तना
तना در ۳۰ ثانیه
- Tanaa (तना) means stem/trunk.
- It's a masculine noun in Hindi.
- Used literally for plants and metaphorically for core/foundation.
- Pay attention to context and grammatical gender.
The Hindi word 'तना' (tanaa) primarily refers to the main structural axis of a plant, which supports leaves, flowers, and fruits. In English, this can be translated as 'stem' for smaller plants or 'trunk' for larger trees. It's a fundamental part of botany and everyday descriptions of nature. Beyond its literal botanical meaning, 'तना' can also be used metaphorically to represent the core, foundation, or support of something abstract, much like how the trunk supports the entire tree. For instance, one might talk about the 'तना' of a social movement or an organization, meaning its central driving force or fundamental structure. This dual usage, both literal and figurative, makes 'तना' a versatile word in Hindi. Learners will encounter it frequently when discussing plants, gardens, forests, or even when describing the structural integrity of objects that have a central support. It's a common noun used in everyday conversation, literature, and educational contexts related to nature and biology. The word evokes an image of strength, growth, and resilience, as the stem or trunk is vital for the plant's survival and development. It's important to note the context to understand whether the literal or metaphorical meaning is intended. For example, a child learning about trees will hear 'पेड़ का तना' (ped kaa tanaa - the tree's trunk), while an adult discussing societal issues might refer to the 'आंदोलन का तना' (aandolan kaa tanaa - the movement's core). This word is quite common in rural and urban settings alike, as trees and plants are ubiquitous in India.
- Botanical Usage
- In botany, 'तना' is the primary axis of a vascular plant, usually growing upward from the root. It bears leaves, flowers, and fruits. The trunk of a large tree is essentially a very thick and woody stem.
- Metaphorical Usage
- Metaphorically, 'तना' can refer to the central support, foundation, or core principle of an idea, organization, or movement. It signifies what holds everything together and gives it strength.
- Commonality
- This word is very common in everyday Hindi, especially when discussing nature, gardening, and the structure of plants. It's also used in more abstract discussions about foundations and core principles.
पेड़ का तना बहुत मजबूत होता है। (Ped kaa tanaa bahut mazboot hotaa hai.) - The tree's trunk is very strong.
यह विचार हमारे संगठन का तना है। (Yah vichaar hamaare sangathan kaa tanaa hai.) - This idea is the core of our organization.
Using 'तना' (tanaa) correctly involves understanding its grammatical role as a noun and its semantic range. In Hindi, nouns have grammatical gender, and 'तना' is masculine. This affects the form of adjectives and possessive pronouns that modify it. For example, when describing the 'तना', you would use masculine adjectives like 'मजबूत' (mazboot - strong) or 'लंबा' (lamba - long). The possessive postposition 'का' (kaa) is used before masculine nouns like 'तना'.
- Literal Usage in Sentences
- In its literal sense, 'तना' is used when referring to the stem or trunk of plants. You'll often see it paired with words like 'पेड़' (ped - tree), 'पौधा' (paudhaa - plant), 'फूल' (phool - flower), and 'जंगल' (jangal - forest).
- Metaphorical Usage in Sentences
- The metaphorical use of 'तना' is more abstract. It signifies the fundamental support or core of something. Common pairings include 'सिद्धांत' (siddhaant - principle), 'विचार' (vichaar - idea), 'आंदोलन' (aandolan - movement), 'सरकार' (sarkaar - government), and 'परिवार' (parivaar - family).
- Sentence Structure
- A typical sentence structure would involve the subject, followed by the object (which might include 'तना' as part of a noun phrase), and then the verb. Possessive constructions like 'X का तना' (X's stem/trunk/core) are very common.
बड़ा बरगद का तना बहुत मोटा था। (Badaa bargad kaa tanaa bahut moṭaa thaa.) - The big banyan tree's trunk was very thick.
ईमानदारी इस कंपनी के तना है। (Imaandaari is company ke tanaa hai.) - Honesty is the core of this company.
पौधे का तना ऊपर की ओर बढ़ता है। (Paudhe kaa tanaa upar ki or baṛhtaa hai.) - The plant's stem grows upwards.
You will hear 'तना' (tanaa) in a variety of everyday situations across India, reflecting its broad applicability. Its most common domain is discussions about nature and the environment. Picture conversations in parks, gardens, or during walks in rural areas. People will talk about the 'पेड़ का तना' (ped kaa tanaa - tree's trunk) when observing its size, strength, or age. For example, someone might point out, 'देखो, उस आम के पेड़ का तना कितना मोटा है!' (Dekho, us aam ke ped kaa tanaa kitnaa moṭaa hai! - Look, how thick the trunk of that mango tree is!).
