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A2 verb #1,800 الأكثر شيوعاً 10 دقيقة للقراءة

売ります

urimasu الأكثر شيوعاً #1,800

At the A1 level, learners are introduced to the most basic transactional verbs, primarily 'kaimasu' (to buy) and 'urimasu' (to sell). The focus is on simple, declarative sentences that describe everyday actions. Learners practice associating 'urimasu' with common objects like apples, books, or cars, using the direct object particle 'o'. The goal is to establish a fundamental understanding of how to express the transfer of goods. Exercises typically involve matching pictures of items to the verb, or filling in the blank with the correct verb in a highly structured sentence. The polite 'masu' form is taught exclusively at this stage to ensure learners can communicate respectfully in basic social interactions, such as asking a shopkeeper if they sell a specific item.

As learners progress to the A2 level, the usage of 'urimasu' expands to include more complex sentence structures. They learn to specify the recipient of the sale using the particle 'ni' and the location of the sale using the particle 'de'. This allows for more detailed descriptions of commercial activities, such as 'I sell old clothes on the internet' or 'He sells vegetables at the market'. Furthermore, learners are introduced to the continuous state 'utte imasu' to describe what a store currently carries. The distinction between the transitive 'uru' and the intransitive 'ureru' is also gently introduced, helping learners avoid common grammatical pitfalls. Practice at this level involves role-playing shopping scenarios and writing short paragraphs about personal transactions.

At the B1 level, the context for using 'urimasu' broadens significantly into professional and abstract domains. Learners encounter the verb in discussions about business, part-time jobs, and economic activities. They learn to modify the verb with adverbs to express how something is sold (e.g., 'takaku urimasu' - sell at a high price). The passive voice 'urarete imasu' (is being sold) is introduced, allowing learners to describe situations where the seller is unknown or irrelevant. Vocabulary expands to include related terms like 'hanbai shimasu' for formal business contexts. Learners are expected to comprehend and produce longer texts, such as reading a classified ad or writing an email negotiating the sale of a used item.

By the B2 level, learners are expected to wield 'urimasu' with a high degree of nuance and flexibility. The verb is used not only for physical goods but also in abstract or metaphorical contexts, such as 'selling an idea' or 'selling oneself' during a job interview. Learners engage with authentic materials, such as news articles about market trends or business reports, where 'urimasu' and its derivatives (like 'uriage' - sales) are prevalent. They practice expressing opinions on consumer culture, debating the ethics of certain sales tactics, and analyzing economic data. The focus shifts from basic grammar to stylistic choices, understanding when to use 'uru' versus more formal Sino-Japanese equivalents depending on the register and audience.

At the C1 level, learners demonstrate a near-native command of 'urimasu', utilizing it effortlessly in complex, sophisticated discourse. They are familiar with a wide range of idiomatic expressions and collocations involving the verb, such as 'abura o uru' (to slack off) or 'kenka o uru' (to pick a fight). Discussions involving 'urimasu' at this level delve into macroeconomic theories, global trade policies, and intricate business negotiations. Learners can seamlessly switch between casual, polite, and honorific forms of the verb depending on the sociolinguistic demands of the situation. They are capable of writing persuasive essays, delivering formal presentations, and engaging in nuanced debates where the concept of selling is analyzed from multiple critical perspectives.

At the pinnacle of language proficiency, the C2 learner's understanding of 'urimasu' transcends mere vocabulary; it encompasses a deep cultural and historical appreciation of commerce in Japan. They can analyze classical literature or historical texts where the concept of trade is discussed, understanding archaic or specialized usages of the kanji 売. They are adept at using the verb in highly stylized or literary contexts, employing rhetorical devices and subtle wordplay. At this level, 'urimasu' is a tool for expressing complex philosophical ideas about value, exchange, and human interaction. The learner can navigate any commercial or academic environment in Japan with absolute linguistic authority, using 'urimasu' and its vast network of related terms with impeccable precision and cultural resonance.

تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح

売ります في 30 ثانية

Meaning: To sell goods or services.
Form: Polite (masu-form) of the Godan verb 'uru'.
Usage: Requires the object particle 'o' (を).
Context: Used in shops, business, and daily life.

