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B1 noun 11 دقیقه مطالعه

निन्दा

ninda

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها निन्दा در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح निन्दा in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use 'निन्दा' (Nindā) in your own speech yet, but you might see it in very simple stories or news headlines. Think of it as a very formal way to say 'bad.' In A1, we usually focus on words like 'burā' (bad). However, knowing that 'nindā' exists helps you understand that Hindi has special words for serious situations. Just remember: Nindā = serious bad-mouthing. You might see it in a sentence like 'Don't do nindā' (Nindā mat karo). It's a feminine word, so we say 'kī nindā.' For now, just recognize the word when you see it in a newspaper or hear it on TV. It's a 'grown-up' word for saying something is wrong.

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At the A2 level, you can start using 'निन्दा' (Nindā) to describe things you see in the news or read in books. You should know that it is a feminine noun and is almost always used with 'karnā' (to do). So, 'nindā karnā' means 'to criticize.' You can use it to talk about people you don't agree with in a slightly more formal way. For example, 'Vah merī nindā kartā hai' (He criticizes me). It's better than 'burāī' if you want to sound more polite or serious. You should also recognize the common phrase 'nindā ho rahī hai' (criticism is happening). At this level, focus on the 'Person + kī + nindā' structure.

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At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'निन्दा' (Nindā) in discussions about society, politics, or literature. You understand that this word carries a moral weight. You can use adjectives like 'kaṭhor' (harsh) or 'sarvajanik' (public) with it. For example, 'Sarkār kī kaṭhor nindā huī' (The government was harshly criticized). You should also know the difference between 'nindā' (condemnation) and 'ālochanā' (analysis/criticism). You can participate in debates and use this word to express your disapproval of certain actions or policies. You're starting to see how 'nindā' is used in famous Hindi quotes and poetry, like the works of Kabir.

At the B2 level, you can use 'निन्दा' (Nindā) with nuance. You understand its role in formal Hindi and can use it in writing essays or giving presentations. You are familiar with compound terms like 'nindā-prastāv' (censure motion) and can follow complex news reports about international condemnation of events. You can also use the word to discuss ethics—for instance, the concept of 'par-nindā' (criticizing others) as a negative trait. Your grammar with this word is flawless, correctly applying the feminine gender in all contexts. You can distinguish between 'nindā,' 'bhartsanā,' and 'ālochanā' based on the intensity required for your sentence.

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At the C1 level, 'निन्दा' (Nindā) is a tool for sophisticated expression. You can analyze the cultural and philosophical implications of the word in Indian history. You might use it to discuss the 'Nindā-ras' (the 'juice' or pleasure of criticizing others), a famous concept in Hindi satirical literature (like Harishankar Parsai's essays). You can use the word in legal, political, and highly academic contexts without hesitation. You understand the subtle shift in meaning when it is used in a spiritual discourse versus a political rally. You can also use related forms like 'nindak' (critic) and 'nindanīya' (reprehensible/condemnable) fluently.

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At the C2 level, you have a native-like grasp of 'निन्दा' (Nindā). You can appreciate the word's Sanskrit etymology and its evolution in various Hindi dialects. You can use it to craft persuasive speeches, write high-level literary critiques, or engage in deep philosophical debates about the nature of social judgment. You are aware of archaic and poetic uses of the word and can interpret complex metaphors involving 'nindā' in classical poetry. You can switch between different registers of 'criticism'—from the most stinging 'bhartsanā' to the most analytical 'ālochanā'—with perfect precision, choosing 'nindā' exactly when the moral or social context demands it.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

निन्दा در ۳۰ ثانیه

Nindā is a feminine Hindi noun meaning criticism or censure, often used in formal, political, or moral contexts to show strong disapproval.
Grammatically, it requires the feminine postposition 'kī' (e.g., sarkār kī nindā) and is usually paired with the verb 'karnā' (to do).
It differs from 'ālochanā' (objective analysis) and 'burāī' (casual bad-mouthing) by its formal tone and purely negative judgment.
Cultural significance includes its use in Bhakti poetry and modern politics, where 'kaṛī nindā' (strong condemnation) is a common media phrase.

The word निन्दा (Nindā) is a powerful Hindi noun that translates to 'criticism,' 'censure,' 'condemnation,' or 'reproach.' While it might seem like a simple synonym for 'bad-mouthing,' its roots in Sanskrit and its usage in Indian literature give it a much deeper moral and social weight. In essence, it refers to the act of highlighting someone's flaws or speaking ill of them, often in a public or formal setting. It is not merely a casual remark about a movie you didn't like; it is a focused expression of disapproval directed at a person, an action, or a policy.

The Moral Dimension: In Indian philosophy and ethics, nindā is often discussed as a character trait. Saints like Kabir have famously spoken about the 'nindak' (the one who criticizes), suggesting that we should keep critics close because they help us clean our souls without water or soap. This elevates the word from a simple negative action to a tool for self-improvement and social correction.

समाज में भ्रष्टाचार की चारों ओर निन्दा हो रही है। (Corruption is being condemned everywhere in society.)

