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सड़ा हुआ

A2 adjective #7,000 پرکاربردترین 9 دقیقه مطالعه

सड़ा हुआ

sada hua رتبه 7,000

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها सड़ा हुआ در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح सड़ा हुआ in your Level:

At the A1 level, you just need to know that 'सड़ा हुआ' (saṛā huā) means 'rotten' or 'bad' for food. It is most commonly used for fruits like apples (seb) or bananas (kelā). You might see it in a market or your kitchen. Remember that it changes slightly: 'saṛā' for a boy-like noun (masculine) and 'saṛī' for a girl-like noun (feminine). If you see a black banana, you say 'saṛā kelā'. If you see a bad vegetable, you say 'saṛī sabzī'. It is a very useful word to help you avoid buying or eating bad food. You should also know it usually smells bad. It is a 'describing word' (adjective).

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At the A2 level, you should understand how to use 'सड़ा हुआ' (saṛā huā) in full sentences and match it with the noun's gender and number. You will learn that 'saṛā' is the masculine singular form, 'saṛī' is feminine, and 'saṛe' is masculine plural. You should also start to notice the 'huā' part, which means 'happened' or 'become', showing that the rotting process is complete. For example, 'ये फल सड़े हुए हैं' (These fruits are rotten). You might also hear it used for things like 'saṛā huā dānt' (a rotten tooth). It is more specific than the general word 'kharāb' (bad). Use it when you want to describe biological decay, like moldy bread or smelly garbage.

At the B1 level, you can use 'सड़ा हुआ' (saṛā huā) more flexibly, including in the oblique case. When a postposition like 'se' (from) or 'me' (in) follows the noun, 'saṛā' becomes 'saṛe'. For example, 'सड़े हुए सेब से बदबू आ रही है' (A bad smell is coming from the rotten apple). You should also be able to distinguish it from 'bāsī' (stale) and 'galā huā' (overripe/mushy). You might start using it metaphorically to describe a 'rotten' smell in a city or a 'rotten' situation. You can also use the reduplicated form 'saṛā-galā' to describe general organic waste or compost. This level involves understanding the sensory descriptions associated with the word.

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At the B2 level, you should be comfortable using 'सड़ा हुआ' (saṛā huā) in metaphorical and social contexts. It is often used to criticize systems, politics, or social norms, such as 'saṛī huī paramparā' (rotten/outdated traditions) or 'saṛī huī vyavasthā' (a rotten system). You understand the emotional weight of the word—it conveys disgust and a need for removal or change. You can also use it in more complex grammatical structures, like 'saṛe hue hone ke bāvajūd' (despite being rotten). Your vocabulary should also include related verbs like 'saṛānā' (to cause to rot) and nouns like 'saṛan' (decay/rot/gangrene).

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At the C1 level, you recognize 'सड़ा हुआ' (saṛā huā) in literary and journalistic Hindi. You can appreciate its use in poetry to describe moral decay or the stagnation of time. You understand the nuances between 'saṛā huā' and more formal Sanskritized synonyms like 'vighaṭit' (decomposed) or 'durgandhyukt' (foul-smelling). You can use the word in nuanced arguments about environmental issues (e.g., the decomposition of organic matter in landfills) or social critiques. You are aware of how the word functions in various registers, from the raw language of the street to the pointed metaphors of a political editorial.

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At the C2 level, you have a masterly grasp of 'सड़ा हुआ' (saṛā huā) and its place within the broader Hindi lexicon. You can use it with precision in any context, from scientific descriptions of biological processes to sophisticated literary metaphors. You understand its etymological roots and how it relates to other Indo-Aryan languages. You can effortlessly switch between 'saṛā huā' and its many synonyms to achieve specific stylistic effects. You also understand the cultural implications of the word in Indian society, including its use in idioms and proverbs, and can use it to convey subtle shades of irony, disgust, or clinical observation.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

सड़ा हुआ در ۳۰ ثانیه

Means 'rotten' or 'decayed'.
Used for food, wood, teeth, and metaphors.
Changes form based on gender: saṛā (M), saṛī (F).
Implies a foul smell and advanced decomposition.

The Hindi term सड़ा हुआ (saṛā huā) primarily translates to 'rotten,' 'decayed,' or 'decomposed.' It is a compound adjective formed from the past participle of the verb 'सड़ना' (saṛnā), meaning 'to rot,' and 'हुआ' (huā), which acts as a perfective marker indicating a completed state. In everyday Hindi, this word is most frequently encountered in the context of organic matter, particularly food that has gone bad. If you walk into a kitchen and find a basket of black, mushy bananas, you would describe them as सड़े हुए केले (saṛe hue kele).

