B2 · 中上級 チャプター 3

Reporting Trends and Data

6 トータルルール
58 例文
5

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of professional data reporting and trend analysis in Korean.

  • Express general tendencies and common habits clearly.
  • Analyze data and provide professional evaluations.
  • Report findings and research conclusions with formal structures.
Speak like a pro: Data-driven Korean mastery.

学べること

Hey there, future Korean pro! Ready to dive into something super cool and surprisingly useful? In this chapter,

Reporting Trends and Data,
you're going to unlock the secrets to sounding really professional and smart when you talk about social tendencies, research, and data in Korean. Even as a beginner (A1!), you'll learn foundational phrases that make you sound like a pro. What exactly will you learn? We'll tackle six powerful grammar patterns, including: * ~는 경향이 있다 (tends to...), perfect for talking about common habits or general inclinations. * ~는 것으로 보인다 (it appears that...), so you can objectively state observations, just like a news reporter! * ~는 것을 시사한다 (suggests that...), to hint at implications from data without being overly assertive. * ~는 양상을 보이다 (shows a pattern of...), for describing how trends or data are changing. * ~는 것으로 나타났다 (it was found that...), an awesome way to report facts and research findings. * And finally, ~는 것으로 평가된다 (is evaluated as...), for giving a professional, data-backed judgment. Why does this matter? Imagine you're watching a Korean news report, reading a simple article, or even just talking to a friend about what's popular among students. These phrases will help you understand and express those ideas clearly and formally. You'll move beyond simple statements and start describing observations, findings, and even simple evaluations with confidence. By the end of this chapter, you won't just know isolated words; you'll be able to professionally describe basic trends you observe, report simple facts, and even suggest what a simple pattern might imply in everyday Korean conversations or when reading basic texts. It might sound complex now, but trust me, we'll break it down so it's super easy and fun. You totally got this!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Synthesize research findings into a coherent report using all six grammar patterns.

チャプターガイド

Overview

Hey there, future Korean pro! Welcome to
Reporting Trends and Data,
a pivotal chapter designed to elevate your Korean grammar B2 skills. In this section, you're not just learning new phrases; you're unlocking the ability to articulate observations, research findings, and professional evaluations with the sophistication of a native speaker.
This module is essential for anyone aiming to understand or contribute to discussions on social tendencies, academic research, or statistical reports in Korean. Mastering these patterns will significantly enhance your reading comprehension of news articles and academic papers, and empower you to express nuanced ideas in formal settings.
These advanced Korean sentence structures move you beyond basic statements, allowing you to describe phenomena and draw conclusions with greater precision. Whether you're presenting data, discussing societal shifts, or simply explaining why something is happening, these grammatical tools provide the framework for clear, objective, and impactful communication. Embrace these patterns, and you'll find yourself not only sounding more professional but also thinking more critically in Korean, truly solidifying your B2 Korean proficiency.

How This Grammar Works

This chapter introduces six powerful Korean grammar patterns that are indispensable for reporting trends and data. Let's break them down:
First, ~는 경향이 있다 (tends to...) is used to express general tendencies or inclinations. It attaches to verb or adjective stems. For example: 젊은 세대는 온라인 쇼핑을 선호하는 경향이 있다 (The younger generation tends to prefer online shopping).
Next, ~ㄴ/은/는 것으로 보인다 (it appears that...) allows you to state objective observations or inferences. It's often used when presenting findings. For example: 물가 상승률이 둔화되는 것으로 보인다 (It appears that the inflation rate is slowing down).
The form depends on the verb/adjective and tense (e.g., ~은 것 for past, ~는 것 for present verbs, ~ㄴ 것 for present adjectives).
Third, ~ㄴ/은/는 것을 시사한다 (suggests that...) is perfect for hinting at implications or interpretations from data without being overly assertive. 코로나19는 재택근무의 확대를 시사한다 (COVID-19 suggests the expansion of remote work).
Fourth, ~ㄴ/은/는 양상을 보이다 (shows a pattern of...) describes how trends or data are evolving or presenting themselves. 최근 소비자들은 친환경 제품에 대한 관심이 증가하는 양상을 보이고 있다 (Recently, consumers are showing a pattern of increasing interest in eco-friendly products).
Fifth, ~ㄴ/은/는 것으로 나타났다 (it was found that...) is a go-to for reporting facts or research results. This is very common in academic or news contexts. 설문조사 결과, 응답자의 70%가 만족하는 것으로 나타났다 (According to the survey, it was found that 70% of respondents were satisfied).
Finally, ~ㄴ/은/는 것으로 평가된다 (is evaluated as...) is used for professional, data-backed judgments or assessments. 이 정책은 경제 성장에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 평가된다 (This policy is evaluated as having a positive impact on economic growth).

