than she actually was.

Comparative with 'als' and 'eigentlich'.

Furchtsame Seelen neigen dazu, sich zu verstecken.

Fearful souls tend to hide.

Literary plural usage.

Seine furchtsame Reaktion verriet seine wahren Gefühle.

His fearful reaction betrayed his true feelings.

Attributive use with possessive pronoun.

Das Pferd wurde durch den lauten Knall furchtsam.

The horse became fearful because of the loud bang.

Use of 'werden' to show a change in state.

Die durch die Krise furchtsam gewordene Bevölkerung verlangte nach Sicherheit.

The population, which had become fearful due to the crisis, demanded security.

Extended adjective phrase (Partizipialattribut).

Es ist ein furchtsames Unterfangen, die Wahrheit allein zu suchen.

It is a fearful undertaking to seek the truth alone.

Usage with an abstract noun ('Unterfangen').

Er verbarg seine Furchtsamkeit hinter einer Maske der Arroganz.

He hid his fearfulness behind a mask of arrogance.

Noun form 'Furchtsamkeit'.

In der Literatur wird der furchtsame Antiheld oft als Spiegel der Gesellschaft genutzt.

In literature, the fearful anti-hero is often used as a mirror of society.

Academic/literary context.

Die furchtsame Erwartung des Schlimmsten lähmte seine Entscheidungsfähigkeit.

The fearful expectation of the worst paralyzed his ability to make decisions.

Complex noun phrase with genitive.

Trotz aller Vorsicht blieb ein furchtsamer Rest an Zweifel bestehen.

Despite all caution, a fearful remnant of doubt remained.

Metaphorical use with 'Zweifel'.

Das Gedicht beschreibt die furchtsame Schönheit eines Sonnenaufgangs nach dem Krieg.

The poem describes the fearful beauty of a sunrise after the war.

Oxymoron/literary usage.

Sie blickte furchtsam auf das Erbe, das sie antreten sollte.

She looked fearfully at the legacy she was supposed to take on.

Adverbial use in a complex context.

Die existenzielle Furchtsamkeit des Individuums ist ein zentrales Thema der Moderne.

The individual's existential fearfulness is a central theme of modernity.

Philosophical/academic register.

Er agierte mit einer furchtsamen Akribie, die jeden Fortschritt im Keim erstickte.

He acted with a fearful meticulousness that nipped any progress in the bud.

Highly sophisticated vocabulary and metaphor.

In den furchtsamen Winkeln seines Geistes hausten alte Dämonen.

In the fearful corners of his mind lived old demons.

Poetic/metaphorical usage.

Die furchtsame Unterwürfigkeit der Untertanen war das Fundament seiner Macht.

The fearful submissiveness of the subjects was the foundation of his power.

Political/historical analysis.

Man kann die furchtsame Natur des Menschen nicht durch bloße Logik überwinden.

One cannot overcome the fearful nature of humans through mere logic.

Abstract philosophical statement.

Seine furchtsame Weigerung, sich der Realität zu stellen, führte letztlich zur Katastrophe.

His fearful refusal to face reality ultimately led to catastrophe.

Complex sentence with infinitive clause.

Das furchtsame Flackern der Kerze spiegelte ihre eigene innere Unruhe wider.

The fearful flickering of the candle reflected her own inner unrest.

Personification in literature.

Eine furchtsame Gesellschaft neigt dazu, ihre Freiheit für vermeintliche Sicherheit aufzugeben.

A fearful society tends to give up its freedom for supposed security.

Sociological commentary.

تلازمات شائعة

ein furchtsames Wesen

furchtsam reagieren

furchtsam vor etwas sein

ein furchtsamer Blick

allzu furchtsam

furchtsame Stille

furchtsames Herz

von Natur aus furchtsam

furchtsame Gedanken

furchtsame Politik

العبارات الشائعة

Furchtsam wie ein Reh

— Extremely shy or easily startled, like a deer.

Sie ist furchtsam wie ein Reh, wenn sie Fremde trifft.

Ein furchtsames Gemüt haben

— To have a fearful or sensitive temperament.

Er hat ein furchtsames Gemüt und meidet laute Feste.

Sich furchtsam zurückziehen

— To retreat or hide because of fear.

Das Kind zog sich furchtsam in sein Zimmer zurück.

