支度 in 30 Sekunden
- 支度 (shitaku) means preparations or arrangements.
- Used for getting ready for outings, trips, or events.
- Implies concrete actions and practical steps.
- Often translated as 'getting ready' or 'making arrangements'.
- Core Meaning
- The Japanese word 支度 (shitaku) fundamentally refers to the act of making preparations or arrangements. It's a versatile noun that can encompass a wide range of activities, from getting ready for a simple outing to organizing complex events. The nuance often lies in the context, but the core idea is always about getting things in order before an action or event takes place.
- Daily Life Preparations
- In everyday situations, 支度 is commonly used when talking about getting ready for school, work, or a trip. For example, a parent might say '朝の支度をしましょう' (asa no shitaku o shimashou), meaning 'Let's get ready for the morning,' which would involve things like getting dressed, packing a lunch, or gathering school supplies. Similarly, before going on a hike, one would make their 支度, which could include packing snacks, water, a map, and appropriate clothing. This use emphasizes the practical steps involved in ensuring one is ready for a specific activity.
- Event and Occasion Arrangements
- Beyond personal readiness, 支度 also extends to planning and organizing for larger events. This could involve preparing for a party, a festival, a wedding, or even a business meeting. For instance, 'パーティーの支度で忙しい' (paatii no shitaku de isogashii) means 'I'm busy with party preparations.' This type of 支度 might involve decorating, cooking, inviting guests, and arranging entertainment. The word here highlights the organizational and logistical aspects of making an event happen successfully. It conveys a sense of proactive planning and attention to detail.
- Cultural Nuances
- In Japanese culture, where meticulousness and consideration for others are often valued, the act of 支度 can carry a deeper significance. It's not just about personal convenience but also about ensuring that things are well-prepared for shared experiences or to show respect. For example, when hosting guests, thorough 支度 demonstrates hospitality. This includes preparing the living space, planning meals, and anticipating the needs of the visitors. The word encapsulates this thoroughness and care in preparation.
- Usage in Different Contexts
- You'll hear 支度 used in various settings. In families, it's common for parents to tell children to make their 支度 for school or bedtime. In travel contexts, people discuss their travel 支度, which involves booking flights, packing, and arranging accommodation. For special occasions like weddings or New Year's, the 支度 can be quite extensive, involving many people and detailed planning. The term is broad enough to cover everything from a simple morning routine to elaborate event planning, making it a highly useful word in Japanese vocabulary.
明日の遠足の支度をしなさい。
旅行の支度はもう済んだ？
- Key Concept
- The kanji 支 (shi) means 'support' or 'branch,' and 度 (taku) can mean 'degree' or 'measure.' Together, they imply 'measuring out support' or 'preparing measures,' which aligns with the idea of making necessary arrangements.
- Everyday Readiness
- The most common use of 支度 is for personal readiness. This involves the actions one takes to be prepared for a specific activity. It's often used with verbs like する (suru - to do) or 済む (sumu - to finish/be completed).
朝ごはんの支度をしています。
- Preparing for Travel
- When planning a trip, 支度 refers to all the arrangements made, from packing luggage to booking transportation and accommodation. The phrase 旅行の支度 (ryokou no shitaku) is very common.
週末のキャンプの支度は終わりましたか？
- Event Planning
- For parties, gatherings, or significant events, 支度 encompasses the organizational tasks required. This could include invitations, decorations, food, and other logistics.
来週の誕生日パーティーの支度が大変だ。
- Getting Dressed
- Sometimes, 支度 can be used more specifically to refer to the act of getting dressed or preparing oneself physically, especially when it involves multiple steps or is for a particular purpose.
お出かけの支度をしましょう。
- With Adjectives
- You can use adjectives to describe the nature of the preparations, such as 丁寧な (teinei na - careful/polite) or 十分な (juubun na - sufficient).
彼女はいつも丁寧な支度をする。
- Family Conversations
- At home, parents frequently use 支度 when instructing children. You'll hear phrases like 「学校の支度をしなさい」 (Gakkou no shitaku o shinasai - 'Do your school preparations!') or 「寝る前の支度を早く済ませてね」 (Neru mae no shitaku o hayaku sumasete ne - 'Finish your pre-bedtime preparations quickly, okay?'). This context emphasizes daily routines and getting ready for specific times of the day.
さあ、みんな、夕食の支度を手伝って！
- Travel and Tourism
- When people discuss upcoming trips or vacations, 支度 is a key term. Travel agencies might talk about 'travel preparation services,' and individuals will ask each other, 「旅行の支度はもう終わりましたか？」 (Ryokou no shitaku wa mou owarimashita ka? - 'Have your travel preparations finished already?'). This includes everything from booking flights to packing and getting visas.
海外旅行の支度は大変だった。
- Special Occasions
- For events like weddings, festivals, or seasonal celebrations, 支度 refers to the comprehensive planning and execution. For instance, during Obon or New Year, families engage in significant 支度, which could involve cleaning the house, preparing special foods, and setting up decorations.
結婚式の支度で、彼女はとても忙しい。
- Work and Business Contexts
- In a professional setting, 支度 can refer to preparing for meetings, presentations, or projects. A manager might tell their team, 「明日の会議の支度をしてください」 (Ashita no kaigi no shitaku o shite kudasai - 'Please prepare for tomorrow's meeting'). This involves gathering documents, creating slides, and coordinating tasks.
