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A2 adjective 9 دقيقة للقراءة

비생산적이다

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أمثلة
الشرح 비생산적이다 in your Level:
At the A1 level, the word '비생산적이다' might seem a bit advanced because it is a long word with Hanja roots. However, even beginners can understand its basic meaning: 'not good work' or 'wasting time'. Think of it as the opposite of doing something well. If you are a student and you play games all day instead of studying, that is '비생산적' (unproductive). At this level, you should focus on the simple form '비생산적이에요'. You can use it to talk about your daily routine. For example, '오늘 제 하루는 비생산적이었어요' (My day today was unproductive). This is a great way to express a feeling of not having done much. Beginners often learn the word '생산적' (productive) first, so just remember that adding '비' at the beginning makes it the opposite. You don't need to worry about complex grammar yet; just use it as a simple description for activities that don't help you reach your goals. It's a useful word for talking about habits like watching too much TV or sleeping too late. Even at A1, using a word like this shows that you are learning more sophisticated vocabulary than just '좋아요' (good) or '나빠요' (bad). Try to use it when you feel like you wasted your weekend. It's a common feeling, and '비생산적이에요' captures it perfectly. Remember that in Korean, the 'is' is built into the word, so you don't need another verb. Just say '이것은 비생산적이에요'. As you practice, you will notice that many Korean words start with '비' to mean 'not', which will help you learn even more words in the future. For now, just think of '비생산적이다' as a fancy way to say 'I didn't get anything done'.
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At the A2 level, you can start using '비생산적이다' in more varied sentence structures. You are likely learning how to connect sentences and use modifiers. This is the perfect time to learn the form '비생산적인'. This allows you to describe nouns directly, like '비생산적인 습관' (unproductive habit) or '비생산적인 시간' (unproductive time). You can also use it with the 'because' pattern: '비생산적이라서 싫어요' (I don't like it because it's unproductive). At this level, you should understand that this word is often used in the context of work or study. If a teacher gives you too much homework that doesn't help you learn, you might think it's '비생산적'. You can also use the adverb form '비생산적으로' to describe how you do things. For example, '비생산적으로 일하지 마세요' (Don't work unproductively). This is a step up from basic A1 sentences. You are starting to talk about the quality of actions, not just the actions themselves. You might also encounter this word in simple news clips or social media posts about time management. It's a very common word in the 'self-improvement' space in Korea. If you follow Korean influencers who talk about 'daily vlogs' or 'study with me', they often use this word when they feel they haven't been efficient. Learning this word helps you participate in those conversations. It also helps you distinguish between being 'busy' and being 'productive'. In Korean, you can be '바쁘다' (busy) but still be '비생산적'. This is a nuance that A2 learners can start to grasp. Practice by looking at your own schedule and identifying which parts are '생산적' (productive) and which are '비생산적'. This will help you memorize the word and its meaning in a practical way.
At the B1 level, you should be able to use '비생산적이다' in professional and social discussions. You can use it to provide feedback or express a more nuanced opinion. For example, in a group project, you might say, '이 방식은 너무 비생산적인 것 같아요. 다른 방법을 찾아봅시다' (I think this method is too unproductive. Let's find another way). This shows you can use the word to influence a situation politely. You should also be comfortable with various tenses and politeness levels. You might use the formal '비생산적입니다' in a presentation or the neutral '비생산적이다' in a journal entry. At this level, you can also start comparing '비생산적이다' with its synonyms like '비효율적이다' (inefficient). You understand that '비생산적' is more about the final result, while '비효율적' is about the process. This distinction is important for B1 learners who are moving toward more precise communication. You will also see this word more frequently in reading materials, such as opinion pieces in newspapers or workplace emails. It is often used to criticize systemic issues, like '비생산적인 관료주의' (unproductive bureaucracy). You can also use it to talk about emotional states, such as '비생산적인 걱정' (unproductive worrying). This shows an ability to apply the word to abstract concepts, not just physical work. B1 learners should also be aware of the Hanja roots: 非 (not) + 生産 (production) + 的 (suffix). Knowing these roots will help you recognize other related words like '생산성' (productivity) or '비정상' (abnormal). By using '비생산적이다' correctly, you demonstrate a solid middle-ground proficiency where you can handle both daily life and more structured environments like a workplace or a classroom.
