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B1 verb 9 Min. Lesezeit

攻读

gōngdú

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Erklärung 攻读 in your Level:

At the A1 level, '攻读' (gōngdú) might be a bit advanced, but you can understand it as a very serious way to say 'study.' While you usually use '学习' (xuéxí) to say 'I study Chinese,' '攻读' is used when someone is a university student. For example, if a big brother or sister is at a university studying to be a doctor, we use this word. It's like 'studying with a big goal.' You don't need to use it often yet, but when you see it, think of a student in a library working very hard for their degree. It's about 'majoring' in something important.

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For A2 learners, '攻读' is a useful word to know when talking about education and jobs. You can think of it as 'pursuing a degree.' In A2, you learn to describe your life and background. If you want to sound more formal when talking about your college days, you can say '我在大学攻读历史' (I majored in history at university). It is more specific than '学习' because it tells the listener you were focused on a specific academic subject at a high level. Remember: it's for university subjects, not for hobbies like cooking or sports.

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At the B1 level, you should start using '攻读' to distinguish between general learning and formal academic specialization. This word is perfect for discussing your 'major' or your 'degree program.' When you are writing a personal statement or a resume in Chinese, '攻读' is the standard verb. It implies a process of 'attacking' the books—meaning you are studying hard and deeply. You will often see it followed by '学位' (xuéwèi - degree). For example, '攻读硕士学位' (pursuing a master's degree). Using this word correctly shows you understand the formal register of the Chinese language.

At the B2 level, you should appreciate the nuance of '攻' (attack) within '攻读.' It suggests a proactive, diligent approach to scholarship. In debates or formal essays about education, '攻读' is used to describe the rigors of higher education. You can use it to talk about the 'brain drain' (人才流失) when students go abroad to '攻读' degrees and don't return. It also appears in literature to describe a character's devotion to a difficult subject. At this level, you should be able to use it fluently in academic and professional contexts without confusing it with casual words like '看书' or '学'.

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For C1 learners, '攻读' is part of a broader vocabulary related to intellectual pursuit. You should recognize its use in classical and modern academic discourse. It can sometimes be used metaphorically to describe the intense study of a specific, difficult text (e.g., 攻读《资本论》). You should also be aware of its collocations with words like '博大精深' (broad and profound) to describe the subjects being pursued. At this level, you use '攻读' to convey not just the fact of studying, but the professional and intellectual commitment involved in specialized research.

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At the C2 level, you use '攻读' with complete mastery of its stylistic implications. You understand that '攻读' carries a historical weight, echoing the tradition of the imperial examinations where scholars would 'attack' the classics for years. In high-level academic writing, you might use it to describe the methodology of a scholar's life-long devotion to a field. You can distinguish between '攻读' (pursuing a degree), '研读' (intensive research reading), and '修读' (taking a specific course). It is a word that signifies an entry into the community of serious Chinese scholarship.

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A formal verb meaning to major in or pursue a degree with high intensity.
Used primarily in academic contexts like universities and degree programs.
Combines 'attack' and 'read,' implying a serious and diligent effort.
Commonly paired with degrees like Bachelor's, Master's, and PhD.

The Chinese verb 攻读 (gōngdú) is a sophisticated and highly focused term that translates most accurately to 'to major in' or 'to pursue a degree in,' but it carries a much deeper connotation than the simple English equivalent. It is composed of two characters: 攻 (gōng), meaning to attack, assault, or specialize in, and 读 (dú), meaning to read or study. When combined, they suggest an intellectual 'assault' on a specific field of knowledge—a dedicated, intensive, and often long-term commitment to mastering a subject. Unlike the general word for studying, 学习 (xuéxí), which can apply to anything from learning to ride a bike to doing homework, 攻读 is almost exclusively reserved for formal academic pursuits, particularly at the university level or higher.

Academic Rigor: It implies a level of difficulty and seriousness. You don't '攻读' a comic book; you '攻读' a PhD in Astrophysics or a Master's in Comparative Literature.
Goal Orientation: The term is frequently paired with specific degrees, such as 学士 (Bachelor's), 硕士 (Master's), or 博士 (Doctorate). It highlights the path toward an academic credential.

他在哈佛大学攻读经济学博士学位。 (He is pursuing a PhD in Economics at Harvard University.)