Biological Context: Used for fruits, vegetables, meat, and wood that have undergone natural decomposition.
Sensory Usage: Often paired with words for smell (badbū) to describe the stench of decay.

Beyond the literal, it is used metaphorically to describe something that is morally corrupt or fundamentally broken. For instance, a 'rotten system' in politics is often called a सड़ी हुई व्यवस्था (saṛī huī vyavasthā).

टोकरी में एक सड़ा हुआ सेब पूरे समूह को खराब कर सकता है। (One rotten apple in the basket can spoil the whole bunch.)

Understanding the nuance of this word involves recognizing that it implies a state of being past the point of use. While 'kharāb' can mean broken or malfunctioning, 'saṛā huā' specifically denotes biological or deep structural decay. For example, a phone can be 'kharāb' but it cannot be 'saṛā huā' unless it is literally decomposing in a swamp.

नाली से सड़ी हुई बदबू आ रही है। (A rotten smell is coming from the drain.)

In a social context, it can describe a person with a 'rotten' personality, though this is quite harsh and informal. You might hear someone say 'उसका दिमाग सड़ गया है' (his brain has rotted), implying he has lost his senses or has terrible ideas.

Metaphorical Use: Corruption in society or outdated, harmful traditions.

This word is essential for A2 learners because it moves beyond general adjectives like 'bad' into specific descriptive language required for daily life, such as shopping for groceries or explaining why a meal is inedible.

यह मांस सड़ा हुआ लग रहा है, इसे मत खाओ। (This meat looks rotten, don't eat it.)

Using सड़ा हुआ correctly requires attention to Hindi's gender and number agreement rules. Since it functions as an adjective, it must match the noun it modifies. For a masculine singular noun like 'आम' (mango), you use 'सड़ा हुआ आम'. For a feminine noun like 'सब्जी' (vegetable), it becomes 'सड़ी हुई सब्जी'. For masculine plural nouns like 'अंडे' (eggs), it transforms into 'सड़े हुए अंडे'.

Masculine Singular: वह सड़ा हुआ संतरा फेंक दो। (Throw away that rotten orange.)
Feminine Singular: फ्रिज में सड़ी हुई मछली रखी है। (There is rotten fish kept in the fridge.)
Masculine Plural: ये टमाटर सड़े हुए हैं। (These tomatoes are rotten.)

It is also important to distinguish between the adjective and the verb. If you want to say 'The food is rotting,' you would use the continuous tense: 'खाना सड़ रहा है'. But if you are describing the food as a 'rotten food,' you use the adjective form 'सड़ा हुआ खाना'.

पुराने घर की लकड़ियाँ सड़ी हुई थीं। (The wood of the old house was rotten.)

In more advanced usage, 'saṛā huā' can appear in complex sentences involving cause and effect. 'सड़े हुए खाने की वजह से वह बीमार पड़ गया' (He fell ill because of the rotten food). Notice how 'saṛe hue' changes to the oblique case because it is followed by the postposition 'kī vajah se'.

क्या तुमने वह सड़ा हुआ आलू हटा दिया? (Did you remove that rotten potato?)

Another common structure is 'saṛā-galā', a reduplicated phrase meaning 'rotten and decomposed'. This is often used to describe waste or garbage. 'यहाँ बहुत सारा सड़ा-गला कचरा पड़ा है' (There is a lot of rotten and decomposed trash lying here).

Oblique Case Usage: उस सड़े हुए पेड़ के नीचे मत बैठो। (Don't sit under that rotten tree.)

Finally, in poetic or literary Hindi, 'saṛā huā' can describe a stagnant life or a decaying soul. While rare in daily speech, it adds depth to descriptions of neglected places or depressed states of mind.

इस तालाब का पानी सड़ा हुआ और काला है। (The water of this pond is rotten and black.)

You will hear सड़ा हुआ most often in bustling Indian vegetable markets (Sabzi Mandi). Customers often inspect produce carefully and might complain to the vendor, 'भैया, ये टमाटर तो सड़े हुए हैं!' (Brother, these tomatoes are rotten!). Vendors, in turn, might use it to justify lower prices for 'saṛā-galā' produce sold for cattle feed.

Grocery Shopping: Checking for freshness and rejecting spoiled goods.
Household Chores: Cleaning the refrigerator or pantry and identifying items to discard.