プレゼンテーションの支度は万全です。
- Informal Chats
- Even in casual conversations among friends, 支度 is used when discussing plans for going out, attending events, or starting a new activity. 「週末の支度は？」 (Shuumatsu no shitaku wa? - 'What about your weekend preparations?') is a common way to inquire about someone's plans.
今から映画の支度を始めるよ。
- Confusing with 準備 (Junbi)
- The most frequent mistake is confusing 支度 (shitaku) with 準備 (junbi). While both mean 'preparation,' 準備 is generally broader and can refer to more abstract or long-term preparations (like preparing for an exam or preparing a speech). 支度 typically implies more concrete, physical actions of getting ready for a specific, often immediate, event or outing. For example, you make 準備 for a test, but you make 支度 for going to the park. Using 支度 for abstract preparations might sound a bit unnatural.
Incorrect: 試験の支度をしました。
Correct: 試験の準備をしました。
- Overusing for Simple Actions
- While 支度 can cover a range of preparations, it's not always necessary for very simple, single actions. For example, just putting on a coat might be simply 'コートを着る' (kooto o kiru) rather than requiring the term 支度. The word implies a set of actions or a more involved process of getting ready.
Incorrect: 散歩の支度として、靴を履きました。
More Natural: 散歩に行くので、靴を履きました。
- Grammatical Errors
- Learners might sometimes misuse particles or verb conjugations. For instance, forgetting the particle 'の' when specifying what the preparation is for can lead to awkward phrasing. Also, incorrectly using adjectives directly before 支度 without a connecting particle like 'な' (na) can be a mistake.
Incorrect: 友達との支度。
Correct: 友達との外出の支度。
- 準備 (Junbi)
- Meaning: Preparation, readiness, arrangement.
Usage: This is the most common synonym and often interchangeable with 支度. However, 準備 can be broader and more abstract. It's used for preparing for exams (試験の準備), preparing a speech (スピーチの準備), or general readiness for a situation. 支度 leans more towards the physical actions of getting ready for an outing or event.
Example:
支度: 旅行の支度をしないと。
(Ryokou no shitaku o shinai to.)
I need to make travel preparations. (Focus on packing, booking, etc.)
準備: 試験の準備は万全です。
(Shiken no junbi wa banzen desu.)
The preparations for the exam are perfect. (Focus on studying, reviewing, etc.)
- 用意 (Youi)
- Meaning: Preparation, provision, getting things ready.
Usage: 用意 often implies providing or making something available. It can be used for preparing food (食事の用意 - shokuji no youi), setting up a room (部屋の用意 - heya no youi), or making arrangements for guests. It's more about 'getting things ready' or 'providing what's needed' rather than the personal act of getting oneself ready. It can overlap with 支度 when the preparation involves setting things up for an event.
Example:
支度: 明日のピクニックの支度をしよう。
(Ashita no pikunikku no shitaku o shiyou.)
Let's prepare for tomorrow's picnic. (Includes personal items and shared items.)
用意: パーティーの用意はできていますか？
(Paatii no youi wa dekite imasu ka?)
Are the party arrangements ready? (Focus on food, decorations, seating, etc.)
- 整える (Toton oeru)
- Meaning: To arrange, to put in order, to prepare, to tidy up.
Usage: This is a verb meaning 'to put things in order' or 'to arrange.' It can be used in the context of preparing for something, but it focuses more on the act of organizing or tidying. For example, one might 整える their desk before starting work or 整える their appearance before going out. It's a part of the broader preparation process.
Example:
支度: 彼女は丁寧な支度をした。
(Kanojo wa teinei na shitaku o shita.)
She made careful preparations. (Implies a series of actions.)
整える: 出かける前に身支度を整える。
(Dekakeru mae ni mijitaku o totonoeru.)
To arrange one's appearance before going out. (Focus on tidying oneself up.)
- 備える (Sonaeru)
- Meaning: To prepare, to provide, to be equipped with, to guard against.
Usage: 備える is often used for preparing for potential future events, especially emergencies or disasters (災害に備える - saigai ni sonaeru). It can also mean to equip oneself or a place with necessary items. It has a more proactive and sometimes defensive connotation compared to 支度.
Example:
支度: 山登りの支度は万全だ。
(Yamanobori no shitaku wa banzen da.)
The preparations for mountain climbing are perfect. (Includes gear, food, etc.)
備える: 地震に備える。
(Jishin ni sonaeru.)
To prepare for an earthquake. (Focus on safety measures and supplies.)
How Formal Is It?
Wusstest du?
While 支度 often refers to concrete actions, the kanji 支 itself can be related to the idea of supporting or holding something up, suggesting that 'preparation' is like building a foundation or providing support for what is to come. The kanji 度, when used for 'measure' or 'degree,' highlights the carefulness and scale of the preparation.
Aussprachehilfe
- Pronouncing 'shi' as 'shee' with a long vowel.
- Not stressing the second syllable clearly.
- Adding an unnecessary 'n' sound at the end.
Schwierigkeitsgrad
At the B1 level, learners can understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters. '支度' is a common word encountered in everyday contexts, travel, and event-related discussions, making it relatively accessible for reading comprehension.
Learners at the B1 level can produce simple connected text on familiar topics. Using '支度' correctly involves understanding its nuances, especially differentiating it from '準備,' and employing it in appropriate sentence structures. This requires some practice.
