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B2 adjective 9 دقیقه مطالعه

रोगाणुरोधी

roganurodhi
تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها रोगाणुरोधी در ۳۰ ثانیه
توضیح रोगाणुरोधी in your Level:
At the A1 level, 'रोगाणुरोधी' (Rogāṇurōdhī) is considered a very advanced and difficult word. You don't need to use it in daily conversation yet. Most A1 learners will simply use 'साफ' (sāf - clean) or 'अच्छा' (acchā - good). However, you might see this word on a soap bottle or a hand sanitizer in India. If you see it, just remember it means the soap is very strong and kills tiny things that make you sick. It's like a 'super-clean' word. You can think of it as 'Germ-Blocker'. Don't worry about the spelling or grammar too much right now; just recognize that 'Rog' means disease and 'Rodhi' means stop. So, it stops disease. This word is helpful if you are shopping in a pharmacy in India and want to make sure you are buying the right kind of medicine or soap. For now, just focus on hearing the sounds: Ro-ga-nu-ro-dhi.
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At the A2 level, you are starting to understand more specific words. You can begin to recognize 'रोगाणुरोधी' as a formal way to say 'germ-killing'. While you might still use 'कीटाणु' (kīṭāṇu - germ) in your own speaking, you should be able to read 'रोगाणुरोधी' on product labels. You will notice that it is an adjective, so it usually comes before a noun like 'साबुन' (soap) or 'क्रीम' (cream). A good way to remember it is by its parts: Rog (disease) + Anu (tiny particle) + Rodhi (blocker). In an A2 context, you might use it in a simple sentence like 'This soap is antimicrobial' (यह साबुन रोगाणुरोधी है). You don't need to use it in complex scientific discussions yet, but knowing this word helps you understand health-related signs in public places like metro stations or hospitals.
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At the B1 level, you are moving into intermediate territory where vocabulary becomes more precise. You should start using 'रोगाणुरोधी' instead of just 'कीटाणुनाशक' when you want to sound more formal or when discussing health topics. You will encounter this word in news articles about health, environment, or science. You should be able to understand its meaning in sentences like 'Natural things like Neem are antimicrobial' (नीम जैसी प्राकृतिक चीजें रोगाणुरोधी होती हैं). At this stage, you should also be careful with the pronunciation of the 'ṇ' and 'dh' sounds. You are expected to know that this word describes a property of a substance. You might also see it in the context of 'hygiene' (स्वच्छता). It's a key word for anyone living in India who needs to navigate pharmacies or talk to doctors about basic skin infections or hygiene products.
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At the B2 level, 'रोगाणुरोधी' is a word you should use confidently. You are expected to understand the nuance that it is an umbrella term covering antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties. You will use it in discussions about public health, global issues like 'Antimicrobial Resistance' (रोगाणुरोधी प्रतिरोध), and scientific advancements. You should be able to use it as a predicative adjective (The solution is antimicrobial) and an attributive adjective (The antimicrobial solution). You will also start to see how it is used in official government documents and health advisories. At this level, you should be able to explain the word to someone else using Hindi, perhaps by saying 'यह वह पदार्थ है जो सूक्ष्मजीवों को बढ़ने से रोकता है' (It is a substance that prevents microorganisms from growing). Your pronunciation should be clear and accurate.
At the C1 level, 'रोगाणुरोधी' is part of your professional and academic vocabulary. You use it with precision and understand its etymological roots in Sanskrit. You can distinguish it from related terms like 'प्रतिजैविक' (antibiotic) or 'जीवाणुरोधी' (antibacterial) with ease. You will encounter and use this word in complex debates about medical ethics, pharmaceutical research, and environmental policies. You should be comfortable reading research papers in Hindi that use this term and be able to write formal reports or essays using it. You understand the stylistic choice of using a 'Tatshama' word like this to maintain a formal register. You might also use it metaphorically or in highly specialized contexts like 'antimicrobial coatings' in nanotechnology. Your command over the word includes knowing its collocations and common academic phrases.
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At the C2 level, you have complete mastery over 'रोगाणुरोधी'. You understand its historical evolution in the Hindi language and how it fits into the broader linguistic landscape of technical terminology. You can use it with subtle irony or in highly specialized medical discourse. You might discuss the linguistic challenges of translating such technical terms from English to Hindi. You are aware of how the word is used in different dialects or registers across the Hindi-speaking world. You can effortlessly switch between the highly formal 'रोगाणुरोधी' and colloquial alternatives depending on your audience, and you might even critique the use of the word in public health messaging. For you, the word is not just a vocabulary item but a tool for precise, nuanced communication in any professional or intellectual setting.
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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

रोगाणुरोधी در ۳۰ ثانیه

  • Rogāṇurōdhī means antimicrobial, a substance that kills or inhibits microorganisms.
  • It is a formal, scientific term derived from Sanskrit roots 'Rog', 'Anu', and 'Rodhi'.
  • Commonly used in medical, hygiene, and industrial contexts to describe soaps, drugs, or coatings.
  • Essential for discussing modern health challenges like drug resistance and hospital sanitation.

The Hindi word रोगाणुरोधी (Rogāṇurōdhī) is a sophisticated technical term primarily used in medical, scientific, and hygiene-related contexts. To understand it, one must break down its Sanskrit-derived components: रोग (Rog) meaning disease, अणु (Aṇu) meaning atom or microscopic particle (here referring to microorganisms), and रोधी (Rodhī) meaning resistant, blocking, or preventing. Together, it translates precisely to 'antimicrobial'. It describes any substance or property that acts against microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. While a common person might use simpler words like 'कीटाणुनाशक' (kīṭāṇunāśak - germ-killer) in daily chores, 'रोगाणुरोधी' is the term you will find on the packaging of high-end soaps, hand sanitizers, and in medical prescriptions. Its usage has surged significantly in the post-pandemic era as public awareness regarding hygiene and sanitization reached new heights in India. When you hear this word, think of a protective shield that doesn't just clean, but actively fights off invisible threats to health.

