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B1 auxiliary Neutral 3 min de lectura

〜出す

/dasu/
Practícalo Notas y consejos

Overview

The Japanese expression '〜出す' (〜だす) is a versatile auxiliary verb that attaches to the ます-stem of a verb, adding the nuance of 'to begin suddenly,' 'to start doing,' or 'to burst into an action.' It implies an abrupt or spontaneous initiation of an action, often with a sense of energy or intensity. This makes it distinct from other beginning-related auxiliary verbs like '〜始める' (〜はじめる), which simply indicates the start of an action without the connotation of suddenness.

Let's break down the components and common usages:

Formation:

It's formed by taking the ます-stem of a verb (which is the verb without the final 'ます' form) and attaching '出す' directly to it. For example:

  • 飲む (nomu - to drink) -> 飲み (nomi - ます-stem) + 出す = 飲み出す (nomidasu - to start drinking suddenly)
  • 泣く (naku - to cry) -> 泣き (naki - ます-stem) + 出す = 泣き出す (nakidasu - to burst into tears)
  • 走る (hashiru - to run) -> 走り (hashiri - ます-stem) + 出す = 走り出す (hashiridasu - to start running suddenly)

Key Nuances and Usage:

  1. 1Suddenness/Abruptness: This is the most prominent feature of '〜出す.' It highlights an action that begins without warning or with a sudden onset. Imagine a child who was quiet and then suddenly starts crying, or a car that abruptly starts moving.
  • Example: 子供が急に泣き出した。(Kodomo ga kyū ni nakidashita.) - The child suddenly burst into tears.
  • Example: 車が動き出した。(Kuruma ga ugokidashita.) - The car suddenly started moving.
  1. 1Spontaneity/Uncontrolled Action: '〜出す' can also convey that an action is involuntary or happens spontaneously, often beyond the control of the subject.
  • Example: 笑い出した。(Warai dashita.) - I burst out laughing (it just happened).
  • Example: 突然、雨が降り出した。(Totsuzen, ame ga furidashita.) - Suddenly, it started raining.
  1. 1Emergence/Appearance: When used with verbs related to seeing or appearing, it can mean something 'starts to appear' or 'comes into view.'
  • Example: 太陽が顔を出し始めた。(Taiyō ga kao o dashihajimeta.) - The sun started to show its face (emerge).
  • (Note: In this specific context, '〜始める' is often used interchangeably, but '〜出す' would emphasize the suddenness of its appearance.)
  1. 1Initiation of a Process: While emphasizing suddenness, it still signifies the beginning of an action or process. The action might continue for some time after the sudden start.
  • Example: 彼が話し出すと、誰も止められない。(Kare ga hanashidasu to, dare mo tomerarenai.) - Once he starts talking, no one can stop him.

Comparison with '〜始める' (〜はじめる):

The main difference lies in the nuance of suddenness. Both mean 'to start,' but '〜始める' is more neutral and simply indicates the commencement of an action, while '〜出す' adds the element of abruptness or spontaneity.

  • 雨が降り始めた。(Ame ga furihajimeta.) - It started to rain. (Neutral statement about the beginning of rain).
  • 雨が降り出した。(Ame ga furidashita.) - It suddenly started to rain. (Emphasizes the sudden onset of rain).

When choosing between the two, consider if the suddenness or unexpected nature of the action is important to convey. If the action is a controlled, deliberate start, '〜始める' is usually more appropriate. If it's an impulsive, immediate, or uncontrollable start, '〜出す' is often the better choice.

Common Combinations:

  • 泣き出す (nakidasu) - to burst into tears
  • 笑い出す (waraidasu) - to burst out laughing
  • 走り出す (hashiridasu) - to start running suddenly
  • 話し出す (hanashidasu) - to start talking suddenly
  • 動き出す (ugokidasu) - to start moving suddenly
  • 歌い出す (utaidasu) - to start singing suddenly
  • 降り出す (furidasu) - to start falling (rain, snow) suddenly

In summary, '〜出す' is a powerful auxiliary verb that adds a dynamic and often emotional layer to Japanese verbs, conveying the idea of a sudden, spontaneous, or abrupt beginning of an action.

Ejemplos

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Colocaciones comunes

急に出す (kyuu ni dasu)
歌い出す (utai dasu)
話し出す (hanashi dasu)
走り出す (hashiri dasu)

Se confunde a menudo con

〜出す vs 始める

Both '〜出す' and '始める' indicate the beginning of an action. However, '〜出す' often implies a sudden, spontaneous, or unexpected start, or the emergence of an action that was previously contained or hidden. '始める' is a more general term for starting something, without the same connotations of suddenness or emergence.

〜出す vs 始める (hajimeru)

Both mean 'to start'. However, 〜出す emphasizes the suddenness or unexpectedness of the start, or the action bursting forth. 始める is a more neutral term for starting something.