Common Mistakes

  1. 1Wrong: 경제가 좋아지는 경향 (The economy is a tendency to get better)
Correct: 경제가 좋아지는 경향이 있다 (The economy tends to get better)
*Explanation:* ~는 경향이 있다 is a complete grammatical pattern that requires the verb 있다 (to exist). Simply using 경향 as a noun makes the sentence incomplete or grammatically awkward.
  1. 1Wrong: 보고서가 새로운 사실을 시사해요 (The report suggests new facts [informal])
Correct: 보고서는 새로운 사실을 시사한다 (The report suggests new facts [formal])
*Explanation:* While 시사해요 is grammatically correct as a polite ending, patterns like ~는 것을 시사한다 are typically used in formal, written, or academic contexts where the plain form ~다 (or ~ㅂ니다/습니다 for very formal speech) is more appropriate than ~아요/어요. Using ~다 maintains the objective, reporting tone.
  1. 1Wrong: 결과는 그가 옳다고 나타났다 (The result appeared that he was right)
Correct: 결과는 그가 옳다는 것으로 나타났다 (The result showed that he was right)
*Explanation:* When reporting a finding about a statement or fact, ~다는 것 (that S is true) or ~ㄴ/은/는 것 (nominalizer) is crucial before ~으로 나타났다. The ~다고 structure is for direct/indirect quotation and doesn't fit the
it was found that
meaning as well as the nominalized form.

Real Conversations

A

A

최근 발표된 자료를 보니, 젊은층의 주거비 부담이 증가하는 경향이 있는 것 같아요. (Looking at the recently published data, it seems that the housing cost burden for young people tends to increase.)
B

B

네, 맞아요. 정부 통계에 따르면, 지난 5년간 주거비 지출이 꾸준히 늘어나는 것으로 나타났습니다. (Yes, that's right. According to government statistics, it was found that housing expenditure has steadily increased over the past five years.)
A

A

이번 연구 결과는 기후 변화가 농업 생산량에 미치는 영향이 크다는 것을 시사합니다. (These research results suggest that climate change has a significant impact on agricultural production.)
B

B

그렇다면, 식량 안보에 대한 새로운 대책 마련이 시급한 것으로 평가되는군요. (In that case, the urgent preparation of new measures for food security is evaluated as necessary, isn't it?)
A

A

새로운 서비스에 대한 사용자들의 반응이 어떤 양상을 보이고 있나요? (What kind of pattern are users' reactions to the new service showing?)
B

B

초기에는 다소 부정적이었지만, 최근에는 긍정적인 평가가 늘어나는 양상을 보입니다. (Initially it was somewhat negative, but recently it is showing a pattern of increasing positive evaluations.)

Quick FAQ

Q

How can I make my Korean reports sound more objective and formal?

Using patterns like ~는 것으로 보인다, ~는 것으로 나타났다, and ~는 것으로 평가된다 will significantly elevate the objectivity and formality of your reports, making them suitable for academic or professional contexts.

Q

Is ~는 경향이 있다 only for negative tendencies?

No, ~는 경향이 있다 can be used for both positive and negative tendencies. For example, «사람들이 건강에 더 신경 쓰는 경향이 있다» (People tend to pay more attention to health) is a positive tendency.

Q

Can I use these reporting trends patterns in everyday conversation?

While they are primarily formal, you can use them in casual conversations if you're discussing a general observation or a piece of information you've heard, especially when you want to sound a bit more thoughtful or informed. However, for very casual chat, simpler expressions might be more natural.

Q

What's the main difference between ~는 것으로 보인다 and ~는 것으로 나타났다?

~는 것으로 보인다 suggests an appearance or inference based on observation (it appears that), while ~는 것으로 나타났다 states a factual finding or result, often from data or research (

it was found that
). The latter implies a more conclusive discovery.

Cultural Context

These advanced Korean grammar patterns are highly prevalent in formal discourse, including news reports, academic papers, business presentations, and policy discussions. Mastering them signals a high level of linguistic proficiency and an understanding of how Koreans convey information objectively and authoritatively. While they might feel a bit stiff for everyday casual chat, their use is crucial for sounding credible and well-informed in more serious contexts.
Native speakers employ these naturally to lend weight and professionalism to their observations and analyses, making them indispensable for anyone aiming for B2 Korean fluency and beyond.

