chèrement در ۳۰ ثانیه
- Chèrement: dearly (affection) or expensively (cost).
- Use context to differentiate between love/value and high price.
- Commonly placed after the verb or at the end of a sentence.
- Avoid confusing with adjectives like 'cher'.
The French adverb 'chèrement' is a versatile word with two primary meanings that can sometimes overlap, making it important to understand the context in which it's used. The first and most common meaning relates to affection and value: it signifies 'dearly' or 'with great affection.' This usage often appears when expressing deep love, attachment, or how much something or someone is cherished. Think of it as conveying a profound sense of endearment or importance.
Elle aime chèrement ses enfants.
The second meaning of 'chèrement' relates to cost: it means 'at a high price' or 'expensively.' This usage is straightforward and indicates that something was bought or obtained with a significant financial outlay. It implies that the item or service was not cheap and required a considerable amount of money.
Ce voyage lui a coûté chèrement.
The context is key to distinguishing between these two meanings. If the sentence is about relationships, emotions, or things that are highly valued personally, 'chèrement' likely refers to affection. If the sentence is about financial transactions, purchases, or economic situations, it most probably refers to a high cost. Sometimes, the meaning can be a blend, especially when something precious is lost or sacrificed at a great cost, making its memory even more dearly held. For example, a soldier might be remembered 'chèrement' both for their sacrifice (high cost) and for how much they are loved and missed (great affection).
- Affection Example
- 'Je tiens chèrement à cette amitié.' (I hold this friendship dearly.) - Here, it's about emotional value.
- Cost Example
- 'La liberté a été acquise chèrement.' (Freedom was acquired dearly/at a high cost.) - Here, it implies sacrifice and effort.
The adverb 'chèrement' can be placed in various positions within a French sentence, though it most commonly appears after the verb it modifies or at the end of a clause or sentence. Its placement can subtly influence emphasis, but the core meaning remains consistent within its given context.
Elle chérit chèrement le souvenir de son enfance.
When 'chèrement' refers to affection or cherishing something, it often follows verbs like 'aimer' (to love), 'chérir' (to cherish), 'tenir à' (to hold dear), or 'apprécier' (to appreciate). In these cases, it intensifies the emotional connection.
- Verb + Chèrement
- 'Je vous aime chèrement.' (I love you dearly.) This is a direct and strong expression of love.
- Chèrement at the end of a phrase
- 'Ce livre, je le garde chèrement.' (This book, I keep it dearly.) The adverb emphasizes the value placed on the book.
When 'chèrement' refers to cost, it typically follows verbs related to buying, costing, or paying, such as 'coûter' (to cost), 'acheter' (to buy), or 'payer' (to pay). It can also appear at the end of a sentence to summarize the expense.
La réparation de la voiture a coûté chèrement.
It's less common, but 'chèrement' can sometimes precede the verb for stylistic emphasis, particularly in more literary contexts. However, for learners, sticking to the post-verb or end-of-sentence placement is generally safer and more natural.
- Costly Purchase
- 'J'ai acheté cette montre chèrement.' (I bought this watch dearly/expensively.)
- High Sacrifice
- 'La victoire a été payée chèrement par les soldats.' (The victory was paid for dearly by the soldiers.) This implies significant loss and sacrifice.
You'll encounter the adverb 'chèrement' in various French-speaking contexts, reflecting its dual meaning of deep affection and high cost. Its usage spans from intimate conversations to more formal discussions about economics or historical events.
Dans une lettre d'amour, on pourrait lire : 'Tu m'es chèrement cher.'
In everyday conversation, especially among family and close friends, 'chèrement' is used to express how much someone or something is valued. For instance, parents might say they love their children 'chèrement,' or someone might refer to a treasured keepsake they hold 'chèrement.' It adds a layer of warmth and deep personal attachment to the expression.
- Expressing Affection
- 'Je tiens chèrement à cette photo de famille.' (I hold this family photo dearly.) This is a common way to express the sentimental value of an object.
- Endearment
- 'Mon petit-fils est chèrement aimé par toute la famille.' (My grandson is dearly loved by the whole family.)
In discussions involving finances or commerce, 'chèrement' signifies a high price. You might hear it when people talk about expensive purchases, investments, or market conditions. It's a more formal way to say something was costly.
Ce terrain a été acheté chèrement par l'entreprise.
Historically or in literature, 'chèrement' is often used to describe significant sacrifices or struggles that came at a great cost, both in terms of human lives and resources. Phrases like 'la liberté a été payée chèrement' (freedom was paid for dearly) are common in historical accounts or patriotic speeches.
- Economic Context
- 'Les matières premières sont vendues chèrement sur le marché international.' (Raw materials are sold dearly/at a high price on the international market.)
- Historical Significance
- 'Leur sacrifice a coûté chèrement à l'ennemi.' (Their sacrifice cost the enemy dearly.)
Learners of French often make mistakes with 'chèrement' due to its dual meaning and sometimes subtle usage. The most frequent errors involve confusing its application in contexts of affection versus cost, or misplacing it within a sentence.