B1 speakers can deal with most situations likely to arise while travelling. Using '支度' in conversation to talk about personal plans or events requires a grasp of its common phrases and contexts, which is achievable at this level with practice.
B1 listeners can understand the main points of clear standard input. '支度' is frequently used in daily conversations, so understanding it in spoken Japanese is generally manageable for B1 learners.
Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest
Voraussetzungen
Als Nächstes lernen
Fortgeschritten
Wichtige Grammatik
Using the particle 'の' (no) to connect nouns, indicating possession or belonging. In the case of 支度, 'の' connects the preparation to what it is for.
旅行の支度 (ryokou no shitaku) - Preparations for travel.
The verb する (suru) is often used with nouns to form verbs, meaning 'to do' or 'to perform.' 支度をする means 'to make preparations.'
朝ごはんの支度をする (asagohan no shitaku o suru) - To make breakfast preparations.
The potential form of verbs, often ending in 〜える or 〜れる, can be used to describe the ability or possibility of making preparations.
一人で支度ができる (hitori de shitaku ga dekiru) - Can prepare by oneself.
The 〜て form of verbs, followed by いる (iru), indicates an ongoing action or state. 支度ができている means 'preparations are complete/ready.'
もう支度ができている (mou shitaku ga dekite iru) - Preparations are already complete.
Using adjectives with な (na) to modify nouns. For example, 十分な支度 (juubun na shitaku) means 'sufficient preparations.'
十分な支度 (juubun na shitaku) - Sufficient preparations.
Beispiele nach Niveau
これはペンです。
This is a pen.
Basic sentence structure: Subject + は + Noun + です.
ありがとう。
Thank you.
Common expression for gratitude.
水、ください。
Water, please.
Requesting an item using Noun + ください.
はい、わかります。
Yes, I understand.
Simple affirmation and verb 'to understand'.
これはいくらですか？
How much is this?
Asking for the price using いくらですか.
さようなら。
Goodbye.
Common farewell expression.
わたしはマイクです。
I am Mike.
Introducing oneself using わたしは + Name + です.
いいえ、ちがいます。
No, that's wrong.
Negating something using ちがいます.
これは私の傘です。
This is my umbrella.
Possessive particle 'の' used with nouns.
駅はどこですか？
Where is the station?
Asking for location using Noun + はどこですか.
すみません、もう一度お願いします。
Excuse me, one more time, please.
Polite request for repetition.
今日は暑いですね。
It's hot today, isn't it?
Using sentence-ending particle 'ね' for agreement.
図書館は９時に開きます。
The library opens at 9 o'clock.
Time expressions with particles 'に'.
この本は面白いです。
This book is interesting.
Using adjectives with です.
明日、友達と映画を見に行きます。
Tomorrow, I will go to see a movie with a friend.
Verb conjugation for future action (masu-form).
パンはもう食べました。
I already ate bread.
Past tense verb conjugation (ta-form).
週末に友達と買い物に行く予定です。
I plan to go shopping with friends on the weekend.
Expressing plans using 〜予定です.
このレストランは料理が美味しいと評判です。
This restaurant is famous for its delicious food.
Using 〜と評判です to express reputation.
もし時間があれば、手伝っていただけませんか？
If you have time, could you help me?
Conditional form 〜ば and polite request 〜ていただけませんか.
彼は日本語を勉強するために、日本へ行きました。
He went to Japan to study Japanese.
Expressing purpose using 〜ために.
この問題は思ったより難しかったです。
This problem was more difficult than I thought.
Comparing with expectations using 〜より.
明日の会議について、何か質問はありますか？
Do you have any questions about tomorrow's meeting?
Asking for questions using 〜について.
疲れていたので、早く寝ました。
Because I was tired, I went to bed early.
Expressing reason using 〜ので.
この仕事はやりがいがあると思います。
I think this job is rewarding.
Using 〜と思う to express opinion.
最近、環境問題について多くの議論がなされている。
Recently, many discussions have been held regarding environmental issues.
Passive voice 〜されている and topic marker 〜について.
彼の提案は、当初は受け入れられにくかったが、結果的に大きな成功を収めた。
His proposal was initially difficult to accept, but ultimately achieved great success.
Using 〜にくい (difficult to do) and 〜収める (to achieve).
この技術の進歩は、私たちの生活様式を根本的に変える可能性がある。
The advancement of this technology has the potential to fundamentally change our way of life.
Expressing potential 〜可能性がある and adverbial use of 〜的に.
彼女は、困難な状況にもかかわらず、常に前向きな姿勢を崩さない。
Despite difficult circumstances, she never loses her positive attitude.
Using 〜にもかかわらず (despite) and 〜姿勢を崩さない (not to lose attitude).
この小説は、登場人物の心理描写が非常に巧みである。
The psychological portrayal of the characters in this novel is extremely skillful.
Using 〜描写 (portrayal) and 〜巧みである (skillful).
経済状況の悪化に伴い、失業率が上昇する傾向にある。
Along with the deterioration of the economic situation, the unemployment rate tends to rise.
Using 〜に伴い (along with) and 〜傾向にある (tends to).
その問題に対する解決策を見出すためには、多角的な視点が必要不可欠である。
To find a solution to that problem, a multifaceted perspective is indispensable.
