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B2 preposition 14 دقیقه مطالعه

à l'arrière de

مثال‌ها
توضیح à l'arrière de in your Level:
At the A1 level, learning French is all about understanding basic vocabulary for everyday situations. The phrase à l'arrière de is a very useful building block for describing where things are. At this beginner stage, you should focus on learning its most common and literal meaning, which is 'in the back of' or 'at the back of'. Imagine you are looking at a car. The front is where the driver sits, and the back is where the passengers sit or where the trunk is. If your friend asks where your bag is, you can say it is 'à l'arrière de la voiture' (in the back of the car). This is a very practical and common way to use this phrase. It is important to know that this phrase is made of several small words put together. You have 'à' (at/to), 'l'' (the), 'arrière' (back), and 'de' (of). When you use it, you must connect it to a noun, like a car, a house, or a bus. A very important rule to remember at this level is that the word 'de' changes depending on the word that comes after it. If the word is masculine, like 'le bus' (the bus), 'de' and 'le' combine to make 'du'. So, you say 'à l'arrière du bus'. If the word is plural, like 'les magasins' (the stores), 'de' and 'les' combine to make 'des'. So, you say 'à l'arrière des magasins'. If the word is feminine, like 'la maison' (the house), it stays 'de la'. So, you say 'à l'arrière de la maison'. Practicing these combinations is essential for speaking correctly. At this level, do not worry about complicated or abstract uses of the phrase. Just focus on physical objects and spaces. Practice describing your classroom, your home, or your car. Say things like 'Je suis à l'arrière de la classe' (I am at the back of the class). By practicing these simple sentences, you will quickly become comfortable with this important spatial phrase and be able to give and understand basic directions in French.
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At the A2 level, your ability to describe your surroundings in French is expanding, and the phrase à l'arrière de becomes a crucial tool for more detailed descriptions. You already know it means 'at the back of' or 'in the back of', and you understand the basic grammar rules for combining 'de' with 'le' and 'les'. Now, you can start using it in a wider variety of everyday contexts. Instead of just talking about cars or buses, you can use it to describe the layout of buildings, rooms, and outdoor spaces. For example, if you are giving someone a tour of your home, you might point out that 'le jardin est à l'arrière de la maison' (the garden is at the back of the house). If you are in a restaurant and need to find the restroom, you might hear a waiter say 'les toilettes sont à l'arrière du restaurant' (the restrooms are at the back of the restaurant). This phrase is incredibly useful for navigating public spaces and understanding directions. At this stage, it is also important to clearly distinguish this phrase from 'derrière' (behind). Remember that 'derrière' usually means something is completely outside and behind an object, like a tree behind a house. 'À l'arrière de' often implies being inside the back part of something, like sitting in the back of a classroom or a theater. 'Je suis assis à l'arrière de la salle' (I am sitting at the back of the room). You can also start using it with plural nouns more confidently. For instance, 'les entrepôts se trouvent à l'arrière des magasins' (the warehouses are located at the back of the shops). Practice writing short paragraphs describing your neighborhood, your workplace, or your school using this phrase to indicate where different areas or objects are located. This will help solidify your understanding of spatial relationships in French and make your descriptions much more accurate and natural.
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At the B1 level, you are developing the ability to express yourself more naturally and fluently in French, and your use of spatial prepositions like à l'arrière de should reflect this growing competence. You are no longer just memorizing phrases; you are understanding the nuances of how they are used in continuous speech and writing. This phrase is essential for telling stories, recounting events, and giving detailed instructions. You should be completely comfortable with the mandatory contractions (du, des) and use them without hesitation. At this intermediate level, you will encounter this phrase in more diverse contexts, such as news reports, travel blogs, and everyday conversations about logistics. For example, you might read an