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B2 adjective 9 دقیقه مطالعه

ανέπαφος

not touched or damaged

At the A1 level, the word 'ανέπαφος' (an-é-pa-fos) is introduced primarily through the lens of daily survival and basic technology. You will see it most often on signs in shops or on credit card machines. It essentially means 'no touch'. For a beginner, the most important thing to learn is that 'ανέπαφα' (an-é-pa-fa) is the magic word for paying with your card without putting it in the machine. Imagine you are at a bakery in Athens. The baker says 'Ανέπαφα;' and you nod and tap your card. This is the most practical application. Grammatically, you just need to know that it's an adjective that changes its ending: -ος for boys/masculine things, -η for girls/feminine things, and -ο for objects/neuter things. However, at this level, you mostly use the adverb 'ανέπαφα' for payments. Think of it as 'contact-less'. It's a compound word: 'α' (not) + 'επαφή' (touch). If you remember 'επαφή' means 'contact', 'ανέπαφος' becomes easy to recognize. You might also hear it when someone tells you not to touch a fragile object in a museum, though 'μην αγγίζετε' (don't touch) is more common there. Focus on the 'contactless payment' meaning first, as it's the one you'll use every day.
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At the A2 level, you begin to expand the use of 'ανέπαφος' beyond just credit cards. You start using it to describe objects that are 'intact' or 'untouched'. For example, if there was a big storm but your car is fine, you could say 'Το αυτοκίνητο είναι ανέπαφο' (The car is untouched/intact). You are learning to use it as a standard adjective that agrees with the noun it describes. You should practice the three basic forms: 'ο ανέπαφος τάφος' (the untouched tomb), 'η ανέπαφη φύση' (the untouched nature), and 'το ανέπαφο σπίτι' (the untouched house). You are also becoming more aware of the adverb 'ανέπαφα' in sentences like 'Πληρώνω ανέπαφα' (I pay contactlessly). At this level, you can also understand simple signs in airports or public transport that mention 'ανέπαφες τεχνολογίες' (contactless technologies). You are moving from just recognizing the word to using it to describe the condition of things around you. It's a useful word for describing safety and preservation in a simple way.
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At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'ανέπαφος' in a variety of contexts, including more abstract ones. You understand that it doesn't just mean 'no physical touch' but also 'undamaged by an event'. You can use it to describe a situation where someone survived a difficult time without being affected: 'Έμεινε ανέπαφος από την κρίση' (He remained untouched by the crisis). You are also learning to pair it with specific verbs like 'παραμένω' (remain) or 'διατηρώ' (maintain). For example, 'Πρέπει να διατηρήσουμε την περιοχή ανέπαφη' (We must maintain the area untouched). You begin to see the difference between 'ανέπαφος' and 'άθικτος'. You know that 'ανέπαφος' is better for technology and physical survival, while 'άθικτος' might be used for a box that hasn't been opened. Your vocabulary is becoming more nuanced. You can also handle the plural forms and different cases more reliably, such as 'των ανέπαφων συναλλαγών' (of the contactless transactions). This level requires you to start thinking about the word as a tool for describing both physical states and social/economic impacts.
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At the B2 level, which is the target level for this word, you are expected to use 'ανέπαφος' with precision and stylistic flair. You understand its etymological roots and can explain why it's used in different domains like archaeology, finance, and ecology. You can use it to describe 'ανέπαφα δάση' (virgin forests) in a discussion about the environment, or 'ανέπαφες αρχαιότητες' in a conversation about history. You are aware of the subtle registers—how it sounds slightly more formal than 'απείραχτος' (untouched/unbothered). You can construct complex sentences like 'Παρά τις έντονες πιέσεις, η ηθική του παρέμεινε ανέπαφη' (Despite the intense pressures, his morality remained untouched). You also understand the technological implications, such as 'ανέπαφη διεπαφή' (contactless interface). You should be able to distinguish 'ανέπαφος' from synonyms like 'ακέραιος' (whole) or 'αλώβητος' (unscathed) depending on the context. At this level, the word is a flexible part of your vocabulary that you can use to describe anything from a digital payment to a pristine mountain range or a person's untarnished reputation.
At the C1 level, 'ανέπαφος' becomes a word you use to add sophistication to your speech and writing. You can use it in academic or professional settings to describe 'non-invasive' or 'contact-free' methods. In a business report, you might discuss the 'μετάβαση σε ανέπαφες μορφές εξυπηρέτησης' (transition to contactless forms of service). You can use it metaphorically in literary analysis to describe a character's 'ανέπαφη αθωότητα' (untouched innocence). You are sensitive to the nuances of the word in legal or historical documents where 'ανέπαφη κληρονομιά' (untouched/intact heritage) carries significant weight. You can also use the word to discuss social distancing and hygienic protocols in a more formal way, using terms like 'ανέπαφη παράδοση' (contactless delivery) with full grammatical accuracy. Your understanding of the word includes its ability to describe things that are 'pure' and 'untainted' by the corrupting influences of the modern world. You can debate the merits of 'ανέπαφη τεχνολογία' versus traditional methods using high-level vocabulary and complex syntax.
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At the C2 level, you have a native-like grasp of 'ανέπαφος'. You use it instinctively in both its most literal and most metaphorical senses. You might use it in a philosophical discussion about the 'ανέπαφη ουσία' (untouched essence) of an idea. You are fully aware of how the word has evolved historically, from ancient Greek texts to modern banking. You can use it to create irony or emphasis in high-level discourse. For example, describing a politician as 'ανέπαφος από την πραγματικότητα' (untouched by reality) to suggest they are out of touch. You can effortlessly switch between 'ανέπαφος', 'άθικτος', 'ακέραιος', and 'αλώβητος' to achieve the exact shade of meaning required for your text. Whether you are writing a technical manual for NFC technology, a thesis on archaeological preservation, or a poem about the sea, 'ανέπαφος' is a tool you use with absolute precision. You understand its place in the broader family of Greek words related to touch ('αφή', 'επαφή', 'ψηλάφηση') and can navigate these relationships with ease. The word is no longer just a vocabulary item but a part of your conceptual framework for describing the world.
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مثال‌ها

