enfreindre در ۳۰ ثانیه
- To break a rule, law, or agreement.
- Means to violate established norms or commitments.
- Commonly used in legal, ethical, and social contexts.
- Requires a direct object specifying what is broken.
- Core Meaning
- To break a rule, law, agreement, or promise. It implies a deliberate or negligent disregard for established norms or commitments.
- Contexts
- This verb is commonly used in legal, ethical, and social contexts. You might hear it when discussing violations of traffic laws, company policies, contractual obligations, or even personal commitments.
- Nuance
- While it can refer to serious legal breaches, it can also apply to less severe infractions, like breaking a diet or a promise to a friend. The severity is often understood from the surrounding context.
Il est interdit d'enfreindre le code de la route.
- Legal Terminology
- In legal documents and discussions, 'enfreindre' is a precise term used to describe the act of violating a law, statute, or regulation. For example, 'enfreindre la loi' means to break the law.
- Agreements and Contracts
- When parties enter into an agreement or contract, they commit to certain terms. If one party fails to uphold these terms, they are said to 'enfreindre le contrat' or 'enfreindre l'accord'.
- Ethical and Moral Contexts
- Beyond formal rules, 'enfreindre' can also be used for moral or ethical transgressions. For instance, one might 'enfreindre une promesse' (break a promise) or 'enfreindre la confiance' (violate trust).
Il a enfreint son serment de fidélité.
- Basic Structure
- The verb 'enfreindre' is transitive, meaning it requires a direct object. The structure is typically: Subject + enfreindre + Object (the rule, law, agreement, etc.).
- Verb Conjugation
- 'Enfreindre' is a regular -re verb. The conjugation follows the pattern of verbs like 'vendre' or 'attendre'. For example, in the present tense: 'j'enfreins', 'tu enfreins', 'il/elle/on enfreint', 'nous enfreignons', 'vous enfreignez', 'ils/elles enfreignent'.
Les cyclistes ne doivent pas enfreindre le feu rouge.
- With Legal Terms
- In legal contexts, 'enfreindre' is often paired with specific terms like 'la loi' (the law), 'un règlement' (a regulation), 'une ordonnance' (an ordinance), or 'une décision de justice' (a court ruling).
- With Agreements and Policies
- When discussing business or organizational rules, you might hear 'enfreindre' used with 'un contrat' (a contract), 'un accord' (an agreement), 'une clause' (a clause), 'une politique d'entreprise' (a company policy), or 'le règlement intérieur' (internal rules).
- With Personal Commitments
- On a more personal level, it can be used with 'une promesse' (a promise), 'un engagement' (a commitment), or even 'la confiance' (trust).
Il est inacceptable d'enfreindre les règles de sécurité.
- News and Current Events
- You will frequently encounter 'enfreindre' in news reports discussing legal cases, political scandals, or international relations. Journalists often use it to describe violations of laws, treaties, or human rights. For example, a headline might read: "L'entreprise a enfreint les réglementations environnementales" (The company violated environmental regulations).
- Legal and Judicial Settings
- In courtrooms, legal arguments, and official documents, 'enfreindre' is a standard term. Lawyers might argue that a defendant has 'enfreint la loi' (broken the law), or a judge might issue a ruling stating that certain actions 'enfreignent les droits' (violate rights).
- Business and Corporate Communication
- Within companies, 'enfreindre' is used to refer to violations of company policies, codes of conduct, or contractual terms. Employees might be warned against 'enfreindre le règlement intérieur' (breaking the internal rules), or contracts might specify consequences for 'enfreindre une clause' (breaking a clause).
Le conducteur a enfreint la limite de vitesse.
- Academic and Theoretical Discussions
- In academic settings, particularly in law, philosophy, and sociology, 'enfreindre' is used to discuss ethical breaches, violations of social norms, or transgressions against established theories or principles.
- Everyday Conversations about Rules
- Even in everyday conversations, people might use 'enfreindre' to talk about breaking rules, whether it's a minor social convention or a more significant commitment. For example, someone might say, "J'ai promis de ne pas manger de sucre, mais j'ai enfreint ma promesse" (I promised not to eat sugar, but I broke my promise).
- Public Service Announcements
- Government campaigns and public service announcements often use 'enfreindre' to warn citizens against breaking laws or regulations, such as those related to public health, safety, or environmental protection.
Enfreindre les règles de confinement peut avoir des conséquences.
- Confusing with 'briser' or 'rompre'
- While 'briser' (to break) and 'rompre' (to break, to sever) can sometimes be used for breaking things, 'enfreindre' is specific to breaking rules, laws, or agreements. You would say 'enfreindre la loi' (break the law), not 'briser la loi' or 'rompre la loi'. You might 'briser une vitre' (break a window) or 'rompre un contrat' (break a contract, though 'enfreindre un contrat' is also common and more specific to violation of terms).