When you use निन्दा, you are often participating in a formal or semi-formal discourse. You will hear it on news channels when a politician condemns a rival's statement, or in a classroom when discussing the 'criticism' of a literary work. It carries a sense of gravity that the more colloquial word burāī (speaking ill) lacks. While burāī might happen over tea between friends, nindā is what appears in the headlines of a newspaper.

Register and Tone: The word is predominantly formal (Shuddh Hindi). In everyday Hinglish or casual Hindi, people might use 'criticize' or 'burāī,' but in any serious writing, debate, or speech, nindā is the standard choice. It implies a sense of righteousness on the part of the speaker—they aren't just complaining; they are pointing out a deviation from what is right.

बिना सोचे-समझे किसी की निन्दा करना गलत है। (It is wrong to criticize someone without thinking.)

Understanding nindā also requires understanding its opposite, stuti (praise/eulogy). In many classical texts, these two are presented as a pair—the world is made of praise and blame. If you are learning Hindi to read literature or follow Indian politics, this word will be a constant companion. It is used to describe the reaction of the public to government policies, the critique of a scholar towards a theory, or even the spiritual warning against gossiping about others' private lives.

Social Context: In a communal society like India, 'what will people say?' is a common concern. This 'saying' often takes the form of nindā. Thus, the word is deeply tied to the concepts of 'shame' and 'honor.' To be the subject of public nindā is a serious matter that can affect one's social standing significantly.

उसकी कठोर निन्दा के बावजूद, उसने अपना काम जारी रखा। (Despite his harsh criticism, he continued his work.)

Using निन्दा correctly in a sentence requires a bit of grammatical attention. Since it is a feminine noun, any adjectives or verbs associated with it must reflect that gender. Most commonly, it is used with the auxiliary verb karnā (to do) to form the compound verb निन्दा करना (nindā karnā), which means 'to criticize.' However, notice that because it is a 'karnā' verb, the person or thing being criticized is usually followed by the postposition kī (feminine of 'ka').

The 'Kī' Rule: When you criticize someone, the structure is: [Person] + kī + nindā + karnā. For example: 'Rām kī nindā' (Criticism of Ram). You cannot say 'Ram ko nindā' or 'Ram nindā.'

विपक्ष ने सरकार की नई नीतियों की निन्दा की। (The opposition criticized the government's new policies.)

Another common construction is using nindā as the subject of a sentence. In this case, you might say 'Nindā ho rahī hai' (Criticism is happening/being done). This is very common in news reports where the agent (the person criticizing) might be a general group like 'the public' or 'the media.'

Adjective Agreement: Because nindā is feminine, you must use feminine adjectives. Use kaṭhor (harsh), tīkhī (sharp/stinging), or sarvajanik (public). For example: 'Tīkhī nindā' (Stinging criticism).

हमें दूसरों की निन्दा करने से बचना चाहिए। (We should avoid criticizing others.)

In more advanced usage, nindā can be part of complex noun phrases. For instance, nindā-prastāv means a 'censure motion' in a parliamentary context. This shows how the word scales from personal ethics to high-level governance. When used in the passive voice, such as 'Nindā kī gaī' (was criticized), it maintains its feminine agreement regardless of who did the criticizing.

Common Verb Pairings

Nindā karnā: To criticize.
Nindā jhelnā: To face/endure criticism.
Nindā sunnā: To hear criticism.
Nindā pānā: To receive criticism.

लेखक की इस पुस्तक की बहुत निन्दा हुई। (This book of the author was criticized a lot.)

If you turn on a Hindi news channel like Aaj Tak or NDTV India, you are almost guaranteed to hear the word निन्दा within the first fifteen minutes. It is the bread and butter of political reporting. When one party leader says something controversial, the news anchor will report: "Party X ne is bayān kī kaṛī nindā kī hai" (Party X has strongly condemned this statement). This formal setting is where the word thrives, as it sounds official and authoritative.

In Literature and Poetry: Hindi literature, especially the Bhakti era poetry, is full of this word. Poets like Kabir, Tulsi, and Surdas often wrote about the nature of the human ego and how nindā (criticizing others) is a trap for the soul. If you attend a 'Kavi Sammelan' (poetry gathering), you might hear poets using this word to critique modern society or human nature.

समाचारों में अक्सर नेताओं द्वारा एक-दूसरे की निन्दा सुनाई देती है। (In the news, one often hears leaders criticizing each other.)

In an academic or intellectual environment, such as a university seminar in Delhi or Varanasi, scholars use nindā to describe the critical reception of a theory or a historical event. Here, it takes on a more analytical tone. Instead of emotional anger, it signifies a reasoned disapproval based on facts or logic. You might read in a textbook: "Itihāskāroñ ne is nirṇay kī nindā kī hai" (Historians have criticized this decision).

Daily Social Life: While less common in very casual slang, the word appears in serious family discussions. If a younger family member behaves disrespectfully, an elder might say, "Pūre khāndān meñ hamārī nindā hogī" (The whole family/clan will be criticized/shamed). This highlights the social pressure and the weight of public opinion in Indian culture.

