B2 · Intermedio alto Capítulo 3

Reporting Trends and Data

6 Reglas totales
58 ejemplos
5 min
Reglas en este capítulo Práctica rápida

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of professional data reporting and trend analysis in Korean.

  • Express general tendencies and common habits clearly.
  • Analyze data and provide professional evaluations.
  • Report findings and research conclusions with formal structures.
Speak like a pro: Data-driven Korean mastery.

Lo que aprenderás

Hey there, future Korean pro! Ready to dive into something super cool and surprisingly useful? In this chapter,

Reporting Trends and Data,
you're going to unlock the secrets to sounding really professional and smart when you talk about social tendencies, research, and data in Korean. Even as a beginner (A1!), you'll learn foundational phrases that make you sound like a pro. What exactly will you learn? We'll tackle six powerful grammar patterns, including: * ~는 경향이 있다 (tends to...), perfect for talking about common habits or general inclinations. * ~는 것으로 보인다 (it appears that...), so you can objectively state observations, just like a news reporter! * ~는 것을 시사한다 (suggests that...), to hint at implications from data without being overly assertive. * ~는 양상을 보이다 (shows a pattern of...), for describing how trends or data are changing. * ~는 것으로 나타났다 (it was found that...), an awesome way to report facts and research findings. * And finally, ~는 것으로 평가된다 (is evaluated as...), for giving a professional, data-backed judgment. Why does this matter? Imagine you're watching a Korean news report, reading a simple article, or even just talking to a friend about what's popular among students. These phrases will help you understand and express those ideas clearly and formally. You'll move beyond simple statements and start describing observations, findings, and even simple evaluations with confidence. By the end of this chapter, you won't just know isolated words; you'll be able to professionally describe basic trends you observe, report simple facts, and even suggest what a simple pattern might imply in everyday Korean conversations or when reading basic texts. It might sound complex now, but trust me, we'll break it down so it's super easy and fun. You totally got this!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Synthesize research findings into a coherent report using all six grammar patterns.

Guía del capítulo

Overview

Hey there, future Korean pro! Welcome to
Reporting Trends and Data,
a pivotal chapter designed to elevate your Korean grammar B2 skills. In this section, you're not just learning new phrases; you're unlocking the ability to articulate observations, research findings, and professional evaluations with the sophistication of a native speaker.
This module is essential for anyone aiming to understand or contribute to discussions on social tendencies, academic research, or statistical reports in Korean. Mastering these patterns will significantly enhance your reading comprehension of news articles and academic papers, and empower you to express nuanced ideas in formal settings.
These advanced Korean sentence structures move you beyond basic statements, allowing you to describe phenomena and draw conclusions with greater precision. Whether you're presenting data, discussing societal shifts, or simply explaining why something is happening, these grammatical tools provide the framework for clear, objective, and impactful communication. Embrace these patterns, and you'll find yourself not only sounding more professional but also thinking more critically in Korean, truly solidifying your B2 Korean proficiency.

How This Grammar Works

This chapter introduces six powerful Korean grammar patterns that are indispensable for reporting trends and data. Let's break them down:
First, ~는 경향이 있다 (tends to...) is used to express general tendencies or inclinations. It attaches to verb or adjective stems. For example: 젊은 세대는 온라인 쇼핑을 선호하는 경향이 있다 (The younger generation tends to prefer online shopping).
Next, ~ㄴ/은/는 것으로 보인다 (it appears that...) allows you to state objective observations or inferences. It's often used when presenting findings. For example: 물가 상승률이 둔화되는 것으로 보인다 (It appears that the inflation rate is slowing down).
The form depends on the verb/adjective and tense (e.g., ~은 것 for past, ~는 것 for present verbs, ~ㄴ 것 for present adjectives).
Third, ~ㄴ/은/는 것을 시사한다 (suggests that...) is perfect for hinting at implications or interpretations from data without being overly assertive. 코로나19는 재택근무의 확대를 시사한다 (COVID-19 suggests the expansion of remote work).
Fourth, ~ㄴ/은/는 양상을 보이다 (shows a pattern of...) describes how trends or data are evolving or presenting themselves. 최근 소비자들은 친환경 제품에 대한 관심이 증가하는 양상을 보이고 있다 (Recently, consumers are showing a pattern of increasing interest in eco-friendly products).
Fifth, ~ㄴ/은/는 것으로 나타났다 (it was found that...) is a go-to for reporting facts or research results. This is very common in academic or news contexts. 설문조사 결과, 응답자의 70%가 만족하는 것으로 나타났다 (According to the survey, it was found that 70% of respondents were satisfied).
Finally, ~ㄴ/은/는 것으로 평가된다 (is evaluated as...) is used for professional, data-backed judgments or assessments. 이 정책은 경제 성장에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 평가된다 (This policy is evaluated as having a positive impact on economic growth).

