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A1 adjective #2,500 الأكثر شيوعاً 15 دقيقة للقراءة

مرده

mordeh
تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح مرده في 30 ثانية
الشرح مرده in your Level:
At the A1 level, the word 'مرده' (morde) is introduced as a basic, highly frequent adjective meaning 'dead'. It is essential for describing the state of living things that are no longer alive, such as animals, plants, or people in a purely descriptive sense. Learners at this stage focus on simple sentence structures, using 'مرده' as a predicate adjective with the verb 'است' (ast - is) or 'بود' (bud - was), for example, 'آن گربه مرده است' (That cat is dead). They also learn to use it attributively with the Ezafe, as in 'درخت مرده' (dead tree). The primary goal at A1 is to recognize the word, pronounce it correctly, and use it in straightforward, literal contexts to describe the physical world around them. It is often taught alongside its direct antonym, 'زنده' (zende - alive), to help learners build basic descriptive contrasts. At this level, learners are not expected to master the complex cultural nuances or polite euphemisms for human death, but rather to establish a foundational vocabulary for basic states of being.
As learners progress to the A2 level, their understanding of 'مرده' expands beyond simple descriptive sentences. They begin to encounter the word in short narratives, basic news reports, and everyday storytelling. At this stage, learners are introduced to 'مرده' functioning as a noun, meaning 'a dead person' or 'corpse', and learn its plural forms, 'مرده‌ها' (morde-ha) and 'مردگان' (mordegan). They might read simple texts about history or nature where these forms are used. Furthermore, A2 learners start to recognize basic metaphorical uses of the word, such as describing inanimate objects that have lost power or function, like a 'باتری مرده' (dead battery). The focus shifts towards using the word in slightly more complex grammatical structures, including past tenses and compound sentences. Teachers also begin to introduce the concept of register, briefly noting that while 'مرده' is fine for animals, other words might be better for people, laying the groundwork for more advanced cultural pragmatics.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
At the B1 level, learners develop a more nuanced and culturally aware usage of 'مرده'. They are explicitly taught the social etiquette surrounding death in Iranian culture and learn that using 'مرده' for recently deceased individuals is considered blunt or impolite. Consequently, B1 learners actively practice using polite euphemisms like 'فوت شده' (fout shode) or 'درگذشته' (dargozashte) in appropriate contexts, reserving 'مرده' for animals, plants, objects, or objective/historical references. Additionally, their exposure to metaphorical and idiomatic uses of 'مرده' increases significantly. They learn to describe situations, places, or atmospheres as 'مرده' (e.g., a dead party, a stagnant market). They also encounter common colloquial expressions and hyperboles, such as saying 'از خستگی مردم' (I died of exhaustion), which utilizes the root verb but reinforces the concept. B1 learners can comprehend and produce texts that discuss abstract concepts using 'مرده' as a descriptive tool for lack of vitality.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
By the B2 level, learners have a firm grasp of both the literal and figurative applications of 'مرده'. They can comfortably navigate complex conversations and texts where the word is used idiomatically or symbolically. At this stage, learners encounter 'مرده' in a wider variety of compound nouns and idiomatic phrases, such as 'مرده‌شور' (morde-shur - corpse washer, often used in curses) or 'مرده‌ریگ' (morde-rig - inheritance/relic). They are able to read and understand intermediate-level literature, news articles, and opinion pieces where 'مرده' might be used to describe obsolete ideas, dead languages, or defunct political movements. B2 learners are highly sensitive to register and tone, effortlessly switching between 'مرده', 'مرحوم', 'جان‌باخته', and 'فوت شده' depending on the social context, the relationship to the deceased, and the formality of the situation. Their vocabulary is rich enough to express subtle distinctions in meaning related to death and lifelessness.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
At the C1 level, learners engage with 'مرده' in sophisticated, abstract, and literary contexts. They encounter the word in classical and modern Persian poetry, philosophical essays, and complex academic texts. In these contexts, 'مرده' is frequently used allegorically to represent spiritual death, emotional numbness, or societal stagnation. C1 learners can analyze texts by poets like Rumi or Hafez, understanding how 'مرده' contrasts with 'زنده' (alive) to convey deep mystical themes about love and divine connection. They are also proficient in using advanced idioms and proverbs containing the word, integrating them naturally into fluent, spontaneous speech. At this level, learners understand the historical and etymological roots of the word and can discuss topics related to mortality, cultural rituals surrounding death, and existential themes with native-like proficiency and appropriate cultural sensitivity.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
At the C2 level, mastery of the word 'مرده' and its entire semantic field is complete. Learners possess a native-like intuition for the word's subtle connotations, historical shifts in meaning, and regional variations in usage. They can effortlessly comprehend and produce highly complex, nuanced texts—ranging from legal documents concerning inheritance to dense philosophical treatises on mortality. C2 learners can play with the language, creating their own metaphors using 'مرده' or employing it in rhetorical devices like irony or sarcasm. They are fully aware of the socio-linguistic implications of choosing 'مرده' over its numerous synonyms in any given micro-context. Their understanding encompasses the deepest cultural, religious, and literary associations of the word, allowing them to engage in profound discussions about the human condition, spirituality, and Iranian cultural identity with absolute precision and eloquence.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح

