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A2 adjective 10 دقيقة للقراءة

과도하다

gwadohada

تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح 과도하다 في 30 ثانية

الشرح 과도하다 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use '과도하다' often, but it is good to recognize it. Instead of this complex word, A1 learners usually use '너무' (too) with '많아요' (is many/much). For example, instead of saying '과도한 설탕' (excessive sugar), an A1 student would say '설탕이 너무 많아요' (There is too much sugar). However, you might see '과도하다' in simple health posters or on food packaging. The most important thing for an A1 learner is to know that '과' means 'over' or 'too much'. If you see a word starting with '과' like '과식' (overeating) or '과음' (overdrinking), it always means you did something too much. Think of '과도하다' as the big brother of '너무 많다'. It is used when you want to sound a bit more serious about something being too much. For example, if you eat ten pieces of cake, your teacher might say '너무 많이 먹었어요' (You ate too much), but a doctor would say '과도하게 먹었습니다' (You ate excessively). Learning this word early helps you understand that Korean has different levels of words for the same idea—one for everyday talk and one for serious situations.

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At the A2 level, you are starting to talk about your daily life, health, and habits. This is where '과도하다' becomes very useful. You can use it to describe things that are bad for your health. For instance, '과도한 운동' (excessive exercise) or '과도한 스트레스' (excessive stress). As an A2 learner, you should practice using the form '과도한 [Noun]'. It makes your Korean sound much more natural and mature. Instead of always saying '스트레스가 너무 많아요', try saying '과도한 스트레스 때문에 힘들어요' (I am having a hard time because of excessive stress). You will also start to see this word in news headlines for beginners. It often appears in stories about students studying too much or people spending too much money. Remember that '과도하다' is an adjective, so it describes a state. It is different from '많다' because it always implies that the amount is a problem. If you have 100 friends, that is '많다' (many), but it is not '과도하다' unless those 100 friends are making your life impossible to manage. Focus on using this word for things like 'work', 'study', 'exercise', and 'spending'.

For B1 learners, '과도하다' is a key word for participating in discussions and writing simple essays. At this level, you should be able to distinguish between '과도하다' and its synonyms like '심하다' (severe) or '지나치다' (to go too far). You should also be comfortable using the adverbial form '과도하게'. For example, '돈을 과도하게 쓰면 안 돼요' (You shouldn't spend money excessively). B1 learners often have to talk about social problems in Korea, such as the '과도한 교육열' (excessive passion for education) or '과도한 경쟁' (excessive competition). Using '과도하다' allows you to express a critical viewpoint. It shows that you understand not just that there is 'a lot' of something, but that the amount has exceeded a healthy or reasonable limit. You should also pay attention to how this word is used in formal emails or announcements. For example, '과도한 소음은 이웃에게 피해를 줍니다' (Excessive noise causes harm to neighbors). At this stage, try to replace '너무 많이' with '과도하게' in your writing to improve your score on tests like TOPIK.

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At the B2 level, you are expected to use '과도하다' in specialized contexts such as business, law, or science. You should understand the Hanja roots (過 - exceed, 度 - degree) and how they relate to other words like '한도' (limit) or '정도' (degree). B2 learners should use '과도하다' to describe abstract concepts. For instance, '과도한 규제' (excessive regulation), '과도한 기대' (excessive expectations), or '과도한 보도' (excessive media coverage). You should also be able to use it in complex sentence structures, such as '정부의 과도한 개입이 시장의 자율성을 해치고 있다' (The government's excessive intervention is harming the autonomy of the market). At this level, you should also notice the nuance that '과도하다' is often used in passive or objective observations. It is a word used by experts to analyze a situation. When you use '과도하다' instead of '심하다', you are signaling that you are providing a measured, objective critique rather than just expressing a personal feeling. Practice using it in debates to point out where a policy or a behavior has gone beyond what is necessary or helpful.

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C1 learners must master the subtle distinctions between '과도하다' and other high-level vocabulary like '과다하다' (to be superabundant) or '과잉' (surplus/excess). While '과도하다' focuses on the degree or measure being exceeded, '과다하다' often refers to a simple numerical surplus (like '업무 과다'), and '과잉' often refers to an overflow of supply (like '공급 과잉'). A C1 speaker uses '과도하다' to discuss complex socio-political issues with precision. For example, you might analyze '과도한 민족주의' (excessive nationalism) or '과도한 자기 객관화' (excessive self-objectification). You should also be able to use the word in formal academic writing, following it with appropriate particles and connecting it to logical consequences. For example, '과도한 자본주의적 경쟁은 인간 소외 현상을 심화시킨다' (Excessive capitalistic competition deepens the phenomenon of human alienation). At this level, '과도하다' is not just a word for 'too much'; it is a tool for systemic analysis. You should also be aware of its use in legal contexts, such as '과도한 자기방어' (excessive self-defense), where the 'degree' of action is a critical legal standard.