Furchtsam um sich blicken

— To look around nervously or fearfully.

Er blickte furchtsam um sich, als er den Wald betrat.

Kein furchtsamer Mensch sein

— To be someone who is not easily scared.

Ich bin eigentlich kein furchtsamer Mensch, aber das war gruselig.

Furchtsam vor der Zukunft sein

— To be afraid of what is to come.

Viele Menschen sind furchtsam vor der Zukunft.

Eine furchtsame Seele

— A poetic way to describe a fearful person.

Sie ist eine furchtsame Seele, die Schutz braucht.

Furchtsamkeit überwinden

— To overcome one's fearful nature.

Er musste seine Furchtsamkeit überwinden, um die Rede zu halten.

Allzu furchtsam handeln

— To act with excessive caution.

Wir dürfen in dieser Krise nicht allzu furchtsam handeln.

Furchtsam vor Schatten sein

— To be afraid of even small or imaginary things.

Er ist so furchtsam, dass er sogar vor seinem eigenen Schatten Angst hat.

يُخلط عادةً مع

furchtsam vs furchtbar

Furchtbar means 'terrible' or 'scary' (causes fear). Furchtsam means 'fearful' (feels fear).

furchtsam vs fürchterlich

Similar to furchtbar; it means 'dreadful' or 'awful'. Do not use it to describe a person's timid nature.

furchtsam vs fruchtbar

Means 'fertile'. A common spelling mistake for learners!

تعبيرات اصطلاحية

"Ein Angsthase sein"

— To be a 'scaredy-cat' or a coward.

Sei kein Angsthase, spring ins Wasser!

Informal

"Den Schwanz einziehen"

— To 'tuck one's tail' and back down out of fear.

Als es ernst wurde, zog er den Schwanz ein.

Informal

"Schiss haben"

— To be very scared (vulgarly).

Ich hab voll Schiss vor der Prüfung.

Slang

"Sich ins Hemd machen"

— To be extremely nervous or scared.

Mach dir nicht ins Hemd, es ist nur ein kleiner Hund.

Informal

"Zittern wie Espenlaub"

— To shake like a leaf out of fear or cold.

Er zitterte wie Espenlaub, als er die Nachricht hörte.

Neutral

"Das Herz in die Hose rutschen"

— To lose one's heart/courage; to be suddenly very scared.

Mir rutschte das Herz in die Hose, als ich den Bären sah.

Informal

"Blass vor Neid/Angst werden"

— To turn pale with envy/fear.

Er wurde blass vor Angst.

Neutral

"Keinen Mumm haben"

— To have no guts or courage.

Du hast einfach keinen Mumm, es ihr zu sagen.

Informal

"Die Flucht nach vorne antreten"

— To tackle a problem head-on because of fear (offensive defense).

Statt sich zu verstecken, trat er die Flucht nach vorne an.

Neutral

"In Schockstarre verfallen"

— To be paralyzed with fear or shock.

Das Tier verfiel in Schockstarre.

Neutral

سهل الخلط

furchtsam vs ängstlich

Both mean 'fearful'.

Ängstlich is more common and can be temporary. Furchtsam is more about a character trait.

Ich bin ängstlich (now). Er ist furchtsam (always).

furchtsam vs schüchtern

Both describe someone who holds back.

Schüchtern is social shyness. Furchtsam is a general tendency to be afraid of anything.

Ein schüchternes Kind spricht nicht. Ein furchtsames Kind hat Angst vor dem Hund.

furchtsam vs zaghaft

Both involve a lack of courage.

Zaghaft describes the hesitant way someone acts. Furchtsam describes the internal state of fear.

Er gab eine zaghafte Antwort.

furchtsam vs scheu

Both mean 'timid'.

Scheu is often used for animals or people who avoid contact. Furchtsam is a broader term for being easily scared.

Das Reh ist scheu.

furchtsam vs vorsichtig

Both involve avoiding risk.

Vorsichtig is positive (cautious/careful). Furchtsam is more about the emotion of fear.

Sei vorsichtig beim Autofahren!

أنماط الجُمل

[Subject] ist furchtsam.

Der Hund ist furchtsam.

Ein [Adjective-Ending] [Noun] ist furchtsam.

Ein kleiner Hund ist furchtsam.

