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但凡

danfan /tân˥˧ fan˧˥/
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Overview

The Chinese word '但凡' (dàn fán) is a versatile conjunction and adverb that conveys the meaning of 'whenever,' 'in all cases,' 'as long as,' or 'provided that.' It emphasizes a general condition or a comprehensive scope, suggesting that if a certain condition is met, then a particular outcome or situation will invariably follow. It often appears in formal contexts or written language, though it can also be used in spoken Chinese to add a touch of emphasis or formality.

Usage and Nuances:

  1. 1Establishing a General Condition ('Whenever,' 'As long as'): '但凡' is frequently used to introduce a general condition that applies broadly. It implies that the subsequent clause is true for any instance where the initial condition is met.
  • Example: 但凡遇到困难，他总是第一个站出来解决。(Dànfán yùdào kùnnan, tā zǒng shì dì yī gè zhàn chūlái jiějué.) - Whenever he encounters difficulties, he is always the first to step forward to solve them.
  • Example: 但凡是好书，我都喜欢读。(Dànfán shì hǎo shū, wǒ dōu xǐhuan dú.) - As long as it's a good book, I like to read it.
  1. 1Emphasizing Universality or Comprehensiveness ('In all cases,' 'Any'): It can highlight that something applies without exception to a certain category or situation.
  • Example: 但凡有时间，他都会去健身房。(Dànfán yǒu shíjiān, tā dōu huì qù jiànshēnfáng.) - In all cases where he has time, he will go to the gym.
  • Example: 但凡参加过这次会议的人，都对他的演讲印象深刻。(Dànfán cānjiāguò zhè cì huìyì de rén, dōu duì tā de yǎnjiǎng yìnxiàng shēnkè.) - Anyone who attended this meeting was deeply impressed by his speech.
  1. 1Often Followed by '都' (dōu) or '总' (zǒng): To reinforce the idea of universality or regularity, '但凡' is very commonly paired with '都' (all/both) or '总' (always) in the subsequent clause. This combination strengthens the sense that the outcome is consistent and without exception.
  • Example: 但凡是他的朋友，他都真心相待。(Dànfán shì tā de péngyou, tā dōu zhēnxīn xiāng dài.) - As long as they are his friends, he treats them all with sincerity.
  • Example: 但凡下雨，路面总是湿滑。(Dànfán xiàyǔ, lùmiàn zǒng shì shīhuá.) - Whenever it rains, the road surface is always slippery.
  1. 1Implying a Minimum Requirement ('Provided that'): In some contexts, '但凡' can suggest a minimum condition that must be met for something to occur.
  • Example: 但凡你努力，就没有办不成的事。(Dànfán nǐ nǔlì, jiù méiyǒu bàn bù chéng de shì.) - Provided that you work hard, there's nothing you can't accomplish.

Distinction from Similar Words:

  • 只要 (zhǐyào - as long as, provided that): While '只要' can be similar in meaning, '但凡' often carries a slightly more formal or emphatic tone and tends to suggest a broader, more general condition. '只要' can be more focused on a singular, specific condition.
  • 每当 (měidāng - whenever): '每当' also means 'whenever,' but '但凡' often implies a condition that leads to a consequence, whereas '每当' simply marks the recurrence of an event in time.

Structure:

'但凡' typically precedes the conditional clause, which is then followed by a main clause describing the consequence or outcome. The structure is often: 但凡 + [condition] + (都/总) + [consequence].

In summary, '但凡' is a powerful word for expressing general conditions, universality, and consistent outcomes. Its usage adds a degree of formality and emphasis, making it a valuable tool for precise and comprehensive communication in Chinese.

Beispiele

1

但凡他开口，就没有办不成的事。

Expressing certainty and effectiveness based on someone's involvement.

Whenever he speaks, there's nothing that can't be done.

2

但凡有一线希望，我们都不会放弃。

Emphasizing persistence and determination.