In contemporary Chinese society, which places an immense value on education and credentials, using the word 攻读 elevates the conversation. It signals that the student is not just attending classes but is deeply immersed in their research and specialization. It is the language of CVs, formal introductions, and news reports about scholars. If you are describing your university major to a potential employer or an elder, using 攻读 demonstrates a respectful and serious attitude toward your education.

她决定辞职去国外攻读工商管理硕士。 (She decided to quit her job to go abroad and major in an MBA.)

Professional Context: In job interviews, saying '我攻读的是计算机专业' sounds much more professional than '我学的是计算机'. It shows you view your field as a craft to be mastered.

Furthermore, the word reflects the 'bitter study' culture often associated with traditional Chinese values. The concept of 寒窗苦读 (hánchuāng kǔdú)—studying hard by a cold window—is a precursor to the modern usage of 攻读. It suggests that the person is willing to endure the loneliness and hardship of high-level research to achieve their goals. Therefore, when you use this word, you are also subtly nodding to this cultural heritage of academic perseverance.

经过四年的努力，他终于完成了在清华大学的攻读。 (After four years of hard work, he finally completed his studies at Tsinghua University.)

Using 攻读 (gōngdú) correctly requires understanding its grammatical structure and the specific types of objects it takes. Because it is a formal verb, it typically appears in structured environments where the action of studying is the primary focus. The most common pattern is: [Subject] + [Location/Institution] + 攻读 + [Degree/Major].

Structure 1: Studying for a Degree: This is the most frequent use case. The degree can be a general category (like 'master's degree') or a specific one.
Example: 他正在攻读硕士学位。 (He is currently studying for a master's degree.)
Structure 2: Majoring in a Subject: When you want to specify the field of study without necessarily mentioning the degree level.
Example: 她在大学攻读法律。 (She is majoring in law at the university.)

许多学生选择去德国攻读工程学。 (Many students choose to go to Germany to study engineering.)

One nuance to keep in mind is the aspect of time. 攻读 is often used with progressive markers like 正在 (zhèngzài) to indicate an ongoing process, or with 曾 (céng) to indicate a past period of intensive study. It is a 'durative' verb, meaning it describes an action that takes place over a long period. You wouldn't use it for a single afternoon of studying; it refers to the entire multi-year endeavor of a degree program.

他在业余时间攻读了第二个学位。 (He pursued a second degree in his spare time.)

In formal writing, such as a biography or a news article, 攻读 is used to provide background information about a person's expertise. It establishes authority. For instance, '张博士早年赴美攻读生物医学' (Dr. Zhang went to the US in his early years to major in biomedicine) sounds authoritative and precise. It defines the foundation of his career.

The 'Hard Work' Aspect: Sometimes, '攻读' is used to describe the act of grappling with a specific, difficult text or theory, though this is less common than the 'degree' usage.
Example: 他整晚都在攻读那本深奥的哲学著作。 (He spent the whole night diligently studying that profound philosophical work.)

为了通过考试，他不得不攻读大量的参考文献。 (In order to pass the exam, he had to diligently study a large number of reference materials.)

Finally, consider the register. While you can use 攻读 in spoken conversation, it usually appears when the topic is serious. If you're just chatting about what you did today, stick to 看书 (kànshū) or 学习 (xuéxí). If you're talking about your life's direction or your academic path, 攻读 is the perfect choice.

You will encounter 攻读 (gōngdú) in environments where academic achievement and professional qualifications are discussed. It is a staple of 'official' and 'educated' Chinese. Understanding where it appears helps you gauge when it's appropriate to use it yourself.

1. University Admissions & Websites: University brochures and websites are filled with this word. Phrases like '欢迎来我校攻读硕士学位' (Welcome to our school to pursue a master's degree) are standard. It frames the university experience as a rigorous challenge.
2. News and Biographies: When a news report introduces an expert or a scientist, they will almost always mention where that person '攻读'ed their degree. It provides the necessary credentials to the audience.

在新闻采访中，记者提到：‘这位年轻的科学家曾在伦敦攻读人工智能。’ (In the news interview, the reporter mentioned: 'This young scientist once majored in AI in London.')

In the workplace, 攻读 is used during recruitment. An HR manager might look at a resume and say, '我看你是在海外攻读的金融' (I see you pursued finance overseas). Here, it's not just about the subject, but the perceived effort and the prestige of the international experience. It sounds more impressive than '你学的是金融'.

