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B1 noun 15 دقیقه مطالعه

diarrea

مثال‌ها
توضیح diarrea in your Level:
At the A1 level, the word diarrea is a basic 'survival' word. You don't need to know the complex biology of the condition, but you should be able to say 'Tengo diarrea' (I have diarrhea) if you feel sick while traveling. This level focuses on simple subject-verb-object structures. You will learn that diarrea is a feminine noun, so you use 'la' or 'una'. You might also learn the word 'médico' (doctor) or 'farmacia' (pharmacy) alongside it. The goal at A1 is simply to communicate a basic need or symptom. You should focus on the correct spelling (remembering the double 'r') and the fact that we use the verb 'tener' (to have) rather than 'ser' or 'estar'. Simple sentences like 'El agua me dio diarrea' (The water gave me diarrhea) are typical for this level. It is a word that helps you get help when you are most vulnerable.
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At the A2 level, you begin to expand your use of diarrea by adding simple adjectives and describing causes. You might say 'Tengo una diarrea muy fuerte' (I have very strong diarrhea) or 'Tengo diarrea porque comí algo malo' (I have diarrhea because I ate something bad). You learn to connect the symptom with other basic health terms like 'fiebre' (fever) or 'dolor de estómago' (stomach ache). At this level, you should also be familiar with the word 'medicamento' (medicine). You might be able to ask a simple question in a pharmacy: '¿Tiene algo para la diarrea?' (Do you have something for diarrhea?). The focus is on building slightly more complex sentences and understanding that 'diarrea' is the standard term used by everyone. You also start to recognize the importance of hydration, using phrases like 'necesito beber agua'.
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At the B1 level, you are expected to handle most situations that arise while traveling in a Spanish-speaking area, including health issues. You should be able to describe the duration and severity of the condition: 'He tenido diarrea desde ayer' (I have had diarrhea since yesterday). You learn more specific vocabulary like 'diarrea del viajero' (traveler's diarrhea) and 'deshidratación' (dehydration). You can understand advice from a pharmacist, such as 'debe seguir una dieta blanda' (you must follow a bland diet). At this level, you also begin to distinguish between formal and informal ways to describe stomach issues, though you primarily stick to 'diarrea'. You can explain symptoms in more detail to a doctor, using past tenses like 'empezó después de cenar' (it started after dinner). Your grammar becomes more precise, correctly using feminine agreements with adjectives.
At the B2 level, you can discuss diarrea in a more technical or detailed manner. You might use the word in a work context (explaining an absence) or when discussing public health. You can understand more complex medical explanations involving terms like 'bacterias', 'virus', or 'flora intestinal'. You are comfortable using different verbs like 'padecer', 'sufrir', or 'provocar'. For example: 'La intoxicación alimentaria provocó una diarrea aguda en todo el grupo'. You also begin to understand the metaphorical use of the word, such as 'diarrea mental', and you can recognize regional colloquialisms like 'chorrillo' or 'descomposición' without being confused. You can read health articles or news reports about outbreaks and understand the implications for the community. Your ability to use the word in various registers (formal vs. informal) is much stronger.
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At the C1 level, you have a nuanced understanding of the word diarrea and its place in the Spanish language. You can use it in academic, medical, or professional discussions with ease. You understand the subtle differences between diarrea and similar conditions like 'disentería' or 'colitis'. You can engage in complex conversations about the causes of chronic diarrea, such as 'intolerancia al gluten' or 'estrés crónico'. You are fully aware of the cultural nuances and when it is appropriate to use the word versus a euphemism. You can also use the word effectively in creative writing or complex arguments, perhaps using it metaphorically to describe a chaotic flow of information. Your pronunciation is perfect, including the difficult trilled 'rr'. You can navigate a full medical consultation in Spanish, discussing symptoms, history, and treatments with total confidence.
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At the C2 level, you use the word diarrea with the same precision and variety as a highly educated native speaker. You are familiar with the etymology of the word (from Greek 'dia' meaning through and 'rhein' meaning to flow). You can understand and use the word in highly specialized medical contexts, discussing 'diarrea osmótica', 'diarrea secretora', or 'motilidad intestinal' without hesitation. You are also aware of rare literary uses or obscure regional slang associated with the condition. You can effortlessly switch between a clinical register and a colloquial one depending on the social setting. Your understanding of the word is deep, covering its physical, social, and metaphorical dimensions. You could even write a professional medical paper or a humorous essay about the topic, handling the tone perfectly in either case.
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مثال‌ها
The word diarrea is a feminine noun in Spanish that refers to a common medical condition characterized by frequent, loose, or liquid bowel movements. Understanding this term is essential for any Spanish learner, especially those planning to travel, as it is a fundamental part of describing physical health and seeking medical assistance. In a biological sense, diarrea occurs when the digestive system does not properly absorb water from waste products, or when the intestines work too quickly, leading to the rapid expulsion of waste. While the topic might seem sensitive or embarrassing in some social contexts, the word itself is used quite clinically and directly in Spanish-speaking cultures. People use it to describe symptoms to doctors, pharmacists, or even close family members without the same level of taboo that might be found in some English-speaking circles. It is a word that bridges the gap between everyday discomfort and medical necessity.
Medical Classification
In medical terminology, diarrea is often classified as either acute or chronic. Acute diarrea usually lasts a few days and is often caused by a bacterial, viral, or parasitic infection. Chronic diarrea lasts for several weeks and may indicate a more serious underlying condition like Crohn's disease or irritable bowel syndrome.