ανέπαφος در ۳۰ ثانیه

  • Anépafos means 'untouched' or 'intact'.
  • It is the standard Greek word for 'contactless' technology.
  • It describes things that survived disasters without damage.
  • It comes from 'a-' (not) + 'epaphe' (touch).

The Greek word ανέπαφος (an-é-pa-fos) is a multifaceted adjective that bridges the gap between ancient physical preservation and modern technological convenience. At its core, it is a compound word formed from the privative prefix α- (meaning 'not' or 'without') and the noun επαφή (epafí), which translates to 'contact' or 'touch'. Therefore, the literal meaning is 'untouched'. In modern Greek, this word has experienced a massive resurgence due to the digital revolution, specifically in the context of financial transactions and hygiene protocols. When you use a credit card without inserting it into a machine, you are performing an ανέπαφη συναλλαγή (contactless transaction). Beyond the world of banking, the word carries a weight of purity and preservation. It describes something that has remained in its original state, shielded from the wear and tear of human interference or the passage of time. For example, an archaeologist might discover an ανέπαφος τάφος (untouched tomb), implying that no grave robbers or natural disasters have disturbed the contents for centuries.

Physical State
Refers to objects that have not been handled, moved, or damaged by external forces. It suggests a state of pristine condition.

Το αρχαίο αγγείο βρέθηκε εντελώς ανέπαφο μετά από χιλιάδες χρόνια στην άμμο.

In a metaphorical sense, ανέπαφος can describe a person who remains unaffected by corruption, scandal, or emotional turmoil. If a politician survives a crisis without their reputation being tarnished, one might say they emerged ανέπαφος. This usage highlights the word's connection to integrity and wholeness. It is not just about physical distance, but about the preservation of essence. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the word became a household term, appearing on signs in every shop and restaurant. It shifted from a formal, somewhat academic term to a daily necessity, describing everything from 'contactless delivery' to 'contactless hand sanitizer dispensers'. Understanding this word requires recognizing this dual nature: the ancient sense of 'sacredly untouched' and the modern sense of 'technologically remote'.

Technological Context
Used primarily for NFC (Near Field Communication) technology, including credit cards, smartphones, and keyless entry systems.