In all cases where there's a glimmer of hope, we won't give up.

3

但凡是人，都会有感情。

Stating a universal truth about human nature.

Whenever it's a human, they will have emotions.

4

但凡有机会，他就会去旅行。

Describing a regular habit or preference.

Whenever there's an opportunity, he goes traveling.

5

但凡你仔细检查一下，就不会犯这种错误。

Expressing regret or a hypothetical condition for avoiding a negative outcome.

If only you had checked carefully, you wouldn't have made this mistake.

Häufige Kollokationen

但凡有人
但凡遇到
但凡是
但凡情况

Wird oft verwechselt mit

但凡 vs 即便

'但凡' emphasizes 'any' or 'every' instance within a given scope, often implying a condition that applies broadly. '即便' means 'even if' or 'even though,' introducing a concession or a hypothetical situation that doesn't change the main point. '但凡' sets a general condition for something to happen, while '即便' acknowledges a contrary possibility but insists on the main statement.

但凡 vs 只要

'但凡' means 'whenever' or 'in all cases,' highlighting that a condition applies universally or in every single instance. '只要' means 'as long as' or 'provided that,' indicating a necessary condition for a result. '但凡' focuses on the breadth of a condition's application, while '只要' focuses on the sufficiency of a single condition.

Grammatikmuster

但凡 + [Verb/Clause implying a general condition], 都/总会/就 + [Result/Consequence] 但凡是 + [Noun/Noun Phrase], 都/总会 + [Verb/Consequence] 但凡 + [Situation/Event], 往往/总是 + [Outcome/Characteristic]

So verwendest du es

Nutzungshinweise

'但凡' is typically used at the beginning of a clause to introduce a condition or a general premise. It is often followed by '都' (dōu), '总' (zǒng), '就' (jiù), or '皆' (jiē) in the subsequent clause to indicate the consequent outcome or universality. The structure often looks like '但凡 [condition], [consequence/result]'. It's important to note that '但凡' implies that the condition has to be met for the consequence to occur, and it often suggests that this consequence is consistently true across all instances where the condition is met. While it means 'whenever' or 'in all cases,' it's not a direct equivalent to a simple 'if' statement. Instead, it carries a stronger sense of certainty or a more encompassing scope. For example, '但凡是人，都会犯错' (dànfán shì rén, dōu huì fàncuò - Whenever it is a human, they will make mistakes) implies a universal truth about human nature.

Häufige Fehler

1. Using '但凡' interchangeably with '如果' (rúguǒ) or '只要' (zhǐyào) without considering the nuance. While all three can introduce conditions, '但凡' emphasizes that the condition applies universally or whenever it occurs. 2. Forgetting to follow '但凡' with a consequence or result. It sets up a condition that demands a subsequent outcome. 3. Misplacing '但凡' in a sentence. It typically comes at the beginning of a clause stating the condition.

Tipps

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Usage Tip

'但凡' (dàn fán) is typically used in formal contexts and literary works. It often implies a conditional relationship, similar to 'whenever' or 'as long as.' It can introduce a general truth or a hypothetical situation that applies to all cases.

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Common Pitfalls

Avoid using '但凡' in casual conversation as it can sound overly formal or even archaic. Also, ensure the context clearly supports the 'whenever' or 'in all cases' meaning, as misusing it can lead to awkward phrasing or misinterpretation.

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Pro Tip

When using '但凡,' consider pairing it with a consequence or outcome that universally applies. For example, '但凡有志者，事竟成' (Whenever there is a person with aspiration, things will be accomplished). This emphasizes the all-encompassing nature of the condition.