The Japanese verb urimasu is a fundamental vocabulary item that learners encounter early in their language acquisition journey, specifically at the CEFR A2 level. This verb is the polite, or masu-form, of the dictionary form uru. Understanding the morphological structure of this verb is crucial for mastering Japanese conjugation patterns and engaging in daily commerce. When considering the multifaceted nature of the Japanese lexicon, one must inevitably examine the profound implications of transactional verbs, among which urimasu stands as a quintessential example of commerce-oriented communication, bridging the gap between vendor and consumer in a highly structured polite society. The act of selling is not merely a financial transaction but a social interaction governed by rules of etiquette and mutual respect, which is why the polite form is so frequently employed in public spaces.

Core Definition: To exchange goods, services, or property for money or other compensation, expressed in a polite manner suitable for general social interactions.

Kanji Breakdown: The kanji 売 (bai/u) depicts the concept of selling. It is composed of elements that historically represented a person and a net or cover, symbolizing the display of goods for trade.

Sociolinguistic Context: Using the masu form indicates a level of social distance and respect, making it the default choice when speaking to customers, acquaintances, or superiors.

Watashi wa furui kuruma o 売ります.

I will sell my old car.

Kono mise wa hon o 売ります.

This shop sells books.

Kare wa tochi o 売ります.

He will sell the land.

Ashita, jitensha o 売ります.

Tomorrow, I will sell my bicycle.

Tomodachi ni pasokon o 売ります.

I will sell my computer to a friend.

In the broader context of Japanese culture, the concept of selling is deeply intertwined with the service industry's philosophy of omotenashi, or selfless hospitality. Even when engaging in a simple transaction, the language used reflects a deep-seated respect for the customer. Therefore, while urimasu translates simply to 'sell', its usage in a polite sentence carries the weight of this cultural expectation. Furthermore, understanding the nuances of this verb opens the door to comprehending more complex economic and business terminology in Japanese, making it a vital stepping stone for any serious learner aiming for fluency and cultural literacy.

Mastering the usage of urimasu requires a solid understanding of Japanese sentence structure, particularly the use of particles. As a transitive verb, urimasu directly acts upon an object. The item being sold is consistently marked with the object particle 'o' (を). The person to whom the item is being sold is marked with the target particle 'ni' (に). The location where the selling takes place is marked with the context particle 'de' (で). By combining these particles, learners can construct highly detailed and specific sentences about commercial transactions. For instance, one might say 'I sell apples to customers at the market', which requires the careful orchestration of these grammatical elements to convey the precise meaning intended by the speaker.

With Particle O (を): Used to mark the direct object being sold. Example: Hon o urimasu (I sell books).

With Particle Ni (に): Used to indicate the recipient or buyer. Example: Kyaku ni urimasu (I sell to the customer).

With Particle De (で): Used to indicate the location of the sale. Example: Mise de urimasu (I sell at the shop).

Kare wa shijou de yasai o 売ります.

He sells vegetables at the market.

Watashi wa intaanetto de fuku o 売ります.

I sell clothes on the internet.

Ano kaisha wa kaigai ni seihin o 売ります.

That company sells products overseas.

Takaku 売ります.

I will sell it at a high price.

Tomodachi ni yasukute 売ります.

I will sell it cheaply to my friend.

Beyond basic transactions, urimasu can be modified by adverbs to describe how something is sold. For example, 'takaku urimasu' means to sell at a high price, while 'yasuku urimasu' means to sell cheaply. This flexibility allows learners to express a wide range of commercial strategies and outcomes. Furthermore, the verb can be used in abstract contexts, such as 'selling an idea' or 'selling one's skills' during a job interview, demonstrating its versatility beyond physical goods. As learners progress, they will encounter compound verbs and idiomatic expressions that build upon the foundational concept of urimasu, enriching their expressive capabilities in Japanese.

The verb urimasu is ubiquitous in Japanese daily life, echoing through the bustling aisles of supermarkets, the quiet corners of traditional craft shops, and the digital storefronts of modern e-commerce platforms. Whether you are navigating the vibrant streets of Akihabara looking for electronics, or browsing a local flea market in Kyoto for antiques, the concept of selling is ever-present. Shop attendants frequently use the continuous form, utte imasu, to inform customers about their current inventory. Additionally, in the era of digital consumerism, platforms like Mercari and Yahoo Auctions have made the act of selling personal items a common topic of conversation among friends and colleagues, further cementing urimasu in everyday discourse.

Retail Stores: Clerks use it to confirm if they carry a specific item, often saying 'Hai, utte imasu' (Yes, we sell that).

Online Marketplaces: Individuals discuss selling their used goods online, a practice that has grown exponentially in recent years.