In educational settings, particularly in primary and secondary schools, 'तना' is a staple vocabulary word when teaching about plant biology. Textbooks and teachers will use it extensively when explaining the parts of a plant and their functions. You might hear a teacher explaining, 'पौधे का तना उसे सीधा खड़ा रखता है और पानी को पत्तियों तक पहुँचाता है।' (Paudhe kaa tanaa use seedhaa khaṛaa rakhtaa hai aur paani ko patti'on tak pahunchaataa hai. - The plant's stem keeps it standing upright and transports water to the leaves).
Beyond the literal, the metaphorical use of 'तना' is prevalent in discussions about societal structures, organizations, and even philosophical concepts. When people discuss the core principles or the foundational elements of a movement, a political party, or a family, they might use 'तना'. For instance, a news report about a political crisis might state, 'सरकार के तने में दरार आ गई है।' (Sarkaar ke tane mein daraar aa ga'i hai. - Cracks have appeared in the government's core/foundation). Similarly, in family discussions, someone might say, 'यह परिवार का तना है, वही सब कुछ संभालता है।' (Yah parivaar kaa tanaa hai, vahii sab kuch sambhaalataa hai. - He is the family's core, he manages everything).
You will also encounter 'तना' in literature, poetry, and songs, where it is often used to symbolize strength, resilience, and the enduring nature of life or principles. The imagery of a strong, unyielding trunk or stem is a powerful metaphor.
- Gardens and Parks
- Conversations about trees and plants, their health, size, and appearance. For example, "इस पुराने बरगद के पेड़ का तना कितना विशाल है!" (Is puraane bargad ke ped kaa tanaa kitnaa vishaal hai! - How enormous is the trunk of this old banyan tree!).
- Educational Contexts
- In schools, when teaching botany or general science. "तना पौधे का वह हिस्सा है जो जमीन से ऊपर बढ़ता है।" (Tanaa paudhe kaa vah hissaa hai jo zameen se upar baṛhtaa hai. - The stem is the part of the plant that grows above the ground).
- Discussions on Structure and Foundation
- When talking about the core or fundamental support of an organization, idea, or family. "उस संस्था का तना उसके संस्थापक के विचार थे।" (Us sansthaa kaa tanaa uske sansthaapak ke vichaar the. - The core of that institution was its founder's ideas).
- Literature and Media
- Metaphorical uses in stories, poems, and news articles to represent strength, stability, or the central support system.
बाग़वान ने कहा, "इस गुलाब के पौधे का तना बहुत नाजुक है।" (Baaghwaan ne kahaa, "Is gulaab ke paudhe kaa tanaa bahut naazuk hai.") - The gardener said, "The stem of this rose plant is very delicate."
Learners of Hindi might make a few common mistakes when using the word 'तना' (tanaa). One primary area of confusion can be related to its grammatical gender. 'तना' is a masculine noun. If a learner mistakenly treats it as feminine, they might use feminine adjectives or possessive pronouns, leading to grammatical errors. For example, they might incorrectly say 'तना मोटी है' (tanaa moṭi hai - the stem is thick, using a feminine adjective) instead of the correct 'तना मोटा है' (tanaa moṭaa hai - the stem is thick, using a masculine adjective).
Another potential pitfall is overusing the literal meaning and failing to recognize the metaphorical usage. While 'तना' clearly means stem or trunk in botany, it also serves as a powerful metaphor for the core, foundation, or support of abstract concepts. A learner might stick to only the botanical meaning and miss the richer, figurative applications in conversations about society, ideas, or organizations. For instance, interpreting 'यह हमारे रिश्ते का तना है' (Yah hamaare rishte kaa tanaa hai - This is the core of our relationship) literally as 'the stem of our relationship' would be incorrect.
Confusion can also arise from similar-sounding words or words with related meanings. For example, 'तण' (taṇ) means 'grass' or 'straw', which is phonetically somewhat close but semantically very different. Learners need to be careful to distinguish 'तना' (stem/trunk) from 'तण' (grass).
Pronunciation can also be a minor issue. While 'तना' is straightforward, subtle differences in pronunciation might lead to misunderstandings, especially if the vowel sounds are not clear. Ensuring the 'त' (ta) sound is crisp and the 'अ' (a) and 'आ' (aa) vowels are distinct is important.
Finally, learners might sometimes use 'तना' when a more specific word is appropriate, or vice versa. While 'तना' can refer to the trunk of a large tree, for smaller plants, 'डंठल' (ḍaṇṭhal - stalk) might be more commonly used for the stem that holds a flower or leaf. Understanding these nuances helps in more precise language use.
- Grammatical Gender
- Mistaking 'तना' (masculine) for a feminine noun and using feminine adjectives or pronouns. Correct: 'तना मजबूत है' (tanaa mazboot hai). Incorrect: 'तना मजबूत है' (if interpreted as feminine).