Using 〜見出す (to find out) and 〜必要不可欠である (indispensable).
彼は、自分の意見をはっきりと述べる一方で、他者の意見にも耳を傾けることができる。
While he clearly states his own opinions, he can also listen to others' opinions.
Using 〜一方で (on the other hand) and 〜耳を傾ける (to listen attentively).
現代社会における人間関係の希薄化は、深刻な社会問題として認識されつつある。
The weakening of human relationships in modern society is coming to be recognized as a serious social problem.
Using 〜希薄化 (weakening/thinning) and 〜認識されつつある (is coming to be recognized).
その芸術家の作品は、見る者の想像力を掻き立て、深い感動を与える。
The artist's works stir the viewer's imagination and provide deep emotional impact.
Using 〜掻き立てる (to stir up/excite) and 〜感動を与える (to give emotion/impact).
グローバル化の進展は、文化的多様性の維持と両立させることの難しさを浮き彫りにしている。
The advancement of globalization highlights the difficulty of maintaining cultural diversity in conjunction with it.
Using 〜両立させる (to make compatible) and 〜浮き彫りにする (to highlight/bring into relief).
彼の講演は、専門的な知識に裏打ちされた、示唆に富むものであった。
His lecture was insightful, underpinned by specialized knowledge.
Using 〜裏打ちされた (underpinned/supported by) and 〜示唆に富む (rich in suggestion/insightful).
AI技術の急速な発展は、倫理的な観点から様々な論争を巻き起こしている。
The rapid development of AI technology is causing various controversies from an ethical perspective.
Using 〜巻き起こす (to stir up/cause) and 〜観点から (from the perspective of).
この文学作品は、人間の普遍的な葛藤と希望を巧みに描き出している。
This literary work skillfully depicts the universal conflicts and hopes of humanity.
Using 〜葛藤 (conflict/struggle) and 〜描き出す (to depict/portray).
持続可能な社会の実現に向けて、私たちは意識改革を迫られている。
Towards the realization of a sustainable society, we are compelled to undergo a change in consciousness.
Using 〜実現に向けて (towards the realization of) and 〜意識改革を迫られる (to be compelled to undergo consciousness reform).
彼の独創的な発想は、既存の枠組みを打ち破り、新たな可能性を切り拓いた。
His original idea broke through existing frameworks and opened up new possibilities.
Using 〜打ち破る (to break through/shatter) and 〜切り拓く (to open up/pioneer).
その哲学者によれば、人間の存在意義とは、自己超越のプロセスに他ならない。
According to that philosopher, the meaning of human existence is nothing other than the process of self-transcendence.
Using 〜によれば (according to) and 〜に他ならない (is nothing other than).
この複雑怪奇な事件の背後には、巧妙に仕組まれた陰謀が存在する可能性が指摘されている。
It is pointed out that there is a possibility of a cleverly orchestrated conspiracy behind this complex and bizarre incident.
Using 〜複雑怪奇 (complex and bizarre) and 〜巧妙に仕組まれた (cleverly orchestrated).
彼の文学作品における象徴表現の豊かさは、読者に多層的な解釈を促す。
The richness of symbolic expression in his literary works prompts readers to engage in multilayered interpretations.
Using 〜象徴表現 (symbolic expression) and 〜多層的な解釈 (multilayered interpretation).
歴史の流れの中で、幾多の文明が興亡を繰り返し、その教訓は現代にも通底している。
Throughout the flow of history, numerous civilizations have risen and fallen repeatedly, and their lessons resonate even today.
Using 〜幾多の (numerous) and 〜興亡 (rise and fall) and 〜通底している (resonate/underlie).
その政治家の弁舌は、巧みな言葉遣いと論理的な構成によって、聴衆を魅了してやまなかった。
The politician's oratory, through skillful use of language and logical structure, never failed to captivate the audience.
Using 〜弁舌 (oratory/eloquence) and 〜魅了してやまなかった (never failed to captivate).
現代アートにおけるポストモダニズムの潮流は、既成概念に対する批判的な問いかけを内包している。
The postmodern trend in contemporary art encompasses critical questioning of established concepts.
Using 〜潮流 (trend/current) and 〜内包している (encompasses/contains within).
科学技術の進歩がもたらす恩恵とリスクのバランスをいかに取るかは、人類共通の課題と言えるだろう。
How to strike a balance between the benefits and risks brought about by scientific and technological progress can be said to be a common challenge for humanity.
Using 〜恩恵 (benefit/boon) and 〜いかに取るか (how to strike/take).
彼の詩は、言葉の響きと意味の深淵を巧みに織り交ぜ、読者の魂に深く訴えかける。
His poetry skillfully interweaves the resonance of words with the abyss of meaning, deeply appealing to the reader's soul.
Using 〜響き (resonance/sound) and 〜深淵 (abyss/depth) and 〜織り交ぜ (to interweave).
Häufige Kollokationen
Häufige Phrasen
— To make preparations; to get ready.
さあ、出かける支度をしましょう。 (Saa, dekakeru shitaku o shimashou.) Come on, let's get ready to go out.
— To finish preparations; to be done getting ready.
朝の支度を済ませてから、朝食を食べます。 (Asa no shitaku o sumasete kara, choushoku o tabemasu.) After finishing my morning preparations, I will eat breakfast.
— Preparations are complete; ready.