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: 경제가 좋아지는 경향 (The economy is a tendency to get better)
✓ Correct: 경제가 좋아지는 경향이 있다 (The economy tends to get better)
*Explanation:* ~는 경향이 있다 is a complete grammatical pattern that requires the verb 있다 (to exist). Simply using 경향 as a noun makes the sentence incomplete or grammatically awkward.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 보고서가 새로운 사실을 시사해요 (The report suggests new facts [informal])
✓ Correct: 보고서는 새로운 사실을 시사한다 (The report suggests new facts [formal])
*Explanation:* While 시사해요 is grammatically correct as a polite ending, patterns like ~는 것을 시사한다 are typically used in formal, written, or academic contexts where the plain form ~다 (or ~ㅂ니다/습니다 for very formal speech) is more appropriate than ~아요/어요. Using ~다 maintains the objective, reporting tone.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 결과는 그가 옳다고 나타났다 (The result appeared that he was right)
✓ Correct: 결과는 그가 옳다는 것으로 나타났다 (The result showed that he was right)
*Explanation:* When reporting a finding about a statement or fact, ~다는 것 (that S is true) or ~ㄴ/은/는 것 (nominalizer) is crucial before ~으로 나타났다. The ~다고 structure is for direct/indirect quotation and doesn't fit the
it was found that
meaning as well as the nominalized form.

Real Conversations

A

A

최근 발표된 자료를 보니, 젊은층의 주거비 부담이 증가하는 경향이 있는 것 같아요. (Looking at the recently published data, it seems that the housing cost burden for young people tends to increase.)
B

B

네, 맞아요. 정부 통계에 따르면, 지난 5년간 주거비 지출이 꾸준히 늘어나는 것으로 나타났습니다. (Yes, that's right. According to government statistics, it was found that housing expenditure has steadily increased over the past five years.)
A

A

이번 연구 결과는 기후 변화가 농업 생산량에 미치는 영향이 크다는 것을 시사합니다. (These research results suggest that climate change has a significant impact on agricultural production.)
B

B

그렇다면, 식량 안보에 대한 새로운 대책 마련이 시급한 것으로 평가되는군요. (In that case, the urgent preparation of new measures for food security is evaluated as necessary, isn't it?)
A

A

새로운 서비스에 대한 사용자들의 반응이 어떤 양상을 보이고 있나요? (What kind of pattern are users' reactions to the new service showing?)
B

B

초기에는 다소 부정적이었지만, 최근에는 긍정적인 평가가 늘어나는 양상을 보입니다. (Initially it was somewhat negative, but recently it is showing a pattern of increasing positive evaluations.)

Quick FAQ

Q

How can I make my Korean reports sound more objective and formal?

Using patterns like ~는 것으로 보인다, ~는 것으로 나타났다, and ~는 것으로 평가된다 will significantly elevate the objectivity and formality of your reports, making them suitable for academic or professional contexts.

Q

Is ~는 경향이 있다 only for negative tendencies?

No, ~는 경향이 있다 can be used for both positive and negative tendencies. For example, «사람들이 건강에 더 신경 쓰는 경향이 있다» (People tend to pay more attention to health) is a positive tendency.