مرده في 30 ثانية

  • Means 'dead' or 'lifeless'.
  • Used mostly for animals/plants.
  • Impolite for recently deceased people.
  • Can mean 'boring' or 'inactive'.
The Persian word 'مرده' (morde) is a fundamental vocabulary item that primarily functions as an adjective meaning 'dead' or 'deceased'. Understanding this word is crucial for learners of Persian at the A1 level, as it relates to basic states of being and the natural cycle of life. In its most literal sense, it describes a living organism—whether human, animal, or plant—that has ceased to live. However, the semantic range of 'مرده' extends far beyond literal death, permeating everyday Persian conversation through various metaphorical and idiomatic expressions. To fully grasp its usage, one must explore its morphological roots, syntactic behavior, and pragmatic applications in different contexts. Morphologically, 'مرده' is the past participle of the infinitive 'مردن' (mordan), which means 'to die'. In Persian grammar, past participles are frequently used as adjectives, and 'مرده' is a prime example of this phenomenon. When used as an adjective, it typically follows the noun it modifies, connected by the Ezafe vowel (e/ye). For instance, 'آدم مرده' (adam-e morde) translates to 'a dead person', and 'حیوان مرده' (heyvan-e morde) means 'a dead animal'.
Literal Usage
Refers to the biological cessation of life in organisms.

این پرنده مرده است.

This bird is dead.
Beyond its literal application, 'مرده' is extensively employed in metaphorical contexts to describe things that are inactive, useless, or lacking vitality. For example, a 'dead battery' in Persian is referred to as 'باتری مرده' (batri-ye morde), although 'خالی' (khali - empty) is also common. A stagnant or lifeless environment, such as a boring party or a quiet street, might be described using this adjective to emphasize the lack of energy or movement.
Metaphorical Usage
Describes inanimate objects or situations lacking energy, function, or relevance.

این شهر یک شهر مرده است.

This city is a dead city.
Furthermore, 'مرده' can function as a noun, meaning 'a dead person' or 'corpse'. In this capacity, it can take plural markers, such as 'ها' (ha) or 'ان' (an), resulting in 'مرده‌ها' (morde-ha) or 'مردگان' (mordegan), meaning 'the dead'. This nominal use is prevalent in religious, cultural, and literary texts, where respect for the deceased is a recurring theme. The concept of death and the deceased holds significant cultural weight in Iranian society, influencing how 'مرده' is used in daily discourse. There are numerous superstitions, rituals, and idioms associated with the dead. For instance, swearing by the dead (e.g., 'به ارواح مرده‌ها' - by the souls of the dead) is a strong way to assert truthfulness.
Nominal Usage
Functions as a noun representing a deceased individual or corpse.

آنها مرده را دفن کردند.

They buried the dead (body).
In literature, particularly in classical Persian poetry by luminaries like Rumi and Hafez, 'مرده' is often contrasted with 'زنده' (zende - alive) to explore spiritual themes. A person who is spiritually unaware or disconnected from divine love is often described as 'مرده', while the spiritually awakened are 'زنده'. This dualistic symbolism enriches the word's meaning, elevating it from a simple biological descriptor to a profound philosophical concept.

دلی که عشق ندارد، مرده است.

A heart that has no love is dead.
To summarize, while 'مرده' is introduced at the A1 level as a basic adjective for 'dead', its utility and semantic depth make it a versatile component of the Persian lexicon. Learners should familiarize themselves with its literal, metaphorical, and nominal uses to communicate effectively and understand the cultural nuances embedded in the language.

گیاه مرده را دور انداختم.

I threw away the dead plant.
Using the word 'مرده' (morde) correctly in Persian requires an understanding of its grammatical roles, syntactic positioning, and pragmatic appropriateness. As an A1 level word, its basic application is straightforward, but mastering its nuances will significantly enhance your fluency and naturalness in Persian. Primarily, 'مرده' is used as an adjective. In Persian, adjectives typically follow the nouns they modify, linked by the Ezafe, which is an unstressed 'e' or 'ye' sound. Therefore, to say 'a dead tree', you would say 'درخت مرده' (derakht-e morde). The structure is [Noun] + [Ezafe] + [Adjective]. This rule is consistent regardless of the noun's gender or number, as Persian does not have grammatical gender, and adjectives do not agree in number with the nouns they modify.
Adjective Placement
Always follows the noun with an Ezafe connection.