article about an accident that happened 'à l'arrière du camion' (at the back of the truck), or a travel guide recommending a quiet café located 'à l'arrière de la place principale' (at the back of the main square). You also need to master the distinction between this phrase and its close synonyms, particularly 'au fond de' (at the bottom/far end of) and 'au dos de' (on the back of). While 'à l'arrière de la classe' means in the back section of the classroom, 'au fond de la classe' emphasizes the deep end of the room, furthest from the door. Similarly, use 'au dos de' for flat objects: 'Écris ton numéro au dos de la carte' (Write your number on the back of the card), rather than our target phrase. Furthermore, you can start using this phrase with pronouns. If you are talking about a car and want to say 'in the back of it', you would use a disjunctive pronoun: 'à l'arrière de celle-ci'. This demonstrates a higher level of grammatical control. Practice incorporating these nuances into your speaking and writing. Describe complex scenes, explain where you found lost items, or give detailed directions to a specific location within a building, ensuring you choose the most precise prepositional phrase for the situation.
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At the B2 level, your command of French allows you to handle complex discussions and understand subtle shades of meaning. The phrase à l'arrière de is a staple of your vocabulary, and you use it effortlessly in both concrete and slightly more abstract contexts. You are fully aware that this phrase denotes a part-whole relationship, indicating the posterior section of a defined space or entity, in contrast to the external positioning implied by 'derrière'. In professional or academic settings, you might use this phrase to describe organizational structures, physical layouts of technical equipment, or architectural plans. For instance, an engineer might explain that 'le système de refroidissement est installé à l'arrière de la machine' (the cooling system is installed at the back of the machine). An architect might discuss the 'façade située à l'arrière du bâtiment' (the facade located at the back of the building). At this level, you should also be comfortable with stylistic inversions. Instead of always placing the prepositional phrase at the end of the sentence, you can front it for emphasis or to create a more literary tone. 'À l'arrière de la cour, un vieux chêne offrait de l'ombre' (At the back of the courtyard, an old oak tree provided shade). This structure is very common in written French, such as in novels or descriptive essays, and using it will make your writing sound much more sophisticated and native-like. Furthermore, you can understand its use in idiomatic or less literal contexts, such as describing a team's formation in sports ('les joueurs placés à l'arrière de la mêlée'). You are also adept at recognizing and correcting the common mistakes made by lower-level learners, such as forgetting the 'de' or failing to contract it with the definite article. Your goal at the B2 level is to use this phrase with complete grammatical accuracy, appropriate stylistic placement, and a deep understanding of its spatial and contextual implications, ensuring your French is both precise and elegant.
At the C1 level, you possess an advanced, near-native grasp of French, and your use of spatial locutions like à l'arrière de is characterized by complete fluency, precision, and stylistic flexibility. You understand that spatial prepositions in French are not merely functional tools but are integral to the rhythm, flow, and descriptive power of the language. While the core meaning remains 'at the back of', you deploy this phrase effortlessly across a wide spectrum of registers, from highly formal technical writing to evocative literary descriptions. In literature, this phrase is often used to establish setting and mood, frequently appearing at the beginning of sentences to draw the reader's eye to a specific detail in the background. 'À l'arrière de la bâtisse en ruine, une lueur tremblotante trahissait une présence' (At the back of the ruined building, a flickering glow betrayed a presence). You appreciate how this fronting technique shifts the focus and builds anticipation. You are also entirely comfortable using this phrase in complex, multi-clause sentences without losing track of the grammatical agreements, specifically the mandatory contractions of the preposition 'de' with subsequent articles or its interaction with complex noun phrases. Furthermore, at this advanced stage, you can engage in nuanced discussions about the semantic boundaries between this phrase and its synonyms. You can articulate why an author might choose 'à l'arrière de' over 'au fond de' to emphasize structural position rather than depth, or why 'derrière' would be inappropriate when describing an internal component of a machine. You can also seamlessly integrate it with other spatial modifiers to create highly specific descriptions, such as 'juste à l'arrière de', 'complètement à l'arrière de', or 'situé vers l'arrière de'. Your usage is instinctive, accurate, and perfectly attuned to the context, demonstrating a profound internalization of French spatial cognition and syntactic structures.