धार्मिक ग्रंथों में पर-निन्दा (दूसरों की बुराई) को पाप माना गया है। (In religious texts, 'par-ninda' or criticizing others is considered a sin.)

Finally, you will encounter this word in legal and parliamentary proceedings. Phrases like 'Nindā Prastāv' (Censure Motion) are technical terms used when the legislature wants to formally express its lack of confidence or disapproval of a minister's actions. In this context, the word has legal consequences and isn't just 'talk.' It is a formal mechanism of accountability.

Summary of Environments

Politics: Condemning actions/statements.
Religion: Warning against the sin of gossip.
Academia: Critical analysis of work.
Media: Reporting on social disapproval.

संसद में आज विपक्ष ने सरकार के खिलाफ निन्दा प्रस्ताव पेश किया। (The opposition today introduced a censure motion against the government in Parliament.)

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make with निन्दा is using the wrong gender for associated words. Many Hindi learners assume that because it ends in 'a', it might be masculine. However, nindā is a feminine noun. This means you must say merī nindā (my criticism) and not merā nindā. Similarly, verbs like 'to happen' must be feminine: nindā huī (criticism happened), not nindā huā.

Confusing Nindā with Burāī: While both words involve speaking ill of someone, burāī is much more informal and often implies petty gossip or focusing on someone's bad traits. Nindā is more formal and implies a structured disapproval or a moral judgment. Using nindā when talking about small-talk with friends might sound overly dramatic or 'bookish.'

Incorrect: उसने मेरा निन्दा किया। (Usne merā nindā kiyā.)
Correct: उसने मेरी निन्दा की। (Usne merī nindā kī.)

Another mistake is the confusion between nindā and ālochanā. While they are often used as synonyms, ālochanā is the standard word for 'literary criticism' or 'academic review.' It is supposed to be objective—pointing out both pros and cons. Nindā, on the other hand, is almost always negative. If a book reviewer says they are doing ālochanā, they are analyzing it. If they say they are doing nindā, they are trashing it.

The 'Se' vs 'Kī' Confusion: Learners sometimes try to say 'I am angry with criticism' using 'se.' While you can say 'nindā se' (from criticism), the action of criticizing someone MUST use 'kī.' You cannot say 'Bachoñ se nindā mat karo' if you mean 'Don't criticize the children.' It must be 'Bachoñ kī nindā mat karo.'

Incorrect: वह सबकी निन्दा करता है। (He does everyone's criticism - sounds okay but often lacks the 'kī' in learner speech).
Correct: वह सबकी निन्दा करता है। (Wait, this is actually correct, but learners often forget the 'kī' in 'sabkī').

Finally, avoid using nindā for inanimate objects unless you are personifying them or criticizing a human creation (like a law or a book). You wouldn't usually 'nindā' a bad pizza; you would just say it's bad. Nindā implies a level of moral or professional accountability that a pizza doesn't have.

Pronunciation Pitfall: Do not confuse nindā with nind (sleep - usually spelled 'nīnd'). Pronouncing the 'a' at the end of nindā is crucial. If you say 'nind,' people might think you are talking about being sleepy!

किसी की पीठ पीछे निन्दा करना कायरता है। (Criticizing someone behind their back is cowardice.)

Hindi has a rich vocabulary for expressing disapproval, and choosing the right word depends on the intensity and the context. While निन्दा is the standard formal term, you should know its neighbors to truly master the language. The most common alternative is ālochanā, which we've touched upon. It is the word of choice for critics, scholars, and journalists who want to appear objective.

Nindā vs. Ālochanā

Nindā: Purely negative, often moralizing, can be public condemnation.
Ālochanā: Can be positive or negative, analytical, used for art, literature, and policy analysis.

साहित्यिक आलोचना और व्यक्तिगत निन्दा में अंतर होता है। (There is a difference between literary criticism and personal censure.)

Another word you will encounter is bhartsanā. This is even more formal and stronger than nindā. It translates to 'condemnation' or 'reproach' and is usually reserved for the most serious offenses, like human rights violations or major political scandals. If nindā is a 'thumbs down,' bhartsanā is a 'stinging rebuke.'

Informal Alternatives

Burāī: Casual bad-mouthing or focusing on faults.
Shikāyat: A complaint (less about character, more about an action).
Khosnā: To curse or speak very bitterly about someone (very informal/rural).

आतंकवादी हमले की पूरी दुनिया ने भर्त्सना की। (The whole world condemned the terrorist attack.)

On the flip side, when you want to talk about 'praise,' the direct opposite is praśhaṃsā (praise) or stuti (adoration/prayer). In philosophical contexts, you might hear the phrase stuti-nindā, referring to the dualities of life—fame and infamy, praise and blame. Understanding these pairs helps you navigate complex Hindi texts and speeches with much more ease.

Summary Table

Word	Intensity	Context
Burāī	Low	Casual/Daily
Nindā	Medium-High	Formal/Moral
Bhartsanā	Very High	Official/Severe

सज्जन पुरुष किसी की निन्दा नहीं करते। (Gentlemen do not criticize anyone.)