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At the B2 level, '비생산적이다' becomes a tool for sophisticated analysis. You can use it to discuss complex topics like economics, social policy, and organizational behavior. You should be able to explain *why* something is unproductive using advanced grammar like '-을 뿐만 아니라' (not only... but also) or '-음에도 불구하고' (despite...). For example, '그 정책은 예산이 많이 투입되었음에도 불구하고 매우 비생산적이었다' (That policy was very unproductive despite a large budget being invested). This level of sentence construction shows high-level control. You will also encounter the word in academic lectures or professional debates. You should be able to argue against a '비생산적인 논리' (unproductive logic) and propose a '건설적인' (constructive) alternative. The contrast between '비생산적' and '건설적' is a key pairing at this level. You should also understand the cultural implications of the word in Korea. Because of the intense competition and the value placed on growth, calling something '비생산적' can be a sharp criticism. You need to know when to use it and when to use a softer term to maintain social harmony (Kibun). Additionally, you can use the word in the context of '소모적이다' (consumptive/draining), understanding that '비생산적' often leads to '소모적' situations. Your vocabulary should now include related terms like '부가가치' (added value) and '효율성' (efficiency), allowing you to place '비생산적이다' within a broader semantic field. Practice by writing short essays on topics like 'How to reduce unproductive meetings in the workplace'. This will require you to use the word in various forms and contexts, solidifying your B2 level proficiency.
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At the C1 level, your use of '비생산적이다' should be near-native. You can use it with subtle irony or within complex rhetorical structures. You understand the word's place in the history of Korean economic development and how the discourse around 'productivity' has shaped the nation. In a professional setting, you can use it to navigate high-stakes negotiations or to write comprehensive reports. You might use it to describe abstract philosophical concepts, such as '비생산적인 사유' (unproductive thought/contemplation) vs. '실천적인 행동' (practical action). At this level, you are expected to know the most formal and literary synonyms, such as '무익하다' or '허비하다' (to waste), and choose '비생산적이다' specifically when you want to highlight the lack of tangible output. You can also use the word in complex idiomatic expressions or as part of a larger critique of modern life, such as the '비생산적인 경쟁' (unproductive competition) inherent in certain social systems. Your understanding of the word extends to its nuances in different registers—from the cold, analytical tone of a financial report to the frustrated tone of a social activist. You should also be able to recognize when the word is being used as a 'weasel word' in corporate speak to justify layoffs or restructuring. C1 learners should be able to engage in deep discussions about the 'cult of productivity' in Korea and use '비생산적이다' to both support and critique these societal values. Your ability to conjugate the word into any grammatical form, including rare or archaic ones used in literature, should be flawless. You are not just using a word; you are wielding a concept that is central to modern Korean identity and work ethic.
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At the C2 level, you have a complete mastery of '비생산적이다' and its surrounding linguistic ecosystem. You can use the word in highly specialized contexts, such as legal documents, philosophical treatises, or high-level political speeches. You understand the etymological nuances of each Hanja character and how they interact with the overall meaning. You can identify the word's usage in classic Korean literature from the mid-20th century, where it might have been used in the context of nation-building and industrialization. Your proficiency allows you to use '비생산적이다' in a way that captures the existential weight of wasting time or resources in a hyper-modern society. You can participate in academic seminars on 'Productivity and Alienation' and use the term to describe the '비생산적인 노동' (unproductive labor) in a Marxist or capitalist critique. Furthermore, you can use the word with extreme precision to distinguish between 'non-productive' (merely not producing) and 'counter-productive' (producing the opposite of the intended result), even though Korean often uses '비생산적' for both. You might use phrases like '오히려 역효과를 낳는 비생산성' to clarify this distinction. At this level, you can also play with the word in creative writing, using it to describe a character's internal state or a stagnant atmosphere in a story. Your command of the language is such that you can intuitively sense the 'weight' of the word in any given sentence and adjust your surrounding vocabulary to match its formal and analytical tone. You are capable of translating complex English texts about 'the productivity trap' into natural, high-level Korean using '비생산적이다' as a central pillar of your translation.
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أمثلة
The Korean word 비생산적이다 is a descriptive verb, or adjective, that translates directly to being unproductive or inefficient in English. It is a compound word derived from Hanja (Chinese characters), which provides a clear roadmap to its meaning. The prefix 비 (非) means 'not' or 'non-', the middle part 생산 (生産) means 'production' or 'output', and the suffix 적 (的) turns the noun into an adjective meaning '-ive' or '-al'. When you combine these with the copula 이다 (to be), you get a term that describes a state where effort, time, or resources are being spent without yielding a meaningful or useful result. In modern Korean society, where efficiency and 'pali-pali' (hurry-hurry) culture are highly valued, this word carries a significant weight. It is not just a neutral observation; it often functions as a critique of a process, a meeting, or a habit that is seen as a waste of precious resources.
Semantic Core
The essence of '비생산적이다' lies in the lack of 'output' (생산) relative to the 'input'. If you spend five hours in a meeting but make no decisions, that meeting is the definition of 비생산적이다.
Social Context
In professional environments, it is used to suggest that a workflow needs optimization. In personal contexts, it might be used to describe a circular argument with a partner or a day spent doom-scrolling on social media.