重要な例文 (8)

1

Yojeum saramdeureun nyuseureul yutyubeuro boneun gyeonghyangi isseoyo.

最近の人たちはニュースをYouTubeで見る傾向があります。

傾向を伝える: -는 경향이 있다 (~する傾向がある)
2

Jeoneun seuteureseureul badeumyeon maeun eumsigeul meongneun gyeonghyangi isseoyo.

私はストレスが溜まると辛いものを食べる傾向があります。

傾向を伝える: -는 경향이 있다 (~する傾向がある)
3

최근 물가가 크게 오른 것으로 보입니다.

最近、物価が大幅に上がったものと見られます。

公式な推論:「〜するものと見られる」(-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 보인다)
4

이 사진은 1990년대에 찍힌 것으로 보인다.

この写真は1990年代に撮られたものと見られる。

公式な推論:「〜するものと見られる」(-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 보인다)
5

이 수치는 경제가 회복되고 있는 것을 시사한다.

これらの数値は経済が回復していることを示唆している。

学術的な示唆を与える (-ㄴ/은/는 것을 시사한다)
6

실험 결과는 이 가설이 틀렸음을 시사한다.

実験結果はこの仮説が間違っていたことを示唆している。

学術的な示唆を与える (-ㄴ/은/는 것을 시사한다)
7

It was found that coffee consumption is increasing among people in their 20s.

最近、20代の間でコーヒーの消費が増加していることがわかった。

事実の報告:「〜であることが判明した」 (-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 나타났다)
8

The survey results showed that 70% of respondents were in favor.

今回のアンケート調査の結果、回答者の70%が賛成したことがわかった。

事実の報告:「〜であることが判明した」 (-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 나타났다)

ヒントとコツ (4)

💡

やんわりと指摘する

相手に直接「うるさいですよ」と言うのではなく、客観的な傾向として伝えると角が立ちません。 «목소리가 좀 큰 경향이 있어요.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 傾向を伝える: -는 경향이 있다 (~する傾向がある)
🎯

TOPIK合格の秘訣

TOPIK IIの書き取り(53番や54番)でこの文法を使うと、一気に高級レベルの文章に見えるよ。 «매출이 증가한 것으로 보인다.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 公式な推論:「〜するものと見られる」(-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 보인다)
🎯

さらにスマートに!「-음」語尾

非常にレベルの高い論文や記事では、「-는 것」の代わりに「-음」を使ってより短く表現します。例えば「失敗したことを示す」なら、 «실패했음을 시사한다» と言うとさらにプロっぽくなりますよ!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 学術的な示唆を与える (-ㄴ/은/는 것을 시사한다)
🎯

TOPIK作文のスコアアップに!

TOPIK IIの53番(グラフ問題)でこの文法を使うと、一気にアカデミックな印象になり、高得点が狙えますよ。 «수출이 점차 회복되는 양상을 보이고 있습니다.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: パターンの提示:トレンドの報告 (-ㄴ/은/는 양상을 보이다)

重要な語彙 (6)

경향 (gyeonghyang) tendency 시사하다 (sisahada) to suggest/imply 양상 (yangsang) aspect/pattern 나타나다 (natanada) to appear/emerge 평가하다 (pyeonggahada) to evaluate 조사 (josa) research/survey

Real-World Preview

briefcase

Analyzing Market Trends

Review Summary

  • Verb + 는 경향이 있다
  • Verb + 는 것으로 보인다
  • Verb + 는 것을 시사한다
  • Verb + 는 양상을 보이다
  • Verb + 는 것으로 나타났다
  • Verb + 는 것으로 평가된다

よくある間違い

Tendencies describe ongoing states, so always use the present tense stem.

Wrong: 사람들은 가는 경향이 있다 (People tend to go - using past tense stem)
正解: 사람들은 가는 경향이 있다 (Use present tense stem for tendency)

You must attach the noun-modifying form (는/은/ㄴ) to the preceding predicate.

Wrong: 결과가 좋다 것으로 나타났다
正解: 결과가 좋은 것으로 나타났다

Korean is an SOV language; the verb comes at the end.

Wrong: 그것은 시사한다 결과를
正解: 그것은 결과를 시사한다

このチャプターのルール (6)

Next Steps

You've crushed this chapter! Keep observing the world around you and describing it in Korean. You are doing amazing!

Read a news article in Korean and highlight these patterns.