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

In Sanskrit grammar, 'nindā' is often contrasted with 'stuti' (praise), and together they form a 'dvandva' (pair) that represents the dualities of worldly reputation.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /ˈnɪn.dɑː/

US /ˈnɪn.dɑ/

Stress is on the first syllable: NIN-da.

هم‌قافیه با

Zinda (Alive) Parinda (Bird) Sharminda (Ashamed) Basinda (Inhabitant) Goyanda (Informer) Chuninda (Selected) Darinda (Beast) Farzinda (Son/Child)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing 'd' like the English 'd' in 'dog' (it should be softer, dental).
Shortening the final 'ā' so it sounds like 'nind' (which means sleep).
Nasalizing the first 'i' too much (it should be a clear 'n' sound).
Confusing it with 'nindā' (rhyming with 'Linda' but with dental consonants).
Using a retroflex 'D' (tongue curled back).

سطح دشواری

خواندن 3/5

Common in newspapers and literature. Easy to recognize once learned.

نوشتن 4/5

Requires correct gender agreement (feminine) and postposition 'kī'.

صحبت کردن 3/5

Pronunciation is straightforward but requires dental 'd'.

گوش دادن 3/5

Frequently heard in news; context usually makes it clear.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

बुरा (Burā) करना (Karnā) कहना (Kahnā) लोग (Log) बात (Bāt)

بعداً یاد بگیرید

आलोचना (Ālochanā) भर्त्सना (Bhartsanā) प्रशंसा (Prashansā) विवाद (Vivād) विरोध (Virodh)

پیشرفته

प्रलाप (Pralāp) कटाक्ष (Kaṭāksh) व्यंग्य (Vyangya) अवहेलना (Avhelnā) तिरस्कार (Tiraskār)

گرامر لازم

Feminine Noun Agreement

Uskī (not uskā) nindā huī (not huā).

Compound Verb Formation with 'Karnā'

Nindā karnā (To do criticism).

Postposition 'Kī' for the object of criticism

Rām kī nindā (Ram's criticism).

Adjective Gender Matching

Kaṭhor nindā (Harsh criticism - 'kaṭhor' is neutral but 'tīkhī' would be feminine).

Use of Conjunctive Participle

Nindā sun-kar (After hearing criticism).

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

झूठ बोलना निन्दा का काम है।

Lying is a work of criticism (reproachable).

Simple noun usage.

वह मेरी निन्दा करता है।

He criticizes me.

Subject + kī + nindā + karnā.

हमें निन्दा नहीं करनी चाहिए।

We should not criticize.

Using 'chāhiye' (should) with the verb.

उसकी निन्दा मत करो।

Do not criticize him/her.

Imperative 'mat' (don't).

यह एक बुरी निन्दा है।

This is a bad criticism.

Feminine adjective 'burī' matching 'nindā'.

क्या आप निन्दा करते हैं?

Do you criticize?

Simple present interrogative.

यहाँ सबकी निन्दा होती है।

Everyone is criticized here.

Passive-like 'hotī hai' (happens).

राम की निन्दा हुई।

Ram was criticized.

Past tense 'huī' (feminine).

शिक्षक ने छात्र की निन्दा की।

The teacher criticized the student.

Past tense 'kī' matching the object 'nindā'.

पड़ोसी हमेशा दूसरों की निन्दा करते हैं।

Neighbors always criticize others.

Plural verb 'karte haiñ'.

उसकी बातों में सिर्फ निन्दा होती है।

There is only criticism in his/her words.

Using 'sirf' (only) for emphasis.

अच्छे लोग किसी की निन्दा नहीं करते।

Good people do not criticize anyone.

Negative 'nahīñ' in present tense.

मैंने उसकी निन्दा कभी नहीं की।

I never criticized him.

Compound past 'kabhī nahīñ kī'.

क्या आपने समाचार में निन्दा सुनी?

Did you hear the criticism in the news?

Interrogative with 'sunī' (heard).

वह अपनी निन्दा सुनकर दुखी हुआ।

He became sad after hearing his criticism.

Conjunctive participle 'sun-kar' (after hearing).

हमें किसी की निन्दा से डरना नहीं चाहिए।

We should not be afraid of anyone's criticism.

Postposition 'se' (from/of).

अखबारों में नेता के भाषण की निन्दा की गई।

The leader's speech was criticized in the newspapers.

Passive voice 'kī gaī'.

समाज में भ्रष्टाचार की कड़ी निन्दा होनी चाहिए।

Corruption should be strongly condemned in society.

Adjective 'kaṛī' (strong/hard).

उसने अपनी गलती के लिए निन्दा झेली।

He faced criticism for his mistake.

Verb 'jhelnā' (to endure/face).

बिना प्रमाण के निन्दा करना अनुचित है।

It is improper to criticize without evidence.

Using 'anuchit' (improper) as an adjective.

लेखक ने समाज की बुराइयों की निन्दा की है।

The author has criticized the evils of society.

Present perfect 'kī hai'.