Technical Classification
It is an adjective used to qualify nouns like soap (साबुन), solution (घोल), or properties (गुण). It implies a proactive defense mechanism rather than a passive state of cleanliness.
Etymological Roots
Derived from the Tatshama (pure Sanskrit) tradition of Hindi, making it sound formal and authoritative. This is why it is preferred in news broadcasts and scientific journals over colloquial alternatives.

अस्पताल में रोगाणुरोधी पेंट का उपयोग किया गया है ताकि संक्रमण न फैले। (Antimicrobial paint has been used in the hospital so that infection does not spread.)

In a broader sense, the word is used to discuss global health challenges such as 'Antimicrobial Resistance' (रोगाणुरोधी प्रतिरोध). This specific phrase is a staple in Indian health ministry briefings. The word carries a weight of scientific validity. If a product is labeled 'रोगाणुरोधी', it suggests it has undergone rigorous testing to prove its efficacy against a broad spectrum of pathogens. For a learner, mastering this word signals a transition from basic conversational Hindi to a more professional or academic level of fluency. It is also worth noting that the word does not change its form based on gender or number in standard usage when acting as an adjective, which simplifies its application in complex sentences. However, its pronunciation requires careful attention to the retroflex 'ṇ' (ण) and the aspirated 'dh' (ध), which are markers of a native-like accent.

वैज्ञानिक एक नए रोगाणुरोधी तत्व की खोज कर रहे हैं। (Scientists are searching for a new antimicrobial element.)

The versatility of 'रोगाणुरोधी' extends to textile industries as well, where 'रोगाणुरोधी कपड़े' (antimicrobial fabrics) are marketed for athletes and medical professionals. This reflects the modernization of the Hindi vocabulary, where ancient roots are adapted to define cutting-edge technology. In summary, use this word in health, science, and professional cleaning contexts to convey a high level of specificity regarding the prevention of microbial growth.

Using रोगाणुरोधी correctly involves understanding its role as a modifier. Since it is a 'Tatshama' adjective, it precedes the noun it describes. In Hindi grammar, adjectives like this are relatively stable, but the context must be appropriate. You wouldn't typically use it for washing your hands after a meal (where 'साफ' or 'कीटाणुमुक्त' would suffice), but you would use it when discussing the clinical efficacy of a hand rub.

Placement Rule
Always place 'रोगाणुरोधी' immediately before the noun. For example: 'रोगाणुरोधी साबुन' (Antimicrobial soap), 'रोगाणुरोधी परत' (Antimicrobial coating).

क्या इस क्रीम में रोगाणुरोधी शक्ति है? (Does this cream have antimicrobial power?)

When constructing complex sentences, especially in the passive voice which is common in scientific Hindi, 'रोगाणुरोधी' remains unchanged. For instance, 'सतह को रोगाणुरोधी बनाया गया है' (The surface has been made antimicrobial). Here, the word functions as a predicative adjective. It is also important to distinguish it from 'प्रतिजैविक' (antibiotic). While all antibiotics are antimicrobial, not all antimicrobials are antibiotics. 'रोगाणुरोधी' is the umbrella term. If you are writing a report on public health, you might write: 'रोगाणुरोधी प्रतिरोध एक वैश्विक संकट है' (Antimicrobial resistance is a global crisis). This sentence structure is standard for B2 and C1 level Hindi proficiency.

हल्दी में प्राकृतिक रोगाणुरोधी गुण होते हैं। (Turmeric has natural antimicrobial properties.)

In pharmaceutical contexts, you will see it paired with 'दवा' (medicine) or 'प्रणाली' (system). For example, 'रोगाणुरोधी दवा प्रणाली' (Antimicrobial drug system). The word is also frequently used in environmental science when discussing water treatment. 'पानी को रोगाणुरोधी बनाने के लिए क्लोरीन का उपयोग किया जाता है' (Chlorine is used to make water antimicrobial). By practicing these varied contexts, a learner can appreciate the breadth of the word's application. Remember that in Hindi, the emphasis is on the 'dhi' at the end, which should be voiced clearly to distinguish it from 'rogi' (patient).

In contemporary India, रोगाणुरोधी is no longer confined to textbooks. You will encounter it in several real-world scenarios. The most common is through mass media advertisements. Brands like Dettol, Lifebuoy, and Phenyl often use this term in their Hindi commercials to appeal to a sense of scientific reliability. Instead of just saying 'clean', they claim their products provide 'रोगाणुरोधी सुरक्षा' (antimicrobial protection). This is a strategic choice to sound more 'expert' than competitors using basic vocabulary.

News & Media
During health segments on channels like ABP News or Aaj Tak, especially when discussing outbreaks or seasonal flus, doctors are interviewed using this term frequently.
Hospitals & Clinics
Signage in modern Indian hospitals often includes Hindi translations. You might see 'रोगाणुरोधी स्वच्छता' (Antimicrobial hygiene) near surgical wards.

समाचार: सरकार ने रोगाणुरोधी दवाओं के दुरुपयोग पर चेतावनी दी है। (News: The government has warned against the misuse of antimicrobial drugs.)

Another place is the packaging of skincare products. With the rise of 'Ayurvedic Science', many brands combine traditional ingredients like Neem and Tulsi with modern claims, stating they have 'प्राकृतिक रोगाणुरोधी गुण' (natural antimicrobial properties). In educational settings, from secondary school biology to medical college lectures delivered in Hindi, this is the standard term. If you are listening to a podcast about health or biotechnology in Hindi, 'रोगाणुरोधी' will be a recurring keyword. It is also used in government awareness campaigns (Jan Andolan) regarding sanitation and the 'Swachh Bharat Abhiyan' (Clean India Mission), particularly when explaining the 'why' behind certain hygiene practices.

Finally, you will hear it in corporate settings, specifically in the manufacturing and R&D sectors of Indian pharmaceutical giants like Sun Pharma or Cipla. Internal training modules for employees often use this formal vocabulary to ensure precision in safety protocols. Understanding this word allows you to navigate these professional environments with much greater ease.

For English speakers and even native Hindi speakers, रोगाणुरोधी can be a bit of a tongue-twister and a source of conceptual confusion. One of the most frequent errors is confusing it with रोग-प्रतिरोधी (Rog-Pratirodhī). While they look similar, 'रोग-प्रतिरोधी' usually refers to 'immunity' (the body's ability to resist disease), whereas 'रोगाणुरोधी' refers to a substance's ability to kill or inhibit microorganisms externally or as a drug.