クイック練習 (10)

次の報告文の間違いを直してください。

조사 결과, 만족도가 높은 것 나타났다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 조사 결과, 만족도가 높은 것으로 나타났다.
この文法では助詞 '으로' を省略することはできません。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 事実の報告:「〜であることが判明した」 (-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 나타났다)

「遅く寝る傾向があります」となるように、適切な形を埋めてください。

저는 주말에 늦게 ___ 경향이 있어요. (I tend to sleep late on weekends.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 자는
「寝る(자다)」は動詞の現在形なので、語尾に「-는」をつけます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 傾向を伝える: -는 경향이 있다 (~する傾向がある)

「増加する様相を見せている」という文を完成させるために、空欄を埋めてください。

최근 수출이 ____ 양상을 보이고 있다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 증가하는
現在進行中のトレンドを説明しているので、動詞の現在連体形 -는 を使うのが最も自然です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: パターンの提示:トレンドの報告 (-ㄴ/은/는 양상을 보이다)

「価格が徐々に上がっているようだ」とフォーマルに言うために、空欄を埋めてください。

가격이 점차 ____ 것으로 보인다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 오르는
現在進行中の変化を表すので、動詞の現在連体形「-는」を使います。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 公式な推論:「〜するものと見られる」(-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 보인다)

フォーマルなレポートの中の間違いを見つけて直してください。

Find and fix the mistake:

이 기술은 최고인 것 평가된다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 이 기술은 최고인 것으로 평가된다.
名詞化されたフレーズを動詞 '평가되다' に繋げるには、助詞 '으로' が不可欠です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 公式な評価:「〜と評価される」 (-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 평가된다)

フォーマルな文脈で最も適切な文を選んでください。

最も自然な文を選んでください:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 전통 시장을 찾는 사람들이 줄어드는 양상을 보입니다.
この文法は、伝統市場を訪れる人の減少といった客観的な社会トレンドの観察に使われます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: パターンの提示:トレンドの報告 (-ㄴ/은/는 양상을 보이다)

活用ミスを見つけて修正してください。

Find and fix the mistake:

그는 말이 많는 경향이 있다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 그는 말이 많은 경향이 있다.
「多い(많다)」は形容詞です。パッチムがある形容詞には「-은」をつけるのが正解です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 傾向を伝える: -는 경향이 있다 (~する傾向がある)

現在形を使って、進行中のトレンドを報告する文を完成させてください。

온라인 쇼핑을 이용하는 사람들이 (증가하다) ______.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 증가하는 것으로 나타났다
現在進行中のトレンドをフォーマルに報告するには、現在連体形の '-는 것으로 나타났다' を使います。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 事実の報告:「〜であることが判明した」 (-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 나타났다)

次の文の中の間違いを見つけてください。

이 증거는 그가 범인인 것 시사한다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 이 증거는 그가 범인인 것을 시사한다.
「시사하다」という動詞につなげるためには、名詞節「こと(것)」の後に目的格助詞の「を(을)」が必要です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 学術的な示唆を与える (-ㄴ/은/는 것을 시사한다)

フォーマルなレポートに最もふさわしい文を選んでください。

最も適切な文を選んでください:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 데이터는 온도가 올라가는 것을 시사한다.
レポートや学術論文では、丁寧語(〜です)ではなく、断定的な「-ㄴ다/는다」の形を使うのが標準です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 学術的な示唆を与える (-ㄴ/은/는 것을 시사한다)

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

どちらでも使えます!文末を「-아/어요」にするか「-습니다」にするかで調整できます。ただ、表現自体が少し知的で分析的なニュアンスを持っています。 «그런 경향이 있어요.»
はい、もちろんです。「寝坊しがちです」のように自分の癖を客観的に言うのにぴったりです。 «저는 늦잠을 자는 경향이 있어요.»
どちらも「〜のようだ」と訳せますが、「-ㄴ 것으로 보인다」の方がずっとフォーマルで客観的です。データやニュースなど、確かな証拠がある時に使います。 «결과가 좋은 것으로 보입니다.»
はい!形容詞の場合は「-ㄴ/은 것으로 보인다」を使います。例えば、 «문제가 큰 것으로 보인다»(問題が大きいように見える)のように使えますよ。
いいえ、滅多に使いません。友達との会話で使うと、まるでドキュメンタリーのナレーターのような大げさな響きになってしまいますよ。 «이것은 배고픈 것을 시사한다.» と言うと不自然です。
'시사한다' はデータや事実に基づいた客観的な示唆です。一方、 '암시한다' は映画の伏線や文学的な比喩など、もっと控えめで主観的な「暗示」に使われます。 «영화가 결말을 암시한다.»