Business Meetings: Professionals use it when discussing sales strategies, product launches, and market expansion plans.

Sumimasen, kono mise de kabe o 売ります ka?

Excuse me, do you sell umbrellas at this shop?

Merukari de iranaimono o 売ります.

I will sell my unwanted items on Mercari.

Raigetsu, atarashii geemu o 売ります.

Next month, we will sell a new game.

Kare wa jidousha o 売ります.

He sells automobiles.

Kippu o 売ります.

I sell tickets.

Moreover, the concept of selling extends into the realm of real estate and financial markets, where urimasu is used to discuss the liquidation of assets, the trading of stocks, and the transfer of property rights. In these high-stakes environments, clear and precise communication is paramount, and the polite form ensures that all parties maintain a professional demeanor. Even in casual conversations among friends, discussing what one plans to sell can be a gateway to deeper conversations about personal values, minimalism, and financial goals, highlighting the verb's pervasive influence on both the macro and micro levels of Japanese society.

Despite its straightforward meaning, learners often stumble when using urimasu due to structural differences between Japanese and their native languages. One of the most frequent errors is the confusion between transitive and intransitive verbs. Urimasu is strictly transitive, meaning someone is actively selling something. The intransitive counterpart is urerumasu (to be sold/to sell well). Using the wrong particle, such as 'ga' instead of 'o', can completely alter the meaning of the sentence, leading to confusion. Another common pitfall is confusing urimasu (to sell) with kaimasu (to buy), as both are fundamental transactional verbs learned simultaneously, and their similar phonetic structure can cause cognitive mix-ups during spontaneous speech.

Particle Confusion: Incorrectly using 'ga' (subject marker) instead of 'o' (object marker). Say 'Hon o urimasu', not 'Hon ga urimasu'.

Transitive vs Intransitive: Confusing uru (to sell) with ureru (to be sold/to sell well). 'Kuruma ga ureru' means the car sells well, not that someone is selling it.

Vocabulary Mix-up: Accidentally saying kaimasu (buy) when meaning urimasu (sell). This is a classic beginner mistake due to simultaneous learning.

Mistake: Hon ga 売ります. (Incorrect particle)

Correction: Hon o urimasu. (I sell books.)

Mistake: Kono keeki wa yoku 売ります. (Wrong verb type)

Correction: Kono keeki wa yoku uremasu. (This cake sells well.)

Mistake: Watashi wa tomodachi o 売ります. (Contextually awkward)

Correction: Tomodachi ni urimasu. (I sell TO my friend. Selling a friend is illegal!)

Mistake: Ashita kaimasu. (When you meant sell)

Correction: Ashita urimasu. (I will sell it tomorrow.)

Mistake: Mise ni urimasu. (When meaning 'at the shop')

Correction: Mise de urimasu. (I sell AT the shop. 'ni' means selling TO the shop.)

To overcome these common mistakes, learners should practice constructing full sentences rather than memorizing vocabulary in isolation. By consistently pairing urimasu with its appropriate particles and objects, the correct grammatical structures will become second nature. Engaging in role-play exercises, such as simulating a marketplace transaction or an online sale negotiation, can significantly reinforce these patterns. Furthermore, exposing oneself to native Japanese media, such as shopping channels, business dramas, or marketplace advertisements, will provide ample examples of correct usage in natural contexts, helping to solidify the distinction between transitive and intransitive forms, as well as the proper application of locative and directional particles.

While urimasu is the most common and versatile verb for selling, the Japanese language boasts a rich vocabulary of related terms that offer more specific nuances depending on the context. Understanding these synonyms and related concepts allows learners to express themselves with greater precision and cultural appropriateness. For instance, in a formal business setting, one might opt for 'hanbai shimasu', which carries a more professional and institutional tone. Conversely, when discussing the act of putting something on the market for the first time, 'uridasu' is more appropriate. Exploring these subtle distinctions is key to advancing from basic fluency to a more sophisticated command of the language.

Hanbai shimasu (販売します): A formal, Sino-Japanese term for selling, often used by corporations, in official documents, or in formal announcements.

Uridashimasu (売り出します): To put on sale or to launch a product. It emphasizes the beginning of the sales process or a special promotional period.

Akinau (商う): A more traditional or literary term meaning to trade or deal in goods, often implying a continuous business operation.

Kono seihin wa zenkoku de hanbai shite imasu.