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At the C2 level, '과도하다' is a word you use to weave sophisticated arguments and nuanced critiques. You understand its historical and philosophical implications—how the concept of 'Do' (度) or 'measure' is central to East Asian thought, and how 'Gwa-do' (과도) represents a failure of the 'Middle Way'. You can use the word ironically or metaphorically in literature or high-level journalism. For example, you might describe a writer's '과도한 수사법' (excessive rhetoric) to critique their style. You are also aware of how the word functions in various professional domains, from '과도한 과세' (excessive taxation) in economics to '과도한 반응' (hypersensitivity/excessive reaction) in biology or psychology. A C2 speaker can seamlessly integrate '과도하다' into spontaneous speech during high-stakes negotiations or academic lectures, using it to set boundaries or define the limits of a theory. You also understand the stylistic difference between using the Native Korean '지나치다' and the Sino-Korean '과도하다' to achieve different rhetorical effects. Your use of the word is always contextually perfect, appearing exactly where an objective, formal, and precise description of excess is required.

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과도하다 في 30 ثانية

과도하다 means 'excessive' or 'more than necessary,' often used in formal or serious contexts like health, economics, or social issues to signal an unhealthy surplus.
It is composed of Hanja roots meaning 'exceed' (過) and 'degree' (度), literally translating to 'exceeding the proper degree' of something.
Commonly used as an adjective (과도한) to modify nouns like stress, exercise, or spending, or as an adverb (과도하게) to describe extreme actions.
Unlike the simple 'too many,' 과도하다 almost always carries a negative connotation, implying that the excess is problematic, irrational, or harmful to balance.

The Korean word 과도하다 (gwado-hada) is an adjective that translates to 'excessive,' 'immoderate,' or 'beyond the proper limit.' It is composed of the Hanja characters 過 (과 - to pass, to exceed) and 度 (도 - degree, measure). When you combine these, you get the literal meaning of 'passing the degree' or 'exceeding the measure.' This word is essential for English speakers because it allows for a more precise expression of 'too much' than the basic word '너무 많다' (too many/much). While '너무 많다' is general, 과도하다 carries a nuance of crossing a boundary that should not have been crossed, often leading to negative consequences or imbalance.

Semantic Range: It covers physical quantities, abstract concepts like stress or competition, and behaviors like spending or dieting. If something is described as 과도하다, it implies that the level is unhealthy, unsustainable, or irrational.

요즘 업무량이 과도해서 너무 피곤해요. (I am so tired because the workload is excessive lately.)

In Korean society, which often emphasizes hard work and high performance, you will hear this word frequently in discussions about health and social issues. For example, '과도한 교육열' (excessive passion for education) is a common phrase used in news reports to describe the intense pressure on students. Similarly, '과도한 다이어트' (excessive dieting) is used to warn people about the dangers of extreme weight loss measures. It is a word that calls for moderation and balance.

과도한 카페인 섭취는 심장에 좋지 않습니다. (Excessive caffeine intake is not good for the heart.)

Formal Context: This word is more formal than '심하다' (to be severe/extreme). You will find it in newspapers, medical reports, and academic papers where precision is required to describe an overflow or surplus that causes problems.

그의 행동은 과도한 자신감에서 비롯되었습니다. (His behavior stemmed from excessive self-confidence.)

Understanding 과도하다 also involves understanding the concept of 'Jeong-do' (the right degree). In Korean culture, staying within the right degree is a virtue. When someone is '과도하다', they are deviating from this path of moderation. Whether it is '과도한 지출' (excessive spending) or '과도한 경쟁' (excessive competition), the word serves as a linguistic red flag. It tells the listener that the situation has reached a point of potential harm or irrationality. For an English speaker, mastering this word will help you transition from basic 'too much' descriptions to more nuanced, adult-level critiques of situations and behaviors.

정부의 과도한 규제가 성장을 방해합니다. (Excessive government regulation hinders growth.)

Opposite Concept: The opposite would be '적절하다' (to be appropriate) or '부족하다' (to be insufficient). 과도하다 sits at the very top end of the scale of quantity or intensity.

이것은 과도한 걱정일 뿐입니다. (This is just an excessive worry.)

Using 과도하다 correctly requires understanding its grammatical behavior as a descriptive verb (adjective). In Korean, adjectives function similarly to verbs in that they can end a sentence or modify a noun directly. When ending a sentence, you will typically use the polite informal form 과도해요 or the formal form 과도합니다. When modifying a noun, it becomes 과도한. This is the most common way you will encounter the word in everyday speech and writing.

Attributive Form (Modifying Nouns): Structure: [과도한] + [Noun]. Example: 과도한 운동 (Excessive exercise), 과도한 관심 (Excessive interest/attention). This is used to define the nature of the noun as being 'too much'.

과도한 음주는 간에 치명적입니다. (Excessive drinking is fatal to the liver.)

When used as a predicate (at the end of the sentence), it often describes a situation or a state that has been observed. For instance, if someone sees a bill that is much higher than expected, they might say, '가격이 과도해요' (The price is excessive). It is important to note that 과도하다 is rarely used for positive things. You wouldn't say 'Her beauty is 과도하다' unless you meant she was so beautiful it was actually causing a problem or felt unnatural. It almost always carries a negative or cautionary connotation.

그 영화의 폭력성은 과도한 면이 있습니다. (The violence in that movie has an excessive side.)

Using with Particles: Commonly used with particles like ~이/가 (subject) or ~은/는 (topic). Example: 스트레스가 과도하다 (Stress is excessive). It can also be used with ~라고 (quotative) when reporting someone's opinion: '그는 그것이 과도하다고 생각했다' (He thought that was excessive).

부모님의 기대가 과도하면 아이가 힘들어해요. (If parents' expectations are excessive, the child suffers.)