من یک موش مرده دیدم.

I saw a dead mouse.
When 'مرده' is used as a predicate adjective—meaning it follows a linking verb like 'بودن' (budan - to be) or 'شدن' (shodan - to become)—it stands alone without the Ezafe. For example, 'آن مرد مرده است' (an mard morde ast) means 'That man is dead'. In spoken Persian, the verb 'است' (ast) is often contracted, so you might hear 'آن مرد مردست' (an mard morde-st).
Predicate Adjective
Used after the subject and before the linking verb.

گربه مرده بود.

The cat was dead.
In addition to its adjectival function, 'مرده' frequently serves as a noun. When acting as a noun, it refers to a dead person, a corpse, or the deceased in general. It can take plural suffixes, the most common being 'ها' (ha) for general use and 'ان' (an) for more formal or literary contexts. Thus, 'مرده‌ها' (morde-ha) and 'مردگان' (mordegan) both mean 'the dead'. As a noun, it can be the subject or object of a sentence.

احترام به مردگان مهم است.

Respect for the dead is important.
Metaphorical usage of 'مرده' is highly prevalent in everyday Persian. It is used to describe inanimate objects that have lost their function, such as a 'dead battery' (باتری مرده) or a 'dead language' (زبان مرده). It can also describe abstract concepts like a 'dead end' (بن‌بست - though 'مرده' isn't directly used here, the concept of lifelessness applies to situations like 'بازار مرده' meaning a stagnant market).
Abstract Contexts
Applying the concept of death to non-living things to indicate loss of function or activity.

این زبان یک زبان مرده است.

This language is a dead language.
Another important aspect of using 'مرده' is understanding its register and politeness level. While it is the most direct and common translation for 'dead', using it to refer to recently deceased people, especially relatives or respected figures, can be considered blunt or insensitive. In such cases, Persian speakers prefer euphemisms. Words like 'فوت شده' (fout shode - passed away), 'مرحوم' (marhoum - the late/forgiven), or 'درگذشته' (dargozashte - departed) are much more appropriate for formal or sympathetic contexts. 'مرده' is perfectly fine for animals, plants, historical figures long gone, or in objective, clinical, or informal contexts.

او سال‌ها پیش مرده است.

He died (has been dead) years ago.
In summary, mastering 'مرده' involves knowing its placement as an adjective, its inflection as a noun, its metaphorical extensions, and the social etiquette surrounding its use. By practicing these different facets, learners can ensure their Persian sounds natural, grammatically correct, and culturally sensitive.
The word 'مرده' (morde) is ubiquitous in the Persian language, appearing across a wide spectrum of contexts ranging from casual daily conversations to formal news broadcasts, literature, and idiomatic expressions. As an A1 level vocabulary word, it is one of the first adjectives learners encounter, but its presence in the language is deep and varied. Understanding where and how you will hear 'مرده' helps contextualize its usage and prepares you for real-world Persian comprehension. In everyday conversation, you will frequently hear 'مرده' used in its literal sense to describe animals, plants, or objects. For instance, if someone finds a dead insect in their house, they might say 'یک سوسک مرده پیدا کردم' (yek soosk-e morde peyda kardam - I found a dead cockroach). Similarly, gardeners or plant enthusiasts might talk about 'برگ‌های مرده' (barg-ha-ye morde - dead leaves) that need to be pruned.
Daily Life
Commonly used for animals, plants, and mundane situations.

این گل مرده است، باید آن را دور بیندازیم.

This flower is dead, we must throw it away.
In news and media, 'مرده' is often used in reports concerning accidents, natural disasters, or conflicts. However, journalists typically use more formal terminology like 'کشته‌شدگان' (koshte-shodegan - the killed) or 'جان‌باختگان' (jan-bakhtegan - those who lost their lives) for human casualties to maintain a respectful and professional tone. Nevertheless, 'مرده' might still appear in less formal reporting, opinion pieces, or when quoting eyewitnesses. You will also hear it in crime documentaries or forensic contexts, such as 'جسد مرده' (jasad-e morde - dead body).
Media and News
Appears in reports of casualties, though often substituted with formal euphemisms.

پلیس یک مرده در جنگل پیدا کرد.

The police found a dead body in the forest.
Metaphorically, 'مرده' is a staple in Persian colloquialisms and idioms. You will hear it used to describe a lack of energy or vitality. A very boring party might be described as 'مهمانی مرده' (mehmani-ye morde - a dead party). If someone is extremely exhausted, they might say 'من از خستگی مرده‌ام' (man az khastegi morde-am - I am dead from exhaustion), which is a common hyperbole similar to English.

بازار امروز خیلی مرده بود.