父母总是希望孩子能攻读一个热门的专业。 (Parents always hope their children can major in a popular subject.)

Another common place is in academic papers and prefaces of books. Authors might describe their journey of '攻读'ing a specific theory over many years. This usage emphasizes the 'diligence' aspect of the word—the long hours spent in the library or the laboratory. It conveys a sense of intellectual devotion.

3. Formal Introductions: At conferences or seminars, the host will use this word to introduce speakers. It sets a professional tone for the event.
Example: 李教授曾在牛津大学攻读历史学。 (Professor Li once studied history at Oxford.)

他在简历中写道：‘本人于2015年至2018年间在复旦大学攻读硕士。’ (He wrote in his resume: 'I pursued my master's at Fudan University between 2015 and 2018.')

In summary, 攻读 is the word of the 'intellectual elite' and those aspiring to join them. It's heard in the halls of academia, the offices of recruitment firms, and the high-end media. When you use it, you're signaling that you understand the weight and the value of higher education.

While 攻读 (gōngdú) is a powerful word, its formal nature makes it easy to misuse in casual settings or with inappropriate objects. Here are the most common pitfalls for English speakers learning Chinese.

Mistake 1: Using it for Casual Reading: Because '读' means 'to read,' students often think they can use '攻读' for any book. This is incorrect. You don't '攻读' a novel or a magazine for fun.
Incorrect: 我在攻读一本小说。 (I am 'assault-reading' a novel.)
Correct: 我在看一本小说。 (I am reading a novel.)
Mistake 2: Overusing it for Simple Skills: '攻读' implies academic depth. It's not used for learning a basic skill like cooking or driving.
Incorrect: 他在攻读怎么开车。 (He is majoring in how to drive.)
Correct: 他在学开车。 (He is learning to drive.)

注意：不要把攻读用于非学术的场合。 (Note: Do not use 'gōngdú' for non-academic occasions.)

Another mistake is forgetting the 'degree' or 'major' component. 攻读 feels incomplete if it's just 'I am studying hard.' It usually needs a target—what exactly are you attacking? Without a specific subject or degree, the sentence feels vague and slightly awkward in a formal context.

如果你只是在复习考试，用“复习”而不是“攻读”。 (If you are just reviewing for an exam, use 'fùxí' instead of 'gōngdú'.)

Mistake 3: Misplacing the Location: In English, we say 'I am pursuing a degree AT Oxford.' In Chinese, the location usually comes BEFORE the verb.
Incorrect: 我攻读硕士在牛津大学。
Correct: 我在牛津大学攻读硕士。

Finally, avoid using 攻读 for very young children. A primary school student doesn't '攻读' math; they just '学' (study) or '上课' (attend class). The word implies a level of independent research and intellectual maturity that is associated with adulthood and higher education.

To truly master 攻读 (gōngdú), it's helpful to compare it with other words that mean 'to study' or 'to learn.' Chinese has many synonyms for these actions, each with its own specific 'vibe' and usage rules.

学习 (xuéxí) vs. 攻读: 学习: The general term. Can be used for anything, any age, any level. It is neutral and common.
攻读: Specific to higher education and majors. It is formal and implies intensity.
研读 (yándú) vs. 攻读: 研读: Means 'to study and research' a specific text or theory. It focuses on the act of reading deeply.
攻读: Focuses on the pursuit of a degree or a whole field of study.

他在攻读博士期间，仔细研读了孔子的著作。 (While pursuing his PhD, he carefully studied/researched the works of Confucius.)

There is also 进修 (jìnxiū), which means 'to engage in advanced studies' or 'to take a refresher course.' This is often used by professionals who already have a job but go back to school for a short time to improve their skills. While 攻读 is about getting a full degree, 进修 is about professional development.

比起普通的“读书”，攻读更有目标感。 (Compared to ordinary 'studying', 'gōngdú' has a stronger sense of purpose.)

主修 (zhǔxiū) vs. 攻读: 主修: Literally 'major in.' It is often used as a noun or a static verb to describe your major.
攻读: Describes the active process of pursuing that major. It sounds more dynamic.

In summary, choose 攻读 when you want to emphasize the effort, the formal academic setting, and the pursuit of a high-level qualification. Use the alternatives when the focus is more casual, professional/short-term, or purely focused on the act of reading.

How Formal Is It?

Wusstest du?

The character '攻' features the '攵' radical, which historically represented a hand holding a stick, suggesting the 'force' or 'striking' action involved in attacking a subject.