In more advanced usage, you might see the adverbial form 과도하게. This is used to modify verbs. For example, '과도하게 웃다' (to laugh excessively) or '과도하게 소비하다' (to consume/spend excessively). This shows *how* an action is being performed. When you use the adverbial form, you are focusing on the manner of the action rather than the state of a noun. For learners, switching between '과도한' (adjective) and '과도하게' (adverb) is a key step in reaching B1/B2 proficiency.

설탕을 과도하게 넣지 마세요. (Don't put in sugar excessively.)

Sentence Patterns: 1. [Noun] + 이/가 과도하다. (Subject is excessive.)
2. 과도한 + [Noun] + 은/는 [Result]. (Excessive [Noun] leads to [Result].)

이 계획은 예산이 과도하게 책정되었습니다. (This plan has been budgeted excessively.)

You will encounter 과도하다 in various professional and social settings in Korea. While it might be a bit heavy for a casual chat about how much spicy rice cakes you ate, it is the standard term in news broadcasts, health documentaries, and office meetings. If you watch a Korean news segment about the economy, you will likely hear about '과도한 부채' (excessive debt) or '과도한 인플레이션' (excessive inflation). In these contexts, the word emphasizes a state of imbalance that requires intervention or caution.

In the Workplace: Managers might use it to critique a project: '이 프로젝트는 비용이 과도합니다' (This project's costs are excessive). Or employees might use it to describe their workload when talking to HR: '과도한 업무 때문에 번아웃이 왔어요' (I got burnout because of the excessive workload).

회의 시간이 과도하게 길어지고 있습니다. (The meeting time is getting excessively long.)

In medical and wellness contexts, doctors and trainers use it constantly. You'll see it on the back of supplement bottles or in health articles. Phrases like '과도한 스트레스 피하기' (avoiding excessive stress) or '과도한 수분 섭취의 위험성' (the dangers of excessive water intake) are ubiquitous. It sounds authoritative and clinical. If a doctor tells you your '운동량이 과도하다', they are telling you that your current level of physical activity is actually damaging your body rather than helping it.

스마트폰의 과도한 사용은 시력을 저하시킵니다. (Excessive use of smartphones degrades eyesight.)

In Legal and Social Debate: When discussing laws or police actions, '과도한 법 집행' (excessive law enforcement) or '과도한 사생활 침해' (excessive invasion of privacy) are terms used to argue for civil rights. It is a powerful word used to define the line between justice and overreach.

경찰의 진압이 과도했다는 비판이 있습니다. (There is criticism that the police suppression was excessive.)

Even in the world of beauty and fashion, you'll hear it. If a makeup artist thinks someone has put on too much foundation, they might say '화장이 과도해요' (The makeup is excessive/overdone). In this case, it means the look has lost its natural appeal and become artificial or distracting. Essentially, anywhere there is a 'proper limit' or a 'norm', 과도하다 is the word used to describe the act of stepping way over that line. It is a word of judgment and observation.

그의 농담은 때때로 과도해서 분위기를 망쳐요. (His jokes are sometimes excessive and ruin the mood.)

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make is using 과도하다 as a direct synonym for 'very much' or 'a lot' in a positive sense. In English, we might say 'He has excessive talent' to mean he is incredibly talented. In Korean, however, 과도하다 almost always implies that the amount is *wrong* or *bad*. If you want to say someone has a lot of talent in a positive way, use '재능이 아주 많다' or '뛰어나다' (outstanding). Using 과도하다 would imply his talent is somehow a problem or a burden.

Confusion with '많다' (Many/Much): Mistake: '사과가 과도해요' (The apples are excessive - when you just mean you have many apples). Correct: '사과가 아주 많아요'. Use 과도하다 only if the number of apples is causing a specific problem, like the table breaking under their weight.

X: 친절이 과도해요 (Kindness is excessive - sounds like a complaint). O: 정말 친절하시네요 (You are very kind).

Another common error is confusing 과도하다 with 과하다. While they are very similar, '과하다' is slightly more flexible and can be used in more casual settings, whereas '과도하다' is more formal and descriptive of a state. Using '과도하다' in a very casual conversation about a friend's outfit might sound a bit too clinical or like you're reading from a textbook. In that case, '옷이 좀 과한 거 아냐?' (Isn't the outfit a bit much?) sounds more natural.

X: 스트레스 과도한. (Stress excessive - incomplete). O: 스트레스가 과도해요. (Stress is excessive.)

Overusing Adverbial Form: Learners often use '과도하게' as a generic intensifier like 'really'. Mistake: '과도하게 예뻐요' (Excessively pretty - sounds like she's so pretty it's frightening). Use '정말', '진짜', or '매우' for positive intensity.

X: 과도하게 맛있어요. (Excessively delicious - unnatural). O: 정말 맛있어요. (Really delicious.)

Lastly, be careful with the Hanja roots. Since '과' (過) means to pass, learners sometimes mix it up with other '과' words like '과거' (past) or '과정' (process). Remember that '과도' specifically refers to 'passing the degree' (degree = 度). If you keep the image of a thermometer or a scale in your head, where the needle has swung way past the red line, you will avoid using it in contexts where you just mean 'many' or 'long ago'. Precision in Hanja-based vocabulary is what separates intermediate learners from advanced speakers.

이 약은 과도하게 복용하면 위험합니다. (It is dangerous if you take this medicine excessively.)