旅行の支度ができているので、いつでも出発できます。 (Ryokou no shitaku ga dekite iru node, itsudemo shuppatsu dekimasu.) My travel preparations are complete, so I can depart anytime.
— Preparations are difficult/tough.
結婚式の支度が大変だった。 (Kekkonshiki no shitaku ga taihen datta.) Preparations for the wedding were tough.
— Preparations for ~.
子供たちの学校の支度を手伝った。 (Kodomo-tachi no gakkou no shitaku o tetsudatta.) I helped with the children's school preparations.
— Personal preparations; getting oneself ready (especially appearance).
出かける前に、きちんと身支度をした。 (Dekakeru mae ni, kichinto mijitaku o shita.) I got myself properly ready before going out.
— Breakfast preparations.
母が朝食の支度をしている。 (Haha ga choushoku no shitaku o shite iru.) Mother is preparing breakfast.
— Dinner preparations.
今日の夕食の支度は何？ (Kyou no yuushoku no shitaku wa nani?) What are today's dinner preparations?
— To start travel preparations.
夏休みの旅行の支度を始める時期だ。 (Natsuyasumi no ryokou no shitaku o hajimeru jiki da.) It's time to start preparations for the summer vacation trip.
— Sufficient preparations.
十分な支度をして、安全な登山を心がけましょう。 (Juubun na shitaku o shite, anzen na tozan o kokorogakemashou.) Let's make sufficient preparations and aim for a safe climb.
Wird oft verwechselt mit
Both mean 'preparation,' but 準備 is broader and can be abstract (e.g., exam prep), while 支度 is more concrete and physical (e.g., packing for a trip). Using 支度 for abstract things can sound odd.
用意 means 'provision' or 'getting things ready,' often focusing on objects or the environment (e.g., preparing food). 支度 includes personal readiness as well as arrangements.
This is a verb meaning 'to arrange' or 'put in order.' It's an action that can be part of 支度, but 支度 is the noun for the whole preparation process.
Redewendungen & Ausdrücke
— To meticulously arrange one's appearance or get oneself fully ready. It emphasizes the act of making oneself presentable and prepared, often involving grooming and dressing.
パーティーに出席するため、彼は念入りに身支度を整えた。 (Paatii ni shusseki suru tame, kare wa nenn'iri ni mijitaku o totonoeta.) To attend the party, he meticulously arranged his appearance.
— Travel preparations. This is a compound word that specifically refers to all the arrangements and items needed for a journey.
旅支度を終え、いよいよ出発だ。 (Tabishitaku o oe, iyoiyo shuppatsu da.) Travel preparations are complete, and now it's finally time to depart.
— To make all necessary arrangements; to prepare everything thoroughly. This idiom implies a comprehensive and meticulous preparation for an event or task.
会議の開始に先立ち、万端を整えた。 (Kaigi no kaishi ni sakidachi, bantann o totonoeta.) Prior to the start of the meeting, all arrangements were made.
— Preparation money; funds set aside for a specific purpose or event, such as starting a business or getting married.
結婚のための支度金を集めている。 (Kekkon no tame no shitakukin o atsumete iru.) I am collecting preparation money for the wedding.
— A preparation room; a room used for getting ready, such as a dressing room or a room where preparations for an event are made.
舞台の開演前に、役者たちは支度部屋で化粧をした。 (Butai no kaien mae ni, yakusha-tachi wa shitakubeya de keshou o shita.) Before the stage performance, the actors put on makeup in the preparation room.
— To make preparations every night. This implies a consistent and perhaps laborious process of getting ready, often for something that occurs daily or frequently.
明日の朝早く起きるために、夜な夜な支度をしている。 (Ashita no asa hayaku okiru tame ni, yonayona shitaku o shite iru.) To wake up early tomorrow morning, I make preparations every night.
— Lack of preparation; insufficient arrangements. This indicates that the necessary preparations were not adequately made.
支度不足で、試合に負けてしまった。 (Shitaku fusoku de, shiai ni makete shimatta.) Because of insufficient preparation, we lost the match.
— Lack of preparation funds; insufficient money for preparations.
起業のための支度金不足で、計画が遅れている。 (Kigyou no tame no shitakukin fusoku de, keikaku ga okurete iru.) The plan is delayed due to a lack of preparation funds for starting a business.
— To neglect preparations; to be remiss in getting ready.
準備を怠ると、思わぬ失敗を招くことがある。 (Junbi o okotaru to, omowanu shippai o maneku koto ga aru.) Neglecting preparations can lead to unexpected failures.
— All preparations are complete; everything is in order. This is similar to 万端を整える but as an adjective phrase or state.
旅行の支度万端で、あとは出発を待つばかりだ。 (Ryokou no shitaku bantan de, ato wa shuppatsu o matsu bakari da.) All travel preparations are complete, and now all that's left is to wait for departure.
Leicht verwechselbar
Both words translate to 'preparation' and are often used interchangeably in casual conversation.
The key difference lies in scope and concreteness. 準備 is a general term for preparation, applicable to both abstract goals (studying for an exam, writing a report) and concrete actions. 支度, on the other hand, strongly implies the physical actions and arrangements needed to get ready for a specific, often immediate, event or outing. Think of 準備 as the broader category and 支度 as a specific type of preparation focused on readiness for action.