계속해서 과거의 잘못만 탓하는 것은 매우 비생산적이다.

Translation: Constantly blaming past mistakes is very unproductive.
This word is particularly common in news articles, business reports, and academic settings because of its formal Hanja roots. However, it has migrated into daily speech among younger generations who are increasingly conscious of 'time-efficiency'. You might hear a student say, '유튜브만 보는 건 정말 비생산적인 것 같아' (Watching only YouTube feels really unproductive). It captures the feeling of guilt that comes with wasting time.

우리는 더 이상 비생산적인 논쟁을 멈춰야 합니다.

Translation: We must stop these unproductive disputes.
Nuance of Waste
Unlike '비효율적이다' (inefficient), which focuses on the ratio of effort to result, '비생산적이다' emphasizes that the result itself is non-existent or negative.

이런 방식의 업무 처리는 매우 비생산적이라고 생각합니다.

그의 비판은 건설적이지 않고 비생산적이었다.

잠을 줄여가며 공부하는 것은 오히려 비생산적일 수 있다.

Understanding '비생산적이다' requires recognizing that it is a 'descriptive verb'. In Korean, adjectives function like verbs. Therefore, you don't say 'is unproductive' using two separate words; the word '비생산적이다' contains the 'is' within it. To use it correctly, you must conjugate it based on the politeness level and the tense. For example, '비생산적이에요' (polite present) or '비생산적이었습니다' (formal past). Mastering this word will allow you to express frustration with wasted effort in a sophisticated and clear manner, whether you are in a boardroom in Seoul or chatting with a friend about your weekend habits.
Using 비생산적이다 correctly involves understanding its role as a predicate and its ability to modify nouns. Since it ends in -이다, it follows the conjugation rules of the copula. When you want to say something 'is unproductive', you use it at the end of the sentence. When you want to say 'unproductive something', you use the form 비생산적인. This distinction is crucial for natural-sounding Korean.
Predicate Form
Subject + 이/가 + 비생산적이다. For example: '이 회의는 비생산적이다' (This meeting is unproductive). In polite speech, use '비생산적이에요'.
Modifier Form
비생산적인 + Noun. For example: '비생산적인 활동' (unproductive activity). This is how you describe specific tasks or behaviors.

스마트폰을 너무 오래 사용하는 것은 비생산적인 일입니다.

Translation: Using a smartphone for too long is an unproductive thing.
Let's look at more complex structures. Often, '비생산적이다' is used with the grammar pattern -기 때문에 (because) to explain why a certain action is being avoided. For instance, '비생산적이기 때문에 그 계획을 취소했다' (I canceled that plan because it was unproductive). It can also be paired with -보다 (rather than) to compare two states: '비생산적인 회의보다 개인 작업이 낫다' (Individual work is better than an unproductive meeting).

우리는 비생산적으로 일하는 습관을 버려야 합니다.

Translation: We must discard the habit of working unproductively.
Tense Changes
Past: 비생산적이었다 (was unproductive). Future/Presumptive: 비생산적일 것이다 (will likely be unproductive). These are essential for discussing past mistakes or future risks.

그 논쟁은 결국 비생산적인 것으로 판명되었다.

아무런 준비 없이 시작하는 것은 비생산적일 수밖에 없다.

왜 그렇게 비생산적인 일에 매달리나요?