[Subject] ist furchtsam vor [Dative Noun].

Er ist furchtsam vor der Prüfung.

[Subject] [Verb] furchtsam.

Sie blickte furchtsam um sich.

Wegen [Genitive Noun] ist [Subject] furchtsam.

Wegen des Gewitters ist das Kind furchtsam.

[Subject] wird furchtsam, wenn...

Er wird furchtsam, wenn es dunkel wird.

Die [Extended Adjective Phrase] Person...

Die vor der Zukunft furchtsame Person...

[Abstract Noun] zeugt von [Dative Noun] Furchtsamkeit.

Sein Zögern zeugt von tiefer Furchtsamkeit.

عائلة الكلمة

الأسماء

die Furcht (fear)

die Furchtsamkeit (fearfulness)

die Ehrfurcht (awe/reverence)

die Gottesfurcht (fear of God)

الأفعال

fürchten (to fear)

befürchten (to fear/suspect)

sich fürchten (to be afraid)

الصفات

furchtbar (terrible)

furchtlos (fearless)

fürchterlich (dreadful)

furchterregend (terrifying)

مرتبط

die Angst

ängstlich

die Zaghaftigkeit

das Hasenherz

der Angsthase

سجّل مجاناً لرؤية جميع الأمثلة

كيفية الاستخدام

frequency

Common in literature, fairy tales, and psychological reports. Less common in casual slang.

أخطاء شائعة

Das Gewitter ist furchtsam. → Das Gewitter ist furchtbar.
The thunderstorm is scary (causes fear), it doesn't feel fear itself.
Er ist furchtsam von Hunden. → Er ist furchtsam vor Hunden.
The correct preposition for 'fearful of' is 'vor' + dative.
Ich bin ein furchtsam Kind. → Ich bin ein furchtsames Kind.
Adjectives before nouns must have the correct ending (mixed declension, neuter).
Sie ist schüchtern vor der Dunkelheit. → Sie ist furchtsam vor der Dunkelheit.
'Schüchtern' is for social situations. For fear of objects or concepts, use 'furchtsam'.
Sein fruchtbarer Blick... → Sein furchtsamer Blick...
'Fruchtbar' means fertile. 'Furchtsam' means fearful. This is a common spelling error.

نصائح

Declension Check

Always remember that 'furchtsam' is a regular adjective. If it's before a noun, it needs an ending! 'Der furchtsame Junge', not 'Der furchtsam Junge'.

Furchtsam vs. Furchtbar

This is the #1 mistake. Remember: '-sam' is for the person feeling the fear, '-bar' is for the thing causing it. A furchtsam child watches a furchtbar movie.

Use it for Character

When describing a character in a story, use 'furchtsam' to sound more literary. It gives the character more depth than just saying they are 'ängstlich'.

Listen for '-sam'

When you hear a word ending in '-sam', it's often a character trait. Try to guess the meaning from the root word.

Pair with 'vor'

To make your sentences more advanced, always specify the object of fear: 'furchtsam vor der Dunkelheit'.

Fairy Tale Context

Look for 'furchtsam' in German fairy tales. It's a key word for protagonists who start weak but become strong.

Disposition

Think of 'furchtsam' as a personality label. It's about who the person is, not just how they feel right now.

The Scaredy-Sam

Imagine a boy named Sam who is always scared. He is 'Furcht-Sam'. This will help you remember the word and the suffix.

Avoid Slang

Don't use 'furchtsam' in very informal street slang; it might sound out of place. Use 'Angsthase' or 'Schiss haben' instead.

Choose Carefully

If someone is only scared of people, use 'schüchtern'. If they are scared of everything, use 'furchtsam'.

احفظها

وسيلة تذكّر

Think of 'Furcht' as 'Fright' and '-sam' as '-some'. Furchtsam = Fright-some. A person who is fright-some is full of fright!

ربط بصري

Imagine a small, shaking rabbit (furchtsam) hiding from a giant, scary (furchtbar) monster.

Word Web

Furcht ängstlich scheu zaghaft Kind Tier Natur Gefühl

تحدٍّ

Try to describe three things that make you feel furchtsam using the sentence pattern: 'Ich bin furchtsam vor...'.

أصل الكلمة

Derived from the Old High German 'forhta' (fear) and the suffix '-sam' (inclined to). It has been part of the German language for over a millennium, appearing in Middle High German as 'vorhtsam'.