To truly master 과도하다, you need to know how it compares to its synonyms. Korean has many ways to express 'excess', and choosing the right one depends on the register (formality) and the specific nuance you want to convey. The most common alternatives are 과하다, 지나치다, 심하다, and 넘치다. Each of these has a slightly different 'flavor' and set of typical collocations.

과도하다 vs. 과하다: '과하다' is the shorter, more colloquial version of '과도하다'. It is used frequently in speech. '과도하다' is more formal and used in writing or official reports. Think of '과하다' as 'too much' and '과도하다' as 'excessive'.

농담이 좀 과하네. (The joke is a bit much. - Colloquial)
과도한 농담은 실례가 될 수 있습니다. (Excessive joking can be rude. - Formal)

과도하다 vs. 지나치다: '지나치다' literally means 'to pass by'. It is used when someone goes beyond a moral or behavioral limit. While '과도하다' focuses on the *amount* or *degree*, '지나치다' often focuses on the *act* of overstepping. You might say '행동이 지나치다' (The behavior is going too far).

그의 간섭은 정말 지나쳐요. (His interference is really going too far.)

Another word is 심하다 (to be severe). This word is used when something is extreme or intense, often in a negative way. You can have '심한 감기' (a severe cold) or '심한 욕설' (severe swearing). While '과도하다' is about quantity/degree, '심하다' is more about intensity/severity. Finally, 넘치다 (to overflow) is a more poetic or literal way to say something is too much. '자신감이 넘치다' (to overflow with confidence) can actually be a positive thing, unlike '과도한 자신감'.

장난이 너무 심해요. (The prank/joke is too severe/mean.)

Comparison Table: - 과도하다: Formal, measurable degree (Stress, Spending)
- 지나치다: Behavioral, crossing a line (Interference, Jokes)
- 심하다: Intensity, severity (Cold, Pain, Swearing)
- 과하다: Casual version of 과도하다

그녀는 열정이 넘쳐요. (She is overflowing with passion. - Positive!)

How Formal Is It?

حقيقة ممتعة

The character '度' (do) originally represented a hand measuring a length of cloth, emphasizing that '과도' is about breaking a physical or social measurement.

دليل النطق

UK /ɡwa.do.ha.da/

US /ɡwa.do.ha.da/

In Korean, stress is generally even across syllables, but a slight emphasis can be placed on the first syllable '과' to highlight the meaning of 'excess'.

يتقافى مع

기도하다 (to pray) 보도하다 (to report) 유도하다 (to induce) 시도하다 (to attempt) 중도하다 (to stop midway) 수도하다 (to practice asceticism) 천도하다 (to move the capital) 매도하다 (to sell off/denounce)

أخطاء شائعة

Pronouncing '과' as 'ko-wa' (two syllables) instead of a single 'gwa' sound.
Pronouncing '도' like the English 'do' (to perform) instead of a softer 'doh' sound.
Misplacing the stress on the 'ha' syllable.
Failing to aspirate the 'h' in 'hada' clearly.
Confusing the vowel 'ㅗ' (o) with 'ㅜ' (u).

مستوى الصعوبة

القراءة 3/5

Common in news and health articles, but requires Hanja knowledge for deep understanding.

الكتابة 4/5

Requires knowing when to use the adjective vs. adverb form.

التحدث 3/5

Easy to pronounce but requires a formal context to sound natural.

الاستماع 3/5

Distinguishable by the 'gwa' sound, often heard in serious media.

ماذا تتعلّم بعد ذلك

المتطلبات الأساسية

많다 (many/much) 너무 (too) 정도 (degree) 넘다 (to exceed/cross)

تعلّم لاحقاً

과다하다 (superabundant) 과잉 (surplus) 지나치다 (to pass by) 심하다 (severe)

متقدم

과유불급 (idiom) 한도 (limit) 임계치 (threshold) 포화 (saturation)

قواعد يجب معرفتها

~ㄴ/은/는 것 같다

업무가 과도한 것 같아요. (It seems the work is excessive.)

~기 때문에

과도한 스트레스 때문에 힘들어요. (I'm struggling because of excessive stress.)

~지 마세요

과도하게 걱정하지 마세요. (Don't worry excessively.)

~ㄹ수록

경쟁이 과도할수록 사람들은 지쳐요. (The more excessive the competition, the more tired people get.)

~아/어/여서

지출이 과도해서 돈이 없어요. (Because spending was excessive, I have no money.)

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أمثلة حسب المستوى

설탕이 과도해요.

The sugar is excessive.

과도하다 is used as a predicate here.

과도한 소금은 안 좋아요.

Excessive salt is not good.

과도한 modifies the noun 소금.

게임이 과도해요.

The gaming is excessive.

Simple subject-adjective structure.

과도한 잠은 나빠요.

Excessive sleep is bad.

과도한 used as an adjective.

일이 과도해요.

The work is excessive.

Using 과도하다 to describe a workload.

과도한 물은 위험해요.

Excessive water is dangerous.

Warning about over-watering.

텔레비전이 과도해요.

TV (watching) is excessive.

Noun + 이/가 과도하다.

과도한 돈은 필요 없어요.

I don't need excessive money.

Using 과도한 to describe an unnecessary amount.

과도한 운동은 몸에 해로워요.

Excessive exercise is harmful to the body.

해로워요 means 'is harmful'.

과도한 스트레스는 만병의 근원입니다.

Excessive stress is the root of all diseases.

A very common Korean proverb-like saying.