- Incorrect Verb Conjugation
- As a regular -re verb, 'enfreindre' follows a predictable conjugation pattern. Learners might mistakenly use incorrect endings, especially in the present tense (e.g., saying 'j'enfreint' instead of 'j'enfreins') or in compound tenses like the passé composé (e.g., using the wrong auxiliary verb or past participle).
- Using it for Physical Breaking
- 'Enfreindre' is abstract; it does not refer to the physical act of breaking an object. For example, you would not say 'enfreindre une tasse' (break a cup). For physical breaking, you would use verbs like 'casser', 'briser', or 'rompre'.
Incorrect: Il a brisé la loi.
Correct: Il a enfreint la loi.
- Missing the Direct Object
- 'Enfreindre' is a transitive verb, meaning it usually needs a direct object to specify what rule or law has been broken. Saying simply "Il enfreint" is incomplete. You need to specify what is being broken, e.g., "Il enfreint le règlement" (He is breaking the regulation).
- Using it for Minor Transgressions
- While 'enfreindre' can be used for less serious infractions, it often carries a connotation of a more significant breach. For very minor rule-bending or mistakes, other verbs might be more appropriate, or the context will make the meaning clear. However, it's generally safe to use it for any violation of a rule or agreement.
- Confusing 'enfreindre' with 'enfreindre à'
- The verb 'enfreindre' is used directly with its object without a preposition like 'à'. You say 'enfreindre la loi', not 'enfreindre à la loi'. This is a common error for learners whose native languages might use prepositions in similar constructions.
Incorrect: Il enfreint à la règle.
Correct: Il enfreint la règle.
- Violation (Noun)
- The noun form related to 'enfreindre' is 'violation'. While 'enfreindre' is the verb, 'une violation' refers to the act or instance of breaking a rule. For example, 'une violation de la loi' (a violation of the law).
- Transgression (Noun)
- 'Transgression' is a more formal or literary term for breaking a rule or boundary, often implying a moral or ethical breach. While 'enfreindre' is direct, 'une transgression' can suggest a deeper or more significant crossing of lines.
- Infraction (Noun)
- 'Infraction' often refers to a minor violation of a rule or law, such as a traffic offense. It's a good alternative when the breach is not severe. For example, 'une infraction au code de la route' (a traffic violation).
Similar: Il a commis une infraction.
Alternative: Il a enfreint la loi.
- 'Ne pas respecter' (To not respect/follow)
- This phrase is a very common and direct alternative to 'enfreindre'. It means 'to not respect' or 'to not follow'. For example, 'Ne pas respecter le règlement' is equivalent to 'Enfreindre le règlement'. It's often used in less formal contexts.
- 'Désobéir' (To disobey)
- 'Désobéir' is specifically used when someone disobeys an order or a person in authority. While related, it's more about defiance than breaking a written rule or agreement. For example, 'désobéir à un ordre' (disobey an order).
- 'Violer' (To violate)
- 'Violer' is a very close synonym, especially in legal and formal contexts. It is often used for serious breaches like 'violer la loi' (violate the law) or 'violer un traité' (violate a treaty). It can also be used for more personal violations like 'violer la vie privée' (violate privacy).
Alternative: Il n'a pas respecté les consignes.
Synonym: Il a violé le contrat.
چقدر رسمی است؟
نکته جالب
The Latin root 'fringere' is related to the English word 'fray', which means to wear away or become worn by friction, and also to 'infringe', which is a direct cognate of 'enfreindre' and shares the same meaning of violating or breaking.
راهنمای تلفظ
- Pronouncing the 'en' as a clear 'an' or 'in' sound instead of a nasal vowel.
- Not rolling the 'r' sound sufficiently.
- Pronouncing the final 'e' too strongly.
سطح دشواری
At the A2 CEFR level, learners will encounter 'enfreindre' in simple sentences, often related to common rules like traffic laws or school regulations. Understanding its core meaning of 'breaking' is key. At higher levels (B1+), it appears in more complex legal, business, or abstract contexts, requiring a deeper understanding of its nuances and synonyms.
Learners at A2 can use 'enfreindre' in basic sentences about rules. Producing accurate conjugations and choosing appropriate direct objects are crucial. At B1 and above, using 'enfreindre' in more formal writing, like essays or reports, requires attention to register and collocations with legal or contractual terms.
Speaking requires quick recall of conjugation and correct object usage. A2 learners can use it for simple prohibitions. B1+ speakers can use it more fluidly in discussions about laws, ethics, or personal commitments, but fluency with different tenses is important.
