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A1 noun #2,000 más común 8 min de lectura

دهه

daheh
Practícalo Ejemplos Notas y consejos دهه en 30 segundos
Explicación دهه in your Level:
At the A1 level, 'دهه' is a simple vocabulary word that you learn alongside numbers. You should understand that it means 'ten years'. At this stage, you don't need to worry about complex historical contexts. Just know that if someone says 'یک دهه', they mean 10 years. You might use it in very basic sentences like 'دهه یعنی ده سال' (A decade means ten years). It's a useful word to recognize when looking at calendars or basic history books. You should focus on the pronunciation: 'da-he'. Think of it as a container for the number ten. When you see 'ده' (10), 'دهه' is just the noun version for a period of time. It's like learning 'week' or 'month', but for a longer time.
At the A2 level, you can start using 'دهه' to describe your age or the age of others in a general way. Instead of saying 'I am 20', you might say 'I am in my second decade of life' (though this is more formal). You will also encounter it when talking about recent history. For example, 'در دهه گذشته' (in the past decade). You should be able to form simple sentences using 'دهه' and an adjective, like 'دهه جدید' (the new decade). This level also introduces the idea of the Persian calendar decades. You might hear someone say they were born in 'دهه هشتاد' (the 80s/2000s). You should practice connecting the word to numbers using the Ezafe (dahe-ye...).
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At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'دهه' in discussions about social trends and personal history. You can use it to compare different times: 'زندگی در دهه قبل راحت‌تر بود' (Life was easier in the previous decade). You will start to see the word in news articles and more detailed stories. You should also understand the cultural significance of 'دهه شصتی‌ها' (those born in the 1360s) as a specific social group in Iran. This is the level where you transition from just knowing the definition to understanding the social identity associated with certain decades. You can also use the plural 'دهه‌ها' to describe things that have lasted a long time, like 'دهه‌ها پیش' (decades ago).
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At the B2 level, 'دهه' becomes a tool for more complex analysis. You can use it to discuss economic cycles, political eras, and artistic movements. You should be able to understand and use phrases like 'دهه طلایی' (the golden decade) or 'دهه تحول' (the decade of transformation). You will encounter the word in academic texts where it is used to segment data or historical periods. You should also be aware of the religious context where 'دهه' means ten days, especially in the context of 'دهه فجر' or 'دهه محرم', and be able to distinguish between the two meanings based on context. Your usage should be grammatically perfect, including the correct Ezafe and plural forms.
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At the C1 level, you use 'دهه' with nuance and precision. You can discuss the 'spirit of a decade' (روح یک دهه) and how it influences literature and art. You understand the subtle connotations that different decades have in Iranian history—for example, the economic shifts of the 70s vs. the social changes of the 80s. You can use the word in sophisticated sentence structures, such as 'در تلاطم‌های سیاسی آن دهه...' (In the political turmoils of that decade...). You are also expected to know the etymological roots and how the word relates to other numerical nouns like 'سده' and 'هزاره'. Your vocabulary should include idioms or common metaphors involving decades and time.
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At the C2 level, your mastery of 'دهه' is equivalent to a highly educated native speaker. You can use it in philosophical discourse about the nature of time and history. You can analyze how the concept of a 'decade' is a social construct and how it has been used to frame Iranian national identity. You are comfortable with archaic or highly formal variations and can use the word in creative writing to evoke specific moods or eras. You understand the deepest cultural references associated with every decade of the last century in Iran and can participate in high-level debates about generational gaps (شکاف نسلی) using 'دهه' as a primary unit of categorization. Your use of the word is seamless, whether in a technical report or a poetic essay.
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Practícalo Ejemplos Notas y consejos

دهه en 30 segundos

  • A noun meaning 'decade' or a period of ten years.
  • Derived from the Persian word for ten ('dah').
  • Used to categorize generations (e.g., دهه شصتی‌ها).
  • Can also mean a ten-day period in religious contexts.