In Hindi cinema (Bollywood), the word is frequently used in dialogues concerning social injustice or corruption. A common trope involves a protagonist shouting about the सड़ा हुआ समाज (rotten society) or a 'saṛī huī vyavasthā'. This metaphorical use is powerful and conveys a sense of deep-seated disgust.

'यह पूरी व्यवस्था सड़ी हुई है!' (This entire system is rotten!)

You might also encounter it in news reports discussing public health issues, such as 'saṛā huā anāj' (rotten grain) being distributed in government schemes, which is a frequent topic of investigative journalism in India. Environmental news might mention 'saṛī huī machhliyān' (rotten fish) found in polluted rivers. In medical contexts, a dentist might point out a सड़ा हुआ दाँत (rotten/decayed tooth) to a patient. Similarly, a doctor might describe a wound as having 'saṛā huā mās' (gangrenous or decayed flesh), though more technical terms like 'saṛan' (gangrene) are also used.

डॉक्टर ने मेरा सड़ा हुआ दाँत निकाल दिया। (The doctor extracted my rotten tooth.)

Lastly, in rural settings, farmers use it to describe compost or manure (khād) which is essentially 'saṛī-galī' organic matter that has become beneficial for the soil. This shows a positive, functional side to the process of rotting.

Agriculture: Describing well-decomposed manure used for crops.

पेड़ों के सड़े हुए पत्ते खाद के लिए अच्छे होते हैं। (Rotten leaves of trees are good for manure.)

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is using सड़ा हुआ when they simply mean 'bad' or 'not working.' In English, 'bad' is a catch-all term. In Hindi, 'kharāb' is the general word for 'bad,' while 'saṛā huā' is specific to decomposition. If your car won't start, it is 'kharāb,' not 'saṛā huā.' Using the latter would imply your car is literally rotting away like a piece of fruit.

Mistake: Over-generalization: Using 'saṛā huā' for broken electronics or mechanical failures.
Correct Usage: Use 'kharāb' for broken things and 'saṛā huā' for biological decay.

Another mistake involves gender agreement. Because 'saṛā' ends in 'ā,' it is a variable adjective. Many learners forget to change it to 'saṛī' for feminine nouns. For example, 'saṛā sabzī' is grammatically incorrect; it must be सड़ी हुई सब्जी. Similarly, for plural items, 'saṛā tamātar' (singular) vs 'saṛe tamātar' (plural).

Incorrect: यह सड़ा हुआ दाल है। (Dal is feminine).
Correct: यह सड़ी हुई दाल है।

A third mistake is confusing 'saṛā huā' with 'bāsī'. 'Bāsī' means 'stale' or 'leftover' (usually referring to food cooked the previous day). Bread can be 'bāsī' (stale) without being 'saṛā huā' (rotten/moldy). If the bread has green mold on it, then it has become 'saṛā huā'. Using 'saṛā huā' for last night's perfectly good leftovers might offend the cook!

यह रोटी बासी है, लेकिन सड़ी हुई नहीं। (This roti is stale, but not rotten.)

Lastly, learners often omit the 'huā' part. While 'saṛā tamātar' is understood, 'saṛā huā tamātar' is the more natural and grammatically complete way to describe the state in modern Hindi.

Semantic Confusion: Confusing 'saṛā' (rotten) with 'galā' (melted/overripe). 'Galā huā' can be good (like a very soft mango), but 'saṛā huā' is always bad.

आम बहुत गला हुआ है, पर सड़ा नहीं है। (The mango is very mushy, but not rotten.)

To enrich your Hindi vocabulary, it's helpful to know words that are close in meaning to सड़ा हुआ but carry different nuances. The most common alternative is 'खराब' (kharāb), which is a general term for 'bad,' 'spoiled,' or 'broken.' While all 'saṛā huā' food is 'kharāb,' not all 'kharāb' food is 'saṛā huā.'

खराब (Kharāb): General 'bad'. Used for milk that has soured (dūdh kharāb ho gayā) or a machine that stopped working.
गला हुआ (Galā huā): Literally 'melted' or 'dissolved'. Used for overripe fruits that are mushy but still edible, or meat that is cooked until tender.
बासी (Bāsī): Stale. Specifically for food (like bread or rice) that is not fresh because it was made a while ago.

Another interesting word is 'बदबूदार' (badbūdār), which means 'stinking' or 'malodorous.' Since rotten things usually smell, these words are often used together: 'saṛā huā badbūdār kachrā' (rotten stinking trash). For a more formal or scientific context, you might use 'विघटित' (vighaṭit) for 'decomposed.'