Recognizing 'enfreindre' in spoken French, especially in news reports or formal announcements, is important. Context will usually clarify the meaning. Differentiating it from similar verbs like 'violer' or 'briser' in rapid speech can be challenging.
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پیشنیازها
بعداً یاد بگیرید
پیشرفته
گرامر لازم
Transitive Verbs and Direct Objects
'Enfreindre' is a transitive verb, meaning it requires a direct object. For example, 'enfreindre la loi' (break the law) - 'la loi' is the direct object.
Passé Composé with 'avoir'
To form the passé composé, use 'avoir' + the past participle 'enfreint'. Example: 'J'ai enfreint la règle.'
Subjunctive Mood after Expressions of Necessity or Emotion
When expressing necessity or emotion about someone breaking a rule, the subjunctive is used. Example: 'Il est important que nous n'enfreignions pas les règles.'
Infinitive after Prepositions
After prepositions like 'de' or 'pour', the infinitive form 'enfreindre' is used. Example: 'Il a été puni pour avoir enfreint le contrat.'
Conditional Sentences
In 'if' clauses, the present tense is often used, followed by the future or present tense in the main clause. Example: 'Si tu enfreins cette règle, tu seras puni.'
مثالها بر اساس سطح
Il ne faut pas enfreindre les règles de l'école.
It is not allowed to break the school rules.
'Il ne faut pas' is used to express prohibition or obligation not to do something.
Le chien a enfreint la consigne de ne pas aboyer.
The dog broke the instruction not to bark.
The past participle 'enfreint' is used with the auxiliary verb 'a' for the passé composé.
Nous ne pouvons pas enfreindre notre promesse.
We cannot break our promise.
'Pouvoir' (can) is conjugated in the present tense, followed by the infinitive 'enfreindre'.
Elle a enfreint la limite de vitesse.
She broke the speed limit.
The passé composé is formed with 'avoir' + past participle 'enfreint'.
Ce panneau indique que nous ne devons pas enfreindre le chemin.
This sign indicates that we must not break the path.
'Devoir' (must) is conjugated in the present tense, followed by the infinitive 'enfreindre'.
Ils ont enfreint le règlement du parc.
They broke the park regulations.
The plural subject 'Ils' requires the plural form of the verb in the passé composé.
Je promets de ne pas enfreindre cette règle.
I promise not to break this rule.
The infinitive 'enfreindre' is used after 'ne pas'.
C'est facile d'enfreindre les petites règles.
It's easy to break the small rules.
The impersonal expression 'C'est facile de' is followed by the infinitive 'enfreindre'.
Le non-respect de cette clause entraînera l'annulation du contrat, car cela enfreint nos accords.
The non-respect of this clause will lead to the cancellation of the contract, as it breaks our agreements.
The present tense 'enfreint' agrees with the singular subject 'cela' (cela enfreint).
Il est crucial de ne pas enfreindre les principes éthiques fondamentaux de la profession.
It is crucial not to break the fundamental ethical principles of the profession.
'Il est crucial de' is followed by the infinitive 'enfreindre'.
Les autorités ont averti que toute tentative d'enfreindre les mesures de sécurité serait sévèrement punie.
The authorities warned that any attempt to break the security measures would be severely punished.
The infinitive 'enfreindre' is used after 'tentative d''.
Les manifestants ont été accusés d'enfreindre l'ordre public.
The protesters were accused of breaking public order.
The passé composé is used to describe a past action: 'ont été accusés d'enfreindre'.
Si vous enfreignez cette règle, vous devrez quitter le bâtiment immédiatement.
If you break this rule, you will have to leave the building immediately.
The present tense 'enfreignez' is used in the conditional clause ('Si').
La société a été condamnée pour avoir enfreint les droits des consommateurs.
The company was convicted for having broken consumer rights.
'Pour avoir enfreint' uses the infinitive past to express the reason for the conviction.
Il est interdit d'enfreindre les lois sur la protection de l'environnement.
It is forbidden to break the environmental protection laws.
'Il est interdit de' is followed by the infinitive 'enfreindre'.
Leur silence pourrait être interprété comme une façon d'enfreindre leur engagement.
Their silence could be interpreted as a way of breaking their commitment.
'd'enfreindre' is used after 'façon de' to indicate the manner of breaking the commitment.
Le tribunal a statué que les actions de l'entreprise enfreignaient directement la législation en vigueur.
The court ruled that the company's actions directly violated the current legislation.
The present tense 'enfreignaient' is used to describe a past situation that was ongoing or a factual statement made by the court.