उसकी निन्दा का कोई आधार नहीं था।

There was no basis for his criticism.

Noun 'ādhār' (basis/foundation).

सार्वजनिक रूप से किसी की निन्दा करना गलत है।

It is wrong to criticize someone publicly.

Adverbial phrase 'sārvajanik rūp se'.

उसने निन्दा के डर से अपना विचार बदल दिया।

He changed his opinion for fear of criticism.

Phrase 'ke ḍar se' (from fear of).

विपक्ष ने संसद में निन्दा प्रस्ताव पेश किया।

The opposition introduced a censure motion in Parliament.

Compound term 'nindā-prastāv'.

मानवाधिकार संगठनों ने इस कानून की तीखी निन्दा की।

Human rights organizations sharply criticized this law.

Adjective 'tīkhī' (sharp).

कबीर के अनुसार, निन्दक को पास रखना चाहिए।

According to Kabir, one should keep the critic close.

Using 'nindak' (the person who criticizes).

यह फिल्म अपनी विवादास्पद सामग्री के कारण निन्दा का पात्र बनी।

This film became a subject of criticism due to its controversial content.

Phrase 'nindā kā pātra' (object of criticism).

हमें रचनात्मक आलोचना और व्यक्तिगत निन्दा में फर्क करना होगा।

We must differentiate between constructive criticism and personal censure.

Using 'fark karnā' (to differentiate).

उसकी निन्दा सुनकर भी वह विचलित नहीं हुआ।

He was not perturbed even after hearing his criticism.

Adjective 'vichlit' (perturbed/disturbed).

अंतरराष्ट्रीय समुदाय ने हिंसा की सामूहिक निन्दा की।

The international community collectively condemned the violence.

Adjective 'sāmūhik' (collective).

किसी की धार्मिक मान्यताओं की निन्दा करना अनुचित है।

It is improper to criticize someone's religious beliefs.

Possessive 'mānyatāoñ kī'.

हरिशंकर परसाई ने अपने निबंध 'निन्दा रस' में मानव स्वभाव पर कटाक्ष किया है।

Harishankar Parsai satirized human nature in his essay 'The Sentiment of Criticism'.

Reference to literary 'ras' (sentiment/juice).

नैतिक दृष्टिकोण से, पर-निन्दा को आत्मिक पतन का कारण माना जाता है।

From a moral standpoint, criticizing others is considered a cause of spiritual decline.

Prefix 'par-' (others).

इस नीति की चौतरफा निन्दा ने सरकार को इसे वापस लेने पर मजबूर कर दिया।

The all-around criticism of this policy forced the government to withdraw it.

Adjective 'chautarfā' (four-sided/all-around).

विद्वानों ने उनकी व्याख्या को निन्दात्मक और पक्षपाती बताया।

Scholars described their interpretation as defamatory and biased.

Adjective 'nindātmak' (defamatory/critical).

आत्म-निन्दा कभी-कभी आत्म-सुधार का मार्ग प्रशस्त करती है।

Self-criticism sometimes paves the way for self-improvement.

Prefix 'ātma-' (self).

उनकी बातों में निन्दा का पुट स्पष्ट रूप से झलकता था।

A touch of criticism was clearly visible in his words.

Phrase 'nindā kā puṭ' (a touch/hint of criticism).

किसी भी दार्शनिक वाद की निन्दा करने से पहले उसका गहन अध्ययन आवश्यक है।

Before criticizing any philosophical school, its deep study is necessary.

Using 'vād' (ism/school of thought).

उनकी निन्दा केवल ईर्ष्या से प्रेरित थी।

His criticism was motivated solely by envy.

Phrase 'īrshyā se prerit' (motivated by envy).

निन्दा और स्तुति के द्वंद्व से ऊपर उठना ही वास्तविक वैराग्य है।

Rising above the duality of praise and blame is true detachment.

Philosophical pair 'nindā aur stuti'.

उसकी लेखनी में जो पैनापन था, वह निन्दा की सीमा को लाँघकर भर्त्सना तक जा पहुँचा।

The sharpness in his writing crossed the limits of criticism and reached the point of condemnation.

Metaphorical 'sīmā lāñghnā' (crossing the limit).

राजनीतिक गलियारों में इस गठबंधन की घोर निन्दा की जा रही है।

This alliance is being severely condemned in political circles.

Intensive adjective 'ghor' (severe/extreme).

मध्यकालीन संतों ने निन्दा को अहंकार का ही एक सूक्ष्म रूप बताया है।

Medieval saints described criticism as a subtle form of ego.

Adjective 'sūkshma' (subtle).

बिना किसी ठोस तर्क के की गई निन्दा केवल प्रलाप मात्र है।

Criticism without any solid logic is merely a rant.

Noun 'pralāp' (rant/delirium).

समाजशास्त्रीय दृष्टि से, निन्दा सामाजिक नियंत्रण का एक अनौपचारिक साधन है।

From a sociological perspective, censure is an informal means of social control.

Academic phrase 'anaupachārik sādhan' (informal means).