यह फल गला हुआ है, सड़ा हुआ नहीं। (This fruit is mushy, not rotten.)

In the context of corruption, synonyms include 'भ्रष्ट' (bhraṣṭ) for 'corrupt' and 'दूषित' (dūṣit) for 'polluted' or 'tainted.' While 'saṛā huā' is more visceral and emotional, 'bhraṣṭ' is the standard term for political corruption.

हमें इस भ्रष्ट प्रणाली को बदलना होगा। (We must change this corrupt system.)

दुर्गंधयुक्त (Durgandhyukt): A formal Sanskritized word for 'foul-smelling,' often used in literature to describe the smell of something 'saṛā huā'.

Understanding these distinctions helps you choose the right word for the right level of 'badness'. Using 'saṛā huā' correctly shows a high level of descriptive competence in Hindi.

दूध खराब हो गया है, पर अभी तक सड़ा नहीं है। (The milk has gone bad, but it hasn't rotted yet.)

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

The 'huā' part is actually the past participle of 'honā' (to be/become). So 'saṛā huā' literally means 'that which has become rotten'.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /sə.ɽɑː hu.ɑː/

US /sə.ɽɑː hu.ɑː/

The stress is slightly on the first syllable 'sa' and the first syllable of 'huā'.

هم‌قافیه با

बड़ा हुआ (baṛā huā) खड़ा हुआ (khaṛā huā) पड़ा हुआ (paṛā huā) चढ़ा हुआ (chaṛhā huā) लड़ा हुआ (laṛā huā) गड़ा हुआ (gaṛā huā) मड़ा हुआ (maṛā huā) जड़ा हुआ (jaṛā huā)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing 'ṛ' as a regular 'r'.
Forgetting the nasalization if it were plural (though 'hue' is not typically nasalized).
Treating 'huā' as a separate unrelated word.
Mispronouncing the 'u' in 'huā' as 'v'.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 2/5

Easy to recognize due to common frequency.

نوشتن 3/5

Requires knowledge of gender agreement rules.

صحبت کردن 3/5

The 'ṛ' sound can be tricky for English speakers.

گوش دادن 2/5

Distinctive sound makes it easy to catch in speech.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

खराब फल सब्जी बदबू होना

بعداً یاد بگیرید

सड़ना सड़ाना भ्रष्ट बासी ताजा

پیشرفته

विघटन पुतिन दुर्गंध अशुद्ध नश्वर

گرامر لازم

Variable Adjectives

saṛā (m), saṛī (f), saṛe (pl).

Perfective Participle as Adjective

Verb root + ā + huā.

Oblique Case

saṛe hue phal ko (to the rotten fruit).

Compound Adjectives

saṛā-galā (rotten and melted).

Gender of Nouns

seb (m) -> saṛā; sabzī (f) -> saṛī.

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

यह सेब सड़ा हुआ है।

This apple is rotten.

Masculine singular agreement.

सड़ा हुआ केला फेंक दो।

Throw away the rotten banana.

Imperative sentence.

क्या यह संतरा सड़ा हुआ है?

Is this orange rotten?

Question form.

सड़ी हुई सब्जी मत खाओ।

Don't eat rotten vegetables.

Feminine singular agreement.

यहाँ सड़ा हुआ खाना है।

There is rotten food here.

Simple existential sentence.

वह आम सड़ा हुआ था।

That mango was rotten.

Past tense 'thā'.

सड़ा हुआ आलू हटाओ।

Remove the rotten potato.

Direct object.

यह ब्रेड सड़ी हुई है।

This bread is rotten (moldy).

Feminine gender for bread (Hindi: breḍ).

टोकरी में बहुत सारे सड़े हुए टमाटर हैं।

There are many rotten tomatoes in the basket.

Masculine plural agreement (saṛe hue).

सड़ी हुई मछली से बहुत बदबू आती है।

Rotten fish smells a lot.

Habitual present tense.

क्या आपने वह सड़ा हुआ अंडा देखा?

Did you see that rotten egg?

Past indefinite tense.

फ्रिज में सड़ी हुई गाजर रखी थी।

A rotten carrot was kept in the fridge.

Feminine singular agreement.

सड़े हुए फल सेहत के लिए बुरे हैं।

Rotten fruits are bad for health.

General statement.