Μπορώ να πληρώσω ανέπαφα με την κάρτα μου;

Abstract Integrity
Describes systems, reputations, or environments that remain pure and uninfluenced by outside negative factors.

Η περιοχή αυτή παραμένει ανέπαφη από τον μαζικό τουρισμό.

Using ανέπαφος correctly requires attention to gender, number, and case, as it is a standard tripartite adjective in Greek. It follows the -ος, -η, -ο declension pattern. When you are describing a masculine noun like ο τάφος (the tomb), you use ανέπαφος. For a feminine noun like η φύση (nature), you use ανέπαφη. For a neuter noun like το δάσος (the forest), you use ανέπαφο. One of the most common grammatical structures involves the verb παραμένω (to remain). Saying 'παραμένει ανέπαφος' (it remains untouched) is a standard way to describe something that has survived a disaster or time itself. In modern contexts, you will often find it paired with συναλλαγή (transaction) or πληρωμή (payment). Note that in these cases, because 'payment' and 'transaction' are feminine in Greek, the adjective will almost always be feminine: ανέπαφη πληρωμή.

Adjective Agreement
Always match the gender of the noun. Masculine: ανέπαφος, Feminine: ανέπαφη, Neuter: ανέπαφο.

Το σπίτι έμεινε ανέπαφο από την πυρκαγιά που κατέστρεψε το χωριό.

Another important usage is the adverbial form ανέπαφα. This is used when describing the method of an action. For example, 'πληρώνω ανέπαφα' (I pay contactlessly). Here, the word functions as an adverb of manner. It is also worth noting the use of the preposition από (from) following the adjective. When you want to say something is 'untouched BY something', you use ανέπαφος από.... For instance, 'ανέπαφος από την κρίση' (untouched by the crisis). This construction is very common in journalism and formal writing. In archaeological or historical texts, you might see the word used to describe the 'integrity' of a site, often with the adverb εντελώς (completely) to emphasize that not a single stone has been moved.

Prepositional Patterns
Use 'από' to indicate the source of potential damage that was avoided. Example: 'Ανέπαφος από τον χρόνο'.

Οι παραδόσεις μας πρέπει να μείνουν ανέπαφες από τις ξένες επιρροές.

Adverbial Usage
Use 'ανέπαφα' when modifying a verb to describe how an action is performed without physical touch.

Η ομορφιά του τοπίου παραμένει ανέπαφη.

If you visit Greece today, the place you are most likely to hear or see the word ανέπαφος is at the checkout counter of a supermarket or a café. Cashiers will often ask: 'Θα πληρώσετε ανέπαφα;' (Will you pay contactlessly?). This has become such a standard part of the Greek linguistic landscape that even elderly people who might not understand the underlying technology have adopted the term. It is also ubiquitous in banking apps and on the stickers of POS (Point of Sale) terminals. However, the word's life extends far beyond the realm of commerce. In the evening news, you might hear a reporter describing a miracle in a disaster zone: 'Μια εκκλησία έμεινε ανέπαφη από τον σεισμό' (A church remained untouched by the earthquake). This usage evokes a sense of awe and divine protection, showing the word's more emotional and solemn side.

Daily Commerce
Ubiquitous in retail, banking, and hospitality. Refers to card and mobile payments.

Δέχεται το μηχάνημα ανέπαφες κάρτες;

In academic and scientific circles, ανέπαφος is used to describe non-invasive procedures or pristine environments. For example, in environmental science, an ανέπαφο οικοσύστημα is a primary forest or a habitat that hasn't been altered by human activity. In medicine, ανέπαφη μέτρηση might refer to measuring body temperature without physical contact, a practice that became standard during recent health crises. Literature and poetry also utilize the word to describe virginal beauty or spiritual purity. A poet might write about ανέπαφα όνειρα (untouched dreams), suggesting dreams that haven't been crushed by reality. This versatility—from the mundane task of buying milk to the lofty heights of poetic expression—makes ανέπαφος a vital word for any student of Greek to master.

News & Media
Used to report on surviving structures after natural disasters or political figures surviving scandals.

Το αρχείο της οικογένειας παρέμεινε ανέπαφο στο υπόγειο.

Environmental Context
Describes wilderness areas that have never been logged or developed by humans.

Πρέπει να διατηρήσουμε ανέπαφο το φυσικό περιβάλλον.