Les sanctions prévues par le règlement sont destinées à dissuader quiconque d'enfreindre les règles de conduite.
The sanctions provided by the regulation are intended to deter anyone from breaking the rules of conduct.
The infinitive 'enfreindre' is used after the preposition 'de' in the construction 'dissuader de'.
Il est inacceptable qu'un représentant de l'État enfreigne les principes de neutralité.
It is unacceptable for a state representative to break the principles of neutrality.
The subjunctive mood 'enfreigne' is used after the impersonal expression 'Il est inacceptable que'.
L'avocat a plaidé que son client n'avait pas délibérément cherché à enfreindre la loi.
The lawyer pleaded that his client had not deliberately sought to break the law.
The infinitive 'enfreindre' is used after 'cherché à'.
La négligence dans l'application de ces directives peut être considérée comme une façon d'enfreindre les protocoles établis.
Negligence in the application of these directives can be considered as a way of breaking the established protocols.
'd'enfreindre' is used after 'façon de' to specify the nature of the negligence.
Les conséquences de l'infraction commise sont graves, car elle enfreint plusieurs articles du code pénal.
The consequences of the committed offense are serious, as it breaks several articles of the penal code.
The present tense 'enfreint' agrees with the singular subject 'elle' (referring to 'l'infraction').
Le comité a décidé de prendre des mesures contre ceux qui ont enfreint les règles de participation.
The committee decided to take measures against those who broke the participation rules.
The passé composé 'ont enfreint' is used to describe the past action of breaking the rules.
Comprendre pourquoi certaines personnes enfreignent la loi est essentiel pour la prévention de la criminalité.
Understanding why certain people break the law is essential for crime prevention.
The present tense 'enfreignent' is used in the subordinate clause introduced by 'pourquoi'.
Il est impératif que toute organisation s'assure qu'elle n'enfreint aucune disposition légale en vigueur.
It is imperative that any organization ensures it does not break any current legal provisions.
The subjunctive mood 'enfreigne' is used after 'il est impératif que'.
La jurisprudence établit que le silence prolongé ne saurait être interprété comme une volonté d'enfreindre un contrat.
Jurisprudence establishes that prolonged silence cannot be interpreted as a willingness to break a contract.
The infinitive 'enfreindre' is used after 'volonté de'.
Les conséquences d'une telle manœuvre pourraient être considérées comme une tentative délibérée d'enfreindre les normes internationales.
The consequences of such a maneuver could be considered a deliberate attempt to break international norms.
'd'enfreindre' is used after 'tentative de' to specify the nature of the attempt.
Le rapport souligne que le non-respect des protocoles de sécurité équivaut à enfreindre directement les directives de l'agence.
The report highlights that non-compliance with security protocols is equivalent to directly breaking the agency's directives.
The infinitive 'enfreindre' is used after 'équivaut à'.
Les critiques soutiennent que la nouvelle politique risque d'enfreindre les libertés individuelles promises.
Critics argue that the new policy risks breaking the promised individual freedoms.
The infinitive 'enfreindre' is used after 'risque de'.
Il est primordial de veiller à ne pas enfreindre les principes de confidentialité lors du traitement des données sensibles.
It is paramount to ensure not to break the principles of confidentiality when processing sensitive data.
'de ne pas enfreindre' is used after 'veiller à'.
L'entreprise a été sommée de cesser toute activité qui enfreint les droits de propriété intellectuelle.
The company was ordered to cease all activity that breaks intellectual property rights.
The present tense 'enfreint' agrees with the singular subject 'qui' (referring to 'toute activité').
La question se pose de savoir si l'utilisation de cette technologie n'enfreint pas les réglementations éthiques.
The question arises as to whether the use of this technology does not break ethical regulations.
The present tense 'enfreint' is used in the subordinate clause introduced by 'si'.
Le non-respect des clauses contractuelles par l'une des parties constitue une violation qui peut entraîner des poursuites judiciaires pour avoir enfreint l'accord.
The non-compliance with the contractual clauses by one of the parties constitutes a violation that can lead to legal proceedings for having broken the agreement.
The infinitive past 'avoir enfreint' is used to describe the action that led to legal proceedings.
Il est de notoriété publique que de nombreuses entreprises ont par le passé enfreint les lois sur la concurrence.
It is common knowledge that many companies have in the past broken competition laws.
The passé composé 'ont enfreint' is used to describe past actions that are widely known.
L'interprétation extensive des textes de loi peut parfois conduire à des situations où l'on enfreint involontairement des principes fondamentaux.
The extensive interpretation of legal texts can sometimes lead to situations where one unintentionally breaks fundamental principles.