In summary, '비생산적이다' is a versatile adjective that can describe actions, processes, and even attitudes. Its structure is stable, and its meaning is clear across various levels of formality. By mastering the modifier form '비생산적인' and the adverbial form '비생산적으로', you can nuancedly describe the efficiency of almost any situation in Korean.
You will encounter 비생산적이다 in several key domains of Korean life. First and foremost is the corporate world. Korean office culture is undergoing a shift from long hours to high efficiency. In this transition, '비생산적' is a buzzword used to criticize old-fashioned practices like unnecessary overtime or long, pointless dinners (회식). Managers use it to urge teams to focus, while employees might use it among themselves to vent about bureaucratic red tape.
News and Media
Economic news often reports on '비생산적인 투자' (unproductive investment) or '비생산적인 산업 구조' (unproductive industrial structure). It is a standard term in macroeconomic analysis.
Self-Help and Education
In the 'Gong-bu' (study) culture, mentors often warn students against '비생산적인 공부법' (unproductive study methods), such as mindless highlighting or reading without understanding.

정치권의 비생산적인 싸움에 국민들이 지쳐가고 있다.

Translation: Citizens are getting tired of the unproductive fighting in the political sphere.
Another interesting place you'll hear this is in relationship advice or counseling. Koreans might describe a relationship where both parties only bring each other down as '비생산적인 관계' (an unproductive relationship). It suggests that the partnership isn't helping either person grow.

어제 하루 종일 잠만 잤더니 너무 비생산적인 하루였어.

Translation: I slept all day yesterday, so it was such an unproductive day.
Environmental and Social Issues
Discussions about energy waste often use this term. For example, '에너지 낭비는 국가적으로 매우 비생산적이다' (Wasting energy is nationally very unproductive).

회의가 너무 길어지면 오히려 비생산적이게 됩니다.

그들은 비생산적인 소모전에 휘말렸다.

인터넷 커뮤니티에서의 비생산적인 논쟁은 피하는 것이 좋다.

In summary, while the word sounds formal, it is ubiquitous in any context involving time management, resource allocation, and personal growth. It reflects a societal value system that prioritizes meaningful output and progress. Whether you are reading a high-level economic report or listening to a friend complain about their day, '비생산적이다' provides a precise vocabulary for the concept of 'fruitless effort'.
One of the most frequent mistakes learners make with 비생산적이다 is confusing it with similar-sounding or related words like 비효율적이다 (inefficient) or 불필요하다 (unnecessary). While they overlap, the nuances are distinct. '비효율적이다' focuses on the *process*—taking too much effort for a small result. '비생산적이다' focuses on the *outcome*—producing nothing of value at all.
Grammar: Using '을/를'
Since '비생산적이다' is an adjective (descriptive verb), it cannot take an object. You cannot say '시간을 비생산적이다'. You must say '시간을 비생산적으로 보내다' (spend time unproductively) or '시간 활용이 비생산적이다' (time usage is unproductive).
Register Mismatch
Using this word in a very casual, slang-heavy conversation might sound a bit too stiff or 'intellectual'. In very casual settings, people might just say '쓸데없다' (useless) or '시간 낭비다' (it's a waste of time).

❌ 시간을 비생산적이다.
✅ 시간이 비생산적이다 / 시간을 비생산적으로 쓴다.

Note the particle change: adjectives take the subject marker (이/가), not the object marker (을/를).
Another common error is failing to conjugate the 이다 part properly. Learners often treat it like a regular adjective and forget that it behaves like the copula. For example, in a 'because' clause, it must be 비생산적이기 때문에, not 비생산적기 때문에.

그의 조언은 비생산적이라서 도움이 안 됐다.

Correct use of the -이라서 (because) conjugation for -이다 adjectives.
Confusion with '무익하다'
'무익하다' (profitless/useless) is even more formal and often used in literary or archaic contexts. '비생산적이다' is the modern, standard choice for professional and daily life.

우리는 비생산적인 일에 에너지를 쏟고 있다.

비생산적인 논쟁은 그만두는 것이 상책이다.

이 시스템은 매우 비생산적으로 설계되었습니다.