El médico me preguntó si la diarrea ha persistido por más de tres días consecutivos.

Beyond the physical ailment, the term is vital for survival Spanish. If you are in a pharmacy in Madrid or a clinic in Mexico City, being able to say 'tengo diarrea' (I have diarrhea) is the fastest way to get the correct medication, such as antidiarrheals or oral rehydration salts. The word is consistently used across all Spanish-speaking countries, though some regional variations for the condition exist in slang. However, diarrea remains the universal, standard term understood by every speaker. It is also important to note that the word follows standard feminine noun rules, requiring the article 'la'.
Symptomatic Context
Common symptoms associated with diarrea include abdominal cramps, bloating, nausea, and an urgent need to use the bathroom. When describing these to a healthcare professional, the word diarrea serves as the primary anchor for the conversation.
In addition to its literal meaning, you might occasionally hear it used metaphorically in expressions like 'diarrea mental' or 'diarrea verbal', which refer to someone talking excessively or without making much sense, essentially a 'verbal flow' that won't stop. However, as a B1 learner, your focus should remain on its primary health-related usage. The spelling is also a key point of focus: the double 'r' is essential for the correct trilled pronunciation, and the 'ea' at the end creates two distinct vowel sounds.

Es importante beber mucha agua cuando se tiene diarrea para evitar la deshidratación severa.

Prevention and Care
Prevention often involves washing hands frequently and being careful with street food in certain regions. Treatment usually involves a 'dieta blanda' (bland diet) consisting of rice, toasted bread, and apples, which are culturally recommended remedies for diarrea in many Spanish-speaking households.

La diarrea infantil puede ser muy peligrosa si no se trata a tiempo con suero oral.

Muchos turistas sufren de diarrea al cambiar drásticamente su tipo de alimentación.

Finally, remember that diarrea is a symptom, not a disease itself. It is the body's way of reacting to something it needs to expel quickly. Whether it is caused by food poisoning (intoxicación alimentaria), a virus (gastroenteritis), or stress, the word remains the central term for describing the resulting bowel condition.
Using the word diarrea correctly in a sentence involves more than just knowing its definition; it requires understanding the verbs and adjectives that typically accompany it. The most common verb used with diarrea is 'tener' (to have). For example, 'Tengo diarrea' is the standard way to express that you are currently suffering from the condition. However, Spanish also uses 'sufrir' (to suffer from) or 'padecer' (to suffer/endure) in more formal or medical contexts. For instance, 'El paciente padece de diarrea crónica' sounds more clinical than 'El paciente tiene diarrea'. Another important verb is 'causar' (to cause), as in 'El agua contaminada puede causar diarrea'. Understanding these collocations helps you sound more natural and precise.
Common Verb Pairings
The verbs 'cortar' (to stop/cut) and 'quitar' (to remove) are often used when talking about medication. You might ask a pharmacist, '¿Qué puedo tomar para cortar la diarrea?' (What can I take to stop the diarrhea?). This usage of 'cortar' is very common in health contexts.