Incorrect: 'J'ai acheté ce cadeau chèrement pour ma mère.' (Meaning: I bought this gift expensively for my mother, implying the gift itself was expensive, not the affection.)
A common pitfall is using 'chèrement' when referring to a high price, but using a word that implies deep affection instead. For example, saying 'Elle chérit chèrement son argent' might be understood, but it sounds odd because 'chérir' (to cherish) is usually associated with positive, non-monetary things. A more appropriate phrasing for loving one's money would be 'Elle aime beaucoup son argent' or 'Elle tient à son argent.' Conversely, using 'chèrement' to mean 'expensively' when the context clearly implies deep emotional value would also be a mistake.
- Mistake: Confusing Affection and Cost
- Incorrect: 'Ce livre m'a coûté chèrement mes efforts.' (This book cost me dearly my efforts - grammatically awkward and mixes meanings.)
- Corrected Usage
- For cost: 'Ce livre m'a coûté beaucoup d'efforts.' (This book cost me a lot of effort.) For affection: 'Je tiens chèrement à ce livre.' (I hold this book dearly.)
Another mistake is incorrect word order. While 'chèrement' can sometimes precede the verb for emphasis, placing it too early in a sentence without proper grammatical structure can sound unnatural or even incorrect to a native speaker. The most common and safest positions are after the verb or at the end of the clause.
Incorrect: 'Chèrement il a payé pour son erreur.' (Awkward placement.)
Finally, learners might forget that 'chèrement' is an adverb and try to use it as an adjective. Adjectives must agree in gender and number with the noun they modify, whereas adverbs are invariable. This leads to incorrect forms like 'chère' or 'chers' when 'chèrement' is intended.
- Adverb vs. Adjective Confusion
- Incorrect: 'Une amitié chère.' (While 'chère' means dear, 'chèrement' as an adverb modifies a verb or the entire sentence, emphasizing the value of the friendship.)
- Corrected Usage
- 'Je tiens chèrement à cette amitié.' (I hold this friendship dearly.)
While 'chèrement' is a useful adverb, several other French words and phrases can express similar ideas, either focusing on affection or cost. Understanding these alternatives can enrich your vocabulary and provide more nuanced ways to communicate.
- Alternatives for Affection:
- Avec beaucoup d'affection (with much affection): A direct and clear phrase. Example: 'Il a toujours traité ses animaux avec beaucoup d'affection.' This is less concise than 'chèrement' but very explicit.
- Tendrement (tenderly):
- This emphasizes gentleness and tenderness in affection. Example: 'Elle a caressé tendrement l'enfant.' 'Chèrement' can encompass tenderness but is broader, implying deep value.
- Profondément (deeply):
- Similar to 'chèrement' in intensity for affection. Example: 'Je vous suis profondément reconnaissant.' (I am deeply grateful.) 'Chèrement' can also be used for gratitude, but 'profondément' is more specific to depth of feeling.
- Précieusement (preciously):
- Often used for guarding or keeping something valuable. Example: 'Il garde précieusement ses souvenirs.' This overlaps with 'chèrement' when referring to cherished memories or items.
- Alternatives for High Cost:
- Coûteusement (costly, expensively):
- This is a direct synonym for 'chèrement' when referring to price. Example: 'La construction de ce monument a été coûteusement réalisée.' It's more focused solely on the expense.
- À grand prix (at a great price):
- A common phrase indicating a high cost or significant sacrifice. Example: 'La paix a été obtenue à grand prix.' This phrase often carries a stronger connotation of sacrifice than 'chèrement' alone.
- Cher (expensive - adjective):
- While 'cher' is an adjective meaning 'expensive,' it's often used predicatively after 'être' or 'coûter' to indicate cost. Example: 'Ce sac est très cher.' (This bag is very expensive.) 'Chèrement' is the adverb form, modifying verbs, e.g., 'J'ai acheté ce sac chèrement.' (I bought this bag dearly/expensively.)
- À un coût élevé (at a high cost):
- A very explicit and descriptive phrase for high cost. Example: 'L'expansion de l'entreprise s'est faite à un coût élevé.' This is more formal and less idiomatic than 'chèrement' or 'coûteusement.'
The choice between 'chèrement' and its alternatives depends on the specific nuance you wish to convey. 'Chèrement' offers a blend of deep value (affection) or significant expense, often with a slightly more literary or emphatic feel than simpler alternatives. For learners, understanding these distinctions helps in choosing the most appropriate word for the intended meaning.
چقدر رسمی است؟
نکته جالب
The Latin root 'carus' also gave rise to related words in other Romance languages, such as 'caro' in Italian and Spanish, meaning 'dear' or 'expensive'. The concept of 'dearness' in both emotional and financial terms is deeply rooted in the Latin language.
راهنمای تلفظ
- Pronouncing the 'r' as an English 'r' instead of the French guttural sound.
- Not nasalizing the 'an' sound, making it sound like 'man' in English.
- Confusing the open 'è' sound with a closed 'é' sound.
سطح دشواری
The dual meaning requires careful attention to context. Understanding the nuances between affection and cost can be challenging for intermediate learners. Advanced learners will appreciate the richness it adds to texts.