- Literal vs. Metaphorical Meaning
- Over-reliance on the botanical meaning and failing to grasp its use as a metaphor for 'core' or 'foundation'. Example: Interpreting 'यह विचार आंदोलन का तना है' literally instead of as 'This idea is the core of the movement'.
- Similar Words
- Confusing 'तना' (stem/trunk) with similar-sounding words like 'तण' (grass/straw).
- Specificity
- Using 'तना' when a more specific term like 'डंठल' (stalk) might be more appropriate for certain plant parts.
Incorrect: यह पेड़ का तना लंबी है। (Yah ped kaa tanaa lambi hai.) - The tree's trunk is long (using feminine 'lambi').
Correct: यह पेड़ का तना लंबा है। (Yah ped kaa tanaa lambaa hai.) - The tree's trunk is long (using masculine 'lambaa').
While 'तना' (tanaa) is the primary word for stem or trunk, Hindi has other words that can be used in similar contexts or for related concepts, offering different nuances. Understanding these distinctions helps in using the language more precisely.
- डंठल (ḍaṇṭhal)
- Meaning: Stalk, petiole, pedicel. This word is used for the smaller, often slender, stem that supports a leaf, flower, or fruit. It's more specific than 'तना' and usually refers to younger or less substantial plant structures.
- Example Comparison:
- - 'गुलाब के फूल का तना नाजुक होता है।' (Gulaab ke phool kaa tanaa naazuk hotaa hai.) - The stem of the rose flower is delicate. (Here, 'तना' could refer to the main stem supporting the flower, or even the stem of the entire plant.)
- 'फूल का डंठल टूट गया।' (Phool kaa ḍaṇṭhal ṭooṭ gayaa.) - The stalk of the flower broke. (This specifically refers to the stalk holding the flower). - शाखा (shaakhaa)
- Meaning: Branch. This refers to the secondary woody growth from the trunk or main stem of a tree or shrub.
- Example Comparison:
- - 'पेड़ का तना मजबूत था, लेकिन उसकी शाखाएँ कमजोर थीं।' (Ped kaa tanaa mazboot thaa, lekin uski shaakhaayein kamzor thiin.) - The tree's trunk was strong, but its branches were weak.
- आधार (aadhaar)
- Meaning: Base, foundation, basis. This is a direct synonym for the metaphorical meaning of 'तना' when referring to the core or foundation of something abstract.
- Example Comparison:
- - 'यह सिद्धांत इस दर्शन का तना है।' (Yah siddhaant is darshan kaa tanaa hai.) - This principle is the core of this philosophy.
- - 'यह सिद्धांत इस दर्शन का आधार है।' (Yah siddhaant is darshan kaa aadhaar hai.) - This principle is the foundation of this philosophy. ('आधार' is often more explicitly used for abstract foundations).
- बुनियाद (buniyaad)
- Meaning: Foundation (often of a building, but also metaphorical). Similar to 'आधार', it emphasizes the foundational aspect.
- Example Comparison:
- - 'एक मजबूत समाज की बुनियाद शिक्षा है।' (Ek mazboot samaaj ki buniyaad shikshaa hai.) - Education is the foundation of a strong society.
- - 'इस आंदोलन का तना लोगों का विश्वास है।' (Is aandolan kaa tanaa logon kaa vishvaas hai.) - The core of this movement is people's trust. ('तना' here refers to the driving force or central element).
- Summary of Alternatives
- Use 'तना' for the main stem/trunk of a plant, or metaphorically for the core/central support. Use 'डंठल' for smaller stalks supporting leaves/flowers. Use 'शाखा' for branches. For abstract foundations, 'आधार' and 'बुनियाद' are often more direct synonyms than 'तना'.
The apple tree's trunk was covered in moss. (पेड़ का तना काई से ढका था।)
The flower's stalk was bent. (फूल का डंठल मुड़ गया था।)
The company's foundation is its customer service. (कंपनी का आधार उसकी ग्राहक सेवा है।)
چقدر رسمی است؟
نکته جالب
The PIE root *ten- also gave rise to English words like 'tendon', 'tension', and 'tent', all related to stretching or extending. This connection highlights the fundamental concept of extension inherent in the word 'tanaa'.
راهنمای تلفظ
- Pronouncing the 'त' as aspirated 'th' (like in 'thin').
- Shortening the final 'आ' (aa) sound.
- Placing stress on the first syllable.
سطح دشواری
The word itself is common. Difficulty arises in distinguishing literal vs. metaphorical use and understanding compound phrases or idiomatic expressions.
Requires correct grammatical gender agreement and context awareness for metaphorical usage.
Pronunciation is relatively straightforward, but using it naturally in varied contexts can be challenging.
Recognizing the word is easy; understanding its specific meaning (literal or metaphorical) depends heavily on context.
بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟
پیشنیازها
بعداً یاد بگیرید
پیشرفته
گرامر لازم
Masculine Noun Agreement
The noun 'तना' is masculine. Therefore, adjectives and possessive pronouns modifying it must also be in their masculine form. Example: 'मजबूत तना' (mazboot tanaa - strong trunk), not 'मजबूत तनी' (mazboot tanī).
Possessive Construction with 'का'
To show possession (X's trunk), the postposition 'का' (kaa) is used before the masculine noun 'तना'. Example: 'पेड़ का तना' (ped kaa tanaa - the tree's trunk).
Pluralization of Nouns
The plural form of 'तना' is 'तने' (tane). Example: 'पेड़ों के तने' (peḍon ke tane - the trunks of the trees).
Adverbial Use of 'में' and 'से'
'तना में' (tanaa mein) can mean 'in the trunk/stem' (literal) or 'within the core' (metaphorical). 'तना से' (tanaa se) can mean 'from the trunk/stem' or 'originating from the core'.
Metaphorical Extension of Meaning
The literal meaning of 'stem/trunk' extends to represent the core, foundation, or central support of abstract concepts like ideas, movements, or organizations.
مثالها بر اساس سطح
यह पेड़ का तना है।
This is the tree's stem.
'यह' (yah - this) is a demonstrative pronoun. 'पेड़ का' (ped kaa) means 'of the tree'. 'तना' (tanaa) is the noun 'stem'.
पौधे का तना हरा है।
The plant's stem is green.
'हरा' (haraa - green) is a masculine adjective agreeing with 'तना'.
तना सीधा खड़ा है।
The stem stands straight.
'सीधा' (seedhaa - straight) is a masculine adjective. 'खड़ा है' (khaṛaa hai) means 'is standing'.
पेड़ का तना मोटा है।
The tree's trunk is thick.
'मोटा' (moṭaa - thick) is a masculine adjective.
तना ऊपर जाता है।
The stem goes upwards.
'ऊपर' (upara - up/upwards) is an adverb of direction. 'जाता है' (jaataa hai) means 'goes'.
यह तना मजबूत है।
This stem is strong.
'मजबूत' (mazboot - strong) is an adjective that doesn't change form based on gender.
क्या यह तना है?
Is this a stem?
The question is formed by intonation or adding 'क्या' (kyaa - what/interrogative particle) at the beginning.
तना पानी पीता है।
The stem drinks water.
Figuratively, the stem is responsible for water transport, hence this simplified description.
बड़ा पेड़ का तना बहुत मजबूत होता है।
The trunk of a big tree is very strong.
'बड़ा' (baṛaa - big) is a masculine adjective. 'बहुत' (bahut - very) is an adverb.
हमें पेड़ के तने को बचाना चाहिए।
We should protect the tree's trunk.
'हमें' (hamein - to us/we) is the pronoun. 'बचाना चाहिए' (bachaanaa chaahie) means 'should protect'.
इस पौधे का तना अभी छोटा है।
The stem of this plant is still small.
'अभी' (abhi - still/now) is an adverb. 'छोटा' (chhoṭaa - small) is a masculine adjective.
पेड़ की जड़ें तने से जुड़ी होती हैं।
The tree's roots are connected to the stem.
'जड़ें' (jaṛein - roots) is the plural of 'जड़' (jaṛ). 'जुड़ी होती हैं' (juṛii hotii hain) means 'are connected'.
यह विचार संगठन का तना है।
This idea is the core of the organization.
Metaphorical use: 'विचार' (vichaar - idea), 'संगठन' (sangathan - organization). 'तना' here means 'core' or 'foundation'.
पुराने पेड़ों के तने पर निशान होते हैं।
Old trees have marks on their trunks.
'पुराने' (puraane - old) is a masculine plural adjective. 'निशान' (nishaan - marks) is plural.
पेड़ का तना जमीन में गहरा जाता है।
The tree's trunk goes deep into the ground.
'जमीन में' (zameen mein - in the ground). 'गहरा' (gaharaa - deep) is an adverb here.
क्या तुम इस तने को पहचानते हो?
Do you recognize this stem?
'पहचानते हो' (pahchaante ho) means 'do you recognize'.
जब हम जंगल में थे, तो हमने एक विशालकाय पेड़ का तना देखा।
When we were in the forest, we saw the trunk of a giant tree.
'जंगल' (jangal - forest), 'विशालकाय' (vishaalkaay - giant/huge).
किसी भी आंदोलन की सफलता उसके तने की मजबूती पर निर्भर करती है।
The success of any movement depends on the strength of its core.
Metaphorical: 'आंदोलन' (aandolan - movement), 'सफलता' (safaltaa - success), 'निर्भर करती है' (nirbhar kartii hai - depends).
यह चित्र एक ऐसे पौधे का है जिसका तना बहुत रंगीन है।
This picture is of a plant whose stem is very colorful.