The market was very dead today.
In literature and poetry, 'مرده' takes on profound philosophical and spiritual dimensions. Classical Persian poets like Rumi, Hafez, and Saadi frequently use 'مرده' to symbolize spiritual ignorance, lack of love, or detachment from the divine. In these contexts, 'مرده' is not about biological death but about the state of the soul. Hearing or reading 'مرده' in poetry requires a shift in interpretation from the literal to the allegorical.
Literature and Poetry
Used allegorically to represent spiritual emptiness or lack of divine love.

هر که عشق ندارد، مرده متحرک است.

Whoever lacks love is a walking dead.
Finally, you will hear 'مرده' in various cultural and religious contexts, particularly concerning burial rites, mourning ceremonies, and discussions about the afterlife. Phrases like 'شستن مرده' (shostan-e morde - washing the dead) refer to Islamic burial practices. Furthermore, swearing by the dead, such as 'ارواح مرده‌هات' (arvah-e morde-hat - by the souls of your dead relatives), is a colloquial way to emphasize truth or express frustration.

برای مردگان دعا کنید.

Pray for the dead.
By paying attention to these diverse contexts, learners can appreciate the flexibility of 'مرده' and understand how its meaning shifts from a simple biological fact to a rich metaphor and cultural touchstone.
When learning the Persian word 'مرده' (morde), A1 learners often encounter several common pitfalls related to grammar, vocabulary confusion, and cultural pragmatics. Addressing these mistakes early on is crucial for developing accurate and culturally appropriate Persian language skills. One of the most frequent grammatical errors involves the confusion between the adjective 'مرده' (dead) and the noun 'مرگ' (marg - death) or the infinitive verb 'مردن' (mordan - to die). Because these words share the same root, learners often use them interchangeably, leading to grammatically incorrect sentences. For example, a learner might say 'او مرگ است' (ou marg ast - he is death) instead of the correct 'او مرده است' (ou morde ast - he is dead).
Part of Speech Confusion
Mixing up the adjective (مرده), the noun (مرگ), and the verb (مردن).

Incorrect: پرنده مرگ است.
Correct: پرنده مرده است.

The bird is dead.
Another common grammatical mistake relates to the placement of the adjective and the use of the Ezafe. In English, the adjective precedes the noun ('dead bird'), but in Persian, it follows the noun and requires the Ezafe connector ('پرنده مرده' - parande-ye morde). Learners often forget the Ezafe or place the adjective before the noun, resulting in awkward phrasing like 'مرده پرنده' (morde parande), which is incorrect.
Word Order and Ezafe
Forgetting to place the adjective after the noun and omitting the Ezafe.

Incorrect: مرده درخت.
Correct: درختِ مرده.

Dead tree.
Beyond grammar, the most significant mistakes involve pragmatics and cultural sensitivity. 'مرده' is a very direct and somewhat blunt word. Using it to refer to a recently deceased person, especially when speaking to their grieving relatives or in formal contexts, is considered highly impolite and insensitive. Learners often directly translate 'My grandfather is dead' to 'پدربزرگم مرده است' (pedar-bozorgam morde ast). While grammatically correct, it lacks empathy. The culturally appropriate phrase would be 'پدربزرگم فوت کرده است' (pedar-bozorgam fout karde ast - my grandfather has passed away).

Polite: ایشان فوت کرده‌اند.
Blunt: او مرده است.

He has passed away vs. He is dead.
Additionally, learners sometimes struggle with the pluralization of 'مرده' when used as a noun. The standard plural forms are 'مرده‌ها' (morde-ha) and 'مردگان' (mordegan). A common mistake is attempting to use Arabic broken plurals or incorrect Persian suffixes, such as 'مرده‌گان' without dropping the silent 'h' (ه), which violates Persian orthographic rules. The silent 'h' must change to 'g' (گ) before adding 'ان' (an).
Pluralization Errors
Incorrectly spelling or forming the plural of 'مرده' when used as a noun.

Incorrect: مرده‌ان.
Correct: مردگان.

The dead.
Finally, learners might misunderstand the metaphorical uses of 'مرده'. While 'باتری مرده' (dead battery) is understood, directly translating every English idiom containing 'dead' into Persian using 'مرده' does not always work. For example, 'dead end' is 'بن‌بست' (bon-bast), not 'پایان مرده'. Relying too heavily on direct translation can lead to confusing or nonsensical sentences.

Incorrect: خیابان مرده (for dead end).
Correct: کوچه بن‌بست.