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At the C2 level, your mastery of French is equivalent to that of a highly educated native speaker. Your understanding and application of the phrase à l'arrière de transcend basic grammar and vocabulary; you appreciate its etymological roots, its cognitive implications, and its subtle stylistic variations across different francophone regions and historical periods. You recognize that the word 'arrière' derives from the Latin 'ad retro', carrying a deep historical sense of moving backward or being situated in the rear. This historical context informs your understanding of how the phrase functions not just spatially, but conceptually. You can seamlessly employ this phrase in the most demanding contexts, such as drafting legal documents describing property boundaries ('la parcelle située à l'arrière de la propriété principale'), writing technical manuals for complex machinery, or composing highly evocative literary prose. You intuitively grasp the micro-distinctions in spatial mapping that French requires, effortlessly choosing between 'à l'arrière de', 'en arrière de' (often used in Canadian French or specific nautical/aeronautical contexts), 'au fond de', and 'derrière', based on the precise physical geometry and the specific stylistic effect you wish to achieve. Furthermore, you can play with the syntactic placement of the phrase to manipulate sentence rhythm and focus, employing complex inversions and parenthetical insertions with absolute confidence. 'Le dispositif, bien qu'essentiel, fut relégué, pour des raisons d'esthétique, à l'arrière de l'appareil.' Your command of the mandatory contractions (du, des) is entirely subconscious, and you can navigate complex phonetic liaisons and elisions associated with the phrase without hesitation. At this pinnacle of language proficiency, 'à l'arrière de' is not just a vocabulary item; it is a finely tuned instrument that you use to articulate complex spatial relationships with unparalleled precision, elegance, and rhetorical sophistication.
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مثال‌ها
The French prepositional phrase à l'arrière de is an essential spatial marker used to indicate that something is located at the back of, in the back of, or behind a specific object, vehicle, building, or designated area. Understanding how to navigate physical space in French requires a masterful grasp of this phrase, as it is utilized in a multitude of everyday contexts ranging from giving directions to describing the layout of a room or the seating arrangement within a vehicle. When you use this expression, you are drawing attention to the posterior section or the rear part of a three-dimensional space or a physical entity. This is fundamentally different from simply saying behind, which is translated as derrière, because à l'arrière de specifically emphasizes being within or structurally associated with the rear portion of the object in question. For example, if you are sitting in the back seat of a car, you are à l'arrière de la voiture. If you are standing outside the car, behind its rear bumper, you are derrière la voiture. This distinction is paramount for English speakers learning French, as English often uses in the back of and behind somewhat interchangeably in casual conversation. The French language demands a higher degree of spatial precision. Furthermore, this phrase is a compound preposition, meaning it is constructed using multiple words that function together as a single grammatical unit. It consists of the preposition à, the definite article l', the noun arrière, and the preposition de. Because it ends with the preposition de, it must follow the rules of contraction when preceding definite articles. If the noun that follows is masculine singular, de + le becomes du. If the noun is plural, de + les becomes des. If the noun is feminine singular or begins with a vowel, it remains de la or de l'.
Spatial Application
Used primarily to describe the rear physical section of a defined space, such as a vehicle, a building, a stage, or a line of people.