'रंगीन' (rangeen - colorful). 'जिसका' (jiskaa - whose).
वैज्ञानिकों ने पेड़ के तने की उम्र का पता लगाने के लिए एक नई विधि विकसित की है।
Scientists have developed a new method to determine the age of a tree's trunk.
'वैज्ञानिकों' (vaigyaanikon - scientists), 'विधि' (vidhi - method), 'विकसित की है' (viksit kii hai - have developed).
उसकी बातों का तना इतना मजबूत था कि कोई उसे हिला नहीं सका।
The core of his arguments was so strong that no one could shake it.
Metaphorical: 'बातें' (baatein - words/arguments), 'हिला नहीं सका' (hilaa nahii.n sakaa - could not shake).
बरसात के मौसम में, घास का तना तेजी से बढ़ता है।
In the rainy season, the stem of the grass grows rapidly.
'बरसात' (barsaat - rain/monsoon), 'तेजी से' (tejii se - rapidly).
कलाकार ने अपनी पेंटिंग में पेड़ के तने की बनावट को बहुत बारीकी से दर्शाया है।
The artist has depicted the texture of the tree's trunk very meticulously in his painting.
'कलाकार' (kalaakaar - artist), 'बनावट' (banaavaṭ - texture), 'बारीकी से' (baareekii se - meticulously).
हमें यह सुनिश्चित करना होगा कि हमारे समाज का तना नैतिक मूल्यों पर आधारित हो।
We must ensure that the core of our society is based on moral values.
Metaphorical: 'नैतिक मूल्यों' (naitik mul'yon - moral values), 'सुनिश्चित करना होगा' (sunishchit karnaa hogaa - must ensure).
वनस्पति विज्ञान के अध्ययन में, तने की आंतरिक संरचना का विश्लेषण महत्वपूर्ण होता है।
In the study of botany, the analysis of the stem's internal structure is important.
'वनस्पति विज्ञान' (vanaspati vigyaan - botany), 'आंतरिक संरचना' (aantarik sanrachanaa - internal structure), 'विश्लेषण' (vishleshan - analysis).
किसी भी राष्ट्र की सांस्कृतिक पहचान उसके इतिहास और परंपराओं के तने से ही विकसित होती है।
The cultural identity of any nation develops from the core of its history and traditions.
Metaphorical: 'राष्ट्र' (raashtra - nation), 'सांस्कृतिक पहचान' (saanskritik pahachaan - cultural identity), 'परंपराओं' (paramparaon - traditions).
पर्यावरणविदों का मानना है कि वनों की कटाई से न केवल पेड़ों के तने प्रभावित होते हैं, बल्कि पूरे पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र पर भी गहरा असर पड़ता है।
Environmentalists believe that deforestation not only affects the trunks of trees but also has a profound impact on the entire ecosystem.
'पर्यावरणविदों' (paryaavaranvido - environmentalists), 'वनों की कटाई' (vanon kii kaṭaai - deforestation), 'पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र' (paaristhitikee tantra - ecosystem).
इस राजनीतिक दल का तना अपने मूल सिद्धांतों से भटक गया है, जिससे मतदाताओं में असंतोष फैल रहा है।
The core of this political party has strayed from its original principles, causing dissatisfaction among voters.
Metaphorical: 'राजनीतिक दल' (raajneetik dal - political party), 'सिद्धांतों' (siddhaanton - principles), 'मतदाताओं' (matdaataa'on - voters), 'असंतोष' (asantosh - dissatisfaction).
पेड़ के तने में मौजूद छाल (bark) न केवल सुरक्षा प्रदान करती है, बल्कि उसमें औषधीय गुण भी हो सकते हैं।
The bark present in the tree's trunk not only provides protection but can also have medicinal properties.
'छाल' (chhaal - bark), 'औषधीय गुण' (aushadhiy guṇ - medicinal properties).
किसी भी सफल व्यवसाय की नींव उसके कुशल नेतृत्व और मजबूत तने पर टिकी होती है।
The foundation of any successful business rests on its efficient leadership and strong core.
Metaphorical: 'व्यवसाय' (vyavsaay - business), 'कुशल नेतृत्व' (kushal netṛitv - efficient leadership), 'टिकी होती है' (ṭikii hotii hai - rests upon).
प्राचीन काल में, लोग अक्सर पेड़ के तने का उपयोग घर बनाने के लिए करते थे।
In ancient times, people often used tree trunks for building houses.
'प्राचीन काल' (praacheen kaal - ancient times), 'घर बनाने के लिए' (ghar banaane ke liye - for building houses).
जब तक किसी विचार का तना मजबूत न हो, तब तक उसे व्यापक रूप से स्वीकार करना मुश्किल होता है।
Until the core of an idea is strong, it is difficult to accept it widely.