커피를 과도하게 마시지 마세요.

Don't drink coffee excessively.

Adverbial form 과도하게 modifying the verb 마시다.

과도한 지출을 줄여야 해요.

We must reduce excessive spending.

지출 means 'spending' or 'expenditure'.

요즘 업무량이 과도한 것 같아요.

I think the workload is excessive lately.

~ㄴ 것 같다 means 'it seems like' or 'I think'.

과도한 다이어트는 건강을 해칩니다.

Excessive dieting ruins your health.

해칩니다 means 'damages' or 'harms'.

비타민을 과도하게 섭취하면 안 됩니다.

You should not consume vitamins excessively.

섭취하다 is a formal word for 'consume/ingest'.

아이에게 과도한 칭찬은 독이 될 수 있어요.

Excessive praise for a child can be poison.

독이 되다 means 'to become poison'.

과도한 경쟁은 사회적 문제입니다.

Excessive competition is a social problem.

경쟁 means 'competition'.

그 영화는 폭력성이 과도해서 비판을 받았다.

The movie was criticized because its violence was excessive.

폭력성 means 'violence' as a characteristic.

과도하게 긴장하면 실수를 하기 쉽습니다.

If you are excessively nervous, it's easy to make mistakes.

~기 쉽다 means 'it is easy to'.

정부의 과도한 규제가 경제를 위축시킨다.

Excessive government regulation shrinks the economy.

위축시키다 means 'to shrink' or 'to wither'.

과도한 관심을 부담스러워하는 사람들이 많아요.

There are many people who find excessive attention burdensome.

부담스럽다 means 'to be burdensome'.

그의 주장은 과도한 논리의 비약이 있다.

His argument has an excessive leap in logic.

논리의 비약 is a 'leap in logic'.

과도한 냉방은 냉방병의 원인이 됩니다.

Excessive air conditioning causes air-conditioningitis.

냉방병 refers to illness caused by too much AC.

화장이 과도하면 본래의 얼굴을 잃게 됩니다.

If makeup is excessive, you lose your original face.

~게 되다 indicates a change of state.

과도한 자기애는 타인에게 상처를 줄 수 있다.

Excessive self-love can hurt others.

자기애 means 'narcissism' or 'self-love'.

시장의 과도한 변동성은 투자자들을 불안하게 한다.

Excessive volatility in the market makes investors anxious.

변동성 means 'volatility'.

과도하게 포장된 상품은 환경 오염의 주범이다.

Excessively packaged products are the main culprits of environmental pollution.

주범 means 'main culprit'.

과도한 사교육비 지출이 가계 경제를 위협하고 있다.

Excessive spending on private education is threatening household economies.

사교육비 refers to private tutoring/academy costs.

이 약을 과도하게 투여할 경우 부작용이 발생할 수 있습니다.

If this medicine is administered excessively, side effects may occur.

투여하다 is a medical term for 'to administer'.

과도한 권력의 집중은 부패를 낳기 마련이다.

Excessive concentration of power is bound to breed corruption.

~기 마련이다 means 'to be bound to'.

과도한 스포일러는 영화 감상을 방해합니다.

Excessive spoilers hinder the movie-watching experience.

방해하다 means 'to disturb' or 'to hinder'.

이 건물은 과도한 냉방으로 인해 에너지를 낭비하고 있다.

This building is wasting energy due to excessive air conditioning.

~로 인해 means 'due to'.

과도한 가부장적 질서는 현대 사회와 충돌한다.

Excessive patriarchal order conflicts with modern society.

가부장적 means 'patriarchal'.

언론의 과도한 사생활 침해에 대한 법적 대응이 필요하다.

Legal action is needed against the media's excessive invasion of privacy.

사생활 침해 means 'invasion of privacy'.

과도한 일반화의 오류에 빠지지 않도록 주의해야 한다.

We must be careful not to fall into the error of excessive generalization.

일반화의 오류 is 'fallacy of generalization'.

작가의 과도한 수사법이 오히려 독서의 몰입을 방해한다.

The author's excessive rhetoric actually hinders the immersion in reading.

수사법 means 'rhetoric' or 'figures of speech'.

과도한 세금 징수는 기업의 투자 의욕을 꺾을 수 있다.

Excessive tax collection can dampen companies' desire to invest.

징수 means 'collection' (usually of taxes).

신체의 과도한 면역 반응이 알레르기를 유발한다.

The body's excessive immune response causes allergies.

유발하다 means 'to cause' or 'to trigger'.

과도한 낙관주의는 현실적인 위협을 간과하게 만든다.

Excessive optimism makes one overlook realistic threats.

간과하다 means 'to overlook' or 'to ignore'.

법원의 판결이 과도하게 가혹하다는 여론이 형성되었다.

Public opinion has formed that the court's ruling is excessively harsh.

가혹하다 means 'to be harsh' or 'to be cruel'.

현대인은 과도한 정보의 홍수 속에서 진실을 찾기 위해 분투한다.

Modern people struggle to find the truth amidst an excessive flood of information.

분투하다 means 'to struggle' or 'to strive'.

과도한 자본의 논리가 예술의 순수성을 훼손해서는 안 된다.

The logic of excessive capital must not damage the purity of art.

훼손하다 means 'to damage' or 'to deface'.

국가의 과도한 개입은 시민 사회의 자생력을 약화시킬 우려가 있다.

There is a concern that excessive state intervention might weaken the self-sustainability of civil society.