Les passagers sont assis à l'arrière de l'autobus pour profiter du paysage.

Beyond physical objects, this phrase can occasionally be used in a more metaphorical or abstract sense, though this is less common than its physical application. In theatrical contexts, being at the back of the stage is crucial for staging and direction. In sports, a player might be positioned at the back of the field or court. The versatility of this phrase makes it a cornerstone of descriptive French. It allows speakers to paint a vivid, accurate picture of where things are in relation to one another. Mastery of this phrase will significantly enhance your ability to tell stories, give precise instructions, and describe scenes with the accuracy of a native speaker.
Grammatical Structure
Compound preposition requiring the preposition 'de' to link to the subsequent noun, necessitating mandatory definite article contractions.

Le jardin se trouve à l'arrière de la maison, offrant un espace privé.

Il a rangé ses outils à l'arrière du garage pour faire de la place.

Contextual Nuance
Implies inclusion within the rear part of a structure, whereas 'derrière' implies being outside and behind the structure entirely.

Les bagages sont stockés à l'arrière de l'avion pendant le long vol international.

Elle préfère s'asseoir à l'arrière de la salle de classe pour observer les autres étudiants attentivement.

Ultimately, incorporating this phrase into your active vocabulary is a significant step toward achieving fluency and sounding more natural in your daily French interactions.
Constructing sentences with the phrase à l'arrière de requires a solid understanding of French syntax, specifically regarding prepositions and noun phrases. The phrase itself functions as an adverbial phrase of place, modifying the verb to explain where an action is occurring or where a subject is located. In a standard French declarative sentence, this phrase typically appears at the end of the sentence, following the subject, verb, and any direct objects. For instance, in the sentence 'Je mets les valises à l'arrière de la voiture' (I put the suitcases in the back of the car), the subject is 'Je', the verb is 'mets', the direct object is 'les valises', and our phrase serves as the locational complement at the end. However, for stylistic reasons or to emphasize the location, the phrase can be moved to the beginning of the sentence, separated by a comma. For example, 'À l'arrière de la maison, il y a un grand jardin' (At the back of the house, there is a large garden). This inversion is quite common in descriptive writing, literature, and formal speech, as it sets the scene before introducing the subjects operating within that scene.
Sentence Placement
Typically placed at the end of a clause as a locational complement, but can be fronted for emphasis or stylistic variation in descriptive texts.

Nous avons trouvé un vieux coffre caché à l'arrière du grenier poussiéreux.

The most critical grammatical rule to remember when using this phrase is the contraction of the preposition 'de'. The word 'de' must contract with the definite articles 'le' and 'les'. This means if you want to say 'in the back of the building' (le bâtiment), you cannot say 'à l'arrière de le bâtiment'. You must contract 'de' and 'le' to form 'du', resulting in 'à l'arrière du bâtiment'. Similarly, for plural nouns like 'the shops' (les magasins), 'de' and 'les' become 'des', making it 'à l'arrière des magasins'. If the noun is feminine (la) or begins with a vowel or mute h (l'), no contraction occurs: 'à l'arrière de la gare' (at the back of the station) or 'à l'arrière de l'école' (at the back of the school).
Mandatory Contractions
The preposition 'de' fuses with 'le' to become 'du', and with 'les' to become 'des'. This is a non-negotiable rule in French grammar.

Les enfants jouent bruyamment à l'arrière de la cour de récréation pendant la pause.

Le chef prépare les desserts à l'arrière du restaurant, loin des regards des clients.

Use with Pronouns
When replacing the noun with a pronoun, you use disjunctive pronouns (moi, toi, lui, elle, nous, vous, eux, elles) after 'de'.

Il y a un petit symbole imprimé juste à l'arrière de l'enveloppe mystérieuse.

La signature de l'artiste se trouve à l'arrière du tableau encadré.

By mastering these syntactic rules and contraction patterns, you ensure that your sentences are not only grammatically flawless but also naturally structured, allowing you to communicate complex spatial relationships with ease and confidence in any French-speaking environment.
The phrase à l'arrière de is omnipresent in the daily lives of French speakers. Because it describes physical space so precisely, you will encounter it in almost every domain of life, from mundane daily routines to specialized professional environments. One of the most common places you will hear this expression is in the context of transportation and vehicles. Whether you are taking a taxi in Paris, riding the TGV across the countryside, or boarding a flight, spatial instructions are crucial. A driver might say, 'Mettez vos sacs à l'arrière de la voiture' (Put your bags in the back of the car). A flight attendant might direct you by saying, 'Les toilettes se trouvent à l'arrière de l'appareil' (The restrooms are located at the back of the aircraft). In public transportation, such as buses or trams, signs or announcements often direct passengers to move toward the rear to make space: 'Veuillez avancer vers l'arrière du bus' (Please move toward the back of the bus).
Transportation Contexts
Extremely common in cars, buses, trains, and planes to refer to seating, luggage storage, or facilities located in the rear.

Le contrôleur vérifie les billets des passagers situés à l'arrière du train.

Another major domain where this phrase shines is in real estate, architecture, and home description. When describing a property, real estate agents (agents immobiliers) frequently use this phrase to detail the layout. 'Il y a une belle terrasse à l'arrière de la maison' (There is a beautiful terrace at the back of the house). It helps potential buyers visualize the separation between the public-facing front of the house and the private rear areas. Similarly, in retail and commercial spaces, you might hear employees referring to the stockroom or employee-only areas as being 'à l'arrière de la boutique' (at the back of the shop). In the entertainment industry, particularly in theaters and cinemas, seating is often described using this terminology. 'Nous avons des places à l'arrière de la salle' (We have seats at the back of the room/theater).
Real Estate and Architecture
Used to describe the layout of properties, specifically distinguishing the rear private spaces from the front public-facing facades.

Les employés prennent leur pause café à l'arrière du magasin de vêtements.

Une petite cour pavée se cache à l'arrière de cet immeuble historique parisien.