Metaphorical: 'व्यापक रूप से' (vyaapak roop se - widely), 'स्वीकार करना' (sviikaar karnaa - to accept).
वनस्पति विज्ञान में, तने के विभिन्न प्रकारों का अध्ययन पौधों के विकास और अनुकूलन को समझने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाता है।
In botany, the study of different types of stems plays a crucial role in understanding plant development and adaptation.
'विभिन्न प्रकारों' (vibhinn prakaar'on - different types), 'अनुकूलन' (anukoolan - adaptation), 'महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाता है' (mahatvapūrṇ bhūmikā nibhātā hai - plays an important role).
किसी भी सामाजिक या राजनीतिक आंदोलन की दीर्घकालिक सफलता अक्सर उसके मूल सिद्धांतों के तने की अखंडता पर निर्भर करती है।
The long-term success of any social or political movement often depends on the integrity of the core of its fundamental principles.
Metaphorical: 'दीर्घकालिक' (dīrghakaalik - long-term), 'अखंडता' (akhaṇḍataa - integrity).
आधुनिक वास्तुकला में, इमारतों के तने (मुख्य संरचनात्मक तत्व) को न केवल स्थिर बल्कि सौंदर्य की दृष्टि से भी आकर्षक बनाने पर जोर दिया जाता है।
In modern architecture, emphasis is placed on making the core (main structural element) of buildings not only stable but also aesthetically pleasing.
Metaphorical: 'वास्तुकला' (vaastukalaa - architecture), 'मुख्य संरचनात्मक तत्व' (mukhya sanrachanaatmak tatva - main structural element), 'सौंदर्य की दृष्टि से' (saundarya kii driṣṭi se - aesthetically).
साहित्य में, किसी पात्र के चरित्र का 'तना' अक्सर उसके आंतरिक संघर्षों और नैतिक दुविधाओं से निर्मित होता है।
In literature, the 'core' of a character's personality is often formed by their internal conflicts and moral dilemmas.
Metaphorical: 'पात्र' (paatra - character), 'आंतरिक संघर्षों' (aantarik sangharṣon - internal conflicts), 'नैतिक दुविधाओं' (naitik duvidhaa'on - moral dilemmas).
पर्यावरणविदों ने चेतावनी दी है कि जलवायु परिवर्तन से न केवल ऊपरी तने बल्कि पौधों की जड़ों को भी नुकसान पहुँच रहा है।
Environmentalists have warned that climate change is damaging not only the upper stems but also the roots of plants.
'जलवायु परिवर्तन' (jalvaayu parivartan - climate change), 'ऊपरी तने' (ūparī tane - upper stems), 'जड़ों' (jaṛo - roots).
एक सफल उद्यमी के लिए, नवाचार (innovation) उसके व्यवसाय के तने की तरह होता है, जो उसे प्रतिस्पर्धा में आगे रखता है।
For a successful entrepreneur, innovation is like the core of their business, keeping them ahead in the competition.
Metaphorical: 'उद्यमी' (udyami - entrepreneur), 'नवाचार' (navaachaar - innovation), 'प्रतिस्पर्धा' (pratispardhaa - competition).
विभिन्न संस्कृतियों में, पेड़ के तने को अक्सर जीवन, शक्ति और निरंतरता का प्रतीक माना जाता है।
In various cultures, the trunk of a tree is often considered a symbol of life, strength, and continuity.
'प्रतीक' (prateek - symbol), 'निरंतरता' (nirantarataa - continuity).
किसी भी राष्ट्र की आर्थिक प्रगति का तना उसकी औद्योगिक क्षमता और तकनीकी उन्नति पर निर्भर करता है।
The core of any nation's economic progress depends on its industrial capacity and technological advancement.
Metaphorical: 'आर्थिक प्रगति' (aarthik pragati - economic progress), 'औद्योगिक क्षमता' (audyogik kṣhamataa - industrial capacity), 'तकनीकी उन्नति' (takneekee unnati - technological advancement).
पादप शरीर रचना विज्ञान में, तने के विभेदित ऊतकों (differentiated tissues) का जटिल तंत्र पादप के समग्र विकास और पर्यावरण के प्रति प्रतिक्रिया को नियंत्रित करता है।
In plant anatomy, the complex system of differentiated tissues in the stem controls the overall growth and response of the plant to the environment.
'पादप शरीर रचना विज्ञान' (paadapa shareer rachanaa vigyaan - plant anatomy), 'विभेदित ऊतकों' (vibhedit ūtakon - differentiated tissues), 'नियंत्रित करता है' (niyantrit kartaa hai - controls).
किसी भी विचारधारा के स्थायी बने रहने के लिए, उसके मूल तने को समय के साथ विकसित हो रहे सामाजिक और बौद्धिक परिदृश्यों के अनुरूप ढालना आवश्यक है।
For any ideology to remain sustainable, it is essential to adapt its fundamental core to the evolving social and intellectual landscapes over time.