उनकी आलोचना में निन्दा का भाव कम और सुधार की भावना अधिक थी।

In his critique, the element of censure was less and the spirit of improvement was more.

Phrase 'nindā kā bhāv' (feeling/element of censure).

इतिहास साक्षी है कि महान विचारों की शुरुआत में हमेशा निन्दा ही हुई है।

History is witness that great ideas have always been criticized in the beginning.

Idiomatic 'itihās sākshī hai' (history is witness).

ترکیب‌های رایج

कड़ी निन्दा (Kaṛī nindā)

सार्वजनिक निन्दा (Sārvajanik nindā)

निन्दा प्रस्ताव (Nindā prastāv)

तीखी निन्दा (Tīkhī nindā)

घोर निन्दा (Ghor nindā)

निन्दा का पात्र (Nindā kā pātra)

बिना वजह निन्दा (Binā vajah nindā)

चौतरफा निन्दा (Chautarfā nindā)

निन्दा करना (Nindā karnā)

निन्दा सहना (Nindā sahnā)

عبارات رایج

निन्दा रस (Nindā Ras)

— The 'pleasure' or 'juice' one gets from criticizing others. Often used in a satirical sense.

कुछ लोगों को निन्दा रस में बहुत आनंद आता है।

पर-निन्दा (Par-nindā)

— Criticizing others (as opposed to self-criticism).

पर-निन्दा से दूर रहना चाहिए।

आत्म-निन्दा (Ātma-nindā)

— Self-criticism or self-reproach.

अत्यधिक आत्म-निन्दा भी हानिकारक है।

निन्दा का दौर (Nindā kā daur)

— A period or cycle of widespread criticism.

चुनाव के समय निन्दा का दौर शुरू हो जाता है।

निन्दा की लहर (Nindā kī lahar)

— A wave of criticism sweeping through a group or society.

घोटाले के बाद निन्दा की लहर दौड़ गई।

निन्दा से बचना (Nindā se bachnā)

— To avoid criticism or to stay away from the act of criticizing.

सज्जन लोग निन्दा से बचते हैं।

निन्दा का शिकार (Nindā kā shikār)

— A victim of criticism.

वह राजनीति में निन्दा का शिकार हुआ।

निन्दा के स्वर (Nindā ke svar)

— Voices or tones of criticism.

बैठक में निन्दा के स्वर सुनाई दिए।

निन्दा की भाषा (Nindā kī bhāshā)

— The language of criticism/censure.

उसकी निन्दा की भाषा बहुत कठोर थी।

बिना सोचे-समझे निन्दा (Binā soche-samjhe nindā)

— Criticism without thinking or reflection.

बिना सोचे-समझे निन्दा करना मूर्खता है।

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

निन्दा vs नींद (Nīnd)

Means 'sleep'. Learners often mispronounce 'nindā' as 'nind' or vice versa.

निन्दा vs आलोचना (Ālochanā)

Means 'criticism' but is more analytical and can be positive. 'Nindā' is purely negative.

निन्दा vs निंदा (Nindā) vs. निन्द्य (Nindya)

'Nindā' is the noun (criticism), 'nindya' is the adjective (reprehensible).

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"निन्दक नियरे राखिये (Nindak niyare rakhiye)"

— Keep your critic close to you. From a famous Kabir couplet, suggesting critics help us improve.

कबीर कहते हैं कि निन्दक नियरे राखिये, आँगन कुटी छवाय।

Literary/Poetic

"निन्दा का टीका (Nindā kā ṭīkā)"

— A mark of disgrace or a label of being a critic/criticized.

उसने अपने माथे पर निन्दा का टीका लगवा लिया है।

Figurative

"निन्दा की आग में जलना (Nindā kī āg meñ jalnā)"

— To suffer deeply due to being criticized.

वह समाज की निन्दा की आग में जल रहा है।

Metaphorical

"मुँह पर निन्दा करना (Muñh par nindā karnā)"

— To criticize someone to their face (usually considered bold/honest).

वह पीठ पीछे नहीं, मुँह पर निन्दा करता है।

Neutral

"निन्दा का पहाड़ (Nindā kā pahāṛ)"

— A huge amount of criticism.

उस पर निन्दा का पहाड़ टूट पड़ा।

Exaggerated

"निन्दा की बौछार (Nindā kī bauchhār)"

— A shower/barrage of criticism.

पत्रकारों ने उस पर निन्दा की बौछार कर दी।

Informal

"निन्दा में समय गँवाना (Nindā meñ samay gañvānā)"

— To waste time in criticizing others.

दूसरों की निन्दा में समय गँवाना बेकार है।

Moralizing

"निन्दा का ज़हर (Nindā kā zahar)"

— The 'poison' of criticism that ruins relationships.

निन्दा का ज़हर दोस्ती को खत्म कर देता है।

Poetic

"निन्दा का बाज़ार गर्म होना (Nindā kā bāzār garm honā)"

— When there is a lot of gossip or criticism going on in public.

आजकल शहर में उसकी निन्दा का बाज़ार गर्म है।

Colloquial

"निन्दा को गले लगाना (Nindā ko gale lagānā)"

— To accept criticism gracefully (rarely used, usually positive).