Correctly using 'chèrement' requires a good grasp of context and sentence structure. Misapplication can lead to awkward phrasing or misunderstanding. Practice distinguishing its two primary uses.
Pronunciation is relatively straightforward, but choosing the right context for 'chèrement' during spontaneous speech can be challenging. Learners might default to simpler alternatives.
Distinguishing the meaning of 'chèrement' based on context is key. Native speakers use it fluidly, so attentive listening is important to catch the subtle cues.
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پیشنیازها
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پیشرفته
گرامر لازم
Adverb placement
'Chèrement' typically follows the verb it modifies. Ex: 'Elle aime chèrement ses animaux.'
Adverbial agreement
Adverbs like 'chèrement' are invariable and do not change form based on gender or number. Ex: 'Ils ont payé chèrement.'
Distinguishing Adverb vs. Adjective
'Cher' (adjective) agrees with the noun (e.g., 'une idée chère'), while 'chèrement' (adverb) modifies verbs or sentences (e.g., 'Il tient chèrement à cette idée').
Verb + Adverb Collocations
Certain verbs frequently pair with 'chèrement', like 'coûter', 'aimer', 'chérir', and 'tenir à', often forming set phrases.
Passive Voice with Cost
When describing something bought expensively, the passive voice can be used: 'Le tableau a été acheté chèrement.'
مثالها بر اساس سطح
Elle aime beaucoup son chat.
She loves her cat a lot.
Simple present tense with a common verb and adverb.
Ce jouet est très cher.
This toy is very expensive.
Use of the adjective 'cher' to describe cost.
Il travaille dur pour gagner de l'argent.
He works hard to earn money.
Simple sentence structure with an adverb of manner.
J'ai payé 10 euros.
I paid 10 euros.
Basic transaction statement.
Elle chérit ses amis.
She cherishes her friends.
Verb 'chérir' indicating strong positive feeling.
Ce cadeau est pour toi.
This gift is for you.
Simple possessive and prepositional phrase.
J'aime beaucoup ce livre.
I like this book a lot.
Expressing strong liking for an object.
Il a acheté une belle voiture.
He bought a beautiful car.
Past tense verb with an adjective.
Elle aime chèrement sa famille.
She dearly loves her family.
Adverb 'chèrement' intensifying the verb 'aimer' for affection.
Ce tableau a été acheté chèrement.
This painting was bought dearly (expensively).
Passive voice with 'chèrement' indicating a high price.
Je tiens chèrement à cette vieille photo.
I hold this old photo dearly.
'Tenir à' + 'chèrement' expresses strong sentimental attachment.
La liberté a été payée chèrement.
Freedom was paid for dearly (at a high cost).
'Chèrement' used to signify a high cost or sacrifice.
Il a perdu chèrement son pari.
He dearly lost his bet (at a high cost).
'Perdre' + 'chèrement' implies a significant loss.
Elle a défendu chèrement ses idées.
She defended her ideas dearly (with great effort/conviction).
'Défendre' + 'chèrement' suggests strong conviction and effort.
Ce voyage lui a coûté chèrement.
This trip cost him dearly (was very expensive).
'Coûter' + 'chèrement' clearly indicates a high financial price.
Nous chérissons chèrement ces moments ensemble.
We dearly cherish these moments together.
Repetition of 'chérir' with 'chèrement' for emphasis on cherishing.
Elle chérit chèrement le souvenir de ses grands-parents.
She dearly cherishes the memory of her grandparents.
Emphasis on cherishing memories with 'chérir' and 'chèrement'.
Ce projet a été réalisé chèrement, mais le résultat en valait la peine.
This project was carried out dearly (expensively), but the result was worth it.
'Chèrement' indicating high cost, followed by a justification.
Il tient chèrement à son indépendance.
He holds his independence dearly.
'Tenir à' + 'chèrement' emphasizes the strong value placed on a concept.
La lutte pour la justice a souvent coûté chèrement aux militants.
The fight for justice has often cost activists dearly (at a great sacrifice).
'Coûter chèrement' used metaphorically for sacrifice and hardship.
Elle a défendu chèrement son point de vue lors de la réunion.
She defended her point of view dearly (with great conviction) during the meeting.
'Défendre' + 'chèrement' implies strong conviction and persistence.
Les biens acquis chèrement sont souvent mieux appréciés.
Goods acquired dearly (at a high cost) are often better appreciated.
'Acquis chèrement' links high cost to increased appreciation.
Il se souvient chèrement de ses professeurs.
He dearly remembers his teachers.
'Se souvenir de' + 'chèrement' indicates a fond and valued remembrance.
La tranquillité a un prix, et il l'a payé chèrement.
Tranquility has a price, and he paid it dearly (at a great cost).
Metaphorical use of 'payer chèrement' for a significant, possibly painful, attainment.
Elle chérit chèrement les valeurs familiales transmises par ses aïeux.
She dearly cherishes the family values passed down by her ancestors.
Elevated vocabulary ('aïeux') with 'chérir chèrement' for deep reverence.
L'acquisition de ces technologies de pointe s'est avérée chèrement coûteuse pour l'entreprise.