Q

Can I use these reporting trends patterns in everyday conversation?

While they are primarily formal, you can use them in casual conversations if you're discussing a general observation or a piece of information you've heard, especially when you want to sound a bit more thoughtful or informed. However, for very casual chat, simpler expressions might be more natural.

Q

What's the main difference between ~는 것으로 보인다 and ~는 것으로 나타났다?

~는 것으로 보인다 suggests an appearance or inference based on observation (it appears that), while ~는 것으로 나타났다 states a factual finding or result, often from data or research (

it was found that
). The latter implies a more conclusive discovery.

Cultural Context

These advanced Korean grammar patterns are highly prevalent in formal discourse, including news reports, academic papers, business presentations, and policy discussions. Mastering them signals a high level of linguistic proficiency and an understanding of how Koreans convey information objectively and authoritatively. While they might feel a bit stiff for everyday casual chat, their use is crucial for sounding credible and well-informed in more serious contexts.
Native speakers employ these naturally to lend weight and professionalism to their observations and analyses, making them indispensable for anyone aiming for B2 Korean fluency and beyond.

Ejemplos clave (8)

1

최근 물가가 크게 오른 것으로 보입니다.

Parece que los precios han subido significativamente recientemente.

Inferencia formal: 'Parece que' (-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 보인다)
2

이 사진은 1990년대에 찍힌 것으로 보인다.

Parece que esta foto fue tomada en la década de 1990.

Inferencia formal: 'Parece que' (-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 보인다)
3

이 수치는 경제가 회복되고 있는 것을 시사한다.

Estas cifras sugieren que la economía se está recuperando.

Sugerir implicaciones académicas (-ㄴ/은/는 것을 시사한다)
4

실험 결과는 이 가설이 틀렸음을 시사한다.

Los resultados experimentales sugieren que esta hipótesis era incorrecta.

Sugerir implicaciones académicas (-ㄴ/은/는 것을 시사한다)
5

Recently, the number of single-person households is showing a pattern of rapid increase.

Recientemente, el número de hogares de una sola persona muestra un patrón de aumento rápido.

Mostrar un patrón: Informar tendencias (-ㄴ/은/는 양상을 보이다)
6

As prices show a continuous rising pattern, the concerns of ordinary people are growing.

Como los precios muestran un patrón de subida continua, la preocupación de la gente común crece.

Mostrar un patrón: Informar tendencias (-ㄴ/은/는 양상을 보이다)
7

이번 신제품은 디자인이 매우 혁신적인 것으로 평가된다.

Este nuevo producto es evaluado como teniendo un diseño muy innovador.

Evaluación formal: 'Se evalúa como' (-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 평가된다)
8

그 배우의 연기는 완벽했던 것으로 평가된다.

La actuación de ese actor es evaluada como habiendo sido perfecta.

Evaluación formal: 'Se evalúa como' (-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 평가된다)

Consejos y trucos (4)

💡

Suavizando críticas

Usa esta gramática para quejarte educadamente. En lugar de decir 'Eres ruidoso', di 'Tiendes a ser ruidoso' para sonar más objetivo: «너는 목소리가 좀 큰 경향이 있어.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Describir Tendencias: -는 경향이 있다 (Tiende a...)
🎯

El secreto del TOPIK

Si estás escribiendo el ensayo del TOPIK II, usar esta gramática te hará sonar como un estudiante de nivel 5 o 6: «성적이 향상된 것으로 보인다.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Inferencia formal: 'Parece que' (-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 보인다)
🎯

El final de "gran cerebro" -음

En textos muy formales y avanzados, a veces verás '-음' en lugar de '-는 것'. Por ejemplo: «실패했음을 시사한다». ¡Suena aún más profesional!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Sugerir implicaciones académicas (-ㄴ/은/는 것을 시사한다)
🎯