Mistake 1: Confusing with Immunity
Incorrect: 'मेरा शरीर रोगाणुरोधी है।' (My body is antimicrobial.) Correct: 'मेरा शरीर रोग-प्रतिरोधी है।' (My body is immune/resistant to disease.)
Mistake 2: Pronunciation of 'ण' (ṇ)
Many learners replace the retroflex 'ṇ' in 'Rogāṇu' with a simple dental 'n'. This changes the phonetic 'texture' of the word and can make it harder for natives to understand in a fast conversation.

गलत: यह दवा रोग-प्रतिरोधी है। (Wrong: This medicine is 'immune'.) सही: यह दवा रोगाणुरोधी है। (Right: This medicine is antimicrobial.)

Another common mistake is using it interchangeably with 'कीटाणुनाशक' (Kīṭāṇunāśak). While 'Kīṭāṇunāśak' specifically means 'germ-killer' (disinfectant), 'रोगाणुरोधी' is broader and includes substances that merely inhibit growth without necessarily killing the organism immediately. Using the technical term 'रोगाणुरोधी' for a simple kitchen cleaner might sound overly dramatic or 'bookish'. Conversely, using 'कीटाणुनाशक' in a medical thesis where 'antimicrobial' is required would be seen as imprecise. Learners also often forget the 'u' (ु) sound after 'ṇ' (ण), pronouncing it as 'Rogāṇ-rodhī'. The 'u' is essential as it connects the 'microorganism' part of the word to the 'blocker' part.

Finally, watch out for spelling. The 'dh' in 'rodhī' is 'ध', not 'द' (d). Pronouncing it as 'rodī' would change the meaning entirely or make the word nonsensical. In Hindi, aspiration (the puff of air) is phonemic, meaning it changes the word's identity. Ensure you are exhaling slightly when you reach the 'dh' sound.

While रोगाणुरोधी is the most accurate translation for 'antimicrobial', several related words exist in Hindi depending on the register and specific biological target. Understanding these nuances will help you choose the right word for the right situation.

प्रतिजैविक (Pratijaivik)
Meaning 'Antibiotic'. This is a subset of antimicrobials. Use this specifically for medicines like Penicillin that target bacteria. Comparison: 'रोगाणुरोधी' is the category; 'प्रतिजैविक' is a specific member.
कीटाणुनाशक (Kīṭāṇunāśak)
Meaning 'Disinfectant' or 'Germicide'. This is more common in household contexts. Comparison: 'रोगाणुरोधी' sounds like science; 'कीटाणुनाशक' sounds like a cleaning product.
संक्रमणरोधी (Saṅkramaṇrodhī)
Meaning 'Anti-infective'. This refers to anything that prevents the spread of infection (saṅkramaṇ).

तुलना: 'साबुन रोगाणुरोधी है' (तकनीकी) बनाम 'साबुन कीटाणु मारता है' (आम)। (Comparison: 'Soap is antimicrobial' (Technical) vs 'Soap kills germs' (Common).)

For more specific targets, Hindi uses prefixes: जीवाणुरोधी (Jīvāṇurōdhī) for 'Antibacterial' and विषाणुरोधी (Viṣāṇurōdhī) for 'Antiviral'. If you are in a lab, you would use these precise terms. However, in a general health discussion, 'रोगाणुरोधी' is the safe, all-encompassing choice. Another interesting alternative is एंटीसेप्टिक (Antiseptic), which is actually the English word transliterated into Hindi script. Because of British influence on Indian medicine, many doctors will simply say 'एंटीसेप्टिक क्रीम' instead of 'रोगाणुरोधी क्रीम'. However, in formal writing or on exam papers, the Hindi term is mandatory. Understanding this spectrum—from the colloquial 'कीटाणुनाशक' to the technical 'रोगाणुरोधी' to the borrowed 'एंटीसेप्टिक'—gives you the flexibility to adapt your Hindi to any audience.

چقدر رسمی است؟

رسمی

"रोगाणुरोधी प्रतिरोध के उन्मूलन हेतु वैश्विक रणनीतियों की समीक्षा की जा रही है।"

خنثی

"डॉक्टर ने घाव के लिए रोगाणुरोधी क्रीम लिखी है।"

غیر رسمی

"ये साबुन रोगाणुरोधी है, इससे हाथ धो लो।"

Child friendly

"यह जादू वाला साबुन रोगाणुरोधी है, यह कीटाणुओं को भगा देता है!"

عامیانه

"भाई, ये सैनिटाइजर एकदम रोगाणुरोधी पावरहाउस है!"

نکته جالب

The suffix '-rodhi' is one of the most versatile in Hindi, used to create words for 'waterproof', 'fireproof', and even 'bulletproof' (goli-rodhi).

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /roː.ɡɑː.ɳu.roː.d̪ʱiː/
US /roʊ.ɡɑː.nu.roʊ.diː/
Primary stress is on the third syllable 'ṇu', with secondary stress on the first syllable 'ro'.
هم‌قافیه با
विरोधी (Virōdhī - Opponent) अवरोधी (Avarōdhī - Obstructive) प्रतिरोधी (Pratirōdhī - Resistant) निरोधी (Nirōdhī - Preventive) परोपरोधी (Parōparōdhī) गतिरोधी (Gatirōdhī - Deadlock) दोषरोधी (Dōṣarōdhī) तापरोधी (Tāparōdhī - Heatproof)
خطاهای رایج
  • Pronouncing 'ṇ' as a simple 'n'.
  • Missing the aspiration in 'dh' (sounding like 'd').
  • Shortening the long 'o' vowels.
  • Adding an extra vowel sound between 'ṇ' and 'r'.
  • Failing to pronounce the final 'ī' long enough.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 7/5

Requires knowledge of complex Sanskrit-derived compound words.

نوشتن 8/5

Spelling the retroflex 'ṇ' and aspirated 'dh' correctly is challenging.

صحبت کردن 8/5

Maintaining the flow of four syllables with distinct phonetic features is hard.