This product is sold nationwide. (Formal)

Atarashii sumaho o uridashimasu.

We will launch the new smartphone.

Kare wa kottoohin o akinatte imasu.

He deals in antiques.

Tenbai shimasu.

I will resell it. (Often used for scalping or flipping goods)

Oroshimasu.

I will sell wholesale.

By expanding one's vocabulary to include these related terms, learners can navigate a wider array of social and professional situations with confidence. Recognizing the difference between a simple personal sale (urimasu) and a corporate retail operation (hanbai shimasu) is crucial for accurate comprehension and expression. Furthermore, delving into compound words that utilize the kanji for selling, such as baibai (buying and selling) or eigyou (sales business), provides a deeper insight into the linguistic structure of Japanese commercial terminology, ultimately fostering a more holistic and nuanced understanding of the language as it is used in the real world.

How Formal Is It?

مستوى الصعوبة

قواعد يجب معرفتها

أمثلة حسب المستوى

わたしはほんを売ります。

I sell books.

Uses particle 'o' to mark the direct object.

くるまを売ります。

I will sell the car.

Subject is omitted, understood from context.

りんごを売ります。

I sell apples.

Basic Subject-Object-Verb structure.

なにを売りますか。

What do you sell?

Question particle 'ka' at the end.

これを売ります。

I will sell this.

Using demonstrative pronoun 'kore'.

パンを売ります。

I sell bread.

Katakana word for bread.

いえを売ります。

I sell the house.

Basic vocabulary 'ie'.

くつを売ります。

I sell shoes.

Basic vocabulary 'kutsu'.

インターネットで古い服を売ります。

I sell old clothes on the internet.

Particle 'de' indicates the location/method.

あの店は安いパソコンを売っています。

That shop sells cheap computers.

Te-iru form indicates continuous state.

友達に自転車を売りました。

I sold my bicycle to a friend.

Past tense 'urimashita' and particle 'ni' for recipient.

スーパーで野菜を売っています。

They sell vegetables at the supermarket.

Location marked with 'de'.

明日、ゲームを売ります。

Tomorrow, I will sell the game.

Time word 'ashita' at the beginning.

ここでチケットを売っていますか。

Are you selling tickets here?

Question about a continuous state.

高く売ります。

I will sell it at a high price.

Adverbial use of i-adjective 'takai'.

全部売りました。

I sold everything.

Using 'zenbu' as an adverb.

この会社は海外に製品を売っています。

This company sells products overseas.

Business context vocabulary.

中古車を売るビジネスを始めました。

I started a business selling used cars.

Verb modifying a noun (uru bijinesu).

その商品はもう売られていません。

That product is no longer being sold.

Passive continuous negative form.

彼は自分の絵を売って生活しています。

He makes a living by selling his paintings.

Te-form used to show method/means.

メルカリで不用品を売るのが好きです。

I like selling unnecessary items on Mercari.

Nominalizing the verb with 'no'.

安く買いたいですが、高く売りたいです。

I want to buy cheap, but sell high.

Tai-form expressing desire.

チケットはすぐに売り切れました。

The tickets sold out immediately.

Compound verb 'urikireru'.

家を売る前に、リフォームをします。

Before selling the house, I will renovate it.

Dictionary form + mae ni (before doing).

彼は投資家に新しいアイデアを売り込んだ。

He pitched (sold) his new idea to investors.

Compound verb 'urikomu' (to pitch/promote).

この小説は世界中で何百万部も売れている。

This novel is selling millions of copies worldwide.

Intransitive 'ureru' in te-iru form showing ongoing success.

企業は利益を最大化するために資産を売却する。

Companies sell off assets to maximize profits.

Formal vocabulary 'baikyaku suru' instead of uru.

自分のスキルをどうやって企業に売るかが重要だ。

How you sell your skills to companies is important.

Abstract use of 'uru'.

彼女は愛想を売るのが上手だ。

She is good at being overly friendly (selling charm).

Idiomatic expression 'aiso o uru'.

その政治家は国を売るような真似はしないと誓った。

The politician swore he would not do anything like selling out the country.

Metaphorical use meaning 'to betray'.

名前を売るためにテレビに出演した。

He appeared on TV to make a name for himself (sell his name).

Idiom 'namae o uru'.

あの店は品質の良さを売り物にしている。

That shop makes high quality its selling point.

Noun form 'urimono' (selling point/merchandise).

彼は悪魔に魂を売ってまで成功を手に入れた。

He achieved success even to the point of selling his soul to the devil.