The acquisition of these cutting-edge technologies proved dearly costly for the company.
'Chèrement coûteuse' emphasizes the extreme expense, a more formal construction.
Il a toujours tenu chèrement à l'idée de justice sociale, même face à l'adversité.
He has always held the idea of social justice dearly, even in the face of adversity.
'Tenir chèrement à' combined with a strong ideal and challenging circumstances.
Les concessions obtenues chèrement lors des négociations ont finalement mené à la paix.
The concessions obtained dearly (at great sacrifice) during negotiations ultimately led to peace.
'Obtenues chèrement' highlights the significant effort and sacrifice behind the concessions.
Elle a défendu chèrement son indépendance artistique contre les pressions commerciales.
She dearly defended her artistic independence against commercial pressures.
'Défendre chèrement' implies a strong, principled stand against external forces.
Les leçons apprises chèrement durant la crise économique ont marqué une génération.
The lessons learned dearly (at great cost) during the economic crisis marked a generation.
'Apprises chèrement' signifies lessons learned through significant hardship or loss.
Il se souvient chèrement des sacrifices de ses parents pour son éducation.
He dearly remembers his parents' sacrifices for his education.
'Se souvenir chèrement' conveys profound and valued remembrance of sacrifices.
La conservation de cet écosystème fragile a coûté chèrement en efforts et en ressources.
The conservation of this fragile ecosystem has cost dearly in efforts and resources.
'Coûter chèrement' used for significant investment of non-monetary resources like effort and time.
Elle chérit chèrement l'héritage culturel de sa région, le préservant avec ferveur.
She dearly cherishes the cultural heritage of her region, preserving it with fervor.
Sophisticated vocabulary ('héritage culturel', 'ferveur') paired with 'chérir chèrement' for deep devotion.
L'innovation audacieuse, bien que chèrement acquise, a redéfini les standards de l'industrie.
The audacious innovation, though dearly acquired (at great cost), redefined industry standards.
'Chèrement acquise' used in a context of significant investment and risk leading to transformative results.
Il a toujours défendu chèrement les principes de liberté d'expression, même au péril de sa réputation.
He has always dearly defended the principles of freedom of expression, even at the peril of his reputation.
'Défendre chèrement' implies unwavering commitment to principles, even with personal consequences.
Les leçons de l'histoire, souvent acquises chèrement par des générations de sacrifices, nous rappellent la fragilité de la paix.
The lessons of history, often dearly acquired through generations of sacrifices, remind us of the fragility of peace.
'Acquises chèrement' used to emphasize the profound, often tragic, cost of historical knowledge.
Elle a tenu chèrement à l'intégrité de son travail, refusant tout compromis qui aurait pu le ternir.
She dearly held to the integrity of her work, refusing any compromise that could tarnish it.
'Tenir chèrement à' combined with 'intégrité' and refusal of compromise, highlighting strong ethical values.
La transition vers une économie durable a coûté chèrement, mais les bénéfices à long terme sont inestimables.
The transition to a sustainable economy has cost dearly, but the long-term benefits are invaluable.
'Coûté chèrement' used for the significant initial investment required for a beneficial long-term goal.
Il se souvient chèrement des moments de camaraderie partagés durant les épreuves difficiles.
He dearly remembers the moments of camaraderie shared during difficult trials.
'Se souvenir chèrement' emphasizes the deep value and fond remembrance of shared experiences during adversity.
Le prix de la liberté, toujours payé chèrement par ceux qui la défendent, reste le socle de nos sociétés.
The price of freedom, always dearly paid by those who defend it, remains the bedrock of our societies.
Philosophical statement using 'payé chèrement' to underscore the continuous and significant cost of maintaining freedom.
Elle chérit chèrement la mémoire de son défunt époux, considérant chaque instant partagé comme un trésor inestimable.
She dearly cherishes the memory of her deceased husband, considering every shared moment a priceless treasure.
Highly emotive language ('défunt époux', 'trésor inestimable') paired with 'chérir chèrement' for profound devotion and remembrance.
L'audace stratégique qui a mené à cette percée scientifique, bien que chèrement financée, a révolutionné notre compréhension de l'univers.
The strategic audacity that led to this scientific breakthrough, though dearly financed, revolutionized our understanding of the universe.
'Chèrement financée' implies substantial financial investment and risk for a revolutionary outcome.
Il a défendu chèrement l'intégrité philosophique de son œuvre, résistant aux sirènes de la popularité facile et des compromis stylistiques.
He dearly defended the philosophical integrity of his work, resisting the sirens of easy popularity and stylistic compromises.
'Défendre chèrement' used in a context of profound intellectual and artistic commitment against external temptations.
Les cicatrices de la guerre, souvent acquises chèrement par des générations de souffrances, nous rappellent le prix exorbitant de la paix durable.
The scars of war, often dearly acquired through generations of suffering, remind us of the exorbitant price of lasting peace.
'Acquises chèrement' with 'souffrances' and 'prix exorbitant' to convey the immense human cost of historical events.
Elle a tenu chèrement à l'autonomie de son jugement, refusant de se laisser influencer par les dogmes ambiants.
