B2 · Intermédiaire supérieur Chapitre 3

Reporting Trends and Data

6 Règles totales
58 exemples
5 min
Règles dans ce chapitre Pratique rapide

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of professional data reporting and trend analysis in Korean.

  • Express general tendencies and common habits clearly.
  • Analyze data and provide professional evaluations.
  • Report findings and research conclusions with formal structures.
Speak like a pro: Data-driven Korean mastery.

Ce que tu vas apprendre

Hey there, future Korean pro! Ready to dive into something super cool and surprisingly useful? In this chapter,

Reporting Trends and Data,
you're going to unlock the secrets to sounding really professional and smart when you talk about social tendencies, research, and data in Korean. Even as a beginner (A1!), you'll learn foundational phrases that make you sound like a pro. What exactly will you learn? We'll tackle six powerful grammar patterns, including: * ~는 경향이 있다 (tends to...), perfect for talking about common habits or general inclinations. * ~는 것으로 보인다 (it appears that...), so you can objectively state observations, just like a news reporter! * ~는 것을 시사한다 (suggests that...), to hint at implications from data without being overly assertive. * ~는 양상을 보이다 (shows a pattern of...), for describing how trends or data are changing. * ~는 것으로 나타났다 (it was found that...), an awesome way to report facts and research findings. * And finally, ~는 것으로 평가된다 (is evaluated as...), for giving a professional, data-backed judgment. Why does this matter? Imagine you're watching a Korean news report, reading a simple article, or even just talking to a friend about what's popular among students. These phrases will help you understand and express those ideas clearly and formally. You'll move beyond simple statements and start describing observations, findings, and even simple evaluations with confidence. By the end of this chapter, you won't just know isolated words; you'll be able to professionally describe basic trends you observe, report simple facts, and even suggest what a simple pattern might imply in everyday Korean conversations or when reading basic texts. It might sound complex now, but trust me, we'll break it down so it's super easy and fun. You totally got this!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Synthesize research findings into a coherent report using all six grammar patterns.

Guide du chapitre

Overview

Hey there, future Korean pro! Welcome to
Reporting Trends and Data,
a pivotal chapter designed to elevate your Korean grammar B2 skills. In this section, you're not just learning new phrases; you're unlocking the ability to articulate observations, research findings, and professional evaluations with the sophistication of a native speaker.
This module is essential for anyone aiming to understand or contribute to discussions on social tendencies, academic research, or statistical reports in Korean. Mastering these patterns will significantly enhance your reading comprehension of news articles and academic papers, and empower you to express nuanced ideas in formal settings.
These advanced Korean sentence structures move you beyond basic statements, allowing you to describe phenomena and draw conclusions with greater precision. Whether you're presenting data, discussing societal shifts, or simply explaining why something is happening, these grammatical tools provide the framework for clear, objective, and impactful communication. Embrace these patterns, and you'll find yourself not only sounding more professional but also thinking more critically in Korean, truly solidifying your B2 Korean proficiency.

How This Grammar Works

This chapter introduces six powerful Korean grammar patterns that are indispensable for reporting trends and data. Let's break them down:
First, ~는 경향이 있다 (tends to...) is used to express general tendencies or inclinations. It attaches to verb or adjective stems. For example: 젊은 세대는 온라인 쇼핑을 선호하는 경향이 있다 (The younger generation tends to prefer online shopping).
Next, ~ㄴ/은/는 것으로 보인다 (it appears that...) allows you to state objective observations or inferences. It's often used when presenting findings. For example: 물가 상승률이 둔화되는 것으로 보인다 (It appears that the inflation rate is slowing down).
The form depends on the verb/adjective and tense (e.g., ~은 것 for past, ~는 것 for present verbs, ~ㄴ 것 for present adjectives).
Third, ~ㄴ/은/는 것을 시사한다 (suggests that...) is perfect for hinting at implications or interpretations from data without being overly assertive. 코로나19는 재택근무의 확대를 시사한다 (COVID-19 suggests the expansion of remote work).
Fourth, ~ㄴ/은/는 양상을 보이다 (shows a pattern of...) describes how trends or data are evolving or presenting themselves. 최근 소비자들은 친환경 제품에 대한 관심이 증가하는 양상을 보이고 있다 (Recently, consumers are showing a pattern of increasing interest in eco-friendly products).
Fifth, ~ㄴ/은/는 것으로 나타났다 (it was found that...) is a go-to for reporting facts or research results. This is very common in academic or news contexts. 설문조사 결과, 응답자의 70%가 만족하는 것으로 나타났다 (According to the survey, it was found that 70% of respondents were satisfied).
Finally, ~ㄴ/은/는 것으로 평가된다 (is evaluated as...) is used for professional, data-backed judgments or assessments. 이 정책은 경제 성장에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 평가된다 (This policy is evaluated as having a positive impact on economic growth).