One of the most frequent errors learners make with ανέπαφος is confusing it with its close relative, άθικτος (áthiktos). While both can translate to 'untouched', άθικτος often implies that something hasn't been used or started, like an 'untouched meal' or an 'untouched subject'. Ανέπαφος, on the other hand, is more about physical contact or survival from damage. You wouldn't say 'ανέπαφο φαγητό' unless you were describing a scientific specimen; you would say 'άθικτο φαγητό'. Another mistake is grammatical: forgetting that the adverbial form for 'contactless' is ανέπαφα, not the adjective. If you say 'Πληρώνω ανέπαφη', it sounds like you are paying a 'contactless woman', which is nonsensical. You must use the neuter plural form as an adverb: Πληρώνω ανέπαφα.

Confusing with 'Άθικτος'
Use 'άθικτος' for food or topics not yet discussed. Use 'ανέπαφος' for technology or objects surviving damage.

Λάθος: Το φαγητό έμεινε ανέπαφο. Σωστό: Το φαγητό έμεινε άθικτο.

A subtle mistake occurs in political or social contexts. Learners sometimes use ανέπαφος when they mean αδιάφορος (indifferent). While a person can remain ανέπαφος from a scandal (unaffected), it doesn't mean they don't care about it. Ensure you are describing the *effect* of the event, not the person's *attitude*. Furthermore, watch out for gender agreement in complex sentences. If you are describing multiple items of different genders, Greek grammar rules dictate using the masculine plural ανέπαφοι, but if all items are neuter, use ανέπαφα. Finally, don't confuse ανέπαφος with απρόσιτος (inaccessible). Something can be ανέπαφο even if it is right in front of you (like a museum exhibit behind glass), whereas απρόσιτος means you cannot even get near it.

Adverb Confusion
Learners often use the nominative adjective instead of the adverb. Remember: 'πληρώνω ανέπαφα' (adverbial manner).

Λάθος: Θέλω να πληρώσω ανέπαφος. Σωστό: Θέλω να πληρώσω ανέπαφα.

Unintended Meaning
Avoid using 'ανέπαφος' to describe people's personalities (e.g., 'cold' or 'distant'). Use 'ψυχρός' or 'απόμακρος' instead.

Πολλές αρχαιότητες παρέμειναν ανέπαφες στο πέρασμα των αιώνων.

To truly master ανέπαφος, you must see where it sits in the hierarchy of Greek synonyms for 'wholeness'. While ανέπαφος emphasizes the absence of touch or damage, other words emphasize different aspects of being 'complete'. For example, ακέραιος (akéreos) literally means 'integer' or 'whole'. It is often used for moral integrity (ακέραιος χαρακτήρας) or a physical object that hasn't lost any pieces. If a statue is ανέπαφο, it hasn't been touched; if it is ακέραιο, it still has its arms and legs. Another synonym is αλώβητος (alóvitos), which is a high-register word meaning 'unscathed' or 'unharmed', usually after a great ordeal or battle. It is more dramatic than ανέπαφος and is frequently used in literature or epic storytelling to describe a hero who survives without a scratch.

Ανέπαφος vs. Ακέραιος
'Ανέπαφος' focuses on the lack of external contact. 'Ακέραιος' focuses on the completeness of the structure or moral purity.

Ο στρατιώτης επέστρεψε αλώβητος από τον πόλεμο.

For environmental contexts, παρθένος (parthénos) is a powerful alternative. Just like the English 'virgin', it describes something completely pure and unexploited, such as παρθένο δάσος (virgin forest). While ανέπαφο δάσος is correct, παρθένο adds a layer of natural sanctity. In the world of technology, you might encounter ασύρματος (asírmatos), meaning 'wireless'. While 'contactless' and 'wireless' are related, they are not interchangeable. Ανέπαφος is specifically for the short-range NFC interaction, whereas ασύρματος is for Wi-Fi or radio signals. Finally, αμόλυντος (amólintos) means 'unpolluted' or 'untarnished'. It is used when the 'touch' involved would have been dirty or corrupting. A person's reputation might be αμόλυντη, emphasizing that no 'dirt' has stuck to them.