Wortherkunft

The word '但凡' (dàn fán) is a combination of two characters: '但' (dàn) and '凡' (fán). '但' (dàn) originally meant 'only' or 'just'. Over time, it developed senses of 'but' or 'however', often indicating a turn in thought or a condition. In some contexts, it can also function as an intensifier or to introduce a limiting condition. '凡' (fán) means 'all', 'every', 'ordinary', or 'common'. It is often used to generalize or refer to a broad scope. When combined, '但凡' forms a phrase that emphasizes a universal condition or occurrence. It suggests 'as long as [a certain condition is met], then [a certain outcome will follow]' or 'whenever [a situation arises], it is always the case that...'. The '但' lends a conditional or delimiting nuance, while '凡' provides the sense of universality or exhaustiveness. The phrase implies that the statement applies without exception under the given circumstances. Historically, both characters have ancient origins in Chinese. '但' can be traced back to oracle bone script, and '凡' also has a long history, appearing in early written forms. Their combination to form '但凡' likely developed as a way to express a more nuanced and comprehensive conditional statement than either character could achieve alone. The structure highlights that the ensuing statement is true for *every single instance* that falls under the specified condition. The evolution of '但凡' reflects a common pattern in Chinese where single characters combine to form compound words or phrases, with the new compound often carrying a meaning that is a semantic blend or intensification of its constituent parts. In this case, it evolved to strongly convey the idea of 'whenever' or 'in all cases' where a certain condition applies.

Kultureller Kontext

The word '但凡' (dànfán) in Chinese carries a nuanced cultural weight that emphasizes the idea of 'whenever' or 'in all cases' with an underlying sense of conditionality or expectation. It's often used in more formal or literary contexts, and can imply a certain universality or inevitability when a particular condition is met. Culturally, its usage reflects a way of thinking that connects specific actions or situations to broader, often predictable, outcomes. It can also be used to express a strong generalization or an opinion that something is consistently true under certain circumstances. For instance, in traditional Chinese thought, if someone says '但凡努力，皆有回报' (dànfán nǔlì, jiē yǒu huíbào - whenever one strives, there is a return), it reflects a belief in the causal link between effort and reward, a common moral and philosophical tenet.

Merkhilfe

'但凡' (dànfán) is often used in conditional sentences to mean 'whenever' or 'in all cases.' Think of it as 'given that X, then Y.' The '但' part can remind you of 'only' or 'just,' implying that the condition must be met for something to happen. The '凡' part can be linked to '凡是' (fánshì), which means 'all' or 'every,' reinforcing the idea of 'in all cases.' So, 'only if all cases are met.'

Häufig gestellte Fragen

4 Fragen

'但凡' (dàn fán) is a Chinese word that can be translated as 'whenever' or 'in all cases'. It's often used to introduce a general condition or premise, implying that if that condition is met, a certain outcome will follow. It emphasizes the universality or regularity of an event or situation.

'但凡' typically precedes a clause that describes a general condition. For example, '但凡努力，就会有收获' (Dàn fán nǔlì, jiù huì yǒu shōuhuò) means 'Whenever one puts in effort, there will be rewards.' Another example is '但凡遇到困难，他都会想办法解决' (Dàn fán yù dào kùnnán, tā dōu huì xiǎng bànfǎ jiějué), meaning 'In all cases when he encounters difficulties, he will find a way to solve them.'

Yes, some close synonyms for '但凡' include '只要' (zhǐyào), which means 'as long as,' and '凡是' (fánshì), which also means 'all' or 'every'. While they share similar meanings, '但凡' often carries a slightly more emphatic or literary tone, highlighting the universality of the condition.

Both '但凡' and '只要' introduce conditions. However, '只要' often implies a single, sufficient condition, like '只要你努力，就能成功' (As long as you work hard, you can succeed). '但凡', on the other hand, emphasizes a more general or recurring condition, suggesting that 'in any and every instance' that condition holds, a certain result will occur. '但凡' tends to convey a broader scope of applicability.

Teste dich selbst

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____ 有机会，我都会去旅行。

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
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____ 遇到困难，他总是第一个站出来。

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
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____ 是学语言的人，都会明白坚持的重要性。

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:

Ergebnis: /3

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