The present tense 'enfreint' is used in a general, hypothetical sense.
La doctrine juridique débat de la question de savoir si l'inaction délibérée constitue une forme d'enfreinte aux obligations de diligence.
Legal doctrine debates the question of whether deliberate inaction constitutes a form of breaking the duty of care obligations.
The gerund form 'enfreinte' (noun derived from 'enfreindre') is used here, but the verb form 'enfreindre' would be used in a different construction like 'considérée comme enfreignant'.
Les régulateurs ont émis une mise en garde stipulant que toute entité enfreignant les normes de protection des données serait soumise à des amendes substantielles.
Regulators issued a warning stating that any entity breaking data protection standards would be subject to substantial fines.
The present tense 'enfreignant' (participle form) is used here as an adjective modifying 'toute entité'.
La complexité du système juridique rend parfois difficile de discerner si une action spécifique enfreint la lettre ou l'esprit de la loi.
The complexity of the legal system sometimes makes it difficult to discern whether a specific action breaks the letter or the spirit of the law.
The present tense 'enfreint' is used in the subordinate clause introduced by 'si'.
Il est impératif que les nations respectent les traités internationaux, sous peine de se voir accuser d'enfreindre le droit international.
It is imperative that nations respect international treaties, under penalty of being accused of breaking international law.
The infinitive 'enfreindre' is used after 'd'accusation de'.
Les historiens s'accordent à dire que de nombreux dirigeants ont, au cours de l'histoire, enfreint les principes de justice pour asseoir leur pouvoir.
Historians agree that many leaders have, throughout history, broken the principles of justice to consolidate their power.
The passé composé 'ont enfreint' is used to describe past actions that are widely recognized.
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
— It is forbidden to break/violate.
Il est interdit d'enfreindre le code de la route. (It is forbidden to break the traffic code.)
— Do not break/violate.
Veuillez ne pas enfreindre les règles du musée. (Please do not break the museum rules.)
— To risk breaking/violating.
Il risque d'enfreindre la loi s'il continue ainsi. (He risks breaking the law if he continues like this.)
— Accused of breaking/violating.
Il a été accusé d'enfreindre le contrat. (He was accused of breaking the contract.)
— This breaks/violates...
Cela enfreint les termes de notre accord. (This breaks the terms of our agreement.)
— Anyone who breaks/violates.
Toute personne qui enfreint cette règle sera sanctionnée. (Anyone who breaks this rule will be sanctioned.)
— To be convicted for breaking/violating.
Il a été condamné pour avoir enfreint la loi sur le travail. (He was convicted for breaking labor law.)
— To break the principles.
Enfreindre les principes éthiques est inacceptable. (Breaking ethical principles is unacceptable.)
— The attempt to break/violate.
La tentative d'enfreindre la sécurité a échoué. (The attempt to break security failed.)
— It is unacceptable to break/violate.
Il est inacceptable d'enfreindre la confiance. (It is unacceptable to break trust.)
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
'Briser' means to break physically (e.g., 'briser une vitre' - break a window). 'Enfreindre' is used for breaking abstract things like rules or laws.
'Rompre' can mean to break (e.g., 'rompre un contrat' - break a contract, often implying termination) or to sever (e.g., 'rompre le silence' - break the silence). 'Enfreindre' specifically implies violating the terms or rules of something.
'Désobéir' means to disobey, usually an order or a person. 'Enfreindre' is broader and refers to breaking any rule, law, or agreement, not necessarily a direct command.
اصطلاحات و عبارات
— To break the code of silence, especially in criminal or organizational contexts where people are expected not to reveal information.
Il a enfreint la loi du silence et a témoigné contre ses complices.
Informal/Colloquial— To break social etiquette or customs; to behave in a way that is considered improper or impolite.
Sa tenue à la réception a enfreint les convenances.
Formal— To cheat or act unfairly in a situation, as if breaking the rules of a game.
Il a enfreint les règles du jeu pour gagner la compétition.
Neutral— To go beyond what is appropriate or acceptable; to overstep boundaries.
Il a enfreint la mesure en faisant des commentaires inappropriés.
Neutral/Slightly Formal— To break an oath or a solemn promise.
Le fonctionnaire a enfreint son serment de loyauté.
Formal— To betray trust; to break the faith someone has placed in you.
Ses mensonges ont enfreint la confiance qu'elle avait en lui.
Neutral— To do or say something that is extremely offensive or morally unacceptable.
Ses propos ont enfreint les limites de la décence.
Formal— To cross boundaries, often metaphorical ones, such as ethical or professional limits.
Ce type de recherche enfreint les frontières de la science.
Formal/Figurative— To disregard or break established social norms or customs.
