A2 determiner Neutral #500 am häufigsten 2 Min. Lesezeit

こんな

This kind of, such as this.

konna /ko̞nːa̠/

Use 'konna' to describe things or situations close to the speaker's current focus.

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こんな in 30 Sekunden

  • Used to describe something near the speaker.
  • Indicates the nature or state of a specific item.
  • Commonly used to provide examples in daily conversation.
「こんな」 is a versatile word used to modify nouns, indicating that the noun shares qualities with something explicitly present, implicitly understood, or recently discussed. It functions as a pre-noun adjectival (連体詞 - rentai-shi), directly preceding the noun it modifies without inflection. Its usage often implies a shared understanding between the speaker and listener about what 'this kind of' refers to. While generally neutral, the emotional tone can shift based on context and speaker's intent, ranging from simple description to expressing surprise, disappointment, or even admiration. It’s crucial to pay attention to the surrounding sentence structure and speaker's tone.
「こんな」 (this kind of) refers to something close to the speaker. 「そんな」 (that kind of) refers to something close to the listener or something just mentioned. 「あんな」 (that kind of over there) refers to something far from both the speaker and listener. This distinction parallels the こ・そ・あ・ど series (e.g., これ, それ, あれ, どれ). Understanding these nuances is essential for accurate communication, as using the wrong one can lead to misinterpretation of proximity or context. While they all describe 'kind of' or 'such,' the relative distance from the speaker and listener is the key differentiator. They are all determiners and precede nouns.
「こんな」 is frequently used in various fixed phrases. For instance, 「こんなこと」 (this kind of thing/matter), 「こんな{人|ひと}」 (this kind of person), 「こんな{場所|ばしょ}」 (this kind of place). It can also precede an adjective or adverb to form expressions like 「こんなに」 (this much/so much), e.g., 「こんなに{速|はや}く」 (this fast). These expressions are very common in daily conversation and understanding their nuances will greatly enhance fluency. The particle 「に」 often follows 「こんな」 when modifying an adjective or adverb, changing its function slightly to 'to this extent' or 'so much.'

Wusstest du?

The 'こ・そ・あ・ど' series (こそあど言葉 - kosoado kotoba) is one of the most fundamental and unique aspects of Japanese grammar, defining relative proximity to speakers and listeners for various types of words, including determiners like 「こんな」.

Beispiele

1

こんな{美味|おい}しい{料理|りょうり}は{初|はじ}めて{食|た}べました。

Expressing surprise and delight over a meal.

I've never eaten such delicious food before.

2

こんな{簡単|かんたん}な{問題|もんだい}が{解|と}けないなんて、{自分|じぶん}に{腹|はら}が{立|た}つ。

Expressing self-frustration.

I'm angry at myself for not being able to solve such a simple problem.

3

こんな{小|ちい}さな{嘘|うそ}をつくなんて、{彼|かれ}らしくない。

Commentary on someone's behavior.

It's not like him to tell such a small lie.

4

こんな{寒|さむ}い{日|ひ}に、アイスクリームを{食|た}べるのは{変|へん}だ。

Expressing an opinion about an unusual action.

It's strange to eat ice cream on such a cold day.

Häufige Kollokationen

こんな{人|ひと} this kind of person
こんな{時|とき} this kind of time, at a time like this
こんな{風|ふう}に in this way, like this
こんなもんじゃない it's not just like this (implying it's more/worse than expected)

Häufige Phrasen

こんなはずじゃなかった

It wasn't supposed to be like this.

Wird oft verwechselt mit

こんな vs そんな

Used for things close to the listener. If you are talking about something the other person mentioned, use 'sonna'.

Grammatikmuster

こんな＋名詞 こんなに＋形容詞/副詞 こんなことだ

So verwendest du es

Konna is a neutral determiner used in both formal and informal settings. It is essential for describing situations relative to the speaker. Ensure you distinguish it from sonna (listener-focused) and anna (distanced).

Häufige Fehler

Beginners often confuse konna, sonna, and anna. Remember the 'ko-so-a' system: ko (speaker), so (listener), a (distant). Avoid using it as a standalone pronoun.

Tipps

💡

Focus on the speaker's perspective

Always remember that 'konna' refers to something close to the speaker. If the object is near the listener, use 'sonna' instead.

⚠️

Avoid using it as a sentence end

Do not end a sentence with 'konna' alone. It must modify a noun or be part of a larger grammatical structure.

🌍

Expressing emotions naturally

Japanese speakers use 'konna' to share personal experiences. It helps convey feelings like surprise or frustration effectively.

Wortherkunft

Derived from the demonstrative pronoun 「こ」 (ko - this) and the particle 「な」, which is a shortened form of 「ような」 (yōna - like). Historically, similar forms existed to express 'this kind of' or 'such.'

Kultureller Kontext

The ko-so-a system is fundamental to Japanese spatial deixis. Mastering it is key to sounding natural in conversation.

Merkhilfe

Think of 'K' for 'Keep it close'. Konna is for things near the speaker.

Häufig gestellte Fragen

3 Fragen

「こんな」は話し手の主観や感情を伴うことが多いですが、「こういう」はより説明的で客観的なニュアンスが強くなります。日常会話では「こんな」の方が自然です。

文末で使うことはあまりありません。名詞を修飾して「こんな＋名詞」とするか、「こんなに＋形容詞」と使うのが一般的です。

はい、「こんな」自体は中立的な言葉ですので、丁寧語（です・ます）と組み合わせればビジネスやフォーマルな場でも問題なく使えます。

Teste dich selbst

fill blank

___ 料理は初めて食べました。

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort: こんな

話し手自身が今食べている料理について述べているため、話し手寄りの「こんな」が適切です。

Ergebnis: /1

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