Metaphorical: 'विचारधारा' (vichaaraadhaaaraa - ideology), 'स्थायी बने रहने' (sthaayii bane rahne - to remain sustainable), 'बौद्धिक परिदृश्यों' (bauddhik paridṛishyon - intellectual landscapes), 'अनुरूप ढालना' (anuroop ḍhaalnaa - to adapt accordingly).
आधुनिक शहरी नियोजन में, इमारतों के संरचनात्मक तने (structural core) को भूकंपीय झटकों (seismic shocks) का सामना करने के लिए विशेष सामग्री और इंजीनियरिंग तकनीकों का उपयोग करके डिजाइन किया जाता है।
In modern urban planning, the structural core of buildings is designed using special materials and engineering techniques to withstand seismic shocks.
Metaphorical: 'शहरी नियोजन' (śaharī niyojan - urban planning), 'भूकंपीय झटकों' (bhūkampiya jhaṭkon - seismic shocks), 'सामग्री' (saamagri - materials), 'इंजीनियरिंग तकनीकों' (injineering takneekon - engineering techniques).
एक राष्ट्र की सार्वभौमिक अपील (universal appeal) उसके सांस्कृतिक तने की गहराई और उसकी वैश्विक मंच पर प्रासंगिकता से निर्धारित होती है।
A nation's universal appeal is determined by the depth of its cultural core and its relevance on the global stage.
Metaphorical: 'सार्वभौमिक अपील' (saarvabhaumik appeal - universal appeal), 'वैश्विक मंच' (vaishvik mañch - global stage), 'प्रासंगिकता' (praasaṅgikataa - relevance).
जब हम पौधों के विकास के विकासवादी पहलुओं पर विचार करते हैं, तो तने के आकारिकी (morphology) और कार्य (function) में विविधता विकासवादी दबावों के प्रति अनुकूलन का एक उत्कृष्ट उदाहरण प्रस्तुत करती है।
When we consider the evolutionary aspects of plant development, the diversity in stem morphology and function presents an excellent example of adaptation to evolutionary pressures.
'विकासवादी पहलुओं' (vikaasavaadii pahalūon - evolutionary aspects), 'आकारिकी' (aakaarikee - morphology), 'विकासवादी दबावों' (vikaasavaadii dabaavon - evolutionary pressures).
किसी भी नवोन्मेषी परियोजना का तना उस दूरदर्शिता (foresight) और नवाचार (innovation) में निहित होता है जो प्रारंभिक चरण में ही उसकी दिशा और सफलता को निर्धारित करते हैं।
The core of any innovative project lies in the foresight and innovation that determine its direction and success in the initial stages.
Metaphorical: 'नवोन्मेषी परियोजना' (navonmeṣhī pariyojanā - innovative project), 'दूरदर्शिता' (dooradarśitaa - foresight), 'निहित होता है' (nihit hotaa hai - lies in/is inherent).
मानव समाज के इतिहास में, विभिन्न सभ्यताओं के तने अक्सर उनकी मौलिक दार्शनिक और आध्यात्मिक मान्यताओं से जुड़े रहे हैं।
In the history of human societies, the cores of various civilizations have often been linked to their fundamental philosophical and spiritual beliefs.
'सभ्यताओं' (sabhyataaon - civilizations), 'मौलिक' (maulik - fundamental), 'दार्शनिक' (daars'anik - philosophical), 'आध्यात्मिक मान्यताओं' (aadhyaatmik maanyataaon - spiritual beliefs).
किसी भी कलात्मक अभिव्यक्ति का तना उसकी मौलिकता (originality) और सांस्कृतिक संदर्भ (cultural context) में निहित होता है, जो उसे सार्वभौमिक अपील प्रदान करता है।
The core of any artistic expression lies in its originality and cultural context, which lend it universal appeal.
'कलात्मक अभिव्यक्ति' (kalaatmak abhivyakti - artistic expression), 'मौलिकता' (maulikataa - originality), 'सांस्कृतिक संदर्भ' (saanskritik sandarbh - cultural context).
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
— The trunk of a tree.
यह बहुत पुराना पेड़ है, इसका तना बहुत मोटा है। (This is a very old tree, its trunk is very thick.)
— The stem of a plant.
नए पौधे का तना हरा और कोमल है। (The new plant's stem is green and tender.)
— Strong stem or trunk.
यह पेड़ एक मजबूत तने के कारण तूफान में भी खड़ा रहा। (This tree stood even in the storm because of its strong trunk.)
— The core or foundation of a movement.
उसका नेतृत्व उस आंदोलन का तना था। (His leadership was the core of that movement.)
— The central idea or essence of a concept.
इस पुस्तक का तना मानवता का महत्व है। (The core of this book is the importance of humanity.)