Desde que comí esos mariscos, no he parado de tener diarrea y dolor abdominal.

Adjectives also play a significant role in describing the severity or type of diarrea. 'Diarrea aguda' (acute diarrhea) refers to a sudden, short-term onset, while 'diarrea persistente' or 'diarrea crónica' refers to long-term issues. You might also hear 'diarrea líquida' to describe the consistency. In a sentence, these adjectives always follow the noun, adhering to standard Spanish grammar rules. For example, 'La diarrea infecciosa es común en verano' (Infectious diarrhea is common in summer). When discussing children, the phrase 'diarrea infantil' is frequently used in pediatric contexts.
Sentence Structure with Prepositions
The preposition 'con' is often used to link diarrea with other symptoms. 'Tengo fiebre con diarrea' (I have a fever with diarrhea). The preposition 'por' is used to indicate the cause: 'diarrea por infección' (diarrhea due to infection) or 'diarrea por antibióticos' (diarrhea caused by antibiotics).

Para diagnosticar la causa de la diarrea, el doctor solicitó un análisis de heces.

When talking about the resolution of the condition, you might use the verb 'desaparecer' (to disappear) or 'curarse' (to be cured). 'La diarrea desapareció después de dos días de dieta' (The diarrhea disappeared after two days of dieting). Another useful construction involves the verb 'provocar' (to provoke/cause), which is slightly more formal than 'causar'. 'Ciertos medicamentos pueden provocar diarrea como efecto secundario' (Certain medications can cause diarrhea as a side effect). This is particularly useful when reading medication labels or talking to medical professionals.
Expressing Urgency
In urgent situations, you might hear the phrase 'ataque de diarrea' (diarrhea attack). 'Le dio un ataque de diarrea en medio de la reunión' (He had a diarrhea attack in the middle of the meeting). This emphasizes the sudden and uncontrollable nature of the symptom.

Si la diarrea viene acompañada de sangre, debe acudir a urgencias de inmediato.

La hidratación constante es el tratamiento más efectivo contra la diarrea común.

No podemos viajar mañana si todavía tienes diarrea y malestar general.

In conclusion, mastering the use of diarrea in sentences involves pairing it with the right verbs like tener, causar, and cortar, and using adjectives like aguda or crónica to specify the condition. By practicing these structures, you will be well-equipped to handle health-related conversations in Spanish-speaking environments.
The word diarrea is most frequently heard in environments related to health, wellness, and travel. One of the primary locations is the 'farmacia' (pharmacy). In Spain and Latin America, pharmacists often act as first-line medical advisors for minor ailments. You will hear customers describing their symptoms using the word diarrea to get recommendations for over-the-counter medications like 'loperamida' or 'suero oral'. The pharmacist might ask, '¿Desde cuándo tiene la diarrea?' (How long have you had the diarrhea?) or '¿Tiene otros síntomas además de la diarrea?' (Do you have other symptoms besides the diarrhea?). This is a very common and practical setting for the word.
The Doctor's Office
In a clinical setting or 'consultorio médico', the word is used constantly. Doctors use it to categorize illness. You might hear it in a diagnosis like 'gastroenteritis con diarrea' or when the doctor gives instructions: 'Si la diarrea no cesa en 24 horas, vuelva a la consulta'. It is a standard part of the medical lexicon.

En la farmacia, el dependiente me recomendó un probiótico para la diarrea.

Another common place to hear the word is in travel contexts. Tourism offices, hotels, and travel blogs often discuss 'la diarrea del viajero'. Tour guides might warn groups: 'Tengan cuidado con el agua del grifo para evitar la diarrea'. In this context, the word is used as a cautionary term. You will also find it in health brochures and posters in airports or transit hubs in tropical regions, providing tips on how to avoid stomach issues. It is a word that signifies a shared, if unpleasant, experience among global travelers.
Domestic and Family Life
Within a household, diarrea is discussed openly when someone is sick. Parents will use it regarding their children: 'El niño no fue al colegio porque tiene diarrea'. Unlike in some English-speaking cultures where people might use euphemisms like 'stomach upset' or 'tummy trouble', Spanish speakers are often more direct about using the specific word diarrea even in casual family settings.

