B1 verb Neutral #3,500 am häufigsten 2 Min. Lesezeit

散らかる

sarakaru /t͡ɕiɾakaɾɯ/
Practice it

Overview

「散らかる」（ちらかる）is an intransitive verb in Japanese, meaning 'to be messy,' 'to be scattered,' 'to be disarranged,' or 'to be untidy.' It describes a state where things are not in their proper place and are spread out in a disorderly fashion. This verb emphasizes the resulting state of disarray rather than the action of making something messy.

Usage and Nuances:

  • Intransitive Nature: As an intransitive verb, it doesn't take a direct object. The subject of the sentence is the thing or place that is messy. For example, 「部屋が散らかる」 (heya ga chirakaru) means 'the room is messy.' You would not say 「〜を散らかる」.
  • Focus on State: It describes the condition of being messy. If you want to express the action of making something messy, you would use the transitive verb 「散らかす」（ちらかす, chirakasu). For instance, 「子供が部屋を散らかす」 (kodomo ga heya o chirakasu) means 'the child messes up the room.'
  • Common Contexts: You'll frequently hear 「散らかる」 in contexts related to homes, rooms, desks, or any space where objects are expected to be organized. It can also refer to documents, toys, clothes, or other items being scattered.

* **Examples:**

  • 「机の上が散らかっている。」 (Tsukue no ue ga chirakatte iru.) - The desk is messy/cluttered. (Note the use of the -te iru form to indicate an ongoing state.)
  • 「リビングが少し散らかっているね。」 (Ribingu ga sukoshi chirakatte iru ne.) - The living room is a bit messy, isn't it?
  • 「彼の部屋はいつも散らかっている。」 (Kare no heya wa itsumo chirakatte iru.) - His room is always messy.
  • 「本が床に散らかっていた。」 (Hon ga yuka ni chirakatte ita.) - Books were scattered on the floor.

Conjugation:

「散らかる」 is a Godan verb (五段活用動詞 - godan katsuyō dōshi), which means its stem ends in a consonant and its conjugations follow a specific pattern.

* **Negative form:** 散らからない (chirakaranai)

  • Potential form: 散らかれる (chirakareru - can become messy)
  • Volitional form: 散らかろう (chirakarou - let's get messy / it will probably get messy)

Understanding the difference between 「散らかる」 (intransitive, state of being messy) and 「散らかす」 (transitive, action of making messy) is crucial for correct usage. This verb is a common and useful addition to your Japanese vocabulary for describing everyday situations of disarray.

Beispiele

1

部屋が散らかっている。

room, messy

The room is messy.

2

机の上に本が散らばっていた。

desk, books, scattered

Books were scattered on the desk.

3

風で落ち葉が散らかっている。

wind, fallen leaves, scattered

Fallen leaves are scattered by the wind.

4

彼の話は散らかっていて、理解しにくかった。

story, disorganized, difficult to understand

His story was disorganized and difficult to understand.

5

パーティーの後、リビングは散らかっていた。

party, living room, mess

After the party, the living room was a mess.

Häufige Kollokationen

部屋が散らかる (heya ga chirakaru - a room is messy)
本が散らかる (hon ga chirakaru - books are scattered)
おもちゃが散らかる (omocha ga chirakaru - toys are scattered)
服が散らかる (fuku ga chirakaru - clothes are scattered)

Wird oft verwechselt mit

散らかる vs 散らかす

This is the transitive version of 'scattered' meaning 'to scatter something'.

Grammatikmuster

部屋が散らかっている (Heya ga chirakatte iru) - The room is messy. 本が床に散らかる (Hon ga yuka ni chirakaru) - Books are scattered on the floor. おもちゃがあちこちに散らかっている (Omocha ga achikochi ni chirakatte iru) - Toys are scattered all over the place.

How to Use It

Nutzungshinweise

'散らかる' (chirakaru) is an intransitive verb meaning 'to be messy,' 'to be scattered,' or 'to be untidy.' It describes a state of disarray rather than an action of making something messy. The subject of the verb is typically the thing that is messy or scattered. For example, '部屋が散らかっている' (heya ga chirakatte iru) means 'the room is messy.' You would use the -ている form to describe the ongoing state of being messy. It's often used for inanimate objects or spaces, but can also refer to thoughts or feelings being scattered or confused, although this is less common. It is distinct from '散らかす' (chirakasu), which is the transitive verb meaning 'to make messy' or 'to scatter something.' For instance, '子供がおもちゃを散らかした' (kodomo ga omocha o chirakashita) means 'the child scattered the toys.' Understanding this intransitive/transitive distinction is key to using '散らかる' correctly.

Häufige Fehler

Often confused with '散らかす' (chirakasu), which is the transitive verb meaning 'to make messy' or 'to scatter something'. '散らかる' describes the state of being messy or scattered, while '散らかす' describes the action of making something messy. Remember: '散らかる' (intransitive) - things are messy on their own. '散らかす' (transitive) - someone makes things messy.

Tips

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Intransitive Verb

散らかる (chirakaru) is an intransitive verb, meaning it describes a state or action that happens to the subject without a direct object. Its transitive counterpart is 散らかす (chirakasu), meaning 'to make a mess' or 'to scatter something'.

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Common Usage

This verb is frequently used to describe a disorderly state of a room, belongings, or even thoughts. It implies a lack of tidiness or organization.

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Nuance

While 'to be messy' is a direct translation, 散らかる can also convey a sense of things being 'strewn about' or 'in disarray,' often implying that the mess is not necessarily intentional.

Wortherkunft

200+ WORDS origin history.

Kultureller Kontext

The concept of 'messiness' in Japan, as expressed by '散らかる' (chirakaru), often carries a slightly different cultural weight than in some Western contexts. While messiness is generally not preferred, the degree to which it's considered negative can vary. For instance, a certain level of artistic or creative 'mess' might be tolerated or even seen as a sign of deep engagement in a hobby or work, as long as it doesn't extend to common living spaces. On the other hand, chronic messiness in shared or public spaces can be seen as inconsiderate, reflecting a lack of respect for others and one's environment. The phrase 'もったいない' (mottainai), expressing regret over waste, can also implicitly apply to the waste of space or potential that comes from disorganized surroundings. Therefore, while '散らかる' simply describes the state, the cultural interpretation of its implications can be quite nuanced.

Merkhilfe

Think of 'chira-karu' as 'chiru' (to scatter) + 'karu' (to become). So, things 'become scattered' and thus 'messy'.

Teste dich selbst

fill blank

部屋が___ている。

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
fill blank

テーブルの上に本が___っている。

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
fill blank

おもちゃが床に___っている。

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:

Ergebnis: /3

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