گوش دادن 6/5

Easily recognizable once the 'Rog' and 'Rodhi' parts are learned.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

रोग (Rog) साफ (Sāf) दवा (Davā) कीटाणु (Kīṭāṇu) रोकना (Roknā)

بعداً یاد بگیرید

प्रतिजैविक (Pratijaivik) प्रतिरोध (Pratirodh) सूक्ष्मजीव (Sūkṣmajīv) संक्रमण (Saṅkramaṇ) प्रभावकारिता (Prabhāvkāritā)

پیشرفته

फार्माकोकाइनेटिक्स महामारी विज्ञान जैव-प्रौद्योगिकी आणविक जीव विज्ञान प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली

گرامر لازم

Tatshama Adjectives

Words like 'रोगाणुरोधी' do not change with the gender of the noun. (e.g., रोगाणुरोधी साबुन [M], रोगाणुरोधी क्रीम [F])

Compound Word Formation (Sandhi/Samas)

Rog + Anu + Rodhi = Rogāṇurōdhī.

Suffix '-rodhi'

Used to denote 'resistant to' or 'prevention of'.

Postpositions with Adjectives

When using 'ne' or 'ko', the adjective 'रोगाणुरोधी' remains stable.

Aspiration in Consonants

The 'dh' in 'rodhi' must be aspirated to be understood correctly.

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

यह रोगाणुरोधी साबुन है।

This is antimicrobial soap.

Simple Subject + Adjective + Noun structure.

2

क्या यह क्रीम रोगाणुरोधी है?

Is this cream antimicrobial?

Interrogative sentence using 'kyā'.

3

रोगाणुरोधी घोल का उपयोग करें।

Use antimicrobial solution.

Imperative sentence (command).

4

यह दवा रोगाणुरोधी है।

This medicine is antimicrobial.

Simple 'is' sentence.

5

रोगाणुरोधी परत अच्छी है।

The antimicrobial coating is good.

Adjective modifying 'parat' (layer/coating).

6

नीम रोगाणुरोधी होता है।

Neem is antimicrobial.

General fact using 'hotā hai'.

7

मुझे रोगाणुरोधी स्प्रे चाहिए।

I want antimicrobial spray.

Expressing a need with 'chāhiye'.

8

यह पानी रोगाणुरोधी है।

This water is antimicrobial.

Simple demonstrative 'yeh'.

1

हाथ धोने के लिए रोगाणुरोधी साबुन सबसे अच्छा है।

Antimicrobial soap is best for washing hands.

Use of 'ke liye' (for) and 'sabse acchā' (best).

2

डॉक्टर ने रोगाणुरोधी क्रीम लगाने को कहा।

The doctor said to apply antimicrobial cream.

Indirect speech with 'ne' and 'ko kahā'.

3

बाज़ार में कई रोगाणुरोधी उत्पाद मिलते हैं।

Many antimicrobial products are available in the market.

Plural noun 'utpād' (products).

4

क्या आपके पास रोगाणुरोधी हैंडवाश है?

Do you have antimicrobial handwash?

Possessive 'āpke pās'.

5

यह पेंट रोगाणुरोधी गुणों के साथ आता है।

This paint comes with antimicrobial properties.

Compound phrase 'guṇoṃ ke sāth'.

6

हमें रोगाणुरोधी स्वच्छता बनाए रखनी चाहिए।

We should maintain antimicrobial hygiene.

Use of 'chāhiye' for obligation.

7

तुलसी एक प्राकृतिक रोगाणुरोधी पौधा है।

Tulsi is a natural antimicrobial plant.

Multiple adjectives modifying 'paudhā'.

8

अस्पताल में रोगाणुरोधी स्प्रे का प्रयोग होता है।

Antimicrobial spray is used in hospitals.

Passive-like construction 'prayōg hotā hai'.

1

वैज्ञानिक नए रोगाणुरोधी तत्वों की खोज कर रहे हैं।

Scientists are searching for new antimicrobial elements.

Present continuous tense.

2

रोगाणुरोधी प्रतिरोध एक बड़ी समस्या बनती जा रही है।

Antimicrobial resistance is becoming a big problem.

Compound verb 'bantī jā rahī hai'.

3

यह सतह रोगाणुरोधी परत से ढकी हुई है।

This surface is covered with an antimicrobial layer.

Perfective participle 'ḍhakī huī'.

4

हल्दी का उपयोग इसके रोगाणुरोधी गुणों के कारण किया जाता है।

Turmeric is used because of its antimicrobial properties.

Causal phrase 'ke kāraṇ'.

5

क्या आप जानते हैं कि कौन सी जड़ी-बूटियाँ रोगाणुरोधी होती हैं?

Do you know which herbs are antimicrobial?

Interrogative clause 'ki kaun sī'.

6

रोगाणुरोधी दवाओं का अधिक उपयोग खतरनाक हो सकता है।

Overuse of antimicrobial drugs can be dangerous.

Use of 'ho saktā hai' (can be).

7

कंपनी ने एक नया रोगाणुरोधी कपड़ा विकसित किया है।

The company has developed a new antimicrobial fabric.

Present perfect tense with 'ne'.

8

इस फिल्टर में रोगाणुरोधी तकनीक का इस्तेमाल किया गया है।

Antimicrobial technology has been used in this filter.

Passive voice 'istemāl kiyā gayā hai'.

1

रोगाणुरोधी प्रतिरोध को रोकने के लिए वैश्विक सहयोग आवश्यक है।

Global cooperation is essential to prevent antimicrobial resistance.

Infinitive 'rokne ke liye' to express purpose.

2

इस शोध पत्र में रोगाणुरोधी प्रभावकारिता का विश्लेषण किया गया है।

The antimicrobial efficacy has been analyzed in this research paper.

Formal academic 'viśleṣaṇ kiyā gayā hai'.

3

तांबे में प्राकृतिक रूप से रोगाणुरोधी क्षमता होती है।

Copper naturally possesses antimicrobial capacity.

Adverbial phrase 'prākṛtik rūp se'.

4

सरकार रोगाणुरोधी दवाओं की बिक्री पर कड़े नियम लागू कर रही है।

The government is implementing strict rules on the sale of antimicrobial drugs.