試験<ruby>の<rp>(</rp><rt>の</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>準備 (shiken no junbi) - Preparation for an exam (abstract).<br>旅行<ruby>の<rp>(</rp><rt>の</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>支度 (ryokou no shitaku) - Preparations for a trip (concrete actions like packing).
Both involve getting things ready for a purpose.
用意 often refers to the act of providing or setting out items or facilities. It's about making things available. For example, '食事の用意' (shokuji no youi) means preparing a meal. 支度, while it can include preparing food, also encompasses the personal readiness of the individual or group involved. If you are preparing for guests, you might make 用意 for the food and drinks, and then make 支度 for yourself to welcome them.
お客様<ruby>の<rp>(</rp><rt>の</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>ために<ruby>食事<rp>(</rp><rt>しょくじ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>の用意をする (okyakusama no tame ni shokuji no youi o suru) - To prepare a meal for the guests.<br>パーティー<ruby>の<rp>(</rp><rt>の</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>支度 (paatii no shitaku) - Party preparations (can include food, decorations, and personal readiness).
It's a verb that describes an action often involved in preparation.
整える is a verb meaning 'to arrange,' 'to put in order,' or 'to tidy up.' It describes a specific action. 支度 is a noun that refers to the entire process of preparation, which might include the action of 整える. For instance, you might 整える your appearance (身支度を整える) as part of your overall 支度 before going out.
出かける<ruby>前<rp>(</rp><rt>まえ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>に<ruby>身支度<rp>(</rp><rt>みじたく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>を整える (dekakeru mae ni mijitaku o totonoeru) - To arrange one's appearance before going out.<br>This action is part of the broader 支度 for going out.
Both relate to preparing for something in the future.
備える is primarily used for preparing for potential future events, especially emergencies, disasters, or unforeseen circumstances. It often carries a sense of safeguarding or equipping oneself against risks (e.g., '地震に備える' - to prepare for an earthquake). 支度, conversely, is about preparing for planned, often positive, events or outings (e.g., '旅行の支度' - travel preparations).
災害<ruby>に<rp>(</rp><rt>に</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>備える (saigai ni sonaeru) - To prepare for a disaster.<br>週末<ruby>の<rp>(</rp><rt>の</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>ハイキング<ruby>の<rp>(</rp><rt>の</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>支度 (shuumatsu no haikingu no shitaku) - Preparations for a weekend hike.
Both relate to the process of getting something done.
段取り refers to the sequence of steps, the plan, or the order in which tasks are performed. It's about the 'how-to' and the 'in what order.' 支度 is the preparation itself, which often follows a specific 段取り. For example, the 段取り for a wedding might involve booking vendors, sending invitations, and then the actual 支度 of decorations and attire.
パーティー<ruby>の<rp>(</rp><rt>の</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>段取りを考える (paatii no dandori o kangaeru) - To think about the plan/steps for a party.<br>After planning the 段取り, one then proceeds with the 支度.
Satzmuster
〜の支度をする
朝ごはん<ruby>の<rp>(</rp><rt>の</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>支度をする。
〜の支度ができている
旅行<ruby>の<rp>(</rp><rt>の</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>支度ができている。
〜の支度で忙しい
パーティー<ruby>の<rp>(</rp><rt>の</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>支度で忙しい。
〜の支度を始める
引越し<ruby>の<rp>(</rp><rt>の</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>支度を始める。
〜の支度を済ませる
学校<ruby>の<rp>(</rp><rt>の</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>支度を済ませる。
十分な支度
十分<ruby>な<rp>(</rp><rt>な</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>支度をしてから行く。
丁寧な支度
丁寧<ruby>な<rp>(</rp><rt>な</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>支度を心がける。
〜の支度を万端にする
会議<ruby>の<rp>(</rp><rt>の</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>支度を万端にする。
Wortfamilie
Substantive
Verben
Verwandt
So verwendest du es
Very High
-
Using 支度 for abstract or long-term planning.
→
Using 準備 (junbi) for abstract or long-term planning.
While both mean preparation, 支度 typically refers to concrete, physical actions for an immediate event or outing. For abstract goals like studying for an exam or planning a project, 準備 is more appropriate. For example, '試験の準備' (exam preparation) is correct, not '試験の支度'.
-
Confusing 支度 with 用意 (youi) when the focus is on providing items.
→
Using 用意 when the focus is on providing items or setting up facilities, and 支度 for the overall readiness.
用意 often emphasizes the provision of specific items, like food or equipment. 支度 is broader and includes personal readiness. For example, you make 用意 for the food for a party, but you make 支度 for the party itself, which includes more than just the food.
-
Omitting the particle 'の' (no) when specifying what the preparation is for.
→
Using '〜の支度' (e.g., 旅行の支度).
The particle 'の' is crucial for connecting the preparation (支度) to its purpose or object. Omitting it can lead to awkward or unclear sentences. For example, '旅行支度' is less natural than '旅行の支度'.
-
Using 支度 for simple, single actions that don't constitute a 'preparation process'.
→
Using a more direct verb for the action.
While 支度 can cover a range of preparations, it implies a set of actions or a process. Just putting on shoes isn't typically called '支度'; it's part of the 支度. For example, instead of saying '靴を履くのは支度です' (Putting on shoes is preparation), it's better to say '靴を履きました' (I put on my shoes) as part of the preparation.
-
Using 支度 to refer to tidying up after an event.