She dearly held to the autonomy of her judgment, refusing to be influenced by prevailing dogmas.
'Tenir chèrement à' emphasizes the deep value placed on intellectual independence against societal pressures.
La transition écologique, bien que chèrement entamée par des investissements massifs, promet un avenir plus résilient et équitable.
The ecological transition, though dearly begun with massive investments, promises a more resilient and equitable future.
'Chèrement entamée' highlights the significant initial financial and logistical challenges of a crucial long-term endeavor.
Il se souvient chèrement des sacrifices consentis par ses ancêtres pour bâtir la nation, un legs qu'il s'efforce de perpétuer.
He dearly remembers the sacrifices made by his ancestors to build the nation, a legacy he strives to perpetuate.
'Se souvenir chèrement' paired with 'sacrifices consentis par ses ancêtres' and 'legs' for deep historical and familial connection.
Le prix de la vérité, souvent payé chèrement par ceux qui osent la proclamer, demeure le fondement d'une société éclairée.
The price of truth, often dearly paid by those who dare to proclaim it, remains the foundation of an enlightened society.
Abstract and philosophical use of 'payé chèrement' to underscore the profound and ongoing cost of upholding truth in society.
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
— To hold something/someone dearly; to value them greatly.
Je tiens chèrement à cette tradition familiale.
— To cost dearly; to be very expensive or to involve significant sacrifice.
La reconstruction de la ville a coûté chèrement.
— To love dearly; to love with great affection.
Elle aime chèrement ses grands-parents.
— To pay dearly; to pay a high price, often implying a significant sacrifice or consequence.
Il a payé chèrement pour son imprudence.
— To defend dearly; to defend with great conviction, effort, or at significant cost.
Les soldats ont défendu chèrement leur position.
— Acquired dearly; obtained at a high cost or through great effort/sacrifice.
Cette indépendance a été acquise chèrement.
— To cherish dearly; to value and hold something/someone with deep affection.
Elle chérit chèrement les moments passés avec ses enfants.
— To remember dearly; to recall with great fondness and value.
Il se souvient chèrement de ses professeurs.
— Freedom paid for dearly; freedom obtained through significant sacrifice.
La liberté est un bien précieux, souvent payé chèrement.
— A lesson learned dearly; a lesson learned through significant hardship or negative consequences.
Ce fut une leçon apprise chèrement.
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
'Cher' is an adjective meaning 'dear' (affection) or 'expensive' (cost). It must agree with the noun it modifies (e.g., 'un ami cher', 'une voiture chère'). 'Chèrement' is an adverb and is invariable, modifying verbs or sentences (e.g., 'Il aime chèrement ses amis', 'La voiture coûte chèrement').
'Chéri' is a noun meaning 'darling' or 'sweetheart', or an adjective meaning 'cherished'. It also agrees with the noun. 'Chèrement' is the adverb form.
This is a false cognate. 'Chercher' means 'to look for' or 'to seek' and is unrelated in meaning to 'chèrement', despite the similar spelling.
اصطلاحات و عبارات
— To cost an arm and a leg; to be extremely expensive. While 'chèrement' means expensively, this idiom is a more vivid way to express extremely high cost.
Ce yacht doit coûter les yeux de la tête.
— To hold something dear to one's heart; to care deeply about something. This is a very close synonym to 'tenir chèrement à' when referring to affection and value.
Ce projet lui tient à cœur.
— To have a price; to come at a cost, often implying sacrifice or effort. This can be related to 'payer chèrement' when the price is high.
La gloire a souvent un prix.
— The ultimate sacrifice. This phrase embodies the idea of paying 'chèrement' in the sense of ultimate cost, often in contexts of war or extreme dedication.
Ils ont consenti au sacrifice suprême.
— A priceless treasure. This relates to the 'dearly' aspect of 'chèrement' when something is valued immensely.
Son amitié est pour moi un trésor inestimable.
— To be valuable; to have worth. Similar to 'chèrement' in the sense of valuing something highly.
Chaque moment passé avec lui a du prix.
— Blood and tears; implying great suffering and sacrifice. This phrase captures the essence of a high cost, similar to 'payer chèrement' or 'coûter chèrement' in dire situations.
La victoire a été obtenue dans le sang et les larmes.
— To have a high cost of living; for prices to be high. This is a common expression related to the 'cost' aspect of 'chèrement'.
Dans cette ville, on a la vie chère.
— To be worth its weight in gold; to be extremely valuable or useful. This relates to the 'dearly' aspect of 'chèrement' when something is highly prized for its worth.
Ce conseil vaut son pesant d'or.
— To be priceless; to have immeasurable value. The opposite of something that costs 'chèrement' in terms of monetary value, but aligned with the 'dearly' affection aspect.
L'amour d'une mère n'a pas de prix.
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Both words relate to the concept of value, either emotional or financial.
'Cher' is an adjective and describes a noun (e.g., 'un cadeau cher' - an expensive gift, or 'un ami cher' - a dear friend). 'Chèrement' is an adverb and modifies a verb, describing *how* something is done or felt (e.g., 'Il a acheté le cadeau chèrement' - He bought the gift dearly/expensively; 'Il aime chèrement ses amis' - He dearly loves his friends).