By avoiding these common pitfalls—specifically the particle errors and the confusion with 'efficiency'—you will sound much more like a native speaker who understands the professional and social nuances of the Korean language.
When you want to express that something is not productive, you have several choices depending on the context and the level of formality. 비생산적이다 is the most balanced and common term, but knowing its alternatives will make your Korean much richer.
비효율적이다 (Inefficient)
Focuses on the waste of resources (time, money, effort) during a process. If a car uses too much gas for a short trip, it is '비효율적'. If the trip itself was pointless, it is '비생산적'.
쓸데없다 (Useless/Pointless)
A more native Korean (pure Korean) word that is common in daily speech. It is more informal and carries a stronger sense of 'no use at all'.
무익하다 (Profitless/Unprofitable)
Very formal Hanja term. Often used in proverbs or academic texts to describe something that brings no benefit to anyone.

그것은 시간 낭비일 뿐입니다.

Translation: That is just a waste of time. (A very common alternative phrase).
Another interesting alternative is 소모적이다 (consumptive/exhausting). This is used when a process doesn't just fail to produce something, but actually wears people down. For example, '소모적인 논쟁' is a dispute that just drains everyone's energy without a resolution.

이 방식은 너무 비효율적이라서 바꿔야 해요.

그의 말은 정말 쓸데없는 걱정이었다.

백해무익하다 (Doing a hundred harms and zero benefits) is a common idiom for something 비생산적인.

Choosing between these words depends on whether you want to sound professional ('비생산적이다'), practical ('비효율적이다'), or blunt ('쓸데없다'). For most learners, '비생산적이다' is the safest and most versatile choice for expressing the concept of unproductivity in a way that is clear and respected by native speakers.
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أمثلة حسب المستوى

1

이 게임은 너무 비생산적이에요.

This game is too unproductive.

Simple present polite form of 비생산적이다.

2

어제는 정말 비생산적인 하루였어요.

Yesterday was a really unproductive day.

Modifier form '비생산적인' followed by the noun '하루'.

3

비생산적인 일은 하지 마세요.

Don't do unproductive things.

Imperative form with a negative command.

4

그 회의는 비생산적이었어요.

That meeting was unproductive.

Past tense polite form.

5

너무 많이 자는 것은 비생산적이다.

Sleeping too much is unproductive.

Plain style (diary/written) form.

6

이 방법은 비생산적입니까?

Is this method unproductive?

Formal polite question form.

7

우리는 비생산적인 시간을 보냈어요.

We spent unproductive time.

Modifier form with the verb '보내다' (to spend time).

8

비생산적인 생각은 버리세요.

Throw away unproductive thoughts.

Modifier form with a polite command.

1

스마트폰만 보는 것은 비생산적이라고 생각해요.

I think just looking at a smartphone is unproductive.

Indirect quote form '-고 생각하다'.

2

비생산적인 습관을 고치고 싶어요.

I want to fix my unproductive habits.

Modifier form with '-고 싶다' (want to).

3

그 일은 비생산적이라서 그만뒀어요.

I quit that job because it was unproductive.

Reasoning form '-이라서' (because it is).

4

더 생산적으로 일하고 비생산적인 일은 줄이세요.

Work more productively and reduce unproductive tasks.

Contrast between productive and unproductive.

5

비생산적인 대화는 그만합시다.

Let's stop unproductive conversations.

Suggestive form '-읍시다'.

6

이 계획은 조금 비생산적인 것 같아요.

I think this plan is a bit unproductive.

Softened opinion form '-ㄴ 것 같다'.

7

왜 그렇게 비생산적으로 시간을 써요?

Why do you spend time so unproductively?

Adverbial form '비생산적으로'.

8

비생산적인 활동보다 운동이 더 좋아요.

Exercise is better than unproductive activities.

Comparison form '-보다'.

1

비생산적인 회의 때문에 업무 시간이 부족합니다.

Working hours are insufficient because of unproductive meetings.

Noun phrase with '때문에' (because of).

2

과거를 후회하는 것은 매우 비생산적인 일입니다.

Regretting the past is a very unproductive thing.

Nominalized verb phrase as the subject.

3

비생산적으로 일하는 것보다 쉬는 게 낫습니다.

It is better to rest than to work unproductively.

Adverbial form with comparison structure.

4

우리는 비생산적인 요소를 제거해야 합니다.

We must eliminate unproductive elements.

Formal necessity form '-해야 합니다'.

5

이런 논쟁은 비생산적일 뿐만 아니라 감정만 상하게 해요.

This kind of argument is not only unproductive but also just hurts feelings.