Escuché en las noticias que hay un brote de diarrea viral en la escuela primaria.

You will also encounter the word in academic and scientific settings. Biology textbooks, health news reports, and public health announcements use diarrea to discuss sanitation, water quality, and disease prevention. For example, a news report might state, 'La falta de agua potable ha incrementado los casos de diarrea en la región'. In these cases, the word is used to describe a public health crisis.
Media and Advertisements
Television commercials for medications like Fortasec or various yogurts with probiotics often use the word diarrea. These ads are common and contribute to the word being a standard part of the public vocabulary. They often show people looking relieved after taking a product that 'corta la diarrea'.

El anuncio dice que este medicamento alivia la diarrea en menos de una hora.

Mi abuela siempre dice que el té de manzanilla es lo mejor para la diarrea.

El guía nos advirtió que la diarrea es el problema de salud más común entre los excursionistas.

In summary, diarrea is a word you will hear in pharmacies, hospitals, travel briefings, family homes, and on television. It is a functional, direct, and necessary part of the Spanish language for navigating health-related situations.
When learning the word diarrea, several common mistakes often trip up English speakers. The first and most frequent error is spelling. In English, the word is spelled 'diarrhea' (with an 'h'). In Spanish, there is no 'h' after the 'rr'. Students often instinctively add the 'h' because of their native language habits. Writing 'diarrhea' in a Spanish text is a clear sign of a learner's struggle with interference. The correct Spanish spelling is d-i-a-r-r-e-a.
Spelling and Pronunciation
Another spelling mistake involves the double 'r'. Spanish requires the 'rr' to produce the trilled sound. If you write 'diarea' with a single 'r', not only is it a spelling error, but it also changes the pronunciation significantly. Remember: Double the 'r', drop the 'h'.

Muchos estudiantes escriben mal la palabra diarrea porque intentan usar la ortografía del inglés.

A second common mistake involves the gender of the noun. Diarrea is a feminine noun ('la diarrea'), but because it ends in 'a', some students might confuse it with the small group of masculine nouns ending in 'a' (like 'el problema' or 'el sistema'). However, diarrea follows the standard rule: nouns ending in 'a' are typically feminine. Saying 'el diarrea' is a common grammatical slip. Always pair it with feminine articles and adjectives: 'la diarrea persistente', 'mucha diarrea'.
Verb Confusion
As mentioned before, learners often try to use the verb 'estar' (to be) with diarrea. In English, we might say 'I am diarrhetic' (though rare) or 'I am having diarrhea'. In Spanish, you must use 'tener'. Saying 'Estoy diarrea' is nonsensical and sounds like you are saying 'I am the condition of diarrhea'.

Es un error decir 'el diarrea'; lo correcto es siempre usar el artículo femenino 'la'.

A third mistake is using the word 'diario' (daily/newspaper) instead of diarrea. While they might look slightly similar to a very beginner, they are completely different. I have seen students accidentally say they have a 'diario' when they meant they have 'diarrea'. This can lead to very confusing and humorous situations. Ensure you distinguish between the 'rr' in diarrea and the 'r' in diario.
False Friend Confusion
Sometimes learners confuse 'diarrea' with 'constipación'. In Spanish, 'constipado' usually means having a cold (congestion), while in English 'constipated' means the opposite of diarrhea. This 'false friend' can lead to getting the wrong medicine at the pharmacy!

Si dices que tienes un 'diario' en lugar de diarrea, el farmacéutico pensará que quieres comprar el periódico.

No confundas la diarrea con el estreñimiento; son condiciones médicas opuestas.

Lastly, avoid over-using the word in formal social gatherings unless it is necessary. While Spanish is more direct, it still follows social etiquette. Mentioning your 'diarrea' at a formal dinner party is just as inappropriate in Spanish as it is in English. Use it when speaking to doctors, family, or when you need to explain why you are leaving a situation urgently. By avoiding these spelling, gender, and social mistakes, you will use diarrea accurately and appropriately.
While diarrea is the standard term, there are several synonyms and related terms that can be used depending on the level of formality or the specific nature of the stomach trouble. Understanding these alternatives will make your Spanish more versatile and help you understand native speakers who might use more colloquial or technical language.
Technical/Medical Alternatives
'Gastroenteritis' is the medical name for the inflammation of the stomach and intestines that often causes diarrea. 'Infección intestinal' (intestinal infection) is another common way to describe the cause. Doctors might also use 'deposiciones líquidas' (liquid stools) in a very formal medical report.