→
Using 片付け (katazuke) for cleaning up after an event.
支度 refers to preparations made *before* an event or outing. The act of cleaning up or tidying *after* an event is called 片付け (katazuke). They are generally antonyms in terms of timing.
Tipps
Distinguish from 準備
Remember that 支度 (shitaku) is more about the concrete, physical actions of getting ready for an outing or event, like packing or dressing. 準備 (junbi) is a broader term for preparation that can include abstract planning or long-term goals. When in doubt, consider if it involves physical steps for an immediate event – if so, 支度 is likely the better choice.
Use Common Phrases
Mastering common phrases like '〜の支度' (preparations for ~), '支度をする' (to make preparations), and '支度を済ませる' (to finish preparations) will greatly improve your fluency. Try to use these phrases when talking about your daily routines or upcoming plans.
Expand with Related Terms
Learn related terms like 身支度 (mijitaku - personal preparation) and 旅支度 (tabishitaku - travel preparation). Understanding these variations will help you express yourself more precisely and enrich your vocabulary.
Visualize the Action
When learning 支度, visualize the act of packing a bag, laying out clothes, or gathering items for an outing. This concrete imagery can help solidify the meaning of the word and its association with practical preparation.
Master the Particle 'の'
The particle 'の' is frequently used with 支度 to specify what the preparations are for (e.g., 旅行の支度 - travel preparations). Pay close attention to how 'の' connects 支度 to its purpose.
Appreciate the Nuance
In Japanese culture, preparation often carries a sense of thoughtfulness and consideration. When you use 支度, remember it can imply not just getting ready, but doing so with care and attention to detail, especially when preparing for guests or special occasions.
Describe Your Daily Routine
Practice describing your morning routine using 支度. For example, '朝の支度をする' (to do morning preparations) or '学校の支度を済ませた' (finished school preparations). This practical application will reinforce the word's meaning.
Compare with 用意
Understand the difference between 支度 (overall preparation for an event/outing) and 用意 (provision of items/food). For example, you make 支度 for a picnic, which includes the 用意 of food and drinks.
Focus on Stress
The word 支度 (shi-TA-ku) has stress on the second syllable. Practicing the pronunciation with the correct stress will make it sound more natural to native speakers.
Use in Future Plans
When talking about future events, use 支度 to describe what you need to do to get ready. For example, '来週の旅行の支度を始めなければならない' (I must start preparations for next week's trip).
Einprägen
Eselsbrücke
Imagine you are packing for a trip (支度). You need to 'shi' (she)ck your bags and 'ta' (tah)ke everything you need. The 'ku' (koo) is for the 'cool' things you'll do on your trip! So, 'shi-ta-ku' helps you 'sheck and take' for your 'cool' trip.
Visuelle Assoziation
Picture someone diligently packing a suitcase, carefully folding clothes and placing items inside. The suitcase represents the 'preparation' (支度) for a journey. You could also visualize a chef meticulously arranging ingredients on a counter before cooking a special meal – that's 支度 for a feast.
Word Web
Herausforderung
Try to describe all the 支度 you would do for a specific event, like a birthday party or a camping trip, using the word 支度 at least three times in your description.
Wortherkunft
The word 支度 (shitaku) is formed from two kanji: 支 (shi) and 度 (taku). The kanji 支 originally meant 'to support' or 'to branch out,' and in this context, it implies 'to provide' or 'to make arrangements.' The kanji 度 can mean 'degree,' 'measure,' or 'time/occasion.' Together, 支度 implies 'making the necessary measures or arrangements for an occasion.'
Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: To make arrangements or take measures for an event or action.
Sino-Japanese (Kanji compounds)Kultureller Kontext
The term 支度 itself is neutral. However, the context in which it is used can carry nuances. For example, complaining about the difficulty of 支度 for a wedding might be acceptable among close friends but inappropriate in a formal setting. The level of detail and effort put into 支度 can also reflect one's respect for the occasion or the people involved.
In English-speaking cultures, the concept of 'preparation' exists, but the word 'shitaku' often implies a more integrated and sometimes ritualistic aspect of getting ready, especially when it involves personal appearance or preparing for guests. While we might say 'I'm getting ready for the party,' the Japanese 支度 can encompass a broader range of actions and a deeper sense of thoughtful arrangement.
Im Alltag üben
Kontexte aus dem Alltag
Getting ready for school in the morning.
- 朝の支度
- 支度をする
- 早く支度してね
- 支度ができてる？
Packing for a vacation.
- 旅行の支度
- 支度を始める
- 十分な支度
- 旅支度
Preparing for a party or event.
- パーティーの支度
- 支度が大変だ
- 支度をする
- 万端を整える
Getting dressed to go out.
- 外出の支度
- 身支度
- 支度をする
- 支度を済ませる
Preparing for a special occasion like a wedding.
- 結婚式の支度
- 支度金
- 身支度を整える
- 支度が万端
Gesprächseinstiege
"What kind of 支度 do you usually do before going on a trip?"
"How do you make your 支度 for a typical weekday morning?"
"When you have a party, what are the most important parts of your 支度?"
"Do you find making 支度 for events stressful or enjoyable?"
"Can you describe a time when your 支度 for something was particularly thorough or complicated?"
Tagebuch-Impulse
Describe in detail the 支度 you would do for your ideal vacation. What items would you pack, and what arrangements would you need to make?