Everyday Objects
Applied to small items like books, documents, or devices to indicate the reverse side or the back panel.

Vous trouverez les instructions de montage collées à l'arrière de la télévision.

Le code secret est gravé à l'arrière de la montre en or.

By familiarizing yourself with these diverse contexts, you will not only understand the phrase when you hear it but also know exactly when it is appropriate to deploy it in your own conversations, bridging the gap between textbook learning and real-world fluency.
When learning the phrase à l'arrière de, English speakers frequently fall into a few predictable traps. The most prominent and consistent mistake is confusing it with the simpler preposition 'derrière' (behind). While both deal with the concept of the rear, they are used differently in physical space. 'Derrière' implies that an object is entirely outside and physically behind another object. For example, 'Le chien est derrière la voiture' means the dog is outside, standing behind the car's bumper. Conversely, 'Le chien est à l'arrière de la voiture' means the dog is inside the car, sitting in the back seat or the trunk area. Mixing these up can lead to highly confusing or comical misunderstandings. If you tell a mechanic the problem is 'derrière la voiture', they will look at the street behind the vehicle, not in the trunk. Therefore, it is crucial to internalize that our target phrase usually implies a part-whole relationship or being contained within the rear section of a defined space.
Derrière vs À l'arrière de
Derrière means physically outside and behind. À l'arrière de means in the back part of, usually inside or structurally part of the object.

Ne confondez pas être caché derrière le mur et être assis à l'arrière de la salle.

The second major category of mistakes involves grammar, specifically the failure to contract the preposition 'de' with definite articles. Because English speakers are used to saying 'of the' as two separate words, they often translate directly and say 'à l'arrière de le bâtiment' instead of the correct 'à l'arrière du bâtiment'. This lack of contraction immediately marks the speaker as a non-native and disrupts the natural rhythm and flow of spoken French. It is absolutely mandatory to contract 'de + le' to 'du' and 'de + les' to 'des'. Another grammatical error is omitting the 'de' entirely, resulting in phrases like 'à l'arrière la voiture', which is grammatically incomplete and incorrect. The 'de' is the bridge that connects the location to the object it belongs to.
Forgetting Contractions
Failing to combine 'de' and 'le' into 'du', or 'de' and 'les' into 'des'. This is a very common error for English speakers.

Il est incorrect de dire 'de le', il faut toujours dire à l'arrière du camion.

Assurez-vous de vérifier les étiquettes à l'arrière des boîtes de conserve.

Omitting the De
Dropping the preposition entirely, which breaks the grammatical link between the phrase and the noun.

La phrase doit être complète : le numéro est à l'arrière de la carte d'identité.

N'oubliez jamais la préposition quand vous parlez de ce qui se passe à l'arrière de la scène.

By being aware of these common pitfalls—specifically the semantic difference with 'derrière' and the strict morphological rules regarding the preposition 'de'—you can dramatically improve the accuracy and naturalness of your spoken and written French.
The French language boasts a rich vocabulary for describing spatial relationships, and while à l'arrière de is incredibly useful, it is part of a larger family of prepositions and locational phrases. Understanding its synonyms and related terms will allow you to express yourself with greater nuance and precision. The most immediate relative is 'derrière', which simply translates to 'behind'. As discussed, 'derrière' is used when one object is entirely external to and positioned behind another object. For example, 'L'arbre est derrière la maison' (The tree is behind the house). Another closely related phrase is 'au fond de', which translates to 'at the bottom of' or 'at the far end of'. This phrase is often used interchangeably with our target phrase when describing rooms or deep spaces. For instance, 'Il est assis au fond de la classe' means he is sitting at the very back (the deep end) of the classroom. 'Au fond de' emphasizes depth and distance from the entrance or front, whereas our target phrase simply emphasizes the rear section.
Derrière
Translates to 'behind'. Used for external positioning. The object is separate from and behind the reference point.

Le chat se cache derrière le canapé, pas à l'arrière de celui-ci.