Complex object 'davāoṃ kī bikrī par'.

5

अस्पताल के संक्रमणों को कम करने के लिए रोगाणुरोधी सतहें महत्वपूर्ण हैं।

Antimicrobial surfaces are important for reducing hospital infections.

Gerund 'kam karne ke liye'.

6

यह नया यौगिक रोगाणुरोधी गतिविधि का प्रदर्शन करता है।

This new compound exhibits antimicrobial activity.

Formal verb 'pradarśan kartā hai'.

7

क्या रोगाणुरोधी रसायनों का पर्यावरण पर बुरा प्रभाव पड़ता है?

Do antimicrobial chemicals have a bad impact on the environment?

Interrogative with 'kyā' and 'par prabhāv paṛnā'.

8

भोजन के संरक्षण में रोगाणुरोधी एजेंटों की भूमिका महत्वपूर्ण है।

The role of antimicrobial agents in food preservation is significant.

Possessive 'agenton kī bhūmikā'.

1

रोगाणुरोधी प्रतिरोध की चुनौती से निपटने के लिए बहु-विषयक दृष्टिकोण की आवश्यकता है।

A multidisciplinary approach is needed to tackle the challenge of antimicrobial resistance.

Complex noun phrase 'bahu-viṣayak dṛṣṭikoṇ'.

2

नैनो-तकनीक ने रोगाणुरोधी कोटिंग्स के क्षेत्र में क्रांति ला दी है।

Nanotechnology has revolutionized the field of antimicrobial coatings.

Idiomatic 'krānti lā dī hai'.

3

दवाओं के अनुचित उपयोग ने रोगाणुरोधी प्रतिरोधी उपभेदों के विकास को बढ़ावा दिया है।

Inappropriate use of drugs has promoted the development of antimicrobial-resistant strains.

Formal 'anuchit upyog' and 'baṛhāvā diyā hai'.

4

रोगाणुरोधी स्टुअर्डशिप कार्यक्रम का उद्देश्य दवाओं के विवेकपूर्ण उपयोग को सुनिश्चित करना है।

The aim of the antimicrobial stewardship program is to ensure the judicious use of drugs.

Technical term 'stewārḍśip' and 'vivekpūrṇ'.

5

पौधों से प्राप्त रोगाणुरोधी पेप्टाइड्स भविष्य की दवाओं का आधार हो सकते हैं।

Antimicrobial peptides derived from plants could be the basis of future medicines.

Complex subject 'paudhoṃ se prāpt... peptides'.

6

सार्वजनिक स्वास्थ्य नीतियों में रोगाणुरोधी साक्षरता को प्राथमिकता दी जानी चाहिए।

Antimicrobial literacy should be prioritized in public health policies.

Passive 'dī jānī chāhiye'.

7

रोगाणुरोधी प्रभाव के तंत्र को समझना नई दवाओं के विकास के लिए अनिवार्य है।

Understanding the mechanism of antimicrobial action is mandatory for developing new drugs.

Abstract noun 'tantra' (mechanism).

8

क्या रोगाणुरोधी साबुन का अत्यधिक उपयोग हमारे प्राकृतिक माइक्रोबायोम को नुकसान पहुँचाता है?

Does the excessive use of antimicrobial soap harm our natural microbiome?

Complex interrogative structure.

1

रोगाणुरोधी प्रतिरोध की भयावहता को देखते हुए, कड़े विधायी ढांचे की अपरिहार्यता स्पष्ट है।

Given the severity of antimicrobial resistance, the inevitability of a strict legislative framework is clear.

High-level vocabulary 'bhayāvahatā' and 'aparihāryatā'.

2

पारिस्थितिक तंत्र में रोगाणुरोधी अवशेषों का संचय जैव-विविधता के लिए एक मूक खतरा है।

The accumulation of antimicrobial residues in the ecosystem is a silent threat to biodiversity.

Metaphorical 'mūk khatrā' (silent threat).

3

रोगाणुरोधी क्रियाशीलता के आणविक आधार का विवेचन इस शोध का मुख्य केंद्र है।

The discussion of the molecular basis of antimicrobial activity is the main focus of this research.

Sanskritized 'vivechan' and 'āṇvik ādhār'.

4

वैश्विक स्वास्थ्य सुरक्षा के लिए रोगाणुरोधी निगरानी तंत्र को सुदृढ़ करना सर्वोपरि है।

Strengthening the antimicrobial surveillance mechanism is paramount for global health security.

Superlative 'sarvopari'.

5

रोगाणुरोधी प्रतिरोध केवल एक चिकित्सा समस्या नहीं, बल्कि एक सामाजिक-आर्थिक चुनौती भी है।

Antimicrobial resistance is not just a medical problem, but also a socio-economic challenge.

Correlative conjunction 'keval... balki... bhī'.

6

अस्पताल की सेटिंग में रोगाणुरोधी कोटिंग्स के दीर्घकालिक स्थायित्व का मूल्यांकन अभी भी जारी है।

The evaluation of the long-term durability of antimicrobial coatings in hospital settings is still ongoing.

Compound noun 'dīrghakālik sthāyitva'.

7

रोगाणुरोधी प्रतिरोधी रोगाणुओं के उद्भव ने आधुनिक चिकित्सा की नींव को हिला दिया है।

The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant microbes has shaken the foundation of modern medicine.

Perfective 'hilā diyā hai'.

8

क्या हम एक ऐसे युग की ओर बढ़ रहे हैं जहाँ सामान्य संक्रमण भी रोगाणुरोधी दवाओं के प्रति प्रतिरोधी होंगे?

Are we moving towards an era where even common infections will be resistant to antimicrobial drugs?

Rhetorical question in future tense.

ترکیب‌های رایج

रोगाणुरोधी साबुन
रोगाणुरोधी प्रतिरोध
रोगाणुरोधी गुण
रोगाणुरोधी दवा
रोगाणुरोधी परत
रोगाणुरोधी क्रीम
रोगाणुरोधी तकनीक
रोगाणुरोधी स्वच्छता
रोगाणुरोधी एजेंट
रोगाणुरोधी गतिविधि

عبارات رایج

रोगाणुरोधी सुरक्षा

— Protection against germs.