Aussprachehilfe

UK ɡɒŋ duː

US ɡɔŋ du

Equal stress on both syllables, though the rising tone of 'dú' often makes it sound slightly more emphasized.

Reimt sich auf

中读 (zhōngdú) 重读 (zhòngdú) 诵读 (sòngdú) 解读 (jiědú) 朗读 (lǎngdú) 阅读 (yuèdú) 宣读 (xuāndú) 查读 (chádú)

Häufige Fehler

Pronouncing 'gōng' as 'kōng' (unvoiced).
Using the wrong tone for 'dú' (e.g., falling tone instead of rising).
Confusing 'dú' with 'dōu' (all).
Not aspirating the 'g' correctly.
Vowel length too short on 'u'.

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Lesen 3/5

Recognizable in formal texts; clear structure.

Schreiben 4/5

Requires knowledge of formal register to use correctly.

Sprechen 3/5

Useful for self-introductions in professional settings.

Hören 3/5

Common in news and academic introductions.

Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest

Voraussetzungen

学习大学专业博士硕士

Als Nächstes lernen

深造研究导师论文学术

Fortgeschritten

钻研研读进修修读

Wichtige Grammatik

Verb-Object Structure

攻读 (Verb) + 博士学位 (Object)

Prepositional Phrases for Location

在哈佛大学 (Location) + 攻读

Aspect Marker '正在'

他正在攻读...

Resultative Complements (rare with this word)

攻读成功 (rarely used, usually '完成攻读')

Adverbial Modification

努力攻读, 潜心攻读

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Beispiele nach Niveau

他在大学攻读。

He is studying at a university.

Simple Subject + Location + Verb.

我想攻读电脑。

I want to major in computers.

Verb '攻读' followed by a simple major.

她攻读医学。

She majors in medicine.

Direct object after the verb.

他在北京攻读。

He is studying in Beijing.

Location '在北京' comes before '攻读'.

哥哥在攻读博士。

Older brother is pursuing a PhD.

Common degree '博士' used as object.

他在攻读法律吗？

Is he majoring in law?

Question form with '吗'.

我不攻读数学。

I am not majoring in math.

Negative form using '不'.

他在攻读硕士学位。

He is pursuing a master's degree.

Formal degree name as object.

我打算去英国攻读硕士。

I plan to go to the UK to pursue a master's.

Use of '打算' (plan) with '攻读'.

他正在攻读工商管理。

He is currently majoring in Business Administration.

Progressive marker '正在'.

她攻读的是艺术专业。

What she is majoring in is art.

The '...的是...' structure for emphasis.

你为什么选择攻读这个专业？

Why did you choose to major in this subject?

Using '选择' (choose) before the action.

他在海外攻读了四年。

He studied abroad for four years.

Time duration '四年' follows the verb.

攻读博士需要很多时间。

Pursuing a PhD requires a lot of time.

'攻读' used as a gerund/subject.

她在那所名校攻读文学。

She is majoring in literature at that prestigious school.

Attribute '那所名校' describing the location.

我们要努力攻读。

We must study hard.

Adverb '努力' (hard/diligently) modifying '攻读'.

为了未来的发展，他决定攻读第二个学位。

For his future development, he decided to pursue a second degree.

Purpose clause '为了...'.

他在工作之余攻读硕士学位。

He is pursuing a master's degree in his spare time from work.

'工作之余' (outside of work) as a time phrase.

攻读这个专业需要很强的逻辑思维。

Majoring in this subject requires strong logical thinking.

Complex subject phrase.

她曾赴美攻读教育学硕士。

She once went to the US to pursue a Master's in Education.

Use of '赴' (go to) and '曾' (once).

他在该校攻读期间表现优异。

He performed excellently during his studies at that school.

'攻读期间' (during the period of study).

攻读博士不仅是学习，更是研究。

Pursuing a PhD is not just learning, but more importantly, research.

'不仅...更是...' (not only... but also...).

他放弃了高薪工作，选择回校攻读。

He gave up a high-paying job and chose to return to school to study.

Contrast between '放弃' (give up) and '选择' (choose).

许多年轻人选择攻读人工智能专业。

Many young people choose to major in Artificial Intelligence.

Modern technical term as object.

他以优异的成绩完成了在清华的攻读。

He completed his studies at Tsinghua with excellent grades.