~ㄹ 우려가 있다 means 'there is a concern that'.

과도한 기술 만능주의는 인간 소외라는 부작용을 낳는다.

Excessive technological omnipotence breeds the side effect of human alienation.

기술 만능주의 is 'technological determinism' or 'tech-fix'.

그 논문은 과도한 인용으로 인해 독창성이 부족하다는 평가를 받았다.

The thesis was evaluated as lacking originality due to excessive citations.

독창성 means 'originality'.

과도한 성과주의가 조직원들의 창의성을 억압하고 있다.

Excessive meritocracy is suppressing the creativity of organization members.

성과주의 is 'meritocracy' or 'performance-based system'.

과도한 물리적 제재는 오히려 저항을 불러일으킬 뿐이다.

Excessive physical sanctions only arouse further resistance.

불러일으키다 means 'to arouse' or 'to cause'.

과도한 소비 지상주의는 지구 자원의 고갈을 초래한다.

Excessive consumerism leads to the depletion of Earth's resources.

고갈 means 'depletion' or 'exhaustion'.

تلازمات شائعة

과도한 스트레스

과도한 경쟁

과도한 지출

과도한 관심

과도한 업무

과도한 다이어트

과도한 규제

과도한 기대

과도한 섭취

과도한 노출

العبارات الشائعة

과도하게 ~하다

— To do something excessively. Used to describe an action that is overdone.

과도하게 걱정하지 마세요. (Don't worry excessively.)

과도한 면이 있다

— To have an excessive aspect. Used when something is mostly okay but has some too-much parts.

그의 말은 과도한 면이 있다. (His words have an excessive side.)

과도한 반응을 보이다

— To show an excessive reaction. To overreact to a situation.

그는 작은 실수에 과도한 반응을 보였다. (He overreacted to a small mistake.)

과도한 욕심

— Excessive greed. Wanting more than one's fair share or capacity.

과도한 욕심은 화를 부른다. (Excessive greed brings trouble.)

과도한 보도

— Excessive media coverage. When news outlets report too much on one thing.

사건에 대한 과도한 보도가 이어졌다. (Excessive coverage of the incident followed.)

과도한 소음

— Excessive noise. Loudness that goes beyond the acceptable level.

과도한 소음은 층간 소음 갈등을 일으킨다. (Excessive noise causes conflicts between floors.)

과도한 자신감

— Excessive self-confidence. Overconfidence that can lead to failure.

과도한 자신감은 독이 될 수 있다. (Excessive confidence can be poison.)

과도한 운동

— Excessive exercise. Working out to the point of injury.

과도한 운동 후에는 휴식이 필요하다. (After excessive exercise, rest is needed.)

과도한 화장

— Excessive makeup. Wearing too much makeup.

과도한 화장은 피부에 좋지 않다. (Excessive makeup is not good for the skin.)

과도한 경쟁심

— Excessive competitiveness. A drive to win that becomes unhealthy.

그는 과도한 경쟁심 때문에 친구가 없다. (He has no friends because of his excessive competitiveness.)

يُخلط عادةً مع

과도하다 vs 과도기 (過渡期)

This means 'transitional period'. It sounds identical in the first two syllables but has completely different Hanja and meaning.

과도하다 vs 과다하다 (過多--)

This means 'to be superabundant'. While similar, 과다하다 is often used for physical quantities (like blood loss), whereas 과도하다 is for degrees/limits.

과도하다 vs 과거 (過去)

This means 'the past'. Both start with '과' (過 - to pass), but one is about passing through time, the other about passing a limit.

تعبيرات اصطلاحية

"과유불급 (過猶不及)"

— Going too far is as bad as not going far enough. This is the ultimate idiom related to 과도하다.

운동도 너무 많이 하면 안 돼. 과유불급이야.

Formal/Literary

"과욕을 부리다"

— To act with excessive greed. To try to take more than one can handle.

너무 과욕을 부리다가 일을 망쳤다.

Neutral

"선(을) 넘다"

— To cross the line. Used when behavior becomes excessive or inappropriate.

그 농담은 선을 넘었어.

Informal/Slang

"오버하다"

— To overdo it (from the English 'over'). A very common casual way to say someone is being excessive.

야, 너무 오버하지 마.

Informal/Slang

"배보다 배꼽이 더 크다"

— The belly button is bigger than the belly. Used when the 'excessive' side effects or costs outweigh the main thing.

배송비가 물건값보다 비싸니 배보다 배꼽이 더 크네.

Neutral/Idiomatic

"지나치면 모자람만 못하다"

— Being excessive is worse than being insufficient. A variation of 과유불급.

음식도 지나치면 모자람만 못하니 적당히 먹어라.

Formal

"눈이 뒤집히다"

— One's eyes turn inside out (with greed or anger). To be so excessive in emotion that one loses reason.

돈에 눈이 뒤집혀서 과도한 투자를 했다.

Informal

"피가 마르다"

— One's blood dries up. To be under such excessive stress or anxiety that it feels life-threatening.

과도한 업무 때문에 피가 마르는 기분이다.

Informal

"뼈를 깎다"

— To carve one's bones. To put in such excessive, painful effort that it is almost self-destructive.

과도한 훈련으로 뼈를 깎는 노력을 했다.

Literary

"입이 벌어지다"

— One's mouth hangs open. To be shocked by an excessive amount or degree.