El diagnóstico oficial no fue solo diarrea, sino una gastroenteritis viral aguda.

In more informal or colloquial settings, you will encounter a variety of terms. In Spain, people often say 'estar suelto/a de la tripa' (to be loose in the gut). This is a very common way to describe the condition without using the clinical word diarrea. Another common phrase is 'tener descomposición', which literally means 'to have decomposition' but is used to mean an upset stomach with diarrhea. In some regions, you might hear 'cagarrinas' (very informal, almost slang) or 'correría'. These are much more casual and should be used with caution, primarily among friends.
Regional Variations
In Mexico and parts of Central America, you might hear 'chorrillo'. This is a very common colloquialism for diarrea. In Argentina, 'flojo del vientre' is another way to express the same idea. Each Spanish-speaking country has its own colorful way of describing the 'runs'.

Mi madre siempre dice que tengo 'descomposición' en lugar de usar la palabra diarrea.

When the diarrea is caused specifically by overeating, the word 'empacho' is often used in Latin America. While 'empacho' covers general indigestion, it often implies the resulting diarrea. Another related term is 'retortijones' (stomach cramps), which almost always accompany diarrea. If you tell a doctor 'tengo diarrea y muchos retortijones', they will have a very clear picture of your discomfort.
Antonyms and Opposites
The direct opposite of diarrea is 'estreñimiento' (constipation). It is equally important to know this word. If diarrea is 'too much flow', estreñimiento is 'no flow'. In a pharmacy, you must be careful not to confuse these two, as the treatments are polar opposites.

El niño tiene un poco de 'chorrillo', así que le daremos arroz blanco hoy en lugar de diarrea.

Sufrir de diarrea es molesto, pero el estreñimiento crónico puede ser igual de doloroso.

Knowing these synonyms and antonyms helps you navigate different social and regional contexts. Whether you use the clinical diarrea, the polite descomposición, or the regional chorrillo, you will be able to communicate your health needs effectively throughout the Spanish-speaking world.
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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

Tengo diarrea.

I have diarrhea.

Uses the verb 'tener' (to have) which is the standard way to express symptoms in Spanish.

2

La diarrea es mala.

Diarrhea is bad.

Shows the feminine article 'la' agreeing with the noun.

3

¿Tienes diarrea?

Do you have diarrhea?

Question form of 'tener diarrea' in the second person singular.

4

No tengo diarrea hoy.

I do not have diarrhea today.

Negation using 'no' before the verb.

5

Ella tiene diarrea fuerte.

She has strong diarrhea.

Use of the adjective 'fuerte' (strong/severe) following the noun.

6

El bebé tiene diarrea.

The baby has diarrhea.

Standard usage for a third-person subject.

7

Quiero medicina para la diarrea.

I want medicine for the diarrhea.

Uses 'para' to indicate the purpose of the medicine.

8

La diarrea empezó ayer.

The diarrhea started yesterday.

Uses the preterite tense of 'empezar' (to start).

1

Tengo diarrea porque comí mucho.

I have diarrhea because I ate a lot.

Uses 'porque' to explain the cause of the symptom.

2

Si tienes diarrea, bebe mucha agua.

If you have diarrhea, drink a lot of water.

A conditional 'if' sentence followed by an imperative 'bebe'.

3

La diarrea me hace sentir débil.

The diarrhea makes me feel weak.

Uses 'hacer' + infinitive to show result.

4

Mi hermano tiene diarrea y fiebre.

My brother has diarrhea and a fever.

Connecting two symptoms with the conjunction 'y'.

5

Esta medicina es buena para la diarrea.

This medicine is good for diarrhea.

Demonstrative adjective 'esta' used with 'medicina'.

6

No puedo ir al cine por la diarrea.

I cannot go to the cinema because of the diarrhea.

Uses 'por' to indicate the reason for an inability.

7

¿Es común la diarrea en este país?

Is diarrhea common in this country?

Question structure with the adjective 'común'.

8

La diarrea duró tres días.

The diarrhea lasted three days.