'攻读' used here as a noun phrase.

在导师的指导下，他开始攻读这个课题。

Under the guidance of his supervisor, he began to diligently study this topic.

Context of '课题' (research topic).

攻读法律需要极大的毅力和耐心。

Majoring in law requires immense perseverance and patience.

Abstract nouns as requirements.

他申请到了全额奖学金去攻读博士学位。

He applied for and received a full scholarship to pursue a PhD.

Compound sentence with '申请到' (successfully applied for).

这种深奥的理论值得我们花时间去攻读。

This profound theory is worth our time to study diligently.

'值得' (worth) + action.

他在攻读期间发表了多篇学术论文。

He published several academic papers during his period of study.

'发表' (publish) and '学术论文' (academic papers).

攻读学位并不是唯一的成功路径。

Pursuing a degree is not the only path to success.

Negative assertion about 'success'.

她正在潜心攻读中国古代文学。

She is devoting herself to the diligent study of ancient Chinese literature.

Adverb '潜心' (with great concentration).

他并非为了文凭，而是出于兴趣在攻读。

He is not studying for a diploma, but out of interest.

'并非...而是...' (not... but...).

攻读博士是一场智力与体力的双重考验。

Pursuing a PhD is a double test of intelligence and physical strength.

Metaphorical description of the process.

他在攻读过程中对该领域有了深刻的见解。

During the course of his studies, he gained deep insights into the field.

'深刻的见解' (profound insights).

由于家庭变故，他不得不中断了在外的攻读。

Due to a family misfortune, he had to interrupt his studies abroad.

'中断' (interrupt) and '变故' (misfortune).

他一生都在攻读社会学，著作等身。

He spent his whole life studying sociology and wrote many books.

'著作等身' (idiom: having written many books).

攻读学位的过程也是磨炼意志的过程。

The process of pursuing a degree is also a process of tempering one's will.

Philosophical parallel structure.

她立志要攻读最前沿的生物技术。

She is determined to study the most cutting-edge biotechnology.

'立志' (be determined to) and '最前沿' (cutting-edge).

他在攻读之余还积极参与社会实践。

In addition to his studies, he also actively participated in social practice.

'...之余' (in addition to/besides).

攻读之难，不在于书本之厚，而在于钻研之深。

The difficulty of diligent study lies not in the thickness of books, but in the depth of research.

Classical Chinese '...之...' structure.

他以一种近乎狂热的态度攻读着古典哲学。

He was studying classical philosophy with an almost fanatical attitude.

Complex adverbial phrase '近乎狂热的态度'.

这种跨学科的攻读为他开辟了全新的研究视野。

This interdisciplinary study opened up a brand-new research perspective for him.

'跨学科' (interdisciplinary) and '开辟' (open up).

他在攻读期间所展现的学术造诣令人叹服。

The academic accomplishments he demonstrated during his studies were impressive.

'学术造诣' (academic attainment) and '令人叹服' (admirable).

攻读不仅是知识的累积，更是灵魂的洗礼。

Diligent study is not just the accumulation of knowledge, but also a baptism of the soul.

Highly abstract and metaphorical.

他深耕学术多年，当年的攻读经历仍历历在目。

He has been deep in academia for years, and his experience of studying back then is still vivid.

'深耕' (deeply cultivate) and '历历在目' (vividly remembered).

攻读学位固然重要，但独立思考的能力更为关键。

Pursuing a degree is important, to be sure, but the ability to think independently is more crucial.

'固然...但...' (admittedly... but...).

他将毕生精力都倾注于对宇宙奥秘的攻读之中。

He poured his lifelong energy into the diligent study of the mysteries of the universe.

'倾注于...之中' (pour into/devote to).

Häufige Kollokationen

攻读学位

攻读博士

攻读专业

出国攻读

勤奋攻读

在校攻读

攻读课程

潜心攻读

赴美攻读

攻读法律

Häufige Phrasen

攻读硕士学位

— To pursue a Master's degree.

他正在攻读硕士学位。

攻读博士学位

— To pursue a Doctorate degree.

她已经在攻读博士学位了。

在职攻读

— To study while working (part-time).

他在职攻读MBA。

回校攻读

— To return to school to study further.

他工作两年后决定回校攻读。

公费攻读

— To study at public expense (scholarship).

他获得了公费攻读的机会。

跨专业攻读

— To pursue a degree in a different field from one's previous study.