Adjective: 'Cette robe est très <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>chère</mark>.' (This dress is very expensive.) Adverb: 'Elle a acheté cette robe <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>chèrement</mark>.' (She bought this dress dearly/expensively.)
Both are adverbs related to high cost.
'Chèrement' can mean 'at a high cost' or 'with great affection.' 'Coûteusement' exclusively means 'expensively' or 'at a high cost.' While interchangeable for the cost meaning, 'chèrement' has a broader semantic range.
Cost: 'Ce projet a coûté <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>chèrement</mark>.' (This project cost dearly.) or 'Ce projet a coûté <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>coûteusement</mark>.' (This project cost expensively.) Affection: 'Elle aime <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>chèrement</mark> sa famille.' (She dearly loves her family.) - 'Coûteusement' cannot be used here.
Both are adverbs related to expressing positive feelings.
'Chèrement' implies deep value, affection, or a high cost. 'Tendrement' specifically means 'tenderly' and focuses on gentleness and softness in affection. 'Chèrement' can encompass tenderness but is broader.
Affection: 'Elle a embrassé son enfant <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>tendrement</mark>.' (She tenderly kissed her child.) 'Elle aime <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>chèrement</mark> son enfant.' (She dearly loves her child - implying deep value beyond just tenderness.)
Both express a high degree of something, either emotional or financial.
'Chèrement' has the dual meaning of affection/cost. 'Profondément' means 'deeply' and is primarily used for intense emotions or states (e.g., 'profondément triste', 'profondément reconnaissant'). While 'chèrement' can imply deep affection, 'profondément' is more specific to the depth of the feeling itself.
Affection: 'Je suis <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>profondément</mark> reconnaissant.' (I am deeply grateful.) 'Elle chérit <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>chèrement</mark> ses souvenirs.' (She dearly cherishes her memories - implying deep value and affection.)
Both phrases relate to high cost or significant sacrifice.
'À grand prix' literally means 'at a great price' and is often used to describe sacrifices or hard-won achievements. 'Chèrement' can also mean 'at a high cost' and can imply sacrifice, but it can also mean 'with great affection'. 'À grand prix' is typically restricted to cost or sacrifice.
Sacrifice/Cost: 'La paix a été obtenue <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>à grand prix</mark>.' (Peace was obtained at a great price.) 'Il a payé <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>chèrement</mark> pour son erreur.' (He paid dearly for his mistake.) Affection: 'Elle aime <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>chèrement</mark> sa famille.' (She dearly loves her family.) - 'À grand prix' cannot be used here.
الگوهای جملهسازی
Subject + Verb + chèrement.
Elle aime <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>chèrement</mark> ses amis.
Subject + Verb + Object + chèrement.
Il chérit <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>chèrement</mark> ce livre.
Subject + Verb + chèrement.
Le voyage a coûté <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>chèrement</mark>.
Subject + Tenir chèrement à + Noun Phrase.
Je tiens <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>chèrement</mark> à cette tradition.
Subject + Payer chèrement pour + Noun Phrase.
Il a payé <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>chèrement</mark> pour sa leçon.
Subject + Verb + chèrement + Infinitive.
Elle a défendu <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>chèrement</mark> de changer d'avis.
Subject + Verb + chèrement + Prepositional Phrase.
Les biens ont été acquis <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>chèrement</mark> par l'entreprise.
Chèrement + Verb (emphasis) + Subject.
<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>Chèrement</mark> a-t-il payé le prix de son audace.
خانواده کلمه
اسمها
فعلها
صفتها
مرتبط
نحوه استفاده
Moderate. While not an everyday word for every speaker, it appears frequently enough in various contexts to be important for learners.
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Using 'chèrement' as an adjective.
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Using 'cher' (adjective) when describing a noun, and 'chèrement' (adverb) when modifying a verb or sentence.
Adverbs like 'chèrement' are invariable. If you are describing a noun's quality (dear or expensive), use the adjective 'cher' which agrees in gender and number. For example, 'une amitié chère' (a dear friendship), but 'Je tiens <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>chèrement</mark> à cette amitié' (I hold this friendship dearly).
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Confusing the meaning of affection and cost.
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Understanding the context to differentiate between 'dearly' (affection) and 'expensively' (cost).
The verb and surrounding words are key. 'Elle aime <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>chèrement</mark> ses enfants' clearly means affection. 'Ce voyage a coûté <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>chèrement</mark>' clearly means cost. Mixing these up leads to misunderstanding.
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Incorrect adverb placement.
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Placing 'chèrement' typically after the verb or at the end of the clause.
While emphasis can sometimes shift placement, the most natural position is after the verb. Placing it too early without proper structure can sound awkward. For instance, 'Il a payé <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>chèrement</mark> pour son erreur' is more common than '<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>Chèrement</mark> il a payé...'.
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Using 'chèrement' when a simpler adverb would suffice.
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Choosing the most appropriate word for the context. Sometimes 'beaucoup' or 'très' might be sufficient.