Son comportement a enfreint les conventions sociales de l'époque.
Formal— To break the rule that the strongest person or group always wins; to challenge established power dynamics.
Les mouvements sociaux visent parfois à enfreindre la loi du plus fort.
Figurative/Social Commentaryبهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Both 'enfreindre' and 'violer' mean to break or violate. 'Enfreindre' is more general for rules and agreements, while 'violer' often implies a more serious breach, especially in legal or ethical contexts, and can also mean to rape.
'Enfreindre' is commonly used for breaking laws, regulations, contracts, and promises. 'Violer' is also used for these but carries a stronger connotation of transgression, often for serious offenses like human rights violations ('violer les droits de l'homme') or privacy ('violer la vie privée').
Il a enfreint le contrat en ne livrant pas à temps. (He broke the contract by not delivering on time.) Il a violé la loi sur la protection des données. (He violated data protection law.)
They are antonyms, so confusion can arise when learners try to express the opposite of breaking a rule.
'Enfreindre' means to break or violate a rule or law. 'Respecter' means to follow or obey a rule or law. They represent opposite actions regarding adherence to norms.
Il ne faut pas enfreindre la loi. (One must not break the law.) Il faut respecter la loi. (One must respect the law.)
Both verbs mean 'to break'.
'Enfreindre' is used for abstract concepts like rules, laws, agreements, or promises. 'Briser' is typically used for physically breaking objects (e.g., 'briser une assiette' - break a plate) or sometimes for breaking something less tangible but more emotionally or physically impactful (e.g., 'briser le cœur' - break someone's heart).
Il a enfreint son engagement. (He broke his commitment.) Il a brisé la fenêtre. (He broke the window.)
Both involve not following instructions or rules.
'Désobéir' specifically means to disobey an order or a person in authority. 'Enfreindre' is broader; it refers to breaking any rule, law, or agreement, whether it's a direct command or a written regulation.
L'enfant a désobéi à sa mère. (The child disobeyed his mother.) L'entreprise a enfreint les normes de sécurité. (The company broke safety standards.)
Both refer to going beyond established limits or rules.
'Enfreindre' is the general term for breaking rules, laws, or agreements. 'Transgresser' often implies a more serious or moral breach, crossing a boundary, particularly in ethical, religious, or social contexts, suggesting a deeper violation.
Il a enfreint les règles de conduite. (He broke the rules of conduct.) Elle a transgressé les limites de la décence. (She transgressed the limits of decency.)
الگوهای جملهسازی
Subject + enfreindre (present tense) + direct object.
Le chien enfreint la règle de ne pas monter sur le canapé.
Il ne faut pas + enfreindre + direct object.
Il ne faut pas enfreindre les règles du parc.
Subject + avoir + enfreint + direct object (passé composé).
Elle a enfreint sa promesse.
Risquer de + enfreindre + direct object.
Si tu continues, tu risques d'enfreindre la loi.
Il est interdit de + enfreindre + direct object.
Il est interdit d'enfreindre les règles de sécurité.
Subject + enfreindre (present tense, plural) + direct object.
Les manifestants enfreignent l'ordre public.
Accusé de + enfreindre + direct object.
Il a été accusé d'enfreindre le contrat.
Il est impératif que + Subject + enfreindre (subjunctive) + direct object.
Il est impératif que nous n'enfreignions pas ces principes.
خانواده کلمه
اسمها
فعلها
صفتها
مرتبط
نحوه استفاده
High, especially in news, legal contexts, and discussions of rules.
-
Using 'enfreindre' for physical breaking.
→
Use 'briser' or 'casser' for physical objects.
'Enfreindre' is abstract and refers to rules, laws, or agreements, not physical items. For example, you 'enfreignez la loi' but 'brisez une tasse'.
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Forgetting the direct object.
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Always include what is being broken: 'enfreindre la règle'.
'Enfreindre' is transitive. Saying 'Il enfreint' is incomplete; you need to specify what is being broken.
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Incorrect conjugation, especially in the present tense.
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Remember the 're' verb endings: j'enfreins, tu enfreins, il enfreint, nous enfreignons, vous enfreignez, ils enfreignent.
Common errors include using 'enfreint' for 'je' or 'tu', or incorrect plural forms.
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Using a preposition like 'à' after 'enfreindre'.
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'Enfreindre' takes a direct object: 'enfreindre la loi', not 'enfreindre à la loi'.
This is a common error influenced by other languages or verbs that do take prepositions. 'Enfreindre' is directly followed by its object.
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Confusing 'enfreindre' with 'désobéir' for general rules.
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'Désobéir' is for disobeying orders or people; 'enfreindre' is for breaking rules, laws, or agreements.