Dead end street.
By being aware of these common mistakes—distinguishing parts of speech, mastering word order, applying cultural sensitivity, correctly pluralizing, and avoiding direct idiom translation—learners can use 'مرده' accurately and confidently.
Expanding your vocabulary beyond the basic word 'مرده' (morde) is essential for achieving fluency and cultural competence in Persian. While 'مرده' is the most direct translation for 'dead', Persian offers a rich tapestry of synonyms and related terms that convey different levels of formality, respect, and nuance. Understanding these similar words allows learners to navigate various social situations appropriately, from casual conversations to formal condolences. The most common and important alternatives to 'مرده' are euphemisms used to show respect for deceased individuals. 'فوت شده' (fout shode) is widely used in both spoken and written Persian. It translates roughly to 'passed away' and is the standard, polite way to refer to someone's death. The verb form is 'فوت کردن' (fout kardan). When speaking about someone's relatives or public figures, this is the preferred term.
Polite Euphemisms
Terms used to respectfully refer to the deceased, avoiding the bluntness of 'مرده'.

پدر او سال گذشته فوت شده است.

His father passed away last year.
Another highly respectful term is 'درگذشته' (dargozashte), which literally means 'passed through' or 'departed'. This word is often used in formal announcements, news reports, and obituaries. It carries a dignified tone and is suitable for written condolences. The noun form is 'درگذشت' (dargozasht - passing/demise).
Formal/Literary Terms
Words like 'درگذشته' used in formal writing and news.

مراسم یادبود استاد درگذشته فردا برگزار می‌شود.

The memorial service for the departed professor will be held tomorrow.
In religious and highly traditional contexts, you will frequently encounter the word 'مرحوم' (marhoum) for men and 'مرحومه' (marhoumeh) for women. Derived from Arabic, it means 'the one who has received mercy' (from God). It is often used as a title before the name of the deceased, such as 'مرحوم پدرم' (marhoum pedaram - my late father). This term is deeply embedded in Iranian culture and reflects the Islamic perspective on death and divine mercy.

مرحوم پدربزرگم مرد مهربانی بود.

My late grandfather was a kind man.
For terms related to the physical body of the deceased, 'جسد' (jasad) and 'جنازه' (jenaze) are used. Both mean 'corpse' or 'dead body'. 'جسد' is slightly more clinical or formal, often used in news or forensic contexts, while 'جنازه' is common in everyday speech and is specifically used when referring to the body during a funeral procession (tashyi-e jenaze).
Terms for Corpse
Words specifically referring to the physical remains.

پلیس جسد را به پزشکی قانونی منتقل کرد.

The police transferred the corpse to the forensics office.
When discussing casualties in wars, accidents, or disasters, terms like 'کشته' (koshte - killed) or 'جان‌باخته' (jan-bakhte - one who lost their life) are preferred over 'مرده'. 'جان‌باخته' is particularly respectful and is often used in official media to honor victims of tragedies.

تعداد جان‌باختگان زلزله افزایش یافت.

The number of those who lost their lives in the earthquake increased.
By learning these synonyms and related terms, you can communicate more precisely and respectfully in Persian, choosing the right word for the right context, whether you are talking about a withered plant ('مرده') or offering condolences for a lost loved one ('فوت شده' or 'مرحوم').

How Formal Is It?

مستوى الصعوبة

قواعد يجب معرفتها

The Ezafe Connector

Adjective Placement in Persian

Pluralization of Nouns (ها and ان)

Past Participles used as Adjectives

Linking Verbs (است / بود)

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

أمثلة حسب المستوى

1

این پرنده مرده است.

This bird is dead.

Predicate adjective used with 'ast' (is).

2

من یک موش مرده دیدم.

I saw a dead mouse.

Attributive adjective following the noun with Ezafe.

3

درخت مرده را بریدند.

They cut the dead tree.

Adjective modifying the object of the sentence.

4

آن ماهی مرده بود.

That fish was dead.

Predicate adjective in the past tense.

5

گل‌های مرده را دور بینداز.

Throw away the dead flowers.

Plural noun modified by the adjective.

6

سگ مرده در خیابان است.

The dead dog is in the street.

Subject modified by the adjective.

7

او یک گیاه مرده دارد.

He has a dead plant.

Adjective modifying the direct object.

8

حشره مرده روی میز است.

The dead insect is on the table.

Simple descriptive sentence.

1

مردگان در قبرستان هستند.

The dead are in the cemetery.

Used as a plural noun (mordegan).

2

گوشی من باتری مرده دارد.

My phone has a dead battery.

Metaphorical use for inanimate objects.

3

آنها مرده را دفن کردند.

They buried the dead (body).

Used as a singular noun representing a corpse.

4

این شهر در شب مثل یک شهر مرده است.

This city is like a dead city at night.

Simile using 'morde' to describe quietness.

5

بوی حیوان مرده می‌آید.

The smell of a dead animal is coming.

Adjective modifying a noun in a sensory context.

6

مرده‌ها چیزی احساس نمی‌کنند.

The dead feel nothing.

Plural noun with 'ha' suffix.

7

او داستان یک پادشاه مرده را خواند.

He read the story of a dead king.

Adjective modifying a historical figure.

8

برگ‌های مرده در پاییز می‌ریزند.