Ανέπαφος vs. Άθικτος
'Άθικτος' is best for things not yet started (food, money, issues). 'Ανέπαφος' is best for technology and survival.

Η φήμη του έμεινε αμόλυντη παρά τις κατηγορίες.

Technological Nuance
Do not use 'ανέπαφος' for Wi-Fi. Use 'ασύρματο δίκτυο' (wireless network) instead.

Το δάσος αυτό είναι ένα παρθένο οικοσύστημα.

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

Η κάρτα είναι ανέπαφη.

The card is contactless.

Feminine singular form matching 'η κάρτα'.

2

Πληρώνω ανέπαφα.

I pay contactlessly.

Adverbial form 'ανέπαφα'.

3

Το σπίτι είναι ανέπαφο.

The house is untouched.

Neuter singular form matching 'το σπίτι'.

4

Έχεις ανέπαφη κάρτα;

Do you have a contactless card?

Accusative feminine singular.

5

Είναι ανέπαφο;

Is it untouched?

Neuter singular used as a general question.

6

Όλα έμειναν ανέπαφα.

Everything remained untouched.

Neuter plural matching 'όλα'.

7

Μην το αγγίζεις, είναι ανέπαφο.

Don't touch it, it's untouched.

Simple imperative + adjective.

8

Ανέπαφη συναλλαγή, παρακαλώ.

Contactless transaction, please.

Common noun-adjective phrase.

1

Το αρχαίο άγαλμα βρέθηκε ανέπαφο.

The ancient statue was found intact.

Neuter singular matching 'το άγαλμα'.

2

Οι ανέπαφες πληρωμές είναι γρήγορες.

Contactless payments are fast.

Feminine plural subject.

3

Το δάσος παραμένει ανέπαφο από τον άνθρωπο.

The forest remains untouched by man.

Prepositional phrase 'από τον άνθρωπο'.

4

Μπορείτε να χρησιμοποιήσετε την ανέπαφη λειτουργία.

You can use the contactless function.

Accusative feminine singular.

5

Η περιοχή έμεινε ανέπαφη από τη φωτιά.

The area remained untouched by the fire.

Feminine singular matching 'η περιοχή'.

6

Θέλω μια ανέπαφη παράδοση.

I want a contactless delivery.

Accusative feminine singular.

7

Τα βιβλία είναι ανέπαφα στο ράφι.

The books are untouched on the shelf.

Neuter plural matching 'τα βιβλία'.

8

Ο τάφος ήταν ανέπαφος.

The tomb was untouched.

Masculine singular matching 'ο τάφος'.

1

Η φήμη του έμεινε ανέπαφη παρά το σκάνδαλο.

His reputation remained untouched despite the scandal.

Metaphorical use for reputation.

2

Προτιμώ τις ανέπαφες κάρτες για λόγους υγιεινής.

I prefer contactless cards for hygiene reasons.

Accusative feminine plural.

3

Το χωριό διατηρεί την ανέπαφη ομορφιά του.

The village maintains its untouched beauty.

Adjective modifying 'ομορφιά'.

4

Η συναλλαγή δεν έγινε επειδή η κάρτα δεν είναι ανέπαφη.

The transaction didn't happen because the card isn't contactless.

Negative sentence with adjective.

5

Πολλά κτίρια παρέμειναν ανέπαφα μετά τον σεισμό.

Many buildings remained untouched after the earthquake.

Neuter plural matching 'κτίρια'.

6

Η φύση εκεί είναι ακόμα ανέπαφη από τον τουρισμό.

Nature there is still untouched by tourism.

Feminine singular matching 'η φύση'.

7

Πληρώστε ανέπαφα για να κερδίσετε χρόνο.

Pay contactlessly to save time.

Imperative + adverb.

8

Το κουτί βρέθηκε ανέπαφο στην αποθήκη.

The box was found untouched in the warehouse.

Neuter singular matching 'το κουτί'.

1

Το οικοσύστημα παραμένει ανέπαφο από κάθε ανθρώπινη παρέμβαση.

The ecosystem remains untouched by any human intervention.

Formal scientific context.

2

Η επιχείρηση βγήκε ανέπαφη από την οικονομική κρίση.

The business emerged untouched from the economic crisis.

Metaphorical use in business.