Idiom 'tamashii o uru' combined with 'te made' (even to the extent of).

売り言葉に買い言葉で、つい激しい口論になってしまった。

Answering tit for tat, it accidentally turned into a fierce argument.

Proverbial expression 'urikotoba ni kaikotoba'.

仕事中に油を売っていては、上司に叱られますよ。

If you slack off (sell oil) during work, your boss will scold you.

Idiom 'abura o uru' meaning to waste time/gossip.

あいつはすぐ人に喧嘩を売る癖がある。

That guy has a habit of quickly picking fights (selling fights) with people.

Idiom 'kenka o uru'.

市場の独占を防ぐため、一部の事業を他社に売り渡すよう命じられた。

To prevent market monopoly, they were ordered to hand over (sell) some of their businesses to other companies.

Compound verb 'uriwatasu'.

不況の煽りを受け、先祖代々の土地を売り払う羽目になった。

Due to the recession, we ended up having to sell off our ancestral land.

Compound verb 'uriharau' (to sell off completely).

自らの信念を曲げてまで相手に媚びを売るつもりはない。

I have no intention of flattering (selling flattery to) the other party to the point of bending my own beliefs.

Idiom 'kobi o uru'.

その新興企業は、革新的な技術を武器に業界に打って出た。

The startup launched itself (sold itself) into the industry armed with innovative technology.

Advanced phrasing using 'utte deru'.

資本主義社会の構造的欠陥は、人間の尊厳すらも商品として売り捌く点にあると彼は論じた。

He argued that the structural flaw of capitalist society lies in its tendency to sell off even human dignity as a commodity.

Highly academic and abstract use of 'urisabaku'.

恩を仇で返すような真似をして、友を売る輩は信用に足らない。

Those who betray (sell) their friends, returning kindness with enmity, are not worthy of trust.

Literary phrasing 'tomo o uru yakara'.

その老舗旅館は、伝統という無形の価値を売りにすることで生き残りを図っている。

That long-established inn is trying to survive by making the intangible value of tradition its selling point.

Sophisticated use of 'uri ni suru'.

彼は巧みな弁舌で大衆に幻想を売り付け、一時代を築き上げた。

With his skillful eloquence, he forced illusions upon (sold to) the masses and built an era.

Compound verb 'uritsukeru' with a negative, manipulative connotation.

競売にかけられた美術品は、予想を遥かに上回る高値で競り落とされ、売却された。

The artwork put up for auction was knocked down and sold at a high price far exceeding expectations.

Formal legal/financial terminology 'baikyaku sareta'.

自らの節操を売り物にするような政治家には、国家の未来を託すことはできない。

We cannot entrust the future of the nation to a politician who makes a commodity of his own integrity.

Philosophical and critical use of 'urimono ni suru'.

市場原理至上主義は、あらゆる社会的関係を売買の対象へと還元してしまう危険性を孕んでいる。

Market fundamentalism is fraught with the danger of reducing all social relationships to objects of buying and selling.

Academic discourse using the noun form 'baibai'.

彼の小説は、人間の業の深さを売り言葉に買い言葉の応酬の中に巧みに描き出している。

His novel skillfully depicts the depth of human karma within the exchange of tit-for-tat arguments.

Literary analysis using the proverb 'urikotoba ni kaikotoba'.

تلازمات شائعة

家を売ります

車を売ります

安く売ります

高く売ります

ネットで売ります

魂を売ります

喧嘩を売ります

愛想を売ります

油を売ります

名前を売ります

العبارات الشائعة

何を売っていますか

売り切れました

売りに出す

売り言葉に買い言葉

売り上げが伸びる

売り場はどこですか

売り物にならない

売り手市場

恩を売る

顔を売る

يُخلط عادةً مع

売ります vs 買います (kaimasu - to buy)

売ります vs 売れます (uremasu - to be sold/to sell well)

売ります vs 占います (uranaimasu - to fortune tell)

تعبيرات اصطلاحية

سهل الخلط

売ります vs

أنماط الجُمل

كيفية الاستخدام

formality

Masu-form is standard polite. Safe for all general interactions.

transitivity

Strictly transitive. Requires an object.

أخطاء شائعة

Using 'ga' instead of 'o' for the object being sold.
Confusing 'urimasu' (sell) with 'kaimasu' (buy).
Using 'urimasu' when 'urerumasu' (intransitive) is needed.
Forgetting to use the te-iru form ('utte imasu') when describing a store's current inventory.
Using 'ni' for the location instead of 'de' (e.g., saying 'mise ni urimasu' instead of 'mise de urimasu').