Dead leaves fall in autumn.

Describing natural cycles.

1

به جای کلمه مرده، بهتر است بگوییم فوت شده.

Instead of the word 'dead', it is better to say 'passed away'.

Discussing register and politeness.

2

مهمانی دیشب خیلی مرده و خسته‌کننده بود.

Last night's party was very dead and boring.

Metaphorical use describing an atmosphere.

3

زبان لاتین یک زبان مرده محسوب می‌شود.

Latin is considered a dead language.

Academic/linguistic metaphorical use.

4

او به ارواح مردگان قسم خورد که راست می‌گوید.

He swore by the souls of the dead that he is telling the truth.

Cultural idiom/expression.

5

پروژه ما به یک نقطه مرده رسیده است.

Our project has reached a dead end (dead point).

Idiomatic expression for lack of progress.

6

شستن مرده در اسلام آداب خاصی دارد.

Washing the dead has specific rituals in Islam.

Cultural/religious context.

7

سرمایه مرده سودی برای اقتصاد ندارد.

Dead capital has no benefit for the economy.

Economic terminology.

8

نگاه او مثل نگاه یک آدم مرده، بی‌روح بود.

His gaze was lifeless, like the gaze of a dead person.

Simile describing lack of emotion.

1

در ادبیات کهن، گاهی از واژه مرده برای توصیف جاهلان استفاده می‌شود.

In ancient literature, the word 'dead' is sometimes used to describe the ignorant.

Literary analysis context.

2

این قانون سال‌هاست که مرده و دیگر اجرا نمی‌شود.

This law has been dead for years and is no longer enforced.

Metaphorical use for abstract concepts like laws.

3

مرده‌ریگ این تمدن باستانی در موزه‌ها نگهداری می‌شود.

The relics (inheritance) of this ancient civilization are kept in museums.

Use of compound noun 'morde-rig'.

4

او با دیدن آن صحنه وحشتناک، نیمه‌مرده شد.

He became half-dead upon seeing that terrifying scene.

Use of prefix 'nime-' (half).

5

احیای این کارخانه مرده نیاز به سرمایه‌گذاری کلان دارد.

Reviving this dead factory requires massive investment.

Metaphorical use in business context.

6

در فرهنگ ایرانی، پشت سر مرده حرف زدن گناه محسوب می‌شود.

In Iranian culture, speaking ill behind the dead is considered a sin.

Cultural proverb/belief.

7

او آنقدر خسته بود که مثل یک تکه گوشت مرده روی تخت افتاد.

He was so tired that he fell on the bed like a piece of dead meat.

Strong colloquial simile.

8

بازار مسکن در این روزها کاملاً مرده و راکد است.

The housing market is completely dead and stagnant these days.

Economic metaphor.

1

مولوی معتقد است کسی که عشق الهی را درک نکند، در واقع مرده‌ای متحرک است.

Rumi believes that someone who does not understand divine love is actually a walking dead.

Philosophical/mystical usage.

2

سنت‌های مرده‌ای که مانع پیشرفت جامعه می‌شوند باید کنار گذاشته شوند.

Dead traditions that hinder the progress of society must be set aside.

Sociological discourse.

3

نویسنده در این رمان، تصویری از یک روح مرده در کالبدی زنده را به تصویر می‌کشد.

In this novel, the author depicts an image of a dead soul in a living body.

Literary critique.

4

استفاده از واژگان مرده و مهجور در نثر معاصر، متن را متکلف می‌سازد.

Using dead and obsolete words in contemporary prose makes the text artificial.

Linguistic/stylistic analysis.

5

او با زنده کردن یاد مردگان، سعی در حفظ هویت تاریخی قوم خود داشت.

By reviving the memory of the dead, he tried to preserve the historical identity of his people.

Historical/cultural context.

6

در این بن‌بست سیاسی، مذاکرات به یک نقطه کاملاً مرده رسیده است.

In this political deadlock, negotiations have reached a completely dead point.

Political journalism.

7

طبیعت بی‌جان در نقاشی، نمایشی از زیبایی در اشیاء مرده است.

Still life in painting is a display of beauty in dead (inanimate) objects.

Art history context ('tabiat-e bi-jan' is still life, but objects are 'morde').

8

سکوت مرده‌وار سالن، نشان از اضطراب عمیق تماشاگران داشت.

The deathly silence of the hall indicated the deep anxiety of the audience.

Use of suffix '-var' (like/ly).

1

در دیوان حافظ، تقابل زنده به عشق و مرده به جهل، بن‌مایه‌ای تکرارشونده است.

In Hafez's Divan, the contrast between being alive through love and dead through ignorance is a recurring motif.

Advanced literary analysis.

2

تلاش برای احیای این نهاد فاسد، دمیدن روح در کالبد مرده است.