과도한 가격에 입이 벌어졌다.

Neutral

سهل الخلط

과도하다 vs 지나치다

Both mean 'excessive'.

지나치다 is more behavioral and can mean 'to pass by'. 과도하다 is more about a measurable degree/quantity and is more formal.

농담이 지나치다 (Correct). 농담이 과도하다 (A bit too formal).

과도하다 vs 심하다

Both describe a lot of something negative.

심하다 describes intensity or severity. 과도하다 describes a surplus beyond a limit.

장난이 심하다 (The prank is mean/intense). 업무가 과도하다 (The workload is too much in quantity).

과도하다 vs 과하다

They are essentially the same word.

과하다 is the casual/shorter version. 과도하다 is the full, formal version. Use 과하다 when speaking to friends.

화장이 과해. (Your makeup is a bit much.)

과도하다 vs 많다

Both refer to quantity.

많다 is neutral and just means 'many/much'. 과도하다 is always negative and means 'too much/excessive'.

친구가 많다 (Good). 업무가 과도하다 (Bad).

과도하다 vs 넘치다

Both describe an overabundance.

넘치다 (to overflow) can be positive (passion, energy). 과도하다 is almost never positive.

자신감이 넘치다 (Confident). 과도한 자신감 (Arrogant/Problematic).

أنماط الجُمل

과도한 [Noun]은/는 [Negative Result].

과도한 운동은 몸에 나빠요.

[Noun]이/가 과도해요.

설탕이 과도해요.

과도한 [Noun] 때문에 [Problem].

과도한 업무 때문에 피곤해요.

[Verb]을/를 과도하게 하지 마세요.

걱정을 과도하게 하지 마세요.

[Noun]의 과도한 [Noun]은/는 [Issue]를 유발한다.

언론의 과도한 보도는 공포를 유발한다.

[Noun]이/가 과도하게 [Verb-ed] 되었다.

예산이 과도하게 책정되었다.

과도한 [Concept]은 [Social Phenomenon]을 초래한다.

과도한 성과주의는 인간 소외를 초래한다.

[Action]이 과도했다는 비판이 있다.

경찰의 진압이 과도했다는 비판이 있다.

عائلة الكلمة

الأسماء

과도 (excess)

과다 (superabundance)

과잉 (surplus)

한도 (limit)

정도 (degree)

الأفعال

초과하다 (to exceed)

넘어서다 (to cross over)

지나치다 (to pass by/be excessive)

الصفات

과도하다 (excessive)

과하다 (too much)

심하다 (severe)

지나치다 (excessive)

مرتبط

과식 (overeating)

과음 (overdrinking)

과로 (overworking)

과소비 (overspending)

과신 (overconfidence)

سجّل مجاناً لرؤية جميع الأمثلة

كيفية الاستخدام

frequency

High in news, medical, and professional writing. Medium in daily speech.

أخطاء شائعة

Using '과도하다' for positive things. → 재능이 아주 많아요. (He has a lot of talent.)
'과도하다' implies the amount is a problem. Saying someone has '과도한 재능' sounds like their talent is making their life difficult.
Confusing '과도하다' with '과도기'. → 우리 회사는 지금 과도기예요. (Our company is in a transition period.)
'과도기' (transitional period) and '과도' (excessive) share the same first two syllables but have different meanings. Don't mix them up!
Using '과도하게' as a generic 'really'. → 정말 예뻐요. (It's really pretty.)
'과도하게 예뻐요' sounds like the person is so pretty it's unnatural or scary. Use '정말' or '매우' for positive intensity.
Forgetting the '하다' in the adjective form. → 과도한 스트레스 (Excessive stress)
Learners sometimes just say '과도 스트레스'. You must include the '한' (from 하다) to turn it into a modifier for the noun.
Using '과도하다' for countable items in daily life. → 사과가 너무 많아요. (There are too many apples.)
You wouldn't say '사과가 과도해요' unless the sheer number of apples was a serious, systemic problem. Keep it for abstract concepts or formal quantities.

نصائح

Adjective vs. Adverb

Remember to use '과도한' before a noun and '과도하게' before a verb. Mixing them up is a common learner mistake. For example, '과도하게 스트레스' is wrong; it must be '과도한 스트레스'.

Negative Connotation

Always assume '과도하다' is a negative critique. If you use it to praise someone, they might think you are actually insulting them or saying they are 'too much' to handle.

Hanja Power

Learn the character 過 (과). It appears in many words like 과식 (overeating), 과음 (overdrinking), and 과로 (overworking). This will help you guess the meaning of many 'too much' words.

Use in Presentations

In a presentation, '과도하다' sounds much more professional and objective than '너무 많다'. It shows you have a high level of vocabulary and can analyze data critically.

Topic Sentences

Use '과도한 [Noun]은/는 [Problem]의 원인이다' as a strong opening sentence for an essay about social or health issues. It clearly states your position.

News Keywords

When you hear '과도' on the news, pay attention to the word that follows. It is usually the subject of the news report's concern, like '부채' (debt) or '경쟁' (competition).

Medical Context

If a doctor says something is '과도하다', take it seriously. It means you are in a range that is medically concerning or harmful to your health.

Casual Alternative

If '과도하다' feels too heavy, use '과하다'. It's the same meaning but fits better in a casual dinner conversation or a chat with friends.