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: 경제가 좋아지는 경향 (The economy is a tendency to get better)
✓ Correct: 경제가 좋아지는 경향이 있다 (The economy tends to get better)
*Explanation:* ~는 경향이 있다 is a complete grammatical pattern that requires the verb 있다 (to exist). Simply using 경향 as a noun makes the sentence incomplete or grammatically awkward.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 보고서가 새로운 사실을 시사해요 (The report suggests new facts [informal])
✓ Correct: 보고서는 새로운 사실을 시사한다 (The report suggests new facts [formal])
*Explanation:* While 시사해요 is grammatically correct as a polite ending, patterns like ~는 것을 시사한다 are typically used in formal, written, or academic contexts where the plain form ~다 (or ~ㅂ니다/습니다 for very formal speech) is more appropriate than ~아요/어요. Using ~다 maintains the objective, reporting tone.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 결과는 그가 옳다고 나타났다 (The result appeared that he was right)
✓ Correct: 결과는 그가 옳다는 것으로 나타났다 (The result showed that he was right)
*Explanation:* When reporting a finding about a statement or fact, ~다는 것 (that S is true) or ~ㄴ/은/는 것 (nominalizer) is crucial before ~으로 나타났다. The ~다고 structure is for direct/indirect quotation and doesn't fit the
it was found that
meaning as well as the nominalized form.

Real Conversations

A

A

최근 발표된 자료를 보니, 젊은층의 주거비 부담이 증가하는 경향이 있는 것 같아요. (Looking at the recently published data, it seems that the housing cost burden for young people tends to increase.)
B

B

네, 맞아요. 정부 통계에 따르면, 지난 5년간 주거비 지출이 꾸준히 늘어나는 것으로 나타났습니다. (Yes, that's right. According to government statistics, it was found that housing expenditure has steadily increased over the past five years.)
A

A

이번 연구 결과는 기후 변화가 농업 생산량에 미치는 영향이 크다는 것을 시사합니다. (These research results suggest that climate change has a significant impact on agricultural production.)
B

B

그렇다면, 식량 안보에 대한 새로운 대책 마련이 시급한 것으로 평가되는군요. (In that case, the urgent preparation of new measures for food security is evaluated as necessary, isn't it?)
A

A

새로운 서비스에 대한 사용자들의 반응이 어떤 양상을 보이고 있나요? (What kind of pattern are users' reactions to the new service showing?)
B

B

초기에는 다소 부정적이었지만, 최근에는 긍정적인 평가가 늘어나는 양상을 보입니다. (Initially it was somewhat negative, but recently it is showing a pattern of increasing positive evaluations.)

Quick FAQ

Q

How can I make my Korean reports sound more objective and formal?

Using patterns like ~는 것으로 보인다, ~는 것으로 나타났다, and ~는 것으로 평가된다 will significantly elevate the objectivity and formality of your reports, making them suitable for academic or professional contexts.

Q

Is ~는 경향이 있다 only for negative tendencies?

No, ~는 경향이 있다 can be used for both positive and negative tendencies. For example, «사람들이 건강에 더 신경 쓰는 경향이 있다» (People tend to pay more attention to health) is a positive tendency.