3

Απαιτείται ανέπαφη επικοινωνία μεταξύ των συσκευών.

Contactless communication between devices is required.

Technical terminology.

4

Η αθωότητά της παρέμεινε ανέπαφη μέσα στα χρόνια.

Her innocence remained untouched through the years.

Abstract concept.

5

Οι αρχαιολόγοι ανακάλυψαν έναν ανέπαφο βασιλικό τάφο.

Archaeologists discovered an untouched royal tomb.

Archaeological context.

6

Η τεχνολογία των ανέπαφων συναλλαγών εξελίσσεται ραγδαία.

The technology of contactless transactions is evolving rapidly.

Genitive feminine plural.

7

Το έγγραφο διατηρήθηκε ανέπαφο μέσα στο χρηματοκιβώτιο.

The document was kept intact inside the safe.

Neuter singular matching 'το έγγραφο'.

8

Παρά την επίθεση, η ακεραιότητά του έμεινε ανέπαφη.

Despite the attack, his integrity remained untouched.

Moral/abstract usage.

1

Η περιοχή αυτή αποτελεί ένα από τα λίγα ανέπαφα δάση της Ευρώπης.

This area is one of the few untouched forests in Europe.

Neuter plural in a descriptive phrase.

2

Η ανέπαφη διεπαφή χρήστη προσφέρει μια νέα εμπειρία.

The contactless user interface offers a new experience.

High-level technical term.

3

Η πολιτική του καριέρα παρέμεινε ανέπαφη από τις κατηγορίες.

His political career remained untouched by the accusations.

Journalistic style.

4

Η μέθοδος αυτή επιτρέπει την ανέπαφη μέτρηση της θερμοκρασίας.

This method allows for the contactless measurement of temperature.

Scientific/medical register.

5

Το έργο τέχνης έφτασε ανέπαφο στον προορισμό του.

The artwork arrived intact at its destination.

Logistics context.

6

Η πνευματική του διαύγεια παρέμεινε ανέπαφη μέχρι το τέλος.

His mental clarity remained untouched until the end.

Eulogistic/literary tone.

7

Οι ανέπαφες κάρτες χρησιμοποιούν τεχνολογία RFID.

Contactless cards use RFID technology.

Technical explanation.

8

Η ομορφιά του τοπίου παραμένει ανέπαφη από τον χρόνο.

The beauty of the landscape remains untouched by time.

Poetic expression.

1

Η φιλοσοφική του θεωρία παρέμεινε ανέπαφη από τις σύγχρονες κριτικές.

His philosophical theory remained untouched by contemporary critiques.

Academic discourse.

2

Διατηρώντας ανέπαφες τις παραδόσεις, η κοινότητα επιβιώνει.

By keeping traditions untouched, the community survives.

Sociological context.

3

Η ανέπαφη φύση του μυστηρίου προκαλεί το ενδιαφέρον.

The untouched nature of the mystery sparks interest.

Abstract metaphorical use.

4

Η συσκευή λειτουργεί μέσω ανέπαφου αισθητήρα κίνησης.

The device operates via a contactless motion sensor.

Genitive masculine singular.

5

Η ηθική του υπόσταση εξήλθε ανέπαφη από τη δοκιμασία.

His moral standing emerged untouched from the ordeal.

Formal narrative style.

6

Πρόκειται για μια ανέπαφη πρωτογενή πηγή πληροφοριών.

It is an untouched primary source of information.

Historiographical term.

7

Η ανέπαφη αλληλεπίδραση αποτελεί το μέλλον της τεχνολογίας.

Contactless interaction is the future of technology.

Visionary/tech statement.

8

Το κληροδότημα παρέμεινε ανέπαφο για τις επόμενες γενιές.

The legacy remained untouched for future generations.

Formal/legal context.

ترکیب‌های رایج

ανέπαφη συναλλαγή
ανέπαφη πληρωμή
ανέπαφη κάρτα
παραμένω ανέπαφος
ανέπαφο δάσος
ανέπαφος τάφος
ανέπαφη ομορφιά
ανέπαφη τεχνολογία
ανέπαφη παράδοση
ανέπαφη μέτρηση

عبارات رایج

Πληρώνω ανέπαφα

Έμεινε ανέπαφος από την κρίση

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