نصائح

Particle Mastery

Always pair 'urimasu' with the object particle 'o' (を). This is the most critical grammatical rule for this verb. Without it, the sentence will sound unnatural.

Opposites Attract

Learn 'urimasu' (sell) and 'kaimasu' (buy) together. Create flashcards with contrasting images to solidify the difference in your memory.

Store Context

When asking a store clerk if they carry an item, use the continuous form 'utte imasu ka?' (Are you selling...?) rather than just 'urimasu ka?'.

Visualizing the Kanji

The kanji 売 has a top part that looks like a samurai (士) over a crown/cover (冖) and legs (儿). Imagine a samurai selling his armor.

Flat Pitch

Pronounce 'urimasu' with a flat pitch accent (heiban). Do not stress the 'ri' syllable heavily.

Selling Oil

Remember the idiom 'abura o uru' (selling oil). It actually means to slack off or waste time chatting during work!

Formal Upgrade

If you are writing a business email, upgrade 'urimasu' to 'hanbai itashimasu' to sound highly professional and respectful.

Mercari Lingo

If you use Japanese flea market apps, you will see 'shuppin suru' (to list an item) often used alongside 'uru'.

Godan Group

Remember that 'uru' is a Group 1 (Godan) verb. Its te-form is 'utte', which features a small 'tsu' (っ).

Catching Urikire

Train your ears to catch 'urikiremashita' in stores or restaurants. It will save you time when trying to order a popular item.

احفظها

وسيلة تذكّر

Imagine you are UP (uru) on a stage selling your items to the crowd.

أصل الكلمة

From Old Japanese 'uru'. The kanji 売 is composed of elements meaning a person and a net, indicating displaying goods.

السياق الثقافي

A massive cultural shift in Japan where individuals easily sell used goods online.

The Japanese spirit of hospitality, heavily influencing how goods are sold.

تدرّب في الحياة الواقعية

سياقات واقعية

بدايات محادثة

"最近、メルカリで何か売りましたか？ (Have you sold anything on Mercari recently?)"

"このお店は何を売っていますか？ (What does this shop sell?)"

"いらない服をどこで売りますか？ (Where do you sell unwanted clothes?)"

"将来、自分のビジネスで何を売りたいですか？ (What do you want to sell in your own business in the future?)"

"一番高く売れたものは何ですか？ (What is the highest-priced thing you've ever sold?)"

مواضيع للكتابة اليومية

Write about a time you sold something you no longer needed.

Describe your ideal shop and what you would sell there.

Explain the process of selling an item online in Japanese.

Discuss the difference between buying and selling in terms of emotion.

Write a short story about a merchant who sells magical items.

الأسئلة الشائعة

10 أسئلة

The dictionary form is 'uru' (売る). It is a Group 1 (Godan) verb. You use 'uru' in casual conversation or before certain grammar structures like 'mae ni' (before).

You use the te-iru form: 'utte imasu' (売っています). This indicates a continuous state or action. For example, 'Kono mise wa hon o utte imasu' means 'This shop sells books'.

'Urimasu' means to sell, while 'kaimasu' means to buy. They are opposites. A common beginner mistake is mixing them up because they are learned at the same time.

Use the particle 'o' (を) to mark the item being sold. For example, 'hon o urimasu' (sell a book). Use 'ni' (に) for the buyer, and 'de' (で) for the location.

The phrase for 'sold out' is 'urikire' (売り切れ) as a noun, or 'urikiremashita' (売り切れました) as a verb. You will often see 'urikire' signs in Japanese stores.

It is strictly transitive, meaning it takes a direct object. The intransitive equivalent is 'ureru' (売れる), which means 'to be sold' or 'to sell well'.

Yes, you can use it metaphorically. For example, 'namae o uru' (to make a name for oneself) or 'kenka o uru' (to pick a fight).

The polite negative form is 'urimasen' (売りません). The casual negative form is 'uranai' (売らない).

You drop the 'masu' and add 'tai desu'. So, 'urimasu' becomes 'uritai desu' (売りたいです).

'Hanbai shimasu' is a more formal, Sino-Japanese word for selling. It is typically used by businesses, in news reports, or in formal documents, whereas 'urimasu' is for general daily use.