Patrones gramaticales

Verb-masu stem + 出す (dasu) Suddenly starting an action An action bursting forth or emerging

Cómo usarlo

The auxiliary verb '〜出す' (dasu) attaches to the ます-stem of a verb to indicate that an action starts suddenly or begins to occur. It conveys a sense of abruptness or the initiation of an action that was not previously happening. For example, '雨が降り出す' (ame ga furidasu) means 'the rain starts to fall suddenly.' It can also imply an action that is spontaneously expressed or begins to manifest outwardly, such as '笑い出す' (waraidasu - to burst out laughing) or '歌い出す' (utai dasu - to break into song). While often translated as 'to begin to' or 'to start doing,' the 'suddenly' nuance is usually present, distinguishing it from simply '〜始める' (hajimeru) which just means 'to begin' without the strong emphasis on abruptness. It's commonly used with verbs describing actions that can happen without much prior planning or as an immediate reaction.

Errores comunes

One common mistake is confusing '〜出す' with '〜始める' (hajimeru), which also means 'to begin.' The key difference is the nuance of 'suddenness' or 'unexpectedness' that '〜出す' carries. '〜始める' is a more neutral way to say 'to start' an action, without the implication of it being abrupt or an outburst. For example, you would say 勉強を始める (benkyō o hajimeru) for 'to start studying' in a regular sense, but 泣き出す (nakidasu) for 'to suddenly burst into tears.' Another mistake is trying to use it with actions that don't lend themselves to a sudden or outward 'burst.' It's typically used with verbs that describe an action that can begin abruptly or emanate from a person or thing, such as crying, running, singing, or speaking. Avoid using it for planned or gradual beginnings.

Origen de la palabra

The auxiliary verb 〜出す (dasu) comes from the verb 出す (dasu), meaning 'to take out', 'to put out', or 'to produce'. When used as an auxiliary verb, it retains the nuance of something emerging or starting. Historically, this usage developed from the idea of an action 'coming out' or 'starting forth'. Its usage became more prominent in the Edo period (1603-1868) and has been a stable part of the Japanese language ever since. The nuance of suddenness or beginning an action with energy is a key characteristic of its auxiliary verb usage. It's often affixed to the 連用形 (ren'yōkei - continuative form) of other verbs.

Contexto cultural

The auxiliary verb '〜出す' (dasu) in Japanese doesn't carry significant cultural context on its own beyond its grammatical function. However, the action it describes – starting to do something suddenly or beginning to do something – can often reflect cultural nuances depending on the specific verb it's attached to. For instance, '泣き出す' (nakidasu - to suddenly start crying) might be associated with moments of strong emotion that are sometimes suppressed in Japanese society, making the sudden outburst more noteworthy. Similarly, '走り出す' (hashiridasu - to suddenly start running) could be seen in contexts of urgency or impulsive action. The emphasis on suddenness or initiation can subtly highlight reactions or beginnings that stand out against a backdrop of more measured or gradual actions often valued in Japanese social interactions.

Truco para recordar

Visualize a sudden, outward action. The '〜出す' ending literally means 'to put out' or 'to take out.' So, it's like an action suddenly 'comes out' of you or 'starts coming out.' Think of it as an eruption or an initiation of an action that wasn't happening before.

Preguntas frecuentes

4 preguntas

'〜出す' (dasu) is an auxiliary verb in Japanese that indicates the sudden commencement of an action. It conveys the sense of something starting abruptly, spontaneously, or unexpectedly. It can also imply a strong, decisive, or outward manifestation of an action or emotion. This auxiliary verb is appended to the stem of another verb.

'〜出す' (dasu) is attached to the ます-stem (or 連用形 - ren'yōkei) of a verb. For example, if you have the verb 食べる (taberu - to eat), its ます-stem is 食べ (tabe). Adding '出す' makes it 食べ出す (tabedasu), meaning 'to suddenly start eating' or 'to begin to eat'. It often emphasizes the suddenness or initial burst of the action.

Certainly! Here are a few examples: 1. 彼女は急に泣き出した。(Kanojo wa kyū ni nakidashita.) - She suddenly started crying. 2. 子供たちは笑い出した。(Kodomo-tachi wa waraidashita.) - The children burst out laughing. 3. 雨が降り出した。(Ame ga furidashita.) - It started raining (suddenly). 4. 彼が歌い出すと、みんなが静かになった。(Kare ga utaidasu to, minna ga shizuka ni natta.) - When he started to sing, everyone became quiet.

Using '〜出す' (dasu) adds the nuance of suddenness, unexpectedness, or an outward expression that wouldn't be present if you just used the base verb. For instance, '食べる' (taberu) simply means 'to eat', but '食べ出す' (tabedasu) strongly implies 'to suddenly start eating' or 'to burst into eating'. It highlights the moment of initiation and can also suggest an action becoming apparent or noticeable.

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