While related, 'désobéir' is more specific to direct commands, whereas 'enfreindre' is broader and applies to any established norm or regulation.
نکات
Transitive Verb
'Enfreindre' is a transitive verb, meaning it always needs a direct object. You don't just 'enfreindre'; you 'enfreindre quelque chose' (break something). Remember to always include what is being broken, like 'la loi' or 'une règle'.
Synonym Practice
Practice using 'enfreindre' alongside its synonyms like 'violer' and 'ne pas respecter'. Note the subtle differences in register and intensity. 'Violer' can be stronger, and 'ne pas respecter' is more general.
Nasal Vowel
Focus on the nasal 'en-' sound at the beginning of 'enfreindre'. It's produced with air passing through both the nose and mouth, similar to the 'an' in 'want' but more pronounced. Practice saying 'enfreindre' slowly to get the nasalization right.
Association
Link 'enfreindre' to the idea of 'in trouble' or 'friend breaking a rule'. Imagine a friend who always breaks rules, and that's how you remember 'enfreindre'.
Tense Usage
Be mindful of verb tenses. Use the present tense for general rules ('Il enfreint la loi'), passé composé for specific past actions ('Il a enfreint la loi'), and the subjunctive when expressing doubt or necessity ('Il est important que nous n'enfreignions pas').
Legal Collocations
Learn common phrases used in legal contexts, such as 'enfreindre la loi', 'enfreindre un contrat', and 'enfreindre les normes'. These are very frequent and useful.
Prohibitions
Often used in prohibitions. Pay attention to structures like 'Il est interdit d'enfreindre...' (It is forbidden to break...) or 'Ne pas enfreindre...' (Do not break...).
Social Norms
Understand that 'enfreindre' applies not just to formal laws but also to social conventions and personal commitments. This reflects the importance of adherence to norms in French society.
Sentence Building
Write your own sentences using 'enfreindre' with different objects and in various tenses. This active practice will solidify your understanding and usage.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Imagine a very strict guardian, 'Enf', who always enforces rules. If you break a rule, Enf will shout 'FREIN-dre!' (like 'friend' but with a strong French accent, meaning 'break it!'). So, 'Enf' + 'FREIN-dre!' = enfreindre (to break a rule).
تداعی تصویری
Picture a red stop sign ('enfreindre' the rule of stopping) with a hand forcefully pushing it over, breaking it. The 'en-' sound can be like 'in' (in the rule), and 'freindre' sounds like 'friend', but this friend is breaking the rule.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Try to create sentences using 'enfreindre' with different objects: a law, a promise, a company policy, and a speed limit. See if you can use it in the passé composé and present tense.
ریشه کلمه
The word 'enfreindre' comes from the Latin verb 'infringere', which is composed of 'in-' (meaning 'against' or 'upon') and 'fringere' (meaning 'to break'). This etymology directly reflects the meaning of breaking or violating something.
معنای اصلی: To break against; to violate.
Indo-European > Italic > Latin > Romance > Frenchبافت فرهنگی
The term 'enfreindre' can carry significant weight, especially in legal or ethical contexts. Using it inappropriately or too casually for minor infractions might sound overly dramatic. However, its directness makes it a clear and effective word for describing violations.
In English-speaking cultures, similar concepts exist with words like 'violate', 'break', 'infringe', and 'transgress'. The legal and social frameworks are also robust, with consequences for rule-breaking.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
Traffic laws and road safety
- enfreindre le code de la route
- enfreindre la limite de vitesse
- ne pas enfreindre le feu rouge
School or workplace rules
- enfreindre le règlement intérieur
- enfreindre les règles de l'école
- enfreindre la politique de l'entreprise
Legal and contractual matters
- enfreindre la loi
- enfreindre un contrat
- enfreindre les termes de l'accord
Personal commitments and promises
- enfreindre une promesse
- enfreindre un engagement
- enfreindre la confiance
Ethical and moral guidelines
- enfreindre les principes éthiques
- enfreindre les limites de la décence
- enfreindre les normes sociales
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"Can you think of a time when someone broke a rule and faced consequences?"
"What are some common rules that people tend to break in everyday life?"
"Is it ever acceptable to break a rule? If so, under what circumstances?"
"What happens when a company breaks its agreement with a customer?"
"How important is it to keep promises, and what does it mean to 'enfreindre' a promise?"
موضوعات نگارش
Describe a situation where you had to follow a strict rule. What would have happened if you had decided to 'enfreindre' it?
Reflect on a time you made a promise. Did you keep it, or did you 'enfreindre' it? How did that make you feel?