Trying to revive this corrupt institution is blowing spirit into a dead body.

Advanced idiomatic metaphor.

3

مرده‌پرستی افراطی در برخی جوامع، مانع از توجه به نیازهای زندگان می‌شود.

Extreme necrodolatry (worship of the dead) in some societies prevents attention to the needs of the living.

Sociological/critical terminology ('morde-parasti').

4

زبان‌شناسان در حال بررسی متون به جا مانده از این زبان مرده باستانی هستند.

Linguists are examining the texts left behind from this dead ancient language.

Academic linguistic research.

5

او با نگاهی سرد و مرده، حکم اعدام را قرائت کرد.

With a cold and dead look, he read the death sentence.

Nuanced descriptive writing.

6

خاطرات آن دوران تلخ، چونان مردگانی از گور برخاسته، روح او را می‌آزردند.

The memories of that bitter era, like the dead risen from the grave, tormented his soul.

Poetic and evocative imagery.

7

در حقوق مدنی، وضعیت اموال شخص مرده (متوفی) تابع قوانین ارث است.

In civil law, the status of the property of a dead person (the deceased) is subject to inheritance laws.

Legal terminology (noting 'motavafa' as the formal equivalent).

8

سکون و رخوت، جامعه را به مردابی مرده و متعفن بدل ساخته بود.

Stagnation and lethargy had turned the society into a dead and fetid swamp.

Complex metaphorical critique.

المرادفات

فوت شده درگذشته مرحوم بی‌جان تلف شده هلاک شده جان‌باخته میت

الأضداد

زنده حی پویا فعال

تلازمات شائعة

آدم مرده
حیوان مرده
باتری مرده
زبان مرده
سرمایه مرده
شهر مرده
جسد مرده
برگ مرده
طبیعت مرده
نقطه مرده

العبارات الشائعة

مرده متحرک
مثل آدم مرده
بوی مرده
شستن مرده
خاکسپاری مرده
زنده و مرده
مرده و زنده
نیمه مرده
مرده شور
مرده پرستی

يُخلط عادةً مع

مرده vs مرگ (marg - death)

مرده vs مردن (mordan - to die)

مرده vs مرد (mard - man)

تعبيرات اصطلاحية

"از خستگی مردن"
"مرده را زنده کردن"
"پشت سر مرده حرف زدن"
"مرده متحرک بودن"
"به ارواح مرده‌ها قسم"
"مرده‌شور برده"
"مثل مرده افتادن"
"پول مرده"
"وقت مرده"
"بازار مرده"

سهل الخلط

مرده vs

مرده vs

مرده vs

مرده vs

مرده vs

أنماط الجُمل

سجّل مجاناً لرؤية جميع الأمثلة

كيفية الاستخدام

note

While 'مرده' is the literal translation of 'dead', its usage maps more closely to the English word 'corpse' when used as a noun, and 'lifeless' when used as an adjective for inanimate objects. For human death, English speakers say 'He is dead' neutrally, but in Persian, 'Ou morde ast' sounds harsh.

أخطاء شائعة
  • Using 'مرده' for recently deceased people instead of 'فوت شده'.
  • Confusing the adjective 'مرده' with the noun 'مرگ' (death).
  • Forgetting the Ezafe when placing 'مرده' after a noun.
  • Spelling the formal plural incorrectly as 'مرده‌ان' instead of 'مردگان'.
  • Translating English idioms literally (e.g., saying 'پایان مرده' for dead end instead of 'بن‌بست').

نصائح

Don't Forget the Ezafe

When using 'مرده' to describe a noun, always link them with the Ezafe sound (e/ye). It's 'گربه مرده' (gorbe-ye morde), not just 'گربه مرده' without the connecting sound.

Respect the Deceased

Never use 'مرده' when offering condolences. It sounds like you are calling the person a corpse. Always use 'فوت شده' (fout shode) or 'درگذشته' (dargozashte).

Learn the Antonym

The best way to remember 'مرده' is to learn its opposite at the same time: 'زنده' (zende - alive). Practice them together: زنده و مرده (alive and dead).

Stress the Last Syllable

In Persian, the stress usually falls on the final syllable of the word. Make sure you emphasize the 'deh' in 'mor-deh' to sound more natural.

Metaphorical Power

Don't be afraid to use 'مرده' metaphorically. If your phone is dead, a party is boring, or a market is slow, 'مرده' is a great, natural-sounding adjective to use.

Plural Spelling Rule

When making 'مرده' plural with 'ان', remember the spelling rule: drop the silent 'ه' and add 'گ' before the suffix. مرده + ان = مردگان.

Listen for Contractions

In spoken Persian, 'مرده است' (morde ast) is almost always contracted to 'مردست' (morde-st). Train your ear to catch this shortened form.