हमें सड़ा हुआ अनाज नहीं खरीदना चाहिए।

We should not buy rotten grain.

Use of 'chāhiye' (should).

पौधे की जड़ें सड़ी हुई लग रही हैं।

The plant's roots are looking rotten.

Feminine plural agreement (jaṛeṃ).

सड़े हुए पत्तों से खाद बनती है।

Manure is made from rotten leaves.

Oblique case (saṛe hue pattoṃ).

बारिश की वजह से सारी फसल सड़ी हुई निकली।

Due to the rain, the entire crop turned out to be rotten.

Complex cause and effect.

उस सड़े हुए पेड़ को काटना पड़ेगा।

That rotten tree will have to be cut.

Future necessity (paṛegā).

सड़ी हुई चीजों को अलग रखना बेहतर है।

It is better to keep rotten things separate.

Infinitive as subject.

क्या यह बदबू उस सड़े हुए मांस की है?

Is this smell from that rotten meat?

Genitive construction.

सड़े हुए पानी में मच्छर पैदा होते हैं।

Mosquitoes breed in rotten (stagnant) water.

Locative case.

उसका सड़ा हुआ दाँत बहुत दर्द कर रहा है।

His rotten tooth is hurting a lot.

Possessive pronoun agreement.

बाजार में सड़े हुए आम सस्ते मिल रहे थे।

Rotten mangoes were available cheaply in the market.

Past continuous sense.

सड़ी-गली सब्जियों को फेंकना ही ठीक है।

It's best to throw away rotten and decomposed vegetables.

Reduplicated adjective (saṛī-galī).

यह सड़ी हुई राजनीतिक व्यवस्था बदलाव माँगती है।

This rotten political system demands change.

Metaphorical usage.

सड़े हुए दिमाग वाले लोग ही ऐसी बातें करते हैं।

Only people with rotten minds say such things.

Adjectival phrase modifying 'log'.

भ्रष्टाचार ने समाज को अंदर से सड़ा हुआ बना दिया है।

Corruption has made the society rotten from within.

Present perfect tense.

उसने सड़ी हुई लकड़ी का इस्तेमाल करके गलती की।

He made a mistake by using rotten wood.

Gerundial phrase (istemāl karke).

सड़े हुए चारे की वजह से गाय बीमार हो गई।

The cow fell ill because of the rotten fodder.

Oblique case with postposition.

फिल्म में एक सड़े हुए समाज की तस्वीर दिखाई गई है।

The film shows a picture of a rotten society.

Passive construction.

सड़ी हुई परंपराओं को छोड़ना ही प्रगति है।

Leaving behind rotten traditions is progress.

Abstract noun usage.

नदी का सड़ा हुआ पानी बीमारियों का घर है।

The rotten water of the river is a home for diseases.

Compound sentence.

लेखक ने युद्ध के बाद के सड़े हुए परिदृश्य का वर्णन किया है।

The author has described the rotten landscape after the war.

Literary register.

सड़े हुए मलबे के नीचे दबे लोगों को बचाना मुश्किल था।

It was difficult to save the people buried under the rotten debris.

Complex noun phrase.

उसकी सड़ी हुई मानसिकता उसके व्यवहार में झलकती है।

His rotten mindset is reflected in his behavior.

Psychological metaphor.

गोदामों में सड़े हुए अनाज का मुद्दा संसद में उठा।

The issue of rotten grain in warehouses was raised in Parliament.

Journalistic style.

सड़ी हुई जड़ों पर खड़ा पेड़ कभी भी गिर सकता है।

A tree standing on rotten roots can fall at any time.

Proverbial/Metaphorical.

इतिहास की सड़ी हुई परतों को कुरेदना दर्दनाक हो सकता है।

Digging into the rotten layers of history can be painful.

Abstract literary usage.

सड़े हुए कचरे के प्रबंधन के लिए नई तकनीक चाहिए।

New technology is needed for the management of rotten waste.

Technical/Policy context.

उसकी बातों से सड़ी हुई ईर्ष्या की बू आ रही थी।

A whiff of rotten jealousy was coming from his words.

Synesthetic metaphor (smelling jealousy).

सभ्यता के सड़े हुए अवशेषों से ही नई संस्कृति का जन्म होता है।

A new culture is born from the rotten remains of civilization.

Philosophical register.

उसने अपनी कविता में सड़े हुए सपनों की विडंबना व्यक्त की।

He expressed the irony of rotten dreams in his poetry.

Advanced literary criticism.