Q

Can I use these reporting trends patterns in everyday conversation?

While they are primarily formal, you can use them in casual conversations if you're discussing a general observation or a piece of information you've heard, especially when you want to sound a bit more thoughtful or informed. However, for very casual chat, simpler expressions might be more natural.

Q

What's the main difference between ~는 것으로 보인다 and ~는 것으로 나타났다?

~는 것으로 보인다 suggests an appearance or inference based on observation (it appears that), while ~는 것으로 나타났다 states a factual finding or result, often from data or research (

it was found that
). The latter implies a more conclusive discovery.

Cultural Context

These advanced Korean grammar patterns are highly prevalent in formal discourse, including news reports, academic papers, business presentations, and policy discussions. Mastering them signals a high level of linguistic proficiency and an understanding of how Koreans convey information objectively and authoritatively. While they might feel a bit stiff for everyday casual chat, their use is crucial for sounding credible and well-informed in more serious contexts.
Native speakers employ these naturally to lend weight and professionalism to their observations and analyses, making them indispensable for anyone aiming for B2 Korean fluency and beyond.

Exemples clés (6)

1

이 수치는 경제가 회복되고 있는 것을 시사한다.

Ces chiffres suggèrent que l'économie est en train de se redresser.

Suggérer des implications académiques (-ㄴ/은/는 것을 시사한다)
2

실험 결과는 이 가설이 틀렸음을 시사한다.

Les résultats de l'expérience suggèrent que cette hypothèse était fausse.

Suggérer des implications académiques (-ㄴ/은/는 것을 시사한다)
3

Recently, the number of single-person households is showing a pattern of rapid increase.

Récemment, le nombre de foyers d'une seule personne montre une tendance à l'augmentation rapide.

Montrer un schéma : Rapporter des tendances (-ㄴ/은/는 양상을 보이다)
4

As prices show a continuous rising pattern, the concerns of ordinary people are growing.

Comme les prix montrent une tendance continue à la hausse, l'inquiétude des citoyens grandit.

Montrer un schéma : Rapporter des tendances (-ㄴ/은/는 양상을 보이다)
5

It was found that coffee consumption is increasing among people in their 20s.

Il a été constaté que la consommation de café augmente chez les jeunes de 20 ans.

Rapporter des faits : 'Il a été constaté que' (-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 나타났다)
6

The survey results showed that 70% of respondents were in favor.

Les résultats du sondage montrent que 70 % des répondants étaient favorables.

Rapporter des faits : 'Il a été constaté que' (-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 나타났다)

Conseils et astuces (4)

💡

Adoucir une critique

Utilise cette grammaire pour te plaindre poliment. Au lieu de dire 'Tu es bruyant', dire que quelqu'un 'a tendance à' être bruyant sonne plus objectif : «그 친구는 약속 시간에 늦는 경향이 있어.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Décrire les tendances : -는 경향이 있다 (Avoir tendance à...)
🎯

Le secret du TOPIK

Si tu rédiges l'essai du TOPIK II, cette grammaire te fera instantanément passer pour un élève de niveau 5 ou 6 : «결과가 긍정적인 것으로 보인다.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Inférence formelle : 'Il semble que' (-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 보인다)
🎯

Le suffixe '-음' pour les pros

Dans les articles de très haut niveau, on remplace souvent '-는 것' par '-음'. Par exemple : «실패했음을 시사한다». Ça fait tout de suite plus expert !
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Suggérer des implications académiques (-ㄴ/은/는 것을 시사한다)
🎯

Boost ton score au TOPIK

Utiliser cette grammaire dans la question 53 du TOPIK II (analyse de graphique) va direct impressionner les correcteurs : «그래프를 보면 수출이 증가하는 양상을 보입니다.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Montrer un schéma : Rapporter des tendances (-ㄴ/은/는 양상을 보이다)

Vocabulaire clé (6)

경향 (gyeonghyang) tendency 시사하다 (sisahada) to suggest/imply 양상 (yangsang) aspect/pattern 나타나다 (natanada) to appear/emerge 평가하다 (pyeonggahada) to evaluate 조사 (josa) research/survey

Real-World Preview

briefcase

Analyzing Market Trends

Review Summary

  • Verb + 는 경향이 있다
  • Verb + 는 것으로 보인다
  • Verb + 는 것을 시사한다
  • Verb + 는 양상을 보이다
  • Verb + 는 것으로 나타났다
  • Verb + 는 것으로 평가된다

Erreurs courantes

Tendencies describe ongoing states, so always use the present tense stem.