Hyperbolic Exhaustion

If a Persian speaker says 'مردم' (mordam - I died) or 'مرده‌ام' (morde-am - I am dead), they usually just mean they are very tired or laughing very hard, just like in English.

Poetic Context

When reading Rumi or Hafez, if you see 'مرده', think 'spiritually dead' or 'loveless' rather than biologically dead. It will help you understand the deeper meaning.

Predicate vs Attributive

Remember: 'درختِ مرده' (The dead tree - attributive, needs Ezafe) vs. 'درخت مرده است' (The tree is dead - predicate, no Ezafe).

احفظها

وسيلة تذكّر

Think of 'MORDE' as someone who has been MURDERED and is now dead.

أصل الكلمة

Middle Persian

السياق الثقافي

The term 'مرده‌شور' (morde-shur) refers to the person who washes the dead body, and is often used in mild curses (e.g., 'مرده‌شور ببره' - may the corpse-washer take it).

Never use 'مرده' to offer condolences. Always use 'فوت' (fout) or 'درگذشت' (dargozasht).

Swearing by the dead ('به ارواح مرده‌ها') is common but considered slightly vulgar or overly intense in formal settings.

تدرّب في الحياة الواقعية

سياقات واقعية

بدايات محادثة

"آیا تا به حال یک زبان مرده را مطالعه کرده‌اید؟ (Have you ever studied a dead language?)"

"چرا در فرهنگ ما احترام به مردگان اینقدر مهم است؟ (Why is respect for the dead so important in our culture?)"

"به نظر شما چه چیزی باعث می‌شود یک شهر 'مرده' به نظر برسد؟ (What do you think makes a city seem 'dead'?)"

"آیا به داستان‌های ارواح و مردگان اعتقاد دارید؟ (Do you believe in stories of ghosts and the dead?)"

"چگونه می‌توانیم یک سنت مرده را زنده کنیم؟ (How can we revive a dead tradition?)"

مواضيع للكتابة اليومية

درباره زمانی بنویسید که احساس کردید از خستگی 'مرده‌اید'. (Write about a time you felt 'dead' from exhaustion.)

تفاوت استفاده از کلمه 'مرده' و 'فوت شده' را در زبان فارسی توضیح دهید. (Explain the difference between using 'morde' and 'fout shode' in Persian.)

یک 'شهر مرده' را توصیف کنید. چه ویژگی‌هایی دارد؟ (Describe a 'dead city'. What characteristics does it have?)

اگر می‌توانستید با یکی از مردگان تاریخ صحبت کنید، او چه کسی بود؟ (If you could speak to one of the dead from history, who would it be?)

نظرتان درباره این جمله چیست: 'کسی که امید ندارد، مرده است'؟ (What is your opinion on this sentence: 'He who has no hope is dead'?)

الأسئلة الشائعة

10 أسئلة

Grammatically, yes, but culturally, no. It is considered very impolite and blunt. You should use 'پدربزرگم فوت کرده است' (My grandfather has passed away) instead. Save 'مرده' for animals, plants, or objects.

When used as a noun, the plural can be 'مرده‌ها' (morde-ha) for general/informal use, or 'مردگان' (mordegan) for formal/literary use. Note the spelling change from 'ه' to 'گ' in the formal plural.

You can say 'باتری مرده' (batri-ye morde). This is a common metaphorical use of the word. However, saying 'باتری خالی است' (the battery is empty) is also very common and natural.

It is both. It functions as an adjective meaning 'dead' (e.g., درخت مرده - dead tree) and as a noun meaning 'corpse' or 'dead person' (e.g., دفن مرده - burying the dead).

'مرده' (morde) is the adjective 'dead' or the noun 'corpse'. 'مرگ' (marg) is the abstract noun 'death'. For example, 'Death is inevitable' uses 'مرگ', while 'The bird is dead' uses 'مرده'.

It is pronounced 'mor-deh'. The stress is on the second syllable. The 'r' is slightly rolled or tapped, as is typical in Persian.

Yes, absolutely. Just like in English, you can describe a boring party or a quiet, inactive street as 'مرده' (e.g., یک مهمانی مرده - a dead party).

Literally, it means 'corpse washer', referring to the person who performs the Islamic ritual washing of the dead. It is often used in colloquial curses, like 'مرده‌شور ببره' (may the corpse washer take it/them).

In classical Persian poetry, 'مرده' is often used metaphorically to describe someone who is spiritually unaware, lacks divine love, or is ignorant. It contrasts with being spiritually 'زنده' (alive).

No, Persian does not have grammatical gender. The word 'مرده' remains exactly the same whether it describes a male, a female, an animal, or an object.

سجّل مجاناً للنصائح والملاحظات

اختبر نفسك 180 أسئلة

/ 180 correct

Perfect score!

سجّل مجاناً للتدريب

محتوى ذو صلة

هل كان هذا مفيداً؟

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