'Chèrement' adds a layer of intensity or specific nuance. Overusing it when a simpler adverb like 'beaucoup' (a lot) or 'très' (very) would do can sound unnatural. For example, 'J'aime beaucoup ma mère' is perfectly fine and often more common than 'J'aime chèrement ma mère' in casual talk.
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Mispronouncing the nasal vowel 'an'.
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Pronouncing 'an' as a nasal vowel sound, not like the English 'an'.
The 'an' in 'chèrement' is a nasal sound, similar to the 'on' in 'bon'. Pronouncing it as a distinct 'a' followed by 'n' can make the word hard to understand. Listen to native speakers and practice the nasalization.
نکات
Always Check the Context
The most crucial tip for using 'chèrement' correctly is to analyze the surrounding words. If the sentence talks about love, friendship, or cherished memories, it's about affection. If it discusses money, purchases, or financial hardship, it's about cost.
Common Placement
For clarity and natural flow, 'chèrement' is most commonly placed after the verb it modifies or at the end of the sentence or clause. For example, 'Elle aime chèrement son chien' or 'Ce livre lui a coûté chèrement'.
Adverb, Not Adjective
Remember that 'chèrement' is an adverb and is invariable – it does not change form to agree with nouns. Avoid using it where an adjective like 'cher' or 'chère' is needed. For instance, say 'Elle tient chèrement à cet objet' (adverb) not 'Elle tient chère cet objet' (incorrect adjective use).
Explore Alternatives
While 'chèrement' is useful, familiarize yourself with synonyms like 'tendrement' or 'profondément' for affection, and 'coûteusement' or 'à grand prix' for cost. This will allow you to express nuances more precisely.
Master the Sound
Practice the French 'r' and the nasal 'an' sound. Correct pronunciation will help native speakers understand you better and will also reinforce the word's identity in your memory.
Use It Actively
The best way to learn is to use the word. Try to incorporate 'chèrement' into your own sentences, both in writing and speaking. The more you use it, the more natural it will become.
Affection vs. Cost
Make a conscious effort to distinguish between the two meanings. Create flashcards with examples for each, or write sentences where the context clearly points to one meaning over the other.
Understand the Cultural Weight
Recognize that 'chèrement' can carry a certain weight, especially when referring to sacrifice or deep value. It's often used in contexts that have emotional or historical significance.
Learn Set Phrases
Memorizing common collocations like 'tenir chèrement à' or 'coûter chèrement' can be very helpful, as these phrases are frequently used by native speakers and provide reliable patterns for usage.
Read and Listen
Expose yourself to French texts and audio where 'chèrement' is used. Pay attention to how it's integrated into sentences and what specific meaning is conveyed in each instance.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Think of 'cher-MENT'. 'Cher' sounds like 'share'. Imagine sharing something you love 'dearly' (like a secret, or a piece of cake) OR imagine sharing something that cost you a lot of money ('ment' could sound like 'mint' - as in money). The 't' at the end is silent in pronunciation but important in spelling.
تداعی تصویری
Picture a heart (for affection) with a price tag on it (for cost). The heart is beating strongly, indicating 'dearly', and the price tag is very high, indicating 'expensively'.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Try to write three sentences using 'chèrement' for affection and three sentences using it for cost. Then, try to combine both meanings in a single sentence if you can!
ریشه کلمه
The word 'chèrement' originates from the Old French word 'chier', which itself comes from the Latin word 'carus'. 'Carus' meant 'dear', 'beloved', or 'expensive'. This dual meaning of affection and cost has been preserved in the French adverb.
معنای اصلی: Dear, beloved, expensive.
Indo-European > Italic > Latin > Romance > Gallo-Romance > Old French > Modern Frenchبافت فرهنگی
When using 'chèrement' to describe cost, be mindful of the context. It can imply a significant financial burden or a profound sacrifice. Ensure the context is appropriate and not trivializing.
In English, 'dearly' can also have dual meanings: 'with great affection' (e.g., 'I love you dearly') and 'at great cost' (e.g., 'The war cost dearly'). This parallel makes 'chèrement' a concept that English speakers can relate to quite directly.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
Expressing deep love or affection.
- J'aime chèrement mes enfants.
- Elle tient chèrement à son ami.
- Il chérit chèrement le souvenir de sa mère.
Describing high prices or significant expenses.
- Ce voyage a coûté chèrement.
- La réparation de la voiture a été chèrement payée.
- Ce produit est acquis chèrement.
Discussing historical sacrifices or struggles.
- La liberté a été payée chèrement.
- Leur dévouement a coûté chèrement.
- Une leçon apprise chèrement.
Talking about cherished possessions or memories.
- Elle garde chèrement cette lettre.
- Il se souvient chèrement de son enfance.
- Ce sont des moments que l'on chérit chèrement.
Referring to significant effort or investment.
- Elle a défendu chèrement son point de vue.
- Le projet a été réalisé chèrement.
- Il a acquis chèrement cette compétence.
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"What is something you hold dearly?"
"Have you ever bought something that cost you dearly?"
"What are some memories you cherish dearly?"
"Do you think things that cost dearly are always better?"
"What does 'dearly' mean to you in terms of relationships?"