सड़ी हुई नैतिकता के ढोंग को उजागर करना अनिवार्य है।

It is imperative to expose the hypocrisy of rotten morality.

High-level social commentary.

पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र में सड़े हुए कार्बनिक पदार्थों की भूमिका महत्वपूर्ण है।

The role of rotten organic matter in the ecosystem is crucial.

Scientific/Academic register.

सड़े हुए तंत्र के भीतर रहकर भी उसने अपनी ईमानदारी बनाए रखी।

He maintained his honesty even while staying within a rotten system.

Concessive clause (rehkar bhī).

उसका लेखन समाज की सड़ी हुई नसों पर प्रहार करता है।

His writing strikes at the rotten veins of society.

Intense metaphorical imagery.

सड़े हुए अतीत से पीछा छुड़ाना इतना आसान नहीं होता।

It is not so easy to get rid of a rotten past.

Abstract conceptualization.

सड़ी हुई गंध के बीच भी उसने सत्य की खोज जारी रखी।

He continued his search for truth even amidst the rotten stench.

Existentialist theme.

مترادف‌ها

खराब गला हुआ बासी बदबूदार भ्रष्ट विघटित दूषित सड़ा-गला

متضادها

ताजा साफ नया पवित्र

ترکیب‌های رایج

सड़ा हुआ फल

सड़ी हुई बदबू

सड़ा हुआ दाँत

सड़ा हुआ अंडा

सड़ी हुई व्यवस्था

सड़ी हुई लकड़ी

सड़ा-गला कचरा

सड़ा हुआ अनाज

सड़ी हुई मछली

सड़ी हुई मानसिकता

عبارات رایج

सड़ा हुआ दिमाग

— A mind filled with bad or outdated ideas.

उसके सड़े हुए दिमाग की वजह से सब परेशान हैं।

सड़े हुए सेब की तरह

— Used to describe something that spoils everything else around it.

वह टीम में एक सड़े हुए सेब की तरह है।

सड़ी हुई बात

— A disgusting or very bad thing said by someone.

ऐसी सड़ी हुई बात दोबारा मत करना।

सड़ना-गलना

— The process of complete decomposition.

कचरे का सड़ना-गलना बदबू पैदा करता है।

सड़ी हुई घास

— Rotten grass, often used in rural contexts.

सड़ी हुई घास से धुआँ ज्यादा निकलता है।

सड़ा हुआ पानी

— Stagnant, dirty water.

सड़े हुए पानी के पास मत जाओ।

सड़ी हुई खाल

— Rotten hide or skin (leather context).

सड़ी हुई खाल से चमड़ा नहीं बनता।

सड़ा हुआ आलू

— Literal rotten potato, also used for a useless person.

वह तो सड़ा हुआ आलू निकला।

सड़ी हुई सब्जी

— Any rotten vegetable.

सड़ी हुई सब्जी की पहचान करना सीखो।

सड़े हुए कपड़े

— Extremely old, decaying clothes (rare).

उसने सड़े हुए कपड़े पहने थे।

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

सड़ा हुआ vs खराब (Kharāb)

Kharāb is 'bad' or 'broken'. Saṛā is specifically 'rotted'.

सड़ा हुआ vs बासी (Bāsī)

Bāsī is 'stale' (old but maybe okay). Saṛā is 'rotten' (decayed/dangerous).

सड़ा हुआ vs गला (Galā)

Galā is 'mushy' or 'melted'. It can be good (ripe fruit). Saṛā is always bad.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"एक सड़ा सेब पूरी टोकरी खराब कर देता है"

— One bad person can ruin an entire group.

सावधान रहो, एक सड़ा सेब पूरी टोकरी खराब कर देता है।

Proverbial

"दिमाग सड़ जाना"

— To lose one's ability to think reasonably.

क्या तुम्हारा दिमाग सड़ गया है?

Informal/Slang

"सड़ी हुई किस्मत"

— Extremely bad luck.

मेरी तो किस्मत ही सड़ी हुई है।

Informal

"सड़े हुए मुँह बनाना"

— To make a disgusted face.

वह सड़े हुए मुँह बनाकर चली गई।

Informal

"सड़-गल जाना"

— To be completely destroyed or forgotten.

उसकी फाइलें दफ्तर में सड़-गल गईं।

Metaphorical

"सड़ी हुई गाली देना"

— To give a very foul or dirty abuse.

उसने मुझे सड़ी हुई गाली दी।

Slang

"सड़े हुए विचार"

— Outdated or harmful thoughts.