The Persian word دهه (pronounced /dahe/) is a fundamental noun in the Persian language used to denote a period of ten years, equivalent to the English word 'decade'. Derived from the root 'ده' (dah), meaning ten, it serves as a chronological marker that helps speakers organize time into manageable blocks. In the context of the Iranian calendar, this word carries significant weight as it often categorizes generations or historical eras, such as the famous 'دهه شصت' (the sixties, referring to the 1360s in the Solar Hijri calendar, which corresponds to the 1980s). Understanding this word is essential for anyone looking to discuss history, sociology, or personal milestones in Persian.

Linguistic Origin
Derived from the Middle Persian 'dahag', linking directly to the Indo-European root for the number ten.
Grammatical Function
A common noun that can take plural forms (دهه‌ها) and be modified by adjectives or numbers.
Numerical Context
Specifically refers to a sequence of 10 units of time (years).

ما در یک دهه اخیر شاهد تغییرات زیادی بوده‌ایم. (We have witnessed many changes in the last decade.)

Beyond its literal meaning, 'دهه' is often used to describe specific cultural cohorts. For instance, 'دهه شصتی‌ها' (those born in the 1360s) is a term frequently used in Iranian media to discuss a specific generation shaped by the post-revolution era and the Iran-Iraq war. This cultural nuance makes the word more than just a mathematical unit; it is a vessel for collective memory and identity. In academic writing, it is used to segment data, while in casual conversation, it might refer to the stages of one's life, such as the third decade of living.

هر دهه چالش‌های خاص خود را دارد. (Every decade has its own specific challenges.)

In literature, the word can take on a more poetic or philosophical tone, representing the relentless march of time. It is often paired with adjectives like 'طلایی' (golden) or 'سیاه' (black) to characterize the nature of that specific ten-year span. For a learner, mastering this word allows for a more structured way to describe past events and future aspirations. It is a building block for temporal fluency.

این کتاب تاریخ سه دهه را روایت می‌کند. (This book narrates the history of three decades.)

Synonym
ده سال (Ten years)
Plural
دهه‌ها (Decades)

او در دهه چهارم زندگی‌اش است. (He is in the fourth decade of his life.)

تکنولوژی در این دهه پیشرفت سریعی داشت. (Technology had rapid progress in this decade.)

Using 'دهه' correctly involves understanding its placement in a sentence and its relationship with numbers. In Persian, when you want to specify a particular decade, you usually follow the word 'دهه' with an ordinal number or a specific era name. For example, 'دهه اول' (the first decade) or 'دهه شصت' (the sixties). Unlike English, where we often add an 's' to the year (the 80s), Persian uses the word 'دهه' followed by the base number of that decade.

One of the most common structures is [دهه + Number]. If you are talking about someone's age, you might say 'در دهه سی زندگی' (in the thirties of life). This indicates the person is between 30 and 39 years old. It is a more formal and precise way than saying 'حدود سی سال' (around thirty years).

In formal writing, 'دهه' is indispensable for historical analysis. You will see it in headlines like 'تحولات سیاسی دهه اخیر' (Political developments of the recent decade). Here, the word acts as a boundary, helping the reader focus on a specific timeframe. It is also used in the plural form, 'دهه‌ها', to indicate a long duration of time, often to emphasize persistence or long-standing issues. For example, 'این مشکل دهه‌هاست که وجود دارد' (This problem has existed for decades).

Another important usage is in the context of the 'Fajr Decade' (دهه فجر), which refers to the ten-day celebration of the Iranian Revolution's anniversary. This highlights that 'دهه' can technically mean a period of ten days in specific cultural or religious contexts, though its primary meaning remains ten years. When you hear it in the news, context will tell you if they mean ten days (usually religious/political) or ten years (usually historical/social).

To sound more natural, pay attention to the Ezafe construction. 'دهه‌یِ شصت' (The decade of sixty). The short 'e' sound (Ezafe) connects 'دهه' to the following word. In modern typing, this is often represented by a small 'ye' (ء or ی) over the final 'heh' or just left to be understood by the reader. Mastering this connection is key to proper pronunciation and flow.

You will encounter 'دهه' in a variety of settings, ranging from high-brow academic lectures to nostalgic social media posts. On Iranian television, news anchors frequently use it when discussing economic plans, such as 'برنامه توسعه ده ساله' (ten-year development plan) or when reviewing the 'دهه گذشته' (past decade). It provides a professional, structured tone to the reporting.