महान लोग निन्दा को भी गले लगा लेते हैं।

Spiritual

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

निन्दा vs आलोचना (Ālochanā)

Both translate to 'criticism' in English.

Ālochanā is scholarly and can include praise; Nindā is judgmental and purely negative.

फिल्म की आलोचना अच्छी थी, लेकिन उसकी हरकतों की निन्दा हुई।

निन्दा vs भर्त्सना (Bhartsanā)

Both mean 'condemnation'.

Bhartsanā is much stronger and more formal, often used for heinous crimes or international incidents.

चोरी की निन्दा हुई, लेकिन हत्या की भर्त्सना की गई।

निन्दा vs बुराई (Burāī)

Both involve saying bad things.

Burāī is common, everyday gossip; Nindā is formal and moralistic.

दोस्तों में बुराई चलती है, पर सभा में निन्दा होती है।

निन्दा vs शिकायत (Shikāyat)

Both express dissatisfaction.

Shikāyat is a complaint about a specific problem; Nindā is a judgment of character or policy.

मुझे खाने की शिकायत है, रसोइए की निन्दा नहीं।

निन्दा vs तिरस्कार (Tiraskār)

Both are negative social actions.

Tiraskār is active rejection or contempt; Nindā is verbal criticism.

उसने मेरी सलाह की निन्दा की और मेरा तिरस्कार किया।

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

[Person] की निन्दा मत करो।

राम की निन्दा मत करो।

वह सबकी निन्दा करता है।

[Event] की कड़ी निन्दा हुई।

हादसे की कड़ी निन्दा हुई।

[Subject] ने [Object] की निन्दा की।

जनता ने नेता की निन्दा की।

निन्दा के बावजूद [Positive Action]।

निन्दा के बावजूद उसने काम पूरा किया।

[Subject] निन्दा का पात्र बन गया है।

वह भ्रष्टाचार के कारण निन्दा का पात्र बन गया है।

[Subject] की चौतरफा निन्दा हो रही है।

इस कानून की चौतरफा निन्दा हो रही है।

निन्दा और स्तुति में समान रहना [Concept] है।

निन्दा और स्तुति में समान रहना ही योग है।

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

निन्दक (Nindak) - Critic/One who criticizes

निन्दनीयता (Nindanīyatā) - Reprehensibility

فعل‌ها

निन्दा करना (Nindā karnā) - To criticize

निन्दित होना (Nindit honā) - To be criticized/blamed

صفت‌ها

निन्दनीय (Nindanīya) - Reprehensible/Censurable

निन्दित (Nindit) - Blamed/Censured

निन्दात्मक (Nindātmak) - Defamatory/Critical

مرتبط

आलोचना (Ālochanā)

भर्त्सना (Bhartsanā)

बुराई (Burāī)

अपवाद (Apvād)

तिरस्कार (Tiraskār)

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نحوه استفاده

frequency

High in news, medium in daily speech, high in literature.

اشتباهات رایج

Using 'uskā nindā' instead of 'uskī nindā'. → उसकी निन्दा (Uskī nindā)
Nindā is feminine, so the possessive pronoun must be feminine.
Saying 'nindā kiyā' instead of 'nindā kī'. → निन्दा की (Nindā kī)
In the past tense with 'ne', the verb agrees with the object 'nindā', which is feminine.
Using 'nindā' for analytical book reviews. → आलोचना (Ālochanā)
Nindā is too negative for a balanced review; ālochanā is the correct technical term.
Pronouncing it as 'nind' (rhyming with 'wind'). → Nindā (long ā)
Dropping the final vowel changes the meaning to 'sleep' (nīnd).
Using 'nindā' to mean a general complaint. → शिकायत (Shikāyat)
Nindā is a moral/social judgment; shikāyat is for specific problems or services.

نکات

Gender Alert

Always treat 'nindā' as feminine. This is the #1 mistake students make. Say 'merī nindā' and 'nindā kī gaī'.

News Reader Secret

If you want to understand Hindi news, master 'kaṛī nindā'. You will hear it every single day.

Kabir's Wisdom

Learn the doha 'Nindak niyare rakhiye'. It's a great conversation starter with native speakers.

Don't be too formal

Avoid using 'nindā' when gossiping about a TV show with friends; 'burāī' or 'bakvās' is better there.

Compound Verbs

Pair 'nindā' with 'karnā' (to do), 'sahnā' (to bear), or 'jhelnā' (to face).

Public vs Private

'Lok-nindā' refers specifically to public shame. Use it when discussing social issues.

The 'A' matters

Make sure you don't drop the final 'ā'. 'Nind' is sleep, 'Nindā' is criticism. Big difference!

Nindā Ras

Read Harishankar Parsai if you want to see how this word is used in brilliant satire.

Par-nindā

'Par-nindā' (criticizing others) is often cited as a vice in Indian moral stories.