他选择跨专业攻读心理学。

继续攻读

— To continue studying for a higher degree.

本科毕业后，他选择继续攻读。

业余攻读

— To study in one's spare time.

他业余攻读了第二外语。

海外攻读

— To study for a degree overseas.

海外攻读的经历对他很重要。

潜心攻读

— To focus wholeheartedly on one's studies.

他躲进深山潜心攻读。

Wird oft verwechselt mit

攻读 vs 阅读

阅读 is general reading; 攻读 is intensive academic pursuit.

攻读 vs 学习

学习 is the umbrella term; 攻读 is a formal specific subset.

攻读 vs 主修

主修 is often a noun/state; 攻读 is the active process.

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"寒窗苦读"

— To study hard by a cold window (traditional phrase for a poor student working hard).

经过十年的寒窗苦读，他终于考上了大学。

Literary

"博学笃志"

— To be widely learned and steadfast in one's purpose.

作为一名攻读博士的学生，应当博学笃志。

Formal

"韦编三绝"

— To study so hard that the leather thongs binding the book break three times.

他这种韦编三绝的精神值得每一个攻读的人学习。

Literary

"学无止境"

— Knowledge has no limit; one should never stop learning.

攻读学位只是开始，学无止境。

General

"废寝忘食"

— To forget to eat and sleep due to being so focused on work or study.

为了攻读这个课题，他几乎废寝忘食。

Common

"手不释卷"

— Always having a book in hand; loving to study.

他攻读期间手不释卷，非常刻苦。

Literary

"凿壁借光"

— To bore a hole in the wall to steal light (studying hard despite poverty).

古代有凿壁借光的故事，激励我们要努力攻读。

Historical

"孜孜不倦"

— To study or work with tireless enthusiasm.

他在攻读期间孜孜不倦，成绩斐然。

Formal

"名列前茅"

— To be among the best; to rank at the top.

他在大学攻读期间，成绩一直名列前茅。

Common

"学有所成"

— To have achieved success in one's studies.

祝愿你出国攻读能够学有所成。

Polite/Formal

Leicht verwechselbar

攻读 vs 修读

Both involve studying a course.

修读 is for taking a course or credit; 攻读 is for a whole degree/field.

他修读了三个学分，但他攻读的是工程学。

攻读 vs 研读

Both imply deep study.

研读 is about a specific text; 攻读 is about a degree or major.

他在攻读博士时，仔细研读了这本名著。

攻读 vs 进修

Both are higher education.

进修 is for short-term professional training; 攻读 is for a full degree.

医生去进修新技术，学生去攻读医学学位。

攻读 vs 读书

Both mean 'study'.

读书 is general/casual; 攻读 is formal/specific.

孩子在读书，爸爸在攻读博士。

攻读 vs 深造

Both mean further study.

深造 is a general goal of going higher; 攻读 is the specific action of doing so.

他想去美国深造，打算攻读金融硕士。

Satzmuster

我在[学校]攻读[专业]。

他在北大攻读历史。

他正在攻读[学位]学位。

她正在攻读硕士学位。

为了[目标]，他选择攻读[专业]。

为了找工作，他选择攻读计算机。

[Subject]曾赴[地点]攻读[学位]。

王教授曾赴美攻读博士。

在[时间]期间，他一直努力攻读。

在大学期间，他一直努力攻读。

[Subject]并非为了[目的]，而是为了攻读[学科]。

他并非为了名利，而是为了攻读真理。

攻读[学科]需要[素质]。

攻读哲学需要极高的悟性。

将[精力]倾注于对[课题]的攻读中。

他将毕生精力倾注于对科学的攻读中。

Wortfamilie

Substantive

读物 (reading material)

读者 (reader)

读书人 (scholar/student)

Verben

读 (read)

攻 (attack/specialize)

攻击 (attack)

攻克 (overcome)

Adjektive

攻读型的 (study-oriented)

Verwandt

学位 (degree)

专业 (major)

学术 (academic)

博士 (doctor)

硕士 (master)

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So verwendest du es

frequency

Common in academic and professional contexts; rare in casual street talk.