यह उत्पाद आपको रोगाणुरोधी सुरक्षा देता है।

प्राकृतिक रोगाणुरोधी

— Antimicrobial substances found in nature.

शहद एक प्राकृतिक रोगाणुरोधी है।

रोगाणुरोधी उपचार

— Treatment using antimicrobial agents.

मरीज का रोगाणुरोधी उपचार चल रहा है।

रोगाणुरोधी घोल

— A liquid solution with antimicrobial properties.

फर्श को रोगाणुरोधी घोल से साफ करें।

रोगाणुरोधी प्रभाव

— The effect of an antimicrobial agent.

इस दवा का रोगाणुरोधी प्रभाव तेज है।

रोगाणुरोधी परीक्षण

— A test to check antimicrobial efficacy.

प्रयोगशाला में रोगाणुरोधी परीक्षण किया गया।

रोगाणुरोधी स्प्रे

— A spray that kills microorganisms.

हवा में रोगाणुरोधी स्प्रे छिड़कें।

रोगाणुरोधी पट्टी

— A bandage with antimicrobial coating.

घाव पर रोगाणुरोधी पट्टी बाँधें।

रोगाणुरोधी क्षमता

— The power/capacity to act as an antimicrobial.

इस कपड़े की रोगाणुरोधी क्षमता अद्भुत है।

रोगाणुरोधी रणनीति

— A strategy to combat microbes.

सरकार ने नई रोगाणुरोधी रणनीति बनाई है।

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

रोगाणुरोधी vs रोग-प्रतिरोधी

Means 'immune' or 'disease-resistant' (usually referring to a person's body).

रोगाणुरोधी vs कीटाणुनाशक

Means 'disinfectant'; more focused on killing germs than inhibiting growth.

रोगाणुरोधी vs प्रतिजैविक

Means 'antibiotic'; only targets bacteria, not all microbes.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"बीमारी की जड़ काटना"

— To eliminate the root cause of a disease, often by using antimicrobial agents.

रोगाणुरोधी दवाएं बीमारी की जड़ काट देती हैं।

Informal
"कीटाणुओं का काल"

— The death or end of germs; something extremely effective against microbes.

यह नया रोगाणुरोधी साबुन कीटाणुओं का काल है।

Colloquial
"सुरक्षा कवच"

— A protective shield; often used to describe the effect of antimicrobial products.

यह रोगाणुरोधी पेंट घर के लिए सुरक्षा कवच है।

Neutral
"रामबाण इलाज"

— A panacea or a perfect cure; sometimes used for highly effective antimicrobial drugs.

संक्रमण के लिए यह रोगाणुरोधी दवा रामबाण इलाज है।

Neutral
"साफ-सुथरा खेल"

— Metaphorically, a clean operation; can relate to maintaining antimicrobial hygiene.

सर्जरी में रोगाणुरोधी स्वच्छता ही साफ-सुथरा खेल सुनिश्चित करती है।

Informal
"गंदगी का दुश्मन"

— Enemy of dirt/germs; used in advertisements for antimicrobial cleaners.

हमारा रोगाणुरोधी फिनाइल है गंदगी का दुश्मन।

Slang/Ads
"जहर को जहर काटना"

— Fighting poison with poison; used when discussing how antimicrobials work.

रोगाणुरोधी क्रिया अक्सर जहर को जहर काटने जैसी होती है।

Neutral
"हवा में जहर घोलना"

— To spread germs; the opposite of an antimicrobial action.

रोगाणुरोधी स्प्रे हवा में जहर घोलने वाले कीटाणुओं को मारता है।

Neutral
"मिट्टी में मिलाना"

— To destroy completely; used for the action of antimicrobials on bacteria.

रोगाणुरोधी एजेंट ने बैक्टीरिया को मिट्टी में मिला दिया।

Informal
"लोहे के चने चबाना"

— A hard task; used to describe bacteria becoming resistant to antimicrobials.

रोगाणुरोधी प्रतिरोध के कारण इलाज करना लोहे के चने चबाना हो गया है।

Neutral

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

रोगाणुरोधी vs जीवाणुरोधी

Both start with 'Ro' sounds or refer to germs.

'Jīvāṇurōdhī' is specifically antibacterial, while 'Rogāṇurōdhī' is broad spectrum.

Antibiotics are जीवाणुरोधी, but alcohol is रोगाणुरोधी.

रोगाणुरोधी vs विषाणुरोधी

Similar suffix and medical context.

'Viṣāṇurōdhī' is specifically antiviral.

COVID vaccines are not रोगाणुरोधी drugs; they trigger immunity.

रोगाणुरोधी vs रोगनिरोधक

Very similar meaning and structure.

'Rognirodhak' usually refers to preventative measures or vaccines, not chemical properties of a soap.

टीकाकरण एक रोगनिरोधक उपाय है।

रोगाणुरोधी vs कीटाणुमुक्त

Both relate to being germ-free.

'Kīṭāṇumukt' is a state (sterile/germ-free), while 'Rogāṇurōdhī' is an active property.

यह कमरा कीटाणुमुक्त है।

रोगाणुरोधी vs स्वच्छ

Both imply cleanliness.

'Svacch' just means clean/visible dirt-free, not necessarily antimicrobial.

पानी स्वच्छ है पर रोगाणुरोधी नहीं।

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

A1

यह [Noun] रोगाणुरोधी है।

यह साबुन रोगाणुरोधी है।

A2

[Noun] के लिए रोगाणुरोधी [Noun] अच्छा है।

हाथों के लिए रोगाणुरोधी साबुन अच्छा है।

B1

[Noun] में रोगाणुरोधी गुण होते हैं।

नीम में रोगाणुरोधी गुण होते हैं।

B2

[Noun] को रोगाणुरोधी बनाने के लिए [Noun] का प्रयोग करें।

सतह को रोगाणुरोधी बनाने के लिए स्प्रे का प्रयोग करें।

C1

रोगाणुरोधी [Noun] का उद्देश्य [Verb] है।

रोगाणुरोधी नीतियों का उद्देश्य संक्रमण रोकना है।

C2

रोगाणुरोधी [Noun] की अपरिहार्यता [Noun] से स्पष्ट है।

रोगाणुरोधी प्रतिरोध की अपरिहार्यता शोध से स्पष्ट है।

General

क्या इस [Noun] में रोगाणुरोधी शक्ति है?