In the world of documentaries and history books, 'دهه' is the standard unit of measurement. You might hear a narrator say, 'در دهه چهل، ایران شاهد رشد صنعتی بود' (In the 1340s/1960s, Iran witnessed industrial growth). Here, it sets the stage for historical context. If you are a fan of Iranian cinema, you will often hear critics discuss 'سینمای دهه هفتاد' (the cinema of the 70s), referring to a specific stylistic era in Iranian filmmaking.

Socially, the word is a staple of generational talk. If you are in a cafe in Tehran, you might hear someone say, 'ما دهه هفتادی‌ها خیلی فرق داریم' (We, the 70s generation, are very different). This usage is very common among young people to create a sense of group identity based on the decade they were born in. It’s a way of saying '90s kids' or 'Gen Z' but categorized strictly by the Persian calendar decade.

In religious gatherings, especially during Muharram or Fatimiyya, the word 'دهه' is used to mark the ten-day mourning periods. A speaker might announce, 'برنامه‌های دهه اول' (The programs for the first ten days). This is perhaps the only context where the word consistently means days instead of years, and it is a crucial distinction for anyone living in or studying Iranian culture.

One of the most frequent mistakes for learners is confusing the Persian decade with the Gregorian decade. When an Iranian says 'دهه شصت', they are not talking about the 1960s; they are talking about the years 1360-1369 in the Persian calendar, which corresponds to 1981-1990. This can lead to significant chronological confusion in conversation. Always clarify the calendar system if you are unsure.

Another mistake is the incorrect use of the plural. Some learners might try to say 'ده سال‌ها' to mean decades, but the correct word is 'دهه‌ها'. While 'ده سال' means ten years, it doesn't function as a collective noun for a 'decade' in the same way 'دهه' does. You can't say 'من در ده سال شصت به دنیا آمدم'; you must use 'دهه'.

Pronunciation can also be a hurdle. The final 'h' in 'دهه' is a 'silent h' (heh-ye maktubi), meaning it functions like a vowel (e) at the end of the word. Some learners mistakenly pronounce the 'h' sound clearly, which sounds unnatural. It should sound like 'da-he', not 'da-hah'.

Additionally, learners often forget the Ezafe when connecting 'دهه' to a number. It’s 'dahe-ye shast', not just 'dahe shast'. Without the Ezafe, the sentence sounds fragmented and grammatically incorrect. Lastly, be careful with the context of 'ten days' vs 'ten years'. If you are talking about a mourning period, 'دهه' means days. If you are talking about history or age, it means years. Using 'دهه' to mean ten days in a non-religious context (like 'I'll be on vacation for a decade') would be confusing; for ten days of vacation, you should just say 'ده روز'.

Several words in Persian are related to 'دهه' either by meaning or by their numerical root. The most obvious is سده (Sade), which means 'century' (100 years). Just as 'دهه' comes from 'ده' (10), 'سده' comes from 'صد' (100). Another related term is هزاره (Hezare), meaning 'millennium' (1000 years), derived from 'هزار' (1000). Together, these three words form the hierarchy of long-term time measurement in Persian.

If you are looking for a word that means a period of time but isn't strictly ten years, you might use دوره (Dowre), which means 'period', 'era', or 'cycle'. While 'دهه' is always ten, 'دوره' can be any length of time, such as 'دوره نوجوانی' (the period of adolescence). Another similar word is عصر (Asr), which usually refers to a longer 'age' or 'epoch', like 'عصر حجر' (the Stone Age).

In terms of the 'ten days' meaning, the word عشره (Ashare) is an Arabic loanword used in very formal or religious Persian to mean a group of ten, often ten days. However, 'دهه' is much more common in everyday speech. For the number ten itself, the word is simply ده (Dah). Understanding these relationships helps a learner build a mental map of how Persian handles numbers and time-related nouns, moving from the specific (ten) to the collective (decade) to the vast (century and millennium).

How Formal Is It?