Another useful alternative is 'au dos de', which translates to 'on the back of'. This phrase is specifically used for two-dimensional objects or flat surfaces that have a distinct front and back, such as a piece of paper, a photograph, an envelope, or a book. You would say 'Écris ton nom au dos de la photo' (Write your name on the back of the photo). While you could technically use our target phrase here, 'au dos de' is much more natural and precise for flat items. Furthermore, the phrase 'en arrière de' exists but is less common in modern everyday French compared to our target phrase; it often implies a position further back or lagging behind, sometimes used in a more abstract or temporal sense, or in specific regional dialects like Canadian French.
Au fond de
Translates to 'at the far end of' or 'at the bottom of'. Emphasizes depth, such as the far end of a hallway or room.

La cuisine est située au fond du couloir, juste à l'arrière de la zone de réception.

Il a trouvé ses clés perdues au fond de son sac, qui était posé à l'arrière de la voiture.

Au dos de
Translates to 'on the back of'. Used almost exclusively for flat, two-dimensional objects like paper, cards, or books.

Veuillez signer au dos du chèque, pas à l'arrière de l'enveloppe.

Le résumé de l'histoire se trouve au dos du livre que j'ai laissé à l'arrière de mon bureau.

By mastering these subtle distinctions, you elevate your French from simple translation to true fluency. Knowing whether to use our target phrase, 'derrière', 'au fond de', or 'au dos de' demonstrates a deep understanding of how French speakers conceptualize and articulate physical space.
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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

Le sac est à l'arrière de la voiture.

The bag is in the back of the car.

Notice the contraction: de + la remains de la because voiture is feminine.

2

Je suis à l'arrière du bus.

I am at the back of the bus.

Notice the contraction: de + le becomes du because bus is masculine.

3

Le chien est à l'arrière de la maison.

The dog is at the back of the house.

Use 'de la' before feminine singular nouns like maison.

4

Il dort à l'arrière du train.

He is sleeping in the back of the train.

Train is masculine, so use 'du'.

5

La porte est à l'arrière du magasin.

The door is at the back of the store.

Magasin is masculine, requiring 'du'.

6

Nous sommes à l'arrière de la classe.

We are at the back of the class.

Classe is feminine, so use 'de la'.

7

Le vélo est à l'arrière du garage.

The bike is at the back of the garage.

Garage is masculine, so use 'du'.

8

Elle est assise à l'arrière du taxi.

She is sitting in the back of the taxi.

Taxi is masculine, so use 'du'.

1

Le jardin se trouve à l'arrière de l'école.

The garden is located at the back of the school.

Before a vowel, 'de la' or 'du' becomes 'de l''.

2

Les toilettes sont situées à l'arrière du restaurant.

The restrooms are located at the back of the restaurant.

Restaurant is masculine, so use 'du'.

3

Mettez vos valises à l'arrière de la camionnette.

Put your suitcases in the back of the van.

Camionnette is feminine, so use 'de la'.

4

Il y a une petite cour à l'arrière du bâtiment.

There is a small courtyard at the back of the building.

Bâtiment is masculine, so use 'du'.

5

Les enfants jouent à l'arrière de la maison.

The children are playing at the back of the house.

Maison is feminine, so use 'de la'.

6

La cuisine est à l'arrière de la salle à manger.

The kitchen is at the back of the dining room.

Salle is feminine, so use 'de la'.

7

Le parking est à l'arrière du supermarché.

The parking lot is at the back of the supermarket.

Supermarché is masculine, so use 'du'.

8

Nous avons trouvé des chaises à l'arrière du théâtre.

We found some chairs at the back of the theater.

Théâtre is masculine, so use 'du'.

1

Veuillez avancer vers les places situées à l'arrière de l'avion.

Please move forward to the seats located at the back of the plane.

Avion starts with a vowel, so use 'de l''.

2

Le bureau du directeur est complètement à l'arrière de l'usine.

The manager's office is completely at the back of the factory.

Usine starts with a vowel, so use 'de l''.

3

Il a caché le cadeau de Noël à l'arrière du placard.

He hid the Christmas present at the back of the closet.

Placard is masculine, so use 'du'.

4

Les passagers à l'arrière du véhicule ont été légèrement blessés.

The passengers in the back of the vehicle were slightly injured.

Véhicule is masculine, so use 'du'.

5

La terrasse à l'arrière de la maison offre une vue magnifique.

The terrace at the back of the house offers a magnificent view.

The phrase can be used to modify a noun (la terrasse).

6

Ils ont installé des haut-parleurs supplémentaires à l'arrière de la salle.

They installed extra speakers at the back of the room.

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