क्या इस क्रीम में रोगाणुरोधी शक्ति है?

General

रोगाणुरोधी दवाओं का [Noun] न करें।

रोगाणुरोधी दवाओं का दुरुपयोग न करें।

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

فعل‌ها

صفت‌ها

مرتبط

برای دیدن همه مثال‌ها رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

نحوه استفاده

frequency

Common in medical, hygiene, and news contexts; rare in casual street talk.

اشتباهات رایج
  • Using 'रोगाणुरोधी' for a person's immunity. → रोग-प्रतिरोधी

    A person has immunity; a soap is antimicrobial.

  • Pronouncing it as 'Rog-anu-rodi'. → Rog-ā-ṇu-ro-dhī

    The 'dh' must be aspirated and the 'n' must be retroflex.

  • Writing 'रोगाणुरोध' when you mean 'antimicrobial'. → रोगाणुरोधी

    'Rodh' is the noun (obstruction), 'Rodhī' is the adjective (one that obstructs).

  • Using it interchangeably with 'Antiseptic' in a formal biology exam. → रोगाणुरोधी

    'Antiseptic' is a borrowed word; 'Rogāṇurōdhī' is the formal Hindi term.

  • Saying 'रोगाणुरोधी दवाईयाँ' (pluralizing the adjective). → रोगाणुरोधी दवाइयाँ

    The adjective does not change; only the noun 'दवाइयाँ' becomes plural.

نکات

Break it down

Always remember Rog + Anu + Rodhi. If you forget the word, you can reconstruct it from these three roots.

Aspirate the 'dh'

Make sure to release a puff of air when you say the 'dhi' at the end. It sounds like 'd-h-ee'.

Spelling check

Don't forget the 'u' (ु) after the 'ṇ'. It's 'Rogāṇu', not 'Rogāṇ'.

Hospital Context

If you are in an Indian hospital, look for this word on posters. It will help you identify safety protocols.

Adjective Stability

Since it ends in 'ī', it's easy to remember that it doesn't change its form much in different sentences.

Ayurveda Link

Use this word when discussing the benefits of traditional Indian herbs to sound more scientifically informed.

News Keywords

In health news, listen for 'प्रतिरोध' (resistance) after 'रोगाणुरोधी' to understand the topic of drug-resistant germs.

Confidence

Saying such a long word correctly immediately boosts your perceived fluency level in Hindi.

Flashcards

Put 'Antimicrobial' on one side and 'रोगाणुरोधी' on the other. Group it with other '-rodhi' words.

Labeling

Label your hand sanitizer at home with a sticky note saying 'रोगाणुरोधी घोल' to practice every day.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of a 'RO-bot' (Ro-) that 'GA-u-ges' (ga-) the 'NU-isance' (ṇu) of germs and 'RO-des' (-ro-) them away with a 'DHI-rect' (-dhī) hit. Ro-ga-nu-ro-dhi.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a microscopic shield (Rodhi) blocking a tiny, angry germ (Rogāṇu) from entering a cell.

شبکه واژگان

Medicine Soap Science Bacteria Virus Hospital Hygiene Protection

چالش

Try to find three products in your house that could be described as 'रोगाणुरोधी' and say their names in Hindi out loud.

ریشه کلمه

Formed by the combination of three Sanskrit words: 'Roga' (disease), 'Anu' (microscopic particle), and 'Rodhi' (one who stops or resists). It follows the classical Hindi method of creating technical terms from Sanskrit roots.

معنای اصلی: A substance or force that obstructs the path of disease-causing micro-particles.

Indo-Aryan (Sanskrit-derived)

بافت فرهنگی

No specific sensitivities, but ensure you don't confuse it with 'antibiotic' when talking to a medical professional.

In English, 'antimicrobial' is a high-level word. In Hindi, 'रोगाणुरोधी' is similarly formal but is becoming more common in advertising.

Dettol India TV Commercials Ministry of Health (India) COVID-19 advisories NCERT Science Textbooks (Grade 8-12)

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Pharmacy

  • क्या यह रोगाणुरोधी है?
  • सबसे अच्छी रोगाणुरोधी क्रीम कौन सी है?
  • मुझे रोगाणुरोधी साबुन चाहिए।
  • इसका कोई दुष्प्रभाव तो नहीं?

Hospital

  • रोगाणुरोधी स्वच्छता का पालन करें।
  • सतह को रोगाणुरोधी स्प्रे से साफ करें।
  • यह वार्ड रोगाणुरोधी सुरक्षित है।
  • संक्रमण रोकने के लिए रोगाणुरोधी दवाएं जरूरी हैं।

Science Lab

  • यौगिक की रोगाणुरोधी गतिविधि का परीक्षण करें।
  • रोगाणुरोधी प्रतिरोध का स्तर क्या है?
  • हम नए रोगाणुरोधी एजेंट विकसित कर रहे हैं।
  • डेटा रोगाणुरोधी प्रभाव दिखाता है।

Household Cleaning

  • फर्श के लिए रोगाणुरोधी फिनाइल लाओ।
  • हाथ धोने के लिए रोगाणुरोधी हैंडवाश अच्छा है।
  • क्या यह पेंट रोगाणुरोधी है?
  • किचन में रोगाणुरोधी स्प्रे का प्रयोग करें।

News/Media

  • रोगाणुरोधी प्रतिरोध एक संकट है।
  • सरकार ने रोगाणुरोधी दवाओं पर नई गाइडलाइन जारी की।
  • वैज्ञानिकों ने रोगाणुरोधी कपड़े का आविष्कार किया।
  • प्राकृतिक रोगाणुरोधी वस्तुओं की मांग बढ़ी।

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"क्या आपको लगता है कि रोगाणुरोधी साबुन साधारण साबुन से बेहतर होते हैं?"

"आपने कभी रोगाणुरोधी प्रतिरोध (Antimicrobial Resistance) के बारे में सुना है?"