Nivel de dificultad

Gramática que debes saber

Ezafe construction

Ordinal numbers

Pluralization of nouns ending in silent 'h'

Time prepositions (در، از، تا)

Relative clauses with time nouns

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Ejemplos por nivel

1

هر دهه ده سال است.

Every decade is ten years.

Simple subject-predicate sentence.

2

یک دهه چند سال است؟

How many years is one decade?

Interrogative sentence.

3

او یک دهه در این شهر بود.

He was in this city for a decade.

Past tense with a time duration.

4

دهه جدید شروع شد.

The new decade started.

Subject + Adjective + Verb.

5

من در این دهه به مدرسه رفتم.

I went to school in this decade.

Prepositional phrase 'در این دهه'.

6

دهه اول تمام شد.

The first decade finished.

Ordinal number 'اول' modifying 'دهه'.

7

پدرم دو دهه کار کرد.

My father worked for two decades.

Number 'دو' before the noun.

8

این دهه زیبا است.

This decade is beautiful.

Demonstrative 'این' + noun.

1

در دهه گذشته، من خیلی بزرگ شدم.

In the past decade, I grew up a lot.

Use of 'گذشته' (past) as an adjective.

2

او در دهه نود میلادی به دنیا آمد.

He was born in the nineties (Gregorian).

Specifying a decade with 'میلادی' (Gregorian).

3

ما در دهه دوم زندگی خود هستیم.

We are in the second decade of our lives.

Possessive 'خود' and ordinal 'دوم'.

4

این ساختمان یک دهه پیش ساخته شد.

This building was built a decade ago.

Passive voice 'ساخته شد' with time reference.

5

دهه شصت در ایران مهم بود.

The sixties (1360s) were important in Iran.

Proper noun-like use of a decade.

6

چند دهه از آن اتفاق می‌گذرد؟

How many decades have passed since that event?

Plural 'دهه' in a question.

7

او برای یک دهه معلم بود.

She was a teacher for a decade.

Duration with 'برای'.

8

تکنولوژی در هر دهه تغییر می‌کند.

Technology changes in every decade.

Present simple for general truths.

1

دهه هفتادی‌ها علایق متفاوتی دارند.

Those born in the 70s (1370s) have different interests.

Adding 'ی' and 'ها' to create a group noun.

2

این شرکت در دهه اخیر رشد زیادی داشته است.

This company has had a lot of growth in the recent decade.

Present perfect tense.

3

او دهه‌ها برای حقوق بشر جنگید.

He fought for human rights for decades.

Plural 'دهه‌ها' indicating a long time.

4

دهه فجر هر سال جشن گرفته می‌شود.

The Fajr decade is celebrated every year.

Specific cultural term (10 days).

5

تغییرات اقلیمی در این دهه نگران‌کننده است.

Climate change in this decade is worrying.

Compound adjective 'نگران‌کننده'.

6

او در اواخر دهه هشتاد بازنشسته شد.

He retired in the late eighties.

Use of 'اواخر' (late/end of).

7

موسیقی این دهه با دهه قبل فرق دارد.

The music of this decade is different from the previous one.

Comparison using 'با ... فرق داشتن'.

8

او تمام دهه چهل زندگی‌اش را سفر کرد.

He traveled throughout the fourth decade of his life.

Direct object 'دهه' with 'را'.

1

دهه شصت میلادی دوران تحولات فرهنگی بود.

The 1960s was an era of cultural transformations.

Complex noun phrase as subject.

2

سیاست‌های اقتصادی در دهه گذشته شکست خورد.

Economic policies failed in the past decade.

Plural subject with singular verb (common in Persian for non-humans).

3

این نویسنده در سه دهه فعالیت خود جوایز زیادی برد.

This writer won many awards in his three decades of activity.

Quantifier 'سه' + 'دهه'.

4

بحران مسکن از دو دهه پیش آغاز شد.

The housing crisis began two decades ago.

Prepositional phrase starting with 'از'.

5

دهه اول محرم برای شیعیان اهمیت مذهبی دارد.

The first ten days of Muharram have religious importance for Shias.

Contextual meaning: 10 days.