موضوعات نگارش
Write about a time you paid dearly for something, either financially or emotionally. What did you learn?
Describe a person or object you cherish dearly. Why is it so important to you?
Reflect on a significant sacrifice you or someone you know made. How did it 'cost dearly'?
Imagine you had to buy something extremely expensive. What would it be and why would you consider it a 'chèrement' purchase?
Write a short story where the word 'chèrement' plays a key role, exploring its dual meaning.
سوالات متداول
10 سوالThe main difference lies in context. If the sentence is about emotions, relationships, or things held valuable personally, 'chèrement' means 'dearly' or 'with great affection.' If the sentence is about money, purchases, or economic situations, it means 'expensively' or 'at a high cost.' For example, 'Elle aime chèrement ses enfants' (affection) vs. 'Ce voyage a coûté chèrement' (cost).
It's rare but possible for the meanings to be intertwined. For instance, 'Elle a défendu chèrement ses idéaux' could imply both her deep affection for her ideals and the significant personal cost (sacrifice) she paid to uphold them. However, usually, one meaning dominates based on the surrounding words.
'Chèrement' is moderately common. Native speakers use it to add emphasis to expressions of affection or to describe significant expenses. While simpler words exist, 'chèrement' often adds a touch of warmth or seriousness.
You need to look at the verb and the rest of the sentence. If the verb is 'aimer', 'chérir', 'tenir à', it's likely affection. If the verb is 'coûter', 'payer', 'acheter', it's likely cost. Context is your best guide!
Yes, it can be used informally, especially to emphasize how much something cost or how much you value it. For example, 'J'ai payé ce téléphone chèrement, mais il est génial !' (I paid dearly for this phone, but it's great!). However, in very casual settings, simpler phrases might be more common.
'Cher' is an adjective and describes a noun ('un ami cher' - a dear friend; 'une maison chère' - an expensive house). 'Chèrement' is an adverb and modifies a verb, sentence, or another adverb ('Il aime chèrement ses amis' - He dearly loves his friends; 'Il a acheté la maison chèrement' - He bought the house expensively). Remember, adverbs don't change form.
Yes, for affection, you can use 'tendrement' (tenderly), 'profondément' (deeply), 'précieusement' (preciously), or phrases like 'avec beaucoup d'affection' (with much affection).
Good alternatives include 'coûteusement' (expensively), 'à grand prix' (at a great price), or simply using 'très cher' (very expensive) as an adjective predicatively.
Certainly. A common phrase is 'La liberté a été payée chèrement' (Freedom was paid for dearly), signifying that freedom was achieved through great sacrifice and loss.
The pronunciation is approximately /ʃɛʁ.mɑ̃/. The 'ch' is like 'sh', the 'è' is an open 'e' sound, the 'r' is guttural, and the 'an' is a nasal vowel. Stress is on the first syllable: CHÈ-re-ment.
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Summary
The French adverb 'chèrement' signifies either deep affection ('dearly') or a high cost ('expensively'). Context is paramount in distinguishing these two meanings, with placement typically following the verb or concluding the sentence.
- Chèrement: dearly (affection) or expensively (cost).
- Use context to differentiate between love/value and high price.
- Commonly placed after the verb or at the end of a sentence.
- Avoid confusing with adjectives like 'cher'.
Always Check the Context
The most crucial tip for using 'chèrement' correctly is to analyze the surrounding words. If the sentence talks about love, friendship, or cherished memories, it's about affection. If it discusses money, purchases, or financial hardship, it's about cost.
Common Placement
For clarity and natural flow, 'chèrement' is most commonly placed after the verb it modifies or at the end of the sentence or clause. For example, 'Elle aime chèrement son chien' or 'Ce livre lui a coûté chèrement'.
Adverb, Not Adjective
Remember that 'chèrement' is an adverb and is invariable – it does not change form to agree with nouns. Avoid using it where an adjective like 'cher' or 'chère' is needed. For instance, say 'Elle tient chèrement à cet objet' (adverb) not 'Elle tient chère cet objet' (incorrect adjective use).
Explore Alternatives
While 'chèrement' is useful, familiarize yourself with synonyms like 'tendrement' or 'profondément' for affection, and 'coûteusement' or 'à grand prix' for cost. This will allow you to express nuances more precisely.
محتوای مرتبط
قواعد دستوری مرتبط
واژههای بیشتر family
à charge
B2تحت تکفل؛ فردی از خانواده که از نظر مالی توسط دیگری حمایت میشود.
à deux
A2دو نفره؛ با هم به عنوان یک جفت.
à domicile
A2در منزل
à jamais
A2Forever, for all time.
à la charge de
B2Dependent on; at the expense of.
à la mémoire de
B2به یاد؛ عبارتی رسمی که برای بزرگداشت فردی که درگذشته است به کار میرود.
à la place de
B21. به جای چای همیشگی ام، قهوه خوردم. 2. معلم به جای امتحان، تمرین اضافی به من داد.
à l'amiable
B2Amicably, by mutual agreement.
à l'égard de
A2With regard to; concerning.
à l'image de
B2به تصویرِ؛ مانندِ.