अपने सड़े हुए विचार अपने पास रखो।

Neutral

"सड़ी हुई हंसी"

— A fake or annoying laugh.

उसकी सड़ी हुई हंसी मुझे पसंद नहीं।

Informal

"सड़ा हुआ माहौल"

— A toxic or very bad environment.

ऑफिस का माहौल सड़ा हुआ है।

Neutral

"सड़ना"

— To wait for a long time in a bad place.

मैं यहाँ दो घंटे से सड़ रहा हूँ।

Informal

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

सड़ा हुआ vs सारा (Sārā)

Sounds similar to 'saṛā'.

Sārā means 'all' or 'entire'. Saṛā means 'rotten'.

Sārā phal saṛā hai. (The entire fruit is rotten.)

सड़ा हुआ vs सजा (Sajā)

Similar spelling in Devanagari.

Sajā means 'decorated' or 'punished' (depending on context/nuance).

Ghar sajā hai. (The house is decorated.)

सड़ा हुआ vs सीधा (Sīdhā)

Beginners might confuse the initial 's' sound.

Sīdhā means 'straight' or 'simple'.

Sīdhā rāstā. (Straight path.)

सड़ा हुआ vs सड़ाना (Saṛānā)

Verb vs Adjective.

Saṛānā is the action of causing something to rot.

Pattoṃ ko saṛānā. (To rot the leaves.)

सड़ा हुआ vs सादा (Sādā)

Similar phonetics.

Sādā means 'plain' or 'simple'.

Sādā khānā. (Plain food.)

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

Yah [Noun] saṛā huā hai.

Yah seb saṛā huā hai.

Saṛā huā [Noun] mat khao.

Saṛā huā kelā mat khao.

[Noun] se saṛī huī badbū ā rahī hai.

Kachre se saṛī huī badbū ā rahī hai.

Hamēṃ saṛī huī [Abstract Noun] ko badalnā hogā.

Hamēṃ saṛī huī vyavasthā ko badalnā hogā.

Saṛe hue [Noun] ke bāvajūd...

Saṛe hue anāj ke bāvajūd log bhūkhe haiṃ.

Saṛī huī [Noun] par prahār karnā.

Saṛī huī naitiktā par prahār karnā.

Ye [Noun-Plural] saṛe hue haiṃ.

Ye tamātar saṛe hue haiṃ.

Usne saṛā huā [Noun] diyā.

Usne saṛā huā āloo diyā.

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

सड़न (saṛan) - rot/decay

सड़ांध (saṛāndh) - foul smell of rot

فعل‌ها

सड़ना (saṛnā) - to rot

सड़ाना (saṛānā) - to cause to rot/compost

صفت‌ها

सड़ा (saṛā) - rotten

सड़ा-गला (saṛā-galā) - decomposed

مرتبط

बदबू (badbū)

गंदगी (gandagī)

कचरा (kachrā)

बीमारी (bīmārī)

बासी (bāsī)

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نحوه استفاده

frequency

Extremely common in daily life, especially in food and waste contexts.

اشتباهات رایج

Using 'saṛā' for a broken car. → Kharāb car.
Cars don't rot biologically; they break down mechanically.
Saying 'saṛā sabzī'. → Saṛī sabzī.
Sabzī is feminine, so the adjective must match.
Confusing 'bāsī' with 'saṛā'. → Bāsī (stale) vs Saṛā (rotten).
Bāsī is just not fresh; saṛā is decaying.
Pronouncing it as 'sārā'. → Saṛā.
'Sārā' means 'all', which changes the whole sentence meaning.
Using it for sour milk. → Dūdh phaṭ gayā (milk curdled) or kharāb ho gayā.
'Saṛā' is rarely used for milk; 'kharāb' is more standard.

نکات

Check Gender

Always determine if the noun is masculine or feminine to use saṛā or saṛī correctly.

Beyond Food

Remember it can be used for wood, teeth, and even social systems.

Freshness Matters

In India, freshness is highly valued. Using 'saṛā huā' correctly helps you navigate markets.

The Retroflex

Don't say 'sara' with a flat 'r'. The 'ṛ' sound is crucial for being understood.

Use 'huā'

Adding 'huā' makes your description of the state more complete and natural.

Health First

Knowing this word is vital for health—'saṛā huā khānā' can make you very sick.

Metaphors

Use 'saṛī huī vyavasthā' when discussing politics to sound more passionate.

Reduplication

Use 'saṛā-galā' in your writing to describe waste more vividly.