6

پیشرفت‌های علمی در این دهه بی‌سابقه بوده است.

Scientific advances in this decade have been unprecedented.

Adjective 'بی‌سابقه' (unprecedented).

7

او در اواسط دهه پنجاه به خارج مهاجرت کرد.

He immigrated abroad in the mid-fifties.

Use of 'اواسط' (middle of).

8

سینمای ایران در دهه هفتاد شکوفا شد.

Iranian cinema flourished in the seventies.

Intransitive verb 'شکوفا شدن'.

1

تحلیلگران این دهه را دوران گذار می‌نامند.

Analysts call this decade a transition period.

Double object construction.

2

دهه‌ها استبداد، ساختار اجتماعی را تخریب کرد.

Decades of tyranny destroyed the social structure.

Plural noun as a collective cause.

3

او در دهه پایانی عمرش به عرفان روی آورد.

In the final decade of his life, he turned to mysticism.

Adjective 'پایانی' (final).

4

شکاف نسلی بین دهه شصتی‌ها و هشتادی‌ها مشهود است.

The generational gap between those born in the 60s and 80s is evident.

Complex comparison of groups.

5

این نظریه در طول چندین دهه تکامل یافته است.

This theory has evolved over several decades.

Present perfect 'تکامل یافته است'.

6

دهه مشروطه نقطه عطفی در تاریخ ایران بود.

The decade of the Constitutional Revolution was a turning point in Iranian history.

Metaphorical 'نقطه عطف' (turning point).

7

او با نگاهی به دهه‌های گذشته، خاطراتش را نوشت.

Looking back at past decades, he wrote his memoirs.

Participial-like phrase 'با نگاهی به'.

8

رشد اقتصادی در این دهه مرهون صادرات نفت بود.

Economic growth in this decade was due to oil exports.

Formal word 'مرهون' (indebted to/due to).

1

روح جمعی یک دهه را می‌توان در ادبیات آن جستجو کرد.

The collective spirit of a decade can be sought in its literature.

Passive potential 'می‌توان ... جستجو کرد'.

2

توالی دهه‌ها، غباری از فراموشی بر وقایع می‌نشاند.

The succession of decades settles a dust of forgetfulness on events.

Poetic/Literary personification.

3

او در دهه پنجم زندگی به پختگی فکری رسید.

He reached intellectual maturity in the fifth decade of his life.

Abstract noun 'پختگی فکری'.

4

این جنبش، محصول انباشت مطالبات در دهه‌های متمادی بود.

This movement was the product of the accumulation of demands over consecutive decades.

Formal vocabulary 'انباشت' and 'متمادی'.

5

واکاوی تحولات دهه چهل مستلزم بررسی اسناد محرمانه است.

Analyzing the developments of the 1340s requires examining confidential documents.

Gerund-like 'واکاوی' as subject.

6

هر دهه، پارادایم‌های خاص خود را به جامعه تحمیل می‌کند.

Every decade imposes its own specific paradigms on society.

Use of the loanword 'پارادایم'.

7

او میراث‌دار دهه‌ها تلاش بی‌وقفه در عرصه هنر است.

He is the heir to decades of unceasing effort in the field of art.

Compound noun 'میراث‌دار'.

8

در فراخنای دهه‌ها، تنها نام‌های بزرگ باقی می‌مانند.

In the expanse of decades, only great names remain.

Literary word 'فراخنا' (expanse).

Colocaciones comunes

دهه اخیر
دهه گذشته
دهه آینده
اوایل دهه
اواخر دهه
اواسط دهه
در طول یک دهه
پایان دهه
آغاز دهه
دهه اول

Frases Comunes

دهه شصتی‌ها
دهه هفتادی‌ها
دهه هشتادی‌ها
دهه فجر
دهه اول محرم
دهه کرامت
چندین دهه
یک دهه تمام
در آستانه دهه جدید
فراز و نشیب‌های یک دهه

Se confunde a menudo con

دهه vs سده (century)

دهه vs دوره (period)

دهه vs سال (year)