Reflect on a time when you were very busy with 支度 for an event. What made it challenging, and how did you manage?
Compare and contrast the process of 支度 for a personal outing versus preparing for an event that involves many people.
How does the concept of 支度 relate to mindfulness or being present in Japanese culture, in your opinion?
Imagine you are teaching someone the word 支度. Explain its meaning and provide examples of how they might use it in daily conversation.
Häufig gestellte Fragen
10 FragenThe main difference lies in their scope and focus. 準備 (junbi) is a broader term for preparation, applicable to both abstract goals (like studying for an exam) and concrete actions. 支度 (shitaku), on the other hand, typically refers to the concrete, physical actions and arrangements made to get ready for a specific, often immediate, event or outing, such as packing for a trip or getting dressed to go out. While they can overlap, 支度 emphasizes the practical steps of readiness.
You would use 支度 when you are talking about the specific actions of getting yourself or a group ready for an outing, a trip, or an event. For example, '旅行の支度' (travel preparations) implies packing, booking tickets, etc. '朝の支度' (morning preparations) refers to getting dressed and ready for the day. If you are discussing the abstract planning or studying for a test, 準備 would be more appropriate.
Yes, 支度 can be used for preparing food, especially as part of a larger event. For example, '夕食の支度' (yuushoku no shitaku) means dinner preparations. However, the word 用意 (youi) is also very common for preparing meals and often focuses more on the provision of ingredients and the cooking process itself.
支度 is generally a neutral term, commonly used in everyday conversation. It can be used in slightly more formal contexts when referring to thorough practical arrangements for events. However, for very formal business or academic contexts involving abstract planning, 準備 might be preferred.
Some common phrases include: 支度をする (to make preparations), 支度を済ませる (to finish preparations), 〜の支度 (preparations for ~), and 身支度 (mijitaku - personal preparations/getting oneself ready). For example, '朝の支度を済ませました' (I finished my morning preparations).
Not exclusively. While it's very common for outings and trips, 支度 can also refer to preparations for events happening at home, like a party or a family gathering. The key is that it involves concrete actions to be ready for a specific event or activity.
Generally, no. 支度 focuses on the physical actions and arrangements. For mental preparation, such as preparing for a difficult conversation or studying for a test, 準備 (junbi) is the more appropriate word.
身支度 (mijitaku) is a more specific type of 支度 that refers to preparing oneself, particularly one's appearance, before going out. It includes actions like getting dressed, grooming, and making oneself presentable. 支度 is the broader term that can include 身支度 along with other arrangements for an outing or event.
Use 支度 when the focus is on the overall process of getting ready for an outing, event, or trip, including personal readiness and practical arrangements. Use 用意 when the emphasis is on providing or setting out specific items or facilities, such as preparing food or setting up a room. For instance, you make 支度 for a picnic, which includes packing food (用意) and your own gear.
The word itself is neutral. However, the phrase '支度不足' (shitaku fusoku - lack of preparation) or describing 支度 as '大変だ' (taihen da - difficult/tough) can imply a negative experience or outcome due to insufficient or challenging preparations.
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Summary
支度 (shitaku) is your go-to word for describing the concrete actions and arrangements you make when getting ready for an outing, trip, or event, emphasizing the practical steps involved in being prepared.
- 支度 (shitaku) means preparations or arrangements.
- Used for getting ready for outings, trips, or events.
- Implies concrete actions and practical steps.
- Often translated as 'getting ready' or 'making arrangements'.
Distinguish from 準備
Remember that 支度 (shitaku) is more about the concrete, physical actions of getting ready for an outing or event, like packing or dressing. 準備 (junbi) is a broader term for preparation that can include abstract planning or long-term goals. When in doubt, consider if it involves physical steps for an immediate event – if so, 支度 is likely the better choice.
Use Common Phrases
Mastering common phrases like '〜の支度' (preparations for ~), '支度をする' (to make preparations), and '支度を済ませる' (to finish preparations) will greatly improve your fluency. Try to use these phrases when talking about your daily routines or upcoming plans.
Expand with Related Terms
Learn related terms like 身支度 (mijitaku - personal preparation) and 旅支度 (tabishitaku - travel preparation). Understanding these variations will help you express yourself more precisely and enrich your vocabulary.
Visualize the Action
When learning 支度, visualize the act of packing a bag, laying out clothes, or gathering items for an outing. This concrete imagery can help solidify the meaning of the word and its association with practical preparation.
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もう少し
B1Noch ein bisschen. (もう少し水をください。 - Noch ein bisschen Wasser, bitte.)
じゅうしょ
A2Die genaue Angabe des Ortes, an dem jemand wohnt.
住所
A2Adresse, Wohnort. Der Ort, an dem jemand gemeldet ist.
～後
A2after
目覚まし
B1Ein Wecker. Ein Gerät, das ein Geräusch macht, um jemanden aufzuwecken.
目覚まし時計
B1Ein Wecker ist ein Gerät, das Menschen zu einer bestimmten Zeit aufweckt.
ひとりで
A2Alone.
~のに
B1Obwohl; obgleich. Wird verwendet, um Enttäuschung oder Überraschung über einen unerwarteten Ausgang auszudrücken.
ごぜん
A2Gozen bedeutet Vormittag oder A.M. auf Japanisch.
煩い
B1Der Fernseher ist zu laut (urusai).