"आपके घर में कौन से रोगाणुरोधी उत्पाद सबसे ज्यादा इस्तेमाल होते हैं?"

"क्या आप जानते हैं कि हल्दी एक बहुत शक्तिशाली प्राकृतिक रोगाणुरोधी है?"

"अस्पतालों में रोगाणुरोधी स्वच्छता बनाए रखना कितना मुश्किल है?"

موضوعات نگارش

आज मैंने रोगाणुरोधी शब्द के बारे में सीखा। इसका मेरे दैनिक जीवन में क्या महत्व है?

अगर रोगाणुरोधी दवाएं काम करना बंद कर दें, तो दुनिया कैसी होगी? अपने विचार लिखें।

अपने पसंदीदा रोगाणुरोधी उत्पाद (जैसे साबुन या क्रीम) का विवरण हिंदी में लिखें।

क्या प्राकृतिक रोगाणुरोधी (जैसे नीम) रसायनों से बेहतर हैं? तुलनात्मक निबंध लिखें।

एक काल्पनिक समाचार रिपोर्ट लिखें जहाँ वैज्ञानिकों ने एक नया रोगाणुरोधी तत्व खोजा है।

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

Rogāṇurōdhī (Antimicrobial) is a broad term that includes substances acting against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Pratijaivik (Antibiotic) specifically targets bacteria. All antibiotics are antimicrobial, but not all antimicrobials are antibiotics.

Yes, 'रोगाणुरोधी हैंड सैनिटाइजर' is a perfectly correct and professional way to describe it in Hindi.

It is common in advertisements and news, but in a casual home setting, people might just say 'कीटाणु मारने वाला' (germ-killing).

Curl your tongue back to touch the roof of your mouth (retroflex) and make an 'n' sound. It's distinct from the dental 'n'.

No, 'रोगाणुरोधी' is an unchanging adjective. It stays the same for 'साबुन' (masculine) and 'क्रीम' (feminine).

They are very close. 'Antiseptic' is usually used for living tissue (skin), while 'Rogāṇurōdhī' covers both living tissue and surfaces.

At B2, you need to handle technical and abstract topics. This word is essential for discussing health, science, and environmental issues.

It is 'रोगाणुरोधी प्रतिरोध' (Rogāṇurōdhī Pratirodh). It is a major topic in Indian medical news.

Yes, it is often used for Neem, Honey, and Turmeric in the context of 'प्राकृतिक रोगाणुरोधी' (natural antimicrobials).

You can use 'कीटाणुनाशक', but it is less precise and more colloquial.

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writing

Write a sentence using 'रोगाणुरोधी साबुन'.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Translate: 'Antimicrobial resistance is a threat.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write three nouns that often follow 'रोगाणुरोधी'.

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درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Explain the meaning of 'रोगाणुरोधी' in simple Hindi.

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writing

Translate: 'Neem has natural antimicrobial properties.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write a formal sentence about hospital hygiene using 'रोगाणुरोधी'.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Translate: 'Use an antimicrobial spray for the floor.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Describe the etymology of 'रोगाणुरोधी' in one sentence.

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writing

Translate: 'Scientists are developing new antimicrobial drugs.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write a short dialogue (2 lines) between a patient and a doctor using the word.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Translate: 'Antimicrobial coatings are used in nanotechnology.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write a slogan for an antimicrobial soap company.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Translate: 'Do not misuse antimicrobial medicines.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

List two natural antimicrobials in Hindi.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Translate: 'The effectiveness of the antimicrobial solution was tested.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write a sentence about antimicrobial fabric.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Translate: 'Copper is a natural antimicrobial material.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write a sentence about 'Antimicrobial Stewardship'.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Translate: 'Is this hand sanitizer antimicrobial?'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write a paragraph (3 sentences) about why we need antimicrobials.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Pronounce 'रोगाणुरोधी' correctly.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say 'Antimicrobial Soap' in Hindi.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Explain 'Rogāṇurōdhī' to a friend in Hindi.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Use 'रोगाणुरोधी' in a sentence about Neem.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Ask a shopkeeper if they have antimicrobial spray in Hindi.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Discuss the problem of antimicrobial resistance in 3 sentences.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Pronounce 'रोगाणुरोधी प्रतिरोध' with correct emphasis.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say 'This cream is antimicrobial' in Hindi.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Give a short presentation (1 min) on hospital hygiene using the word.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say 'Natural antimicrobial' in Hindi.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Use 'रोगाणुरोधी' in a sentence about copper vessels.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Ask a doctor about antimicrobial drugs in Hindi.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say 'Antimicrobial coating' in Hindi.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Explain the difference between 'Rogāṇurōdhī' and 'Pratijaivik' in Hindi.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say 'Antimicrobial technology' in Hindi.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Use the word in a sentence about water filtration.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Describe a laboratory experiment using 'रोगाणुरोधी'.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say 'Global antimicrobial strategy' in Hindi.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Use 'रोगाणुरोधी' in a sentence about cleaning floors.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say 'Judicious use of antimicrobials' in Hindi.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen to the word: 'रोगाणुरोधी'. How many vowels are long?

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درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Identify the word in the sentence: 'हमें रोगाणुरोधी साबुन चाहिए।'

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درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Is the 'dh' in 'rodhi' voiced or unvoiced?

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درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen and identify the noun: 'रोगाणुरोधी प्रतिरोध'.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen and translate: 'यह एक रोगाणुरोधी क्रीम है।'

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Which sound is retroflex in 'Rogāṇurōdhī'?

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درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen and identify the context: 'डॉक्टर ने रोगाणुरोधी दवाएं दीं।'

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

What is the last sound of the word?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen and translate: 'नीम रोगाणुरोधी होता है।'

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen and identify the prefix: 'रोगाणुरोधी'.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen and translate: 'रोगाणुरोधी कोटिंग का उपयोग करें।'

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Does the speaker say 'Rogāṇurōdhī' or 'Rog-pratirodhi'?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen and identify the number of words: 'यह रोगाणुरोधी साबुन है।'

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen and translate: 'रोगाणुरोधी प्रतिरोध एक संकट है।'

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Identify the aspirated consonant in the word.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

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