Wrong: 사람들은 가는 경향이 있다 (People tend to go - using past tense stem)
Correct: 사람들은 가는 경향이 있다 (Use present tense stem for tendency)

You must attach the noun-modifying form (는/은/ㄴ) to the preceding predicate.

Wrong: 결과가 좋다 것으로 나타났다
Correct: 결과가 좋은 것으로 나타났다

Korean is an SOV language; the verb comes at the end.

Wrong: 그것은 시사한다 결과를
Correct: 그것은 결과를 시사한다

Règles dans ce chapitre (6)

1

Décrire les tendances : -는 경향이 있다 (Avoir tendance à...)

B2
Utilise cette structure pour analyser des faits ou des comportements de manière objective avec des mots-clés comme
tendance générale
, habitude ou analyse.
Yojeum saramdeureun nyuseureul yutyubeuro boneun g...
10 exemples
2

Inférence formelle : 'Il semble que' (-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 보인다)

B2
Utilise cette structure pour paraître objectif et pro quand tu fais des observations basées sur des preuves. Tes mots clés : Objectivité, Professionnel, Preuves.
최근 물가가 크게 오른 것으로 보입니다.
10 exemples
3

Suggérer des implications académiques (-ㄴ/은/는 것을 시사한다)

B2
Utilise -ㄴ/은/는 것을 시사한다 pour suggérer une implication professionnelle basée sur des faits observés. C'est l'outil parfait pour «시사한다», «것을», et «음».
이 수치는 경제가 회복되고 있는 것을 시사한다.
10 exemples
4

Montrer un schéma : Rapporter des tendances (-ㄴ/은/는 양상을 보이다)

B2
Utilise cette structure pour décrire des tendances sociales ou des données avec un ton pro et analytique. Tes mots-clés : «양상», «보이다», «패턴».
Recently, the number of single-person households i...
10 exemples
5

Rapporter des faits : 'Il a été constaté que' (-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 나타났다)

B2
C'est ta structure préférée pour rapporter des faits et des données de manière pro et objective. Utilise «-는 것으로» pour le présent, «-ㄴ/은 것으로» pour le passé et «인 것으로» pour les noms.
It was found that coffee consumption is increasing...
8 exemples
6

Évaluation formelle : 'Est évalué comme' (-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 평가된다)

B2
Utilise cette structure pour présenter des jugements professionnels basés sur des faits. Tes outils clés : «평가된다» pour l'objectivité et «것으로» pour la structure.
이번 신제품은 디자인이 매우 혁신적인 것으로 평가된...
10 exemples

Next Steps

You've crushed this chapter! Keep observing the world around you and describing it in Korean. You are doing amazing!

Read a news article in Korean and highlight these patterns.

Continue to: Business and Legal Formalities

Pratique rapide (10)

Trouve l'erreur dans cette prédiction : 'Il semble que ce sera difficile.'

상황이 어려울 것으로 보여.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 상황이 어려울 것으로 보입니다.
'-보여' est trop familier pour ce motif formel. Il faut utiliser '-보입니다' ou '-보인다'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Inférence formelle : 'Il semble que' (-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 보인다)

Complète la phrase pour dire 'Il semble que le prix augmente' sur un ton formel.

가격이 점차 ____ 것으로 보인다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 오르는
Comme le prix augmente actuellement, on utilise le modificateur du présent '-는' pour les verbes.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Inférence formelle : 'Il semble que' (-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 보인다)

Trouve l'erreur dans cette phrase.