The Golden Rule

Associate '과도하다' with the idiom '과유불급'. Both teach the same lesson: that excess is just as bad as deficiency. This helps cement the meaning in a cultural context.

The 'Gwa' Sound

Practice the 'gwa' (과) sound. It's a quick glide. Don't let it become 'ko-wa'. A crisp 'gwa' makes you sound like a native speaker.

احفظها

وسيلة تذكّر

Think of 'Gwa' as 'Gone too far' and 'Do' as 'Dose'. A 'Gwa-do' is when you've 'Gone' past the safe 'Dose'.

ربط بصري

Visualize a thermometer where the red liquid has burst through the top because the heat was '과도하다'.

Word Web

Stress Spending Exercise Competition Regulation Expectation Caffeine Noise

تحدٍّ

Try to find three things in your current room that are '과도하다'. Is the light too bright? Is there too much trash? Is the silence too heavy? Describe them using '과도해요'.

أصل الكلمة

Derived from Sino-Korean (Hanja). The word has been used for centuries in East Asian legal and philosophical texts to describe a lack of moderation.

المعنى الأصلي: To pass (過) the measure or degree (度).

Sino-Korean (Hanja-based)

السياق الثقافي

Be careful when using this to describe people's personalities; it can sound like a harsh character judgment.

In English, 'excessive' can sometimes be used ironically or even positively ('excessive talent'). In Korean, keep it strictly for negative or cautionary situations.

News reports on '과도한 사교육' (excessive private education). Medical warnings about '과도한 스마트폰 사용' (excessive smartphone use). Legal debates about '과도한 정당방위' (excessive self-defense).

تدرّب في الحياة الواقعية

سياقات واقعية

Health/Medical

과도한 카페인
과도한 스트레스
과도한 운동
과도한 섭취

Economy/Finance

과도한 지출
과도한 부채
과도한 인플레이션
과도한 세금

Social Issues

과도한 경쟁
과도한 교육열
과도한 사생활 침해
과도한 보도

Workplace

과도한 업무
과도한 야근
과도한 규제
과도한 기대

Interpersonal

과도한 관심
과도한 친절
과도한 농담
과도한 참견

بدايات محادثة

"요즘 업무량이 과도하다고 생각하지 않으세요? (Don't you think the workload is excessive lately?)"

"한국의 교육열이 너무 과도한 것 같아요. 어떻게 생각하세요? (I think Korea's passion for education is too excessive. What do you think?)"

"과도한 스트레스를 해소하는 나만의 방법이 있나요? (Do you have your own way to relieve excessive stress?)"

"스마트폰의 과도한 사용이 아이들에게 어떤 영향을 줄까요? (What effect does excessive smartphone use have on children?)"

"최근에 과도한 지출을 한 적이 있나요? (Have you spent excessively recently?)"

مواضيع للكتابة اليومية

내 삶에서 '과도하다'고 느끼는 부분은 무엇인가요? (What parts of my life feel 'excessive'?)

과도한 경쟁 사회에서 살아남는 방법에 대해 써보세요. (Write about how to survive in an excessively competitive society.)

내가 과도하게 집착하고 있는 것이 있다면 무엇인가요? (Is there anything I am excessively obsessed with?)

과도한 친절이 가끔은 왜 불편하게 느껴질까요? (Why does excessive kindness sometimes feel uncomfortable?)

건강을 위해 과도하게 하고 있는 습관을 어떻게 고칠 수 있을까요? (How can I fix habits I am doing excessively for my health?)

الأسئلة الشائعة

10 أسئلة

Almost never. In Korean, '과도하다' implies that a limit has been crossed, leading to imbalance or trouble. If you want to say something is 'excessively good', use words like '엄청나다' (amazing) or '뛰어나다' (outstanding). Even '과도한 열정' (excessive passion) usually sounds like a warning that the person will get burned out.

'과도한' is the adjective form used to modify a noun (e.g., 과도한 스트레스 - excessive stress). '과도하게' is the adverbial form used to modify a verb (e.g., 과도하게 먹다 - to eat excessively). Use the adjective to describe a thing and the adverb to describe an action.

You can use it to describe a person's *behavior* or *traits* (like '그의 욕심은 과도하다'), but you don't usually call a person '과도한 사람'. It sounds more natural to describe their actions or specific qualities as excessive.

The most common casual way is to use '너무' with a verb or adjective (e.g., '너무 많아', '너무 심해'). You can also use '과해' as a shorter, slightly more colloquial version of '과도해요'.

Yes, very much so. It is the standard word for 'excessive' in reports, meetings, and negotiations. For example, '과도한 비용' (excessive costs) or '과도한 요구' (excessive demands) are common business terms.

The Hanja are 過 (과 - to pass/exceed) and 度 (도 - degree/measure). Understanding these helps you see that the word literally means 'exceeding the proper measure'.

Yes, for example, '과도한 시간 소요' (excessive time consumption) or '과도하게 길다' (excessively long). It implies the time taken is unreasonable.

They are very close. '과다하다' is often used for physical/countable surpluses (like '혈구 과다' - excess blood cells), while '과도하다' is used for more abstract degrees or behaviors (like '과도한 경쟁').

On social media, people might use '과하다' or '오버하다' to comment on someone's theatrical behavior or extreme fashion. '과도하다' might sound a bit too serious for a comment section unless it's a serious debate.

By far, '과도한 스트레스' (excessive stress) is the most common phrase you will hear and see in Korean media and daily life.

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