Modismos y expresiones

"دهه به دهه (decade by decade)"
"از دهه‌ها پیش (from decades ago)"
"در دهه چندم زندگی (in which decade of life)"
"یک دهه را پشت سر گذاشتن (to leave a decade behind)"
"به دهه ... پا گذاشتن (to enter the ... decade)"
"دهه سرنوشت‌ساز (the decisive decade)"
"دهه طلایی (the golden decade)"
"دهه سیاه (the black decade)"
"دهه خورشیدی (solar decade)"
"دهه میلادی (Gregorian decade)"

Fácil de confundir

دهه vs ده

دهه vs دفع

دهه vs دره

Patrones de oraciones

Familia de palabras

Relacionado

سده
هزاره
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Cómo usarlo

Age

Being 'in a decade' of life is more formal than saying a specific age.

Plural

The plural 'دهه‌ها' is used for 'decades' in general.

Calendar

Always assume Solar Hijri unless 'میلادی' is mentioned.

Errores comunes
  • Using 'دهه' for 10 days in non-religious contexts.
  • Forgetting the Ezafe when saying 'دهه شصت'.
  • Confusing Persian decades (1360s) with Gregorian decades (1960s).
  • Pronouncing the final 'h' as a hard consonant.
  • Using 'ده سال‌ها' instead of 'دهه‌ها' for the plural.

Consejos

Ezafe Connection

Always use the Ezafe (dahe-ye) when a number follows.

Calendar Awareness

Remember the 621-year difference between Persian and Gregorian calendars.

Word Family

Learn 'Sade' (century) and 'Hezare' (millennium) together with 'Dahe'.

Generational Labels

Using 'دهه شصتی' is a great way to start a conversation about culture.

Historical Context

Use 'دهه' to define the scope of historical events in your writing.

Context Clues

If you hear 'Muharram' and 'Dahe', it means 10 days, not 10 years.

Root Word

Link 'Dahe' to 'Dah' (10) to never forget its meaning.

Precision

Use 'دهه' instead of 'ده سال' to sound more like a native speaker in formal contexts.

Identity

Iranians identify strongly with their birth decade; it's a key social marker.

Data Analysis

In reports, 'دهه' is the standard way to group yearly data.

Memorízalo

Mnemotecnia

Think of 'Dah' (10) + 'He' (a suffix making it a noun). Dah-he = Ten-ish period = Decade.

Origen de la palabra

Middle Persian

Contexto cultural

Used to label generational cohorts.

Refers to 10-day mourning or celebration periods.

Segments the history of the Islamic Republic.

Practica en la vida real

Contextos reales

Inicios de conversación

"تو متولد کدوم دهه هستی؟ (Which decade were you born in?)"

"به نظرت بهترین دهه برای زندگی کدوم بود؟ (Which decade do you think was best for living?)"

"در دهه آینده چه اتفاقی می‌افته؟ (What will happen in the next decade?)"

"تکنولوژی در این دهه خیلی پیشرفت کرده، نه؟ (Technology has advanced a lot this decade, hasn't it?)"

"خاطره‌ای از دهه شصت داری؟ (Do you have a memory from the 60s/80s?)"

Temas para diario

Write about where you want to be in one decade.

Describe the most important events of the last decade in your life.

Compare the current decade with the previous one.

How has your city changed over the last two decades?

If you could live in any decade of history, which one would it be?

Preguntas frecuentes

10 preguntas

Usually yes, but in religious or specific cultural contexts like 'دهه فجر', it means 10 days.

You say 'دهه هشتاد'. If you mean the 1980s, you say 'دهه هشتاد میلادی'.

Persian does not have grammatical gender.

The plural is 'دهه‌ها' (dahe-ha).

It refers to a person born between 1360 and 1369 (1981-1990).

No, for days you should use 'ده روز'. 'دهه' for days is only for specific established periods.

'دهه' is strictly 10 years; 'دوره' is a general period of any length.

It is used in both formal and informal Persian.

It's a silent 'h', so it sounds like an 'e' at the end of the word.

Usually an ordinal number (اول، دوم) or a base number (شصت، هفتاد).

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Ponte a prueba 180 preguntas

/ 180 correct

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