Uses the verb 'durar' (to last) in the preterite.

1

Muchos turistas sufren de diarrea del viajero.

Many tourists suffer from traveler's diarrhea.

Uses the specific phrase 'diarrea del viajero'.

2

El médico dice que la diarrea es por un virus.

The doctor says the diarrhea is due to a virus.

Reported speech using 'dice que'.

3

Es importante tratar la diarrea infantil rápidamente.

It is important to treat childhood diarrhea quickly.

Uses 'es importante' + infinitive structure.

4

Si la diarrea persiste, debe llamar al doctor.

If the diarrhea persists, you should call the doctor.

Formal 'usted' command/advice structure.

5

La diarrea puede causar una deshidratación severa.

Diarrhea can cause severe dehydration.

Modal verb 'puede' followed by 'causar'.

6

Compré suero oral para combatir la diarrea.

I bought oral rehydration salts to fight the diarrhea.

Uses 'para' + infinitive to show purpose.

7

Me siento mejor, la diarrea ya se quitó.

I feel better, the diarrhea is gone now.

Uses the reflexive 'quitarse' to mean 'to go away'.

8

La diarrea aguda suele durar poco tiempo.

Acute diarrhea usually lasts a short time.

Uses 'soler' (to usually do) + infinitive.

1

La diarrea crónica requiere un estudio médico profundo.

Chronic diarrhea requires a deep medical study.

More formal vocabulary like 'requiere' and 'profundo'.

2

Ciertos antibióticos provocan diarrea como efecto secundario.

Certain antibiotics cause diarrhea as a side effect.

Uses 'provocar' instead of 'causar' for a more formal tone.

3

La falta de higiene es la causa principal de la diarrea.

Lack of hygiene is the main cause of diarrhea.

Noun phrase 'la falta de higiene' as the subject.

4

Padecí una diarrea terrible durante todo el viaje.

I suffered a terrible diarrhea during the whole trip.

Uses the verb 'padecer' (to suffer/endure) in the preterite.

5

El paciente presenta diarrea líquida y vómitos.

The patient presents with liquid diarrhea and vomiting.

Clinical use of 'presentar' (to present symptoms).

6

A pesar de la diarrea, decidió seguir trabajando.

Despite the diarrhea, he decided to continue working.

Uses the concessive phrase 'a pesar de' (despite).

7

La diarrea infecciosa se contagia fácilmente.

Infectious diarrhea spreads easily.

Passive 'se' construction with 'contagiarse'.

8

Es fundamental reponer líquidos tras un episodio de diarrea.

It is fundamental to replenish liquids after an episode of diarrhea.

Uses 'tras' (after) and 'reponer' (to replenish).

1

La diarrea persistente puede ser síntoma de celiaquía.

Persistent diarrhea can be a symptom of celiac disease.

Linking symptoms to specific medical conditions.

2

El brote de diarrea fue vinculado al agua contaminada.

The diarrhea outbreak was linked to contaminated water.

Passive voice 'fue vinculado' (was linked).

3

La diarrea osmótica ocurre por la mala absorción de solutos.

Osmotic diarrhea occurs due to poor absorption of solutes.

Highly technical medical terminology.

4

No hay que subestimar la gravedad de la diarrea en ancianos.

The severity of diarrhea in the elderly should not be underestimated.

Uses 'no hay que' + infinitive for general advice.

5

Sufrió una especie de diarrea mental y no paró de hablar.

He suffered a kind of mental diarrhea and didn't stop talking.

Metaphorical use of the word 'diarrea'.

6

La diarrea puede ser una respuesta somática al estrés.

Diarrhea can be a somatic response to stress.

Use of the adjective 'somática' (relating to the body).

7

El tratamiento de la diarrea varía según la etiología.

The treatment of diarrhea varies according to the etiology.

Use of 'etiología' (the cause of a disease).

8

La diarrea suele remitir espontáneamente en unos días.

Diarrhea usually subsides spontaneously in a few days.

Formal verb 'remitir' (to subside/remit).

1

La fisiopatología de la diarrea secretora es compleja.

The pathophysiology of secretory diarrhea is complex.

Advanced academic and medical terminology.

2

La diarrea es una de las principales causas de mortalidad global.

Diarrhea is one of the leading cause

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