이 증거는 그가 범인인 것 시사한다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 이 증거는 그가 범인인 것을 시사한다.
Tu as besoin du marqueur d'objet '을' après '것' pour le lier au verbe '시사하다'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Suggérer des implications académiques (-ㄴ/은/는 것을 시사한다)

Quelle phrase dit correctement 'Cette voiture a tendance à être chère' ?

Choisis la phrase grammaticalement correcte :

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 이 차는 비싼 경향이 있어요.
비싸다 (être cher) est un adjectif, donc on utilise la terminaison -(으)ㄴ, ce qui donne 비싼.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Décrire les tendances : -는 경향이 있다 (Avoir tendance à...)

Complète la phrase avec la forme correcte pour 'avoir tendance à dormir'.

저는 주말에 늦게 ___ 경향이 있어요. (J'ai tendance à dormir tard le week-end.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 자는
Comme 'dormir' (자다) est un verbe d'action au présent, on ajoute -는.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Décrire les tendances : -는 경향이 있다 (Avoir tendance à...)

Complète la phrase avec la forme formelle correcte (Présent).

온라인 쇼핑을 이용하는 사람들이 (증가하다) ______.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 증가하는 것으로 나타났다
Pour rapporter une tendance actuelle de manière formelle, on utilise le présent '-는 것으로 나타났다'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Rapporter des faits : 'Il a été constaté que' (-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 나타났다)

Trouve et corrige l'erreur dans ce rapport formel.

이 기술은 최고인 것 평가된다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 이 기술은 최고인 것으로 평가된다.
Tu dois inclure '으로' pour lier la phrase nominalisée au verbe '평가되다'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Évaluation formelle : 'Est évalué comme' (-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 평가된다)

Complète la phrase pour dire que le résultat est évalué comme un succès.

이번 실험 결과는 아주 ______ 것으로 평가된다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 성공한
Comme l'expérience est terminée, le modificateur au passé '성공한' est le plus approprié.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Évaluation formelle : 'Est évalué comme' (-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 평가된다)

Trouve l'erreur dans la conjugaison.

그는 말이 많는 경향이 있다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 그는 말이 많은 경향이 있다.
많다 (être nombreux/beaucoup) est un adjectif. Les adjectifs finissant par une consonne prennent -은, pas -는. Donc c'est 많은.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Décrire les tendances : -는 경향이 있다 (Avoir tendance à...)

Quelle phrase est la plus pro pour un journal télévisé ?

Choisis la phrase la plus formelle :

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 경제가 좋아지는 것으로 평가된다.
'-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 평가된다' est le standard pour un reportage objectif et formel.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Évaluation formelle : 'Est évalué comme' (-ㄴ/은/는 것으로 평가된다)

Score: /10

Questions fréquentes (6)

Ça dépend de la fin de ta phrase (-아/어요 ou -습니다), mais l'expression elle-même sonne un peu intellectuelle et analytique. «경향이 있어요» est parfait pour le quotidien.
Absolument ! Dire "J'ai tendance à trop dormir
est un usage parfait :
저는 잠을 많이 자는 경향이 있어요."
Pas tout à fait. Bien que les deux signifient 'il semble', notre forme est bien plus formelle et objective. Tu l'utilises quand tu as des preuves tangibles : «데이터가 정확한 것으로 보인다.»
Oui ! Pour les adjectifs, on utilise '-ㄴ/은 것으로 보인다'. Par exemple : «문제가 큰 것으로 보인다» (Le problème semble être de taille).
Rarement. Ça sonne très rigide et intellectuel. Si tu l'utilises avec tes amis, tu auras l'air de narrer un documentaire, par exemple : «네가 웃는 것은 기분이 좋은 것을 시사한다».
시사한다 s'utilise pour des données ou faits objectifs suggérant quelque chose. 암시한다 est pour des indices subtils ou des allusions littéraires, comme : «영화가 반전을 암시한다».
Chapitre précédent
Formal Logic and Causation
Chapitre suivant
Business and Legal Formalities
Retour à la feuille de route