Market Sounds

Listen for this word at the end of the day when vendors try to sell off old stock.

Sad Rot

Link 'Saṛā' with 'Sad' to remember it's about something bad and rotten.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 'Sa-Ra' as 'Sad Raw' food. If raw food stays out too long, it gets sad and rotten (saṛā).

تداعی تصویری

Visualize a black, mushy banana with a green cloud of smell around it. Label that cloud 'Saṛā'.

شبکه واژگان

Food Smell Trash Bacteria Mold Mushy Black Old

چالش

Go to your kitchen and find one thing that is 'saṛā huā' (or almost rotten) and name it in Hindi.

ریشه کلمه

Derived from the Sanskrit root 'सृ' (sṛ) or 'स्रज्' (sraj), evolving through Prakrit 'saḍ' meaning to decay or fall off.

معنای اصلی: To fall away, to perish, or to decompose naturally.

Indo-Aryan

بافت فرهنگی

Calling a person 'saṛā huā' is a very strong insult, implying they are disgusting or worthless.

English speakers use 'rotten' for food and 'corrupt' for systems. Hindi uses 'saṛā huā' for both, though 'bhraṣṭ' is more formal for corruption.

The phrase 'Saṛā huā system' is a common headline in Hindi news. Bollywood movies often feature a poor protagonist complaining about the 'saṛī huī duniyā' (rotten world). Kabir's poetry sometimes uses metaphors of decay to talk about the body.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

At the Vegetable Market

ये टमाटर सड़े हुए हैं।
ताजा है या सड़ा हुआ?
सड़ा हुआ मत देना।
सड़े हुए का दाम कम करो।

In the Kitchen

फ्रिज में कुछ सड़ रहा है।
सड़ी हुई सब्जी फेंक दो।
ये आलू सड़ा हुआ निकला।
सड़े हुए खाने से दूर रहो।

At the Dentist

दाँत सड़ा हुआ है।
सड़न फैल रही है।
सड़ा हुआ हिस्सा निकालो।
दाँत कैसे सड़ गया?

Social Criticism

सड़ी हुई राजनीति।
सड़ा हुआ समाज।
सड़ी हुई सोच।
ये व्यवस्था सड़ चुकी है।

Waste Management

सड़ा हुआ कचरा।
सड़ी हुई बदबू।
कचरा सड़ गया है।
सड़े हुए पत्तों की खाद।

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"क्या आपको भी सड़ी हुई मछली की गंध से नफरत है?"

"अगर बाजार में दुकानदार सड़ा हुआ फल दे, तो आप क्या करेंगे?"

"क्या आपने कभी सड़े हुए पत्तों से खाद बनाई है?"

"आपके देश में सड़े हुए कचरे का क्या किया जाता है?"

"क्या आपको लगता है कि आजकल की शिक्षा व्यवस्था सड़ी हुई है?"

موضوعات نگارش

आज मैंने फ्रिज साफ किया और मुझे एक सड़ी हुई चीज़ मिली...

सड़े हुए समाज को बदलने के लिए हमें क्या करना चाहिए?

एक कहानी लिखो जिसमें एक 'सड़ा हुआ' जादुई फल हो।

क्या 'सड़ना' हमेशा बुरा होता है? खाद के बारे में सोचो।

जब मैंने पहली बार सड़ी हुई मछली की गंध सूँघी, तो मुझे कैसा लगा?

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

Usually, yes. Biological decomposition (rotting) almost always produces a foul odor (saṛāndh) in Hindi culture.

No, that would be 'kharāb'. Use 'saṛā huā' only for things that can biologically decay, like food or wood.

'Saṛā' is the base adjective, while 'saṛā huā' emphasizes the state of being rotten. 'Saṛā huā' is much more common in speech.

Yes. If the noun is feminine (like 'sabzī', 'machhlī', 'dāl'), you must use 'saṛī huī'.

You can say 'saṛī huī breḍ' or more specifically 'ulī lagī huī breḍ', but 'saṛī huī' is widely understood.

Only in the context of 'khād' (manure/compost), where 'saṛe-gale patte' are good for the soil.

Yes, it is a very harsh informal insult, implying they are disgusting or have a terrible personality.

It is a compound word meaning 'rotten and decomposed'. It's often used for kitchen waste or garbage.

It is a retroflex flap. Place your tongue on the roof of your mouth and flick it forward quickly.

Yes, 'saṛī huī kismat' is a common informal expression for very bad luck.

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