Potencia tu escritura en el TOPIK

Si usas esta gramática en la pregunta 53 del TOPIK II (análisis de gráficos), tu puntaje subirá mucho porque suena muy académico: «그래프를 보면 수출이 늘어나는 양상을 알 수 있습니다.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Mostrar un patrón: Informar tendencias (-ㄴ/은/는 양상을 보이다)

Vocabulario clave (6)

경향 (gyeonghyang) tendency 시사하다 (sisahada) to suggest/imply 양상 (yangsang) aspect/pattern 나타나다 (natanada) to appear/emerge 평가하다 (pyeonggahada) to evaluate 조사 (josa) research/survey

Real-World Preview

briefcase

Analyzing Market Trends

Review Summary

  • Verb + 는 경향이 있다
  • Verb + 는 것으로 보인다
  • Verb + 는 것을 시사한다
  • Verb + 는 양상을 보이다
  • Verb + 는 것으로 나타났다
  • Verb + 는 것으로 평가된다

Errores comunes

Tendencies describe ongoing states, so always use the present tense stem.

Wrong: 사람들은 가는 경향이 있다 (People tend to go - using past tense stem)
Correcto: 사람들은 가는 경향이 있다 (Use present tense stem for tendency)

You must attach the noun-modifying form (는/은/ㄴ) to the preceding predicate.

Wrong: 결과가 좋다 것으로 나타났다
Correcto: 결과가 좋은 것으로 나타났다

Korean is an SOV language; the verb comes at the end.

Wrong: 그것은 시사한다 결과를
Correcto: 그것은 결과를 시사한다

Reglas en este capítulo (6)

1

Describir Tendencias: -는 경향이 있다 (Tiende a...)

B2
Usa -ㄴ/은/는 경향이 있다 para describir tendencias generales, inclinaciones o hábitos de una manera analítica. Tus herramientas clave son: «경향» (tendencia) e «있다» (existir).
Yojeum saramdeureun nyuseureul yutyubeuro boneun g...
10 ejemplos
2

Inferencia formal: 'Parece que' (-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 보인다)

B2
Usa esta estructura para sonar profesional y objetivo al reportar hechos basados en evidencia: profesional, objetivo, evidencia.
최근 물가가 크게 오른 것으로 보입니다.
10 ejemplos
3

Sugerir implicaciones académicas (-ㄴ/은/는 것을 시사한다)

B2
Usa «-ㄴ/은/는 것을 시사한다» para sugerir profesionalmente una implicación, basándote en hechos o datos observados.
이 수치는 경제가 회복되고 있는 것을 시사한다.
10 ejemplos
4

Mostrar un patrón: Informar tendencias (-ㄴ/은/는 양상을 보이다)

B2
Usa esta estructura para sonar como un analista experto al describir tendencias sociales o datos con un tono objetivo, usando palabras clave como «양상», «보이다» y «흐름».
Recently, the number of single-person households i...
10 ejemplos
5

Informar hechos: 'Se encontró que' (-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 나타났다)

B2
Usa esta estructura para reportar hallazgos y datos objetivos de forma profesional: datos oficiales, informes, TOPIK II.
It was found that coffee consumption is increasing...
8 ejemplos
6

Evaluación formal: 'Se evalúa como' (-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 평가된다)

B2
Usa este patrón para presentar juicios profesionales y basados en datos de forma objetiva en la escritura y el habla formal del coreano. Piensa en objetivamente, formal, profesional.
이번 신제품은 디자인이 매우 혁신적인 것으로 평가된...
10 ejemplos

Next Steps

You've crushed this chapter! Keep observing the world around you and describing it in Korean. You are doing amazing!

Read a news article in Korean and highlight these patterns.

Continue to: Business and Legal Formalities

Práctica rápida (10)

Rellena el espacio para decir 'Parece que el precio está subiendo' en tono formal.

가격이 점차 ____ 것으로 보인다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 오르는
Como el precio está subiendo actualmente, usamos el modificador de presente '-는' para verbos.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Inferencia formal: 'Parece que' (-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 보인다)

Rellena el espacio con la forma correcta para 'tender a dormir'.