Pattern '-을 뿐만 아니라' (not only... but also).

6

비생산적인 투자는 회사에 큰 손실을 줍니다.

Unproductive investment causes great loss to the company.

Business context usage.

7

어떻게 하면 비생산적인 습관을 버릴 수 있을까요?

How can we discard unproductive habits?

Potential form '-을 수 있다' in a question.

8

그의 비판은 건설적이지 않고 비생산적이었다.

His criticism was not constructive but unproductive.

Contrast between constructive and unproductive.

1

정치권의 비생산적인 소모전이 계속되고 있습니다.

The unproductive war of attrition in the political sphere is continuing.

Advanced noun phrase '소모전' (war of attrition).

2

비생산적인 경쟁은 사회 전체의 효율성을 떨어뜨립니다.

Unproductive competition lowers the efficiency of the entire society.

Societal context and causative verb '떨어뜨리다'.

3

업무 프로세스가 비생산적이라는 지적이 나왔습니다.

Pointed remarks were made that the work process is unproductive.

Appositive clause '-다는 지적'.

4

비생산적인 노동을 줄이기 위해 자동화 시스템을 도입했다.

To reduce unproductive labor, an automation system was introduced.

Purpose form '-기 위해'.

5

자신의 실수를 비하하는 것은 비생산적인 태도입니다.

Belittling one's own mistakes is an unproductive attitude.

Psychological/Attitudinal context.

6

그 계획이 비생산적임이 밝혀지자 모두가 실망했다.

Everyone was disappointed when the plan was revealed to be unproductive.

Nominalized clause '-음이 밝혀지다'.

7

비생산적인 논의에 시간을 낭비할 여유가 없습니다.

We have no room to waste time on unproductive discussions.

Noun phrase '여유가 없다' (no room/affordance).

8

그들은 비생산적인 방식으로 문제를 해결하려 했다.

They tried to solve the problem in an unproductive way.

Attempting form '-으려 하다'.

1

비생산적인 관료주의는 국가 발전을 저해하는 주요 요인이다.

Unproductive bureaucracy is a major factor hindering national development.

High-level vocabulary '저해하다' (hinder) and '관료주의' (bureaucracy).

2

창의성을 억압하는 교육은 장기적으로 비생산적일 수밖에 없다.

Education that suppresses creativity is bound to be unproductive in the long run.

Grammar pattern '-을 수밖에 없다' (bound to be).

3

우리는 비생산적인 자아비판보다는 실질적인 개선책을 찾아야 한다.

We should look for practical improvement measures rather than unproductive self-criticism.

Contrast between '자아비판' and '개선책'.

4

그 프로젝트는 비생산적인 구조적 결함으로 인해 실패했다.

The project failed due to unproductive structural flaws.

Formal cause phrase '-으로 인해'.

5

현대 사회의 비생산적인 과잉 소비는 환경 문제를 야기한다.

Unproductive overconsumption in modern society causes environmental problems.

Societal critique context.

6

비생산적인 논리에 매몰되어 본질을 놓치지 말아야 한다.

We must not lose the essence by being buried in unproductive logic.

Passive form '매몰되다' (to be buried/absorbed).

7

이것은 비생산적인 행정 편의주의의 전형적인 사례입니다.

This is a typical example of unproductive administrative convenience-ism.

Advanced compound noun '행정 편의주의'.

8

비생산적인 긴장 상태가 지속되면서 조직의 사기가 떨어졌다.

As the unproductive state of tension continued, the morale of the organization dropped.

Connection form '-면서' showing simultaneous states.

1

비생산적인 담론에 천착하기보다는 실천적 지성을 발휘해야 할 때다.

It is time to exert practical intelligence rather than delving into unproductive discourse.

Literary word '천착하다' (to delve/study deeply).

2

그의 철학은 때로 비생산적인 허무주의로 흐를 위험이 있다.

His philosophy sometimes runs the risk of drifting into unproductive nihilism.

Abstract philosophical context '허무주의' (nihilism).

3

비생산적인 자본의 흐름을 선순환 구조로 바꾸는 것이 급선무다.

The urgent priority is to change the flow of unproductive capital into a virtuous cycle structure.

Economic jargon '선순환 구조' (virtuous cycle).

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محتوى ذو صلة

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unproductive Englisch
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