Häufige Fehler

我在攻读报纸。 → 我在看报纸。
You don't '攻读' a newspaper; it's too casual.
他攻读了一年英语课。 → 他学了一年英语。
Short courses or general learning don't use '攻读'.
我攻读在英国。 → 我在英国攻读。
The location must come before the verb.
他在攻读打篮球。 → 他在练习打篮球。
Physical skills use '练习' (practice) or '学' (learn).
攻读一本书。 → 研读一本书。
For a single book, '研读' or '阅读' is more appropriate.

Tipps

Word Order

Always put the university before the verb: '在[大学]攻读'.

Be Formal

Use this word in your Chinese CV to impress employers.

The 'Attack' Element

Remember that '攻' implies the subject is challenging.

Pairing

Pair it with '学位' (degree) to sound more natural.

Respect

Using this word shows respect for the difficulty of higher education.

Biographies

This is the standard word for educational history in biographies.

Intonation

Keep the first tone of 'gōng' steady and high.

Workplace

Use it when discussing your qualifications in a job interview.

Level Up

Moving from '学习' to '攻读' is a sign of advancing your Chinese level.

Study Attack

Think: 'I attack (攻) the books (读) to get my degree!'

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Think of 'Gong' (like a gong sound for focus) and 'Du' (sounds like 'do'). You have to 'Gong' the books to 'Do' your degree!

Visuelle Assoziation

Imagine a student using a pen like a sword to 'attack' (攻) a thick book (读) on a desk.

Word Web

University Degree PhD Major Hard work Library Research Academic

Herausforderung

Write a short paragraph about what you would like to '攻读' if you had a full scholarship to any university in the world.

Wortherkunft

The term originates from ancient Chinese where '攻' (gōng) meant to work on, polish, or assault, and '读' (dú) meant to recite or study. It reflects the intensive labor required in classical scholarship.

Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: To diligently research and study a specific book or subject.

Sino-Tibetan (Chinese)

Kultureller Kontext

Be careful not to use it for casual learning, as it might sound pretentious or mocking if applied to trivial subjects.

Equivalent to 'pursuing a degree' or 'majoring in,' but '攻读' is slightly more formal and emphasizes the effort more than the English 'major.'

Used in biographies of famous Chinese scientists like Qian Xuesen. Found in classical novels when describing a protagonist's preparation for exams. Commonly used in modern graduation speeches.

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Job Interview

我攻读的是...
在攻读期间...
我选择攻读这个专业是因为...
我曾赴美攻读...

University Application

申请攻读
攻读计划
拟攻读学位
在贵校攻读

Formal Introduction

这位是攻读...的张先生
他正在攻读博士
他在名校攻读
攻读多年

Academic Discussion

攻读课题
攻读理论
潜心攻读
攻读成果

Resume Writing

攻读学位：硕士
攻读专业：法律
攻读起止时间
在校攻读表现

Gesprächseinstiege

"你大学时攻读的是什么专业？"

"你有没有考虑过出国攻读博士学位？"

"在攻读期间，你遇到的最大挑战是什么？"

"攻读法律和攻读医学，你觉得哪个更难？"

"你觉得在职攻读硕士学位累吗？"

Tagebuch-Impulse

如果你有机会回大学攻读一个全新的专业，你会选择什么？为什么？

描述你的一次‘攻读’经历。你是如何克服困难的？

有些人认为攻读学位不再重要，谈谈你的看法。

如果你正在攻读一个学位，你希望在毕业时达到什么样的学术水平？

分析‘攻读’这个词中的‘攻’字对你学习态度的启发。

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

Generally, no. It is reserved for university-level studies or specialized academic pursuits. For high school, use '上学' or '学习'.

It is primarily a verb (to study diligently), but it can sometimes function as a gerund or noun phrase in formal contexts like '攻读期间' (during the study period).

主修 specifically means 'to major in.' 攻读 is broader; it can mean 'to major in' or 'to pursue a degree' with an emphasis on the effort involved.

Only if you are majoring in that language at a university (e.g., 攻读法语专业). If you are just taking a language class, use '学' or '学习'.

No, it describes the process. You can say '他正在攻读' (He is currently studying) or '他完成了攻读' (He completed his studies/graduated).

It might sound a bit too formal for a casual text unless you are being serious or talking about your academic goals.

It would sound very dramatic. If you are doing it at a professional academy for a degree, yes. Otherwise, '学' is better.

学士 (Bachelor), 硕士 (Master), 博士 (Doctorate) are the most common.

In this context, it means to specialize in or devote effort to, derived from the idea of 'attacking' a difficult task.

我正在攻读数学专业。

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