저는 주말에 늦게 ___ 경향이 있어요. (Tiendo a dormir tarde los fines de semana.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 자는
Como 'dormir' (자다) es un verbo de acción en presente, añadimos -는.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Describir Tendencias: -는 경향이 있다 (Tiende a...)

¿Qué frase es apropiada para un reporte de noticias formal?

Elige la frase más profesional:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 많은 사람들이 매일 운동을 하는 것으로 나타났습니다.
El patrón '-는 것으로 나타났다' combinado con la terminación '-습니다' es el estándar profesional.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Informar hechos: 'Se encontró que' (-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 나타났다)

Encuentra y corrige el error en el informe formal.

Find and fix the mistake:

이 기술은 최고인 것 평가된다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 이 기술은 최고인 것으로 평가된다.
Debes incluir '으로' para conectar la frase nominalizada con el verbo '평가되다'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Evaluación formal: 'Se evalúa como' (-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 평가된다)

¿Qué frase usa correctamente la gramática en un contexto formal?

Elige la frase más natural:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 전통 시장을 찾는 사람들이 줄어드는 양상을 보입니다.
Esta gramática se usa para observaciones objetivas de tendencias, como la disminución de personas que visitan mercados tradicionales.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Mostrar un patrón: Informar tendencias (-ㄴ/은/는 양상을 보이다)

Encuentra el error en esta oración.

Find and fix the mistake:

이 증거는 그가 범인인 것 시사한다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 이 증거는 그가 범인인 것을 시사한다.
Necesitas la marca de objeto '을' después de '것' para vincularlo con el verbo '시사하다'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Sugerir implicaciones académicas (-ㄴ/은/는 것을 시사한다)

¿Qué frase dice correctamente 'Este coche tiende a ser caro'?

Elige la frase gramaticalmente correcta:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 이 차는 비싼 경향이 있어요.
비싸다 (ser caro) es un adjetivo, por lo que usa la terminación -(으)ㄴ, convirtiéndose en 비싼.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Describir Tendencias: -는 경향이 있다 (Tiende a...)

Rellena el espacio con la forma formal correcta (Tiempo Presente).

온라인 쇼핑을 이용하는 사람들이 (증가하다) ______.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 증가하는 것으로 나타났다
Para reportar una tendencia actual de forma formal, usamos el presente '-는 것으로 나타났다'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Informar hechos: 'Se encontró que' (-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 나타났다)

¿Qué oración es la más apropiada para un informe formal?

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 데이터는 온도가 올라가는 것을 시사한다.
En informes formales y trabajos académicos, la forma simple (-ㄴ다/는다) es el estándar.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Sugerir implicaciones académicas (-ㄴ/은/는 것을 시사한다)

Rellena el espacio en blanco con la forma correcta para decir 'muestra un patrón de aumento'.

최근 수출이 ____ 양상을 보이고 있다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 증가하는
Como la frase describe una tendencia actual y continua, la forma atributiva de presente -는 es la más natural.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Mostrar un patrón: Informar tendencias (-ㄴ/은/는 양상을 보이다)

Score: /10

Preguntas frecuentes (6)

¡Puede ser ambos! Depende de cómo termines la frase, pero suena un poco más intelectual: «요즘은 다들 바쁜 경향이 있어요.»
¡Claro que sí! Decir 'tiendo a quedarme dormido' es un uso perfecto: «저는 주말에 늦잠을 자는 경향이 있어요.»
No exactamente, ya que '-ㄴ 것으로 보인다' es mucho más formal y objetivo: «비가 올 것으로 보입니다.»
¡Claro! Para adjetivos debes usar la terminación '-ㄴ/은': «문제가 큰 것으로 보인다.»
Rara vez. Suena muy rígido e intelectual. Si lo usas con amigos, parecerá que estás narrando un documental. «다큐멘터리처럼 들릴 거예요.»
시사한다 es para datos/hechos objetivos que sugieren algo. 암시한다 es para pistas sutiles o alusiones literarias (como una película que insinúa un giro). «영화는 반전을 암시한다.»
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