Imagine you are a lawyer defending someone accused of 'enfreindre' the law. What arguments would you use?
Write a short story about a character who deliberately chooses to 'enfreindre' a rule for a good reason. What are the consequences?
Discuss the difference between 'enfreindre la loi' and 'enfreindre une règle sociale'. Are the consequences always different?
سوالات متداول
10 سوال'Enfreindre' and 'violer' are often interchangeable, especially in legal contexts, both meaning to break or violate. However, 'violer' can sometimes imply a more serious or profound breach, particularly concerning fundamental rights or privacy ('violer les droits de l'homme', 'violer la vie privée'). 'Enfreindre' is more broadly used for any rule, law, agreement, or promise.
Yes, absolutely. 'Enfreindre une promesse' is a common and correct usage. It means to break a promise, failing to keep your word.
The most direct opposites of 'enfreindre' are 'respecter' (to respect, to follow), 'obéir' (to obey), and 'se conformer à' (to conform to, to comply with).
'Enfreindre' is generally considered a neutral to formal verb. It is very common in legal, administrative, and business contexts. While it can be used in everyday conversation, it's less informal than phrases like 'ne pas respecter'.
'Enfreindre' is a regular -re verb. In the present tense, it's 'j'enfreins', 'tu enfreins', 'il/elle/on enfreint', 'nous enfreignons', 'vous enfreignez', 'ils/elles enfreignent'. The past participle is 'enfreint'.
One can 'enfreindre' many things, including laws ('la loi'), rules ('une règle', 'le règlement'), agreements ('un accord', 'un contrat'), promises ('une promesse'), commitments ('un engagement'), limits ('les limites de vitesse'), norms ('les normes'), and principles ('les principes éthiques').
Often, 'enfreindre' implies a deliberate action or negligence. However, context can sometimes suggest an unintentional breach, though the primary meaning leans towards a conscious or negligent disregard for rules.
While technically possible, it's more common and natural to use verbs like 'rompre avec une habitude' or 'cesser une habitude' for breaking a habit. 'Enfreindre' is usually reserved for rules, laws, or agreements.
The most common noun forms are 'infraction' (a violation or offense) and 'violation' (a violation). The verb itself is 'enfreindre'.
'Enfreindre' comes from the Latin verb 'infringere', which means 'to break against' or 'to violate', from 'in-' (against) and 'fringere' (to break).
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Summary
The French verb 'enfreindre' signifies the act of breaking or violating a rule, law, agreement, or promise. It is a transitive verb requiring a direct object, such as 'enfreindre la loi' (to break the law) or 'enfreindre une promesse' (to break a promise).
- To break a rule, law, or agreement.
- Means to violate established norms or commitments.
- Commonly used in legal, ethical, and social contexts.
- Requires a direct object specifying what is broken.
Transitive Verb
'Enfreindre' is a transitive verb, meaning it always needs a direct object. You don't just 'enfreindre'; you 'enfreindre quelque chose' (break something). Remember to always include what is being broken, like 'la loi' or 'une règle'.
Synonym Practice
Practice using 'enfreindre' alongside its synonyms like 'violer' and 'ne pas respecter'. Note the subtle differences in register and intensity. 'Violer' can be stronger, and 'ne pas respecter' is more general.
Context is Key
The meaning of 'enfreindre' is clear, but the severity can vary. Pay attention to the context: 'enfreindre le code de la route' is different from 'enfreindre une promesse', but both use the same verb. The surrounding words will clarify the situation.
Nasal Vowel
Focus on the nasal 'en-' sound at the beginning of 'enfreindre'. It's produced with air passing through both the nose and mouth, similar to the 'an' in 'want' but more pronounced. Practice saying 'enfreindre' slowly to get the nasalization right.
محتوای مرتبط
قواعد دستوری مرتبط
عبارات مرتبط
واژههای بیشتر business
à crédit
B1With deferred payment; on credit.
à défaut de
B1In the absence of; for lack of.
à jour
A2بهروز؛ آپدیت شده. نرمافزار شما بهروز است.
à la fois...et
B1Both...and.
à la suite de
B1Following; as a result of.
à l'exception de
B1این عبارت به معنای 'به استثنای' یا 'بهجز' است. برای خارج کردن چیزی یا کسی از یک گروه به شکلی رسمی استفاده میشود.
à l'export
B1مربوط به فروش یا ارسال کالا به کشورهای خارجی.
à l'import
B1For import; relating to importing.
à l'ordre de
B1Payable to; specifies the beneficiary of a payment (e.g., on a check).
à mon avis
A2به نظر من؛ از دیدگاه من. برای بیان یک دیدگاه یا قضاوت شخصی استفاده میشود.