Adjective Forms

Learn 'nindanīya' (reprehensible). It's a very high-level adjective to use in essays.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 'Nindā' as 'Negative-Data.' When you criticize, you are giving out negative data about someone.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a person pointing a finger (the universal sign of blame) while saying 'Nindā!'. The finger looks like the letter 'N'.

شبکه واژگان

Criticism Censure Moral Kabir Politics Feminine Kī Nindā Bhartsanā

چالش

Write three sentences about a movie you hated using the word 'nindā' instead of 'burā.' Try to use 'kī nindā' and 'nindā huī'.

ریشه کلمه

Derived from the Sanskrit root 'निद्' (nid), which means 'to blame,' 'to revile,' or 'to reproach.' It has been a core part of the Indo-Aryan vocabulary for millennia.

معنای اصلی: Blame, abuse, or finding fault.

Indo-European -> Indo-Iranian -> Indo-Aryan -> Sanskrit -> Hindi.

بافت فرهنگی

Be careful using 'nindā' in casual settings as it can sound very harsh or judgmental. Stick to 'burāī' or 'shikāyat' for lighthearted complaints.

English speakers might find 'nindā' more formal than 'criticism.' It's closer to 'censure' or 'condemnation' in tone.

Kabir's Doha: 'Nindak niyare rakhiye...' Harishankar Parsai's essay: 'Nindā Ras' The Mahabharata: Discussions on the ethics of speech and 'par-nindā'.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Politics

कड़ी निन्दा (Strong condemnation)
निन्दा प्रस्ताव (Censure motion)
बयान की निन्दा (Criticism of a statement)
चौतरफा निन्दा (All-around criticism)

Ethics/Religion

पर-निन्दा (Criticizing others)
निन्दा का त्याग (Giving up criticism)
निन्दक (The critic)
पाप (Sin)

Literature

काव्य निन्दा (Criticism of poetry)
निन्दा रस (Sentiment of criticism)
लेखक की निन्दा (Criticism of the author)
पात्र की निन्दा (Criticism of a character)

Social Life

लोक-निन्दा (Public censure)
परिवार की निन्दा (Family's disgrace)
मुँह पर निन्दा (Face-to-face criticism)
पीठ पीछे निन्दा (Backbiting)

News/Media

निन्दा की लहर (Wave of criticism)
सोशल मीडिया पर निन्दा (Criticism on social media)
घोर निन्दा (Severe condemnation)
निन्दा का पात्र बनना (To become an object of criticism)

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"क्या आपको लगता है कि राजनीति में सिर्फ निन्दा ही होती है? (Do you think only criticism happens in politics?)"

"कबीर का 'निन्दक नियरे राखिये' वाला दोहा आपको कैसा लगता है? (How do you feel about Kabir's couplet 'Keep the critic close'?)"

"अगर कोई आपकी निन्दा करे, तो आप क्या करेंगे? (If someone criticizes you, what will you do?)"

"क्या निन्दा और आलोचना एक ही चीज़ हैं? (Are ninda and alochanā the same thing?)"

"समाज में निन्दा का क्या महत्व है? (What is the importance of censure in society?)"

موضوعات نگارش

आज मैंने किसी की निन्दा की या नहीं? अगर की, तो क्यों? (Did I criticize anyone today? If yes, why?)

जब मेरी निन्दा हुई, तो मुझे कैसा महसूस हुआ? (How did I feel when I was criticized?)

क्या मैं 'निन्दा रस' का आनंद लेता हूँ? (Do I enjoy the 'sentiment of criticism'?)

मेरे जीवन में एक 'निन्दक' की क्या भूमिका हो सकती है? (What role can a 'critic' play in my life?)

कड़ी निन्दा और रचनात्मक सुधार में क्या अंतर है? (What is the difference between strong condemnation and constructive improvement?)

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

It is a feminine noun. You should always use feminine markers like 'kī' and 'huī' with it. For example, 'Sarkār kī nindā huī' (The government was criticized).

'Nindā' is purely negative and often implies moral judgment or condemnation. 'Ālochanā' is more objective and analytical, used for reviewing books, movies, or policies, and can include both pros and cons.

Use 'bhartsanā' for very serious or official condemnation, such as a government's response to a terrorist attack. Use 'nindā' for general formal criticism or moral disapproval.

Not really. 'Nindā' is usually reserved for people, their actions, or formal works like books and policies. For a bad meal, 'shikāyat' (complaint) or just saying 'khānā burā hai' is more natural.

It's a famous quote by the poet Kabir meaning 'Keep your critic close.' He believed that critics help us improve our character by pointing out our flaws.

It's less common in very casual slang but very frequent in formal discussions, news, and literature. In daily life, people often use 'burāī' or 'bitching' (Hinglish).

The most common way is 'nindā karnā.' Remember to use 'kī' for the person being criticized: 'Uskī nindā karnā' (To criticize him/her).

It is a 'censure motion' in parliament, a formal way for the opposition to express their disapproval of the government's actions.

Usually, yes. It implies that the person or thing being criticized has done something ethically or professionally wrong.

The most common opposite is 'prashansā' (praise). In religious or poetic contexts, 'stuti' (adoration) is also used.

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