المعنى الأصلي: Inclined to feel fear; characterized by fear.

Germanic (Indo-European). Cognate with English 'fright' and 'frightsome' (though the latter is rare).

السياق الثقافي

Calling someone 'furchtsam' is generally descriptive, but in some contexts, it can imply a lack of strength. Use it with empathy.

English speakers often use 'scared' for everything. In German, using 'furchtsam' shows you understand the difference between a feeling and a character trait.

The Brothers Grimm: 'Märchen von einem, der auszog, das Fürchten zu lernen' (Tale of one who set out to learn what fear was). Friedrich Nietzsche: Often discussed the 'furchtsame' nature of the 'herd' vs. the 'Übermensch'. Rainer Maria Rilke: His poetry often touches on the 'furchtsame' beauty of the world.

تدرّب في الحياة الواقعية

سياقات واقعية

Describing Pets

Der Hund ist furchtsam.
Sie ist ein furchtsames Tier.
Meine Katze reagiert furchtsam auf Lärm.
Ein furchtsamer Welpe.

In Fairy Tales

Der furchtsame Held.
Er war furchtsam und allein.
Ein furchtsames Herz.
Die furchtsame Prinzessin.

Politics/Economy

Furchtsame Märkte.
Eine furchtsame Entscheidung.
Furchtsame Politik.
Die furchtsame Reaktion der Bürger.

Psychology

Ein furchtsames Wesen haben.
Seine Furchtsamkeit überwinden.
Furchtsam vor Veränderungen sein.
Das furchtsame Kind fördern.

Nature

Furchtsame Waldtiere.
Ein furchtsamer Blick.
Sich furchtsam verstecken.
Die furchtsame Natur der Rehe.

بدايات محادثة

"Warst du als Kind eher mutig oder furchtsam?"

"Warum reagieren manche Menschen so furchtsam auf neue Technologien?"

"Kennst du ein Tier, das besonders furchtsam ist?"

"Ist es in der heutigen Welt besser, vorsichtig oder furchtsam zu sein?"

"Was kann man tun, um weniger furchtsam vor der Zukunft zu sein?"

مواضيع للكتابة اليومية

Schreibe über eine Situation, in der du dich furchtsam gefühlt hast, aber trotzdem mutig warst.

Beschreibe den Charakter einer furchtsamen Person in einer Kurzgeschichte.

Ist Furchtsamkeit immer eine negative Eigenschaft? Erkläre deine Meinung.

Wie unterscheidet sich 'furchtsam' von 'schüchtern' in deinem eigenen Leben?

Stelle dir vor, du wärst ein furchtsames Tier im Wald. Wie sieht dein Tag aus?

الأسئلة الشائعة

10 أسئلة

Yes, but with a nuance. 'Furchtsam' is better translated as 'fearful' or 'timid'. It describes a person who is naturally inclined to be scared, rather than someone who is just scared in one specific moment.

No! Use 'furchtbar' or 'gruselig' for a scary movie. 'Furchtsam' describes the person watching the movie if they are easily scared.

The most common opposites are 'mutig' (brave) and 'furchtlos' (fearless). 'Tapfer' (valiant) and 'kühn' (bold) are also good alternatives.

Use the pattern 'Ich bin furchtsam vor...' followed by the dative case. For example: 'Ich bin furchtsam vor Schlangen.'

It is very common in books, stories, and formal writing. In daily conversation, people often use 'ängstlich' or 'Angst haben', but 'furchtsam' is still understood and used by everyone.

The suffix '-sam' means 'inclined to' or 'characterized by'. Other examples include 'langsam' (slow), 'gehorsam' (obedient), and 'wirksam' (effective).

Yes, absolutely! It is very common to describe small or shy animals like rabbits or deer as 'furchtsam'.

Not necessarily. It is a description of a temperament. However, if you call an adult 'furchtsam', it might imply they lack courage, which could be taken negatively.

'Furcht' is usually fear of something specific (like a dog), while 'Angst' can be a general, vague feeling of worry. 'Furchtsam' comes from 'Furcht'.

Yes. For example: 'Er schaute furchtsam aus dem Fenster.' (He looked fearfully out of the window).

سجّل مجاناً للنصائح والملاحظات