— The central figure or pillar of a family.
पिताजी ही इस परिवार का तना हैं। (Father is the core of this family.)
— Attached to the stem/trunk.
पत्तियाँ तने से जुड़ी हुई थीं। (The leaves were attached to the stem.)
— Below the stem/trunk.
जड़ें तने के नीचे जमीन में थीं। (The roots were in the ground below the stem.)
— The texture of the stem/trunk.
पेड़ के तने की बनावट खुरदरी थी। (The texture of the tree's trunk was rough.)
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
Similar pronunciation but different meaning. 'तण' means 'grass' or 'straw'.
Related botanical term, but 'डंठल' refers specifically to the stalk of a leaf or flower, whereas 'तना' is the main stem or trunk.
Means 'body'. While phonetically similar, the meaning is entirely different.
اصطلاحات و عبارات
— To become the core or central support of an idea.
उसकी नई योजना जल्द ही परियोजना का तना बन गई। (His new plan soon became the core of the project.)
Metaphorical— To strengthen the core principles or foundation of a movement.
हमें अपने संगठन के तने को मजबूत करने के लिए काम करना चाहिए। (We must work to strengthen the core of our organization.)
Metaphorical— To remain firm and unshakeable like a tree trunk.
मुश्किलों में भी वह पेड़ के तने की तरह अड़िग रहा। (Even in difficulties, he remained firm like a tree trunk.)
Metaphorical— For ideas or concepts to branch out from a central core.
उसके मूल विचार से कई नई शाखाएँ निकलीं। (Many new branches emerged from the core of his original idea.)
Metaphorical— To provide support to the core or foundation.
उनका समर्थन हमारी टीम के तने को सहारा दे रहा है। (Their support is providing support to the core of our team.)
Metaphorical— For cracks to appear in the core or foundation, indicating weakness or division.
परिवार के तने में दरार आ गई थी। (Cracks appeared in the core of the family.)
Metaphorical— From the roots to the trunk; encompassing the entire structure or system.
उसने पूरे संगठन को जड़ों से तने तक बदल दिया। (He changed the entire organization from roots to trunk.)
Metaphorical— To maintain the integrity of the core or foundation; to stand upright metaphorically.
हमें अपने सिद्धांतों का तना सीधा रखना चाहिए। (We must keep the core of our principles upright.)
Metaphorical— To have strength in the core or foundation.
उसके तने में इतनी शक्ति थी कि वह किसी भी चुनौती का सामना कर सके। (There was so much strength in his core that he could face any challenge.)
Metaphorical— To strengthen the core or foundation.
हमें अपनी अर्थव्यवस्था के तने को मजबूत बनाना होगा। (We need to strengthen the core of our economy.)
Metaphoricalبهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Both refer to parts of a plant that grow upwards.
'तना' (tanaa) refers to the main, often thick, stem or trunk of a plant or tree. 'डंठल' (ḍaṇṭhal) refers to a thinner stalk that supports a leaf, flower, or fruit. Think of 'तना' as the primary structure and 'डंठल' as a secondary support for specific parts.
गुलाब के फूल का डंठल नाजुक होता है, जबकि गुलाब के पौधे का तना मजबूत होता है। (The stalk of the rose flower is delicate, while the stem of the rose plant is strong.)
Both can mean 'foundation' or 'core', especially in metaphorical contexts.
'आधार' (aadhaar) is a more direct and common synonym for 'foundation' or 'basis', particularly for abstract concepts like ideas, principles, or buildings. 'तना' (tanaa) used metaphorically implies a central, structural support that holds things together, often with a sense of growth or extension from it. While overlapping, 'आधार' is more about the base, and 'तना' is about the central, supporting axis.
यह सिद्धांत हमारे दर्शन का आधार है। (This principle is the foundation of our philosophy.) vs. यह विचार आंदोलन का तना है। (This idea is the core of the movement.)
Both are parts of a tree/plant.
'तना' (tanaa) is the main trunk or stem. 'शाखा' (shaakhaa) means 'branch', which grows out from the trunk. The trunk is the primary structure, and branches are secondary growths from it.
पेड़ का तना मोटा और मजबूत था, और उसकी शाखाएँ दूर-दूर तक फैली हुई थीं। (The tree's trunk was thick and strong, and its branches spread far and wide.)
Both are essential parts of a plant's structure.
'तना' (tanaa) is the part that grows above ground, providing support and transport. 'जड़' (jaṛ) is the part that grows underground, anchoring the plant and absorbing nutrients. They are opposite in location and primary function but are interconnected parts of the whole plant system.
पेड़ का तना ऊपर आसमान की ओर बढ़ता है, जबकि जड़ें नीचे जमीन में गहरी जाती हैं। (The tree's trunk grows upwards towards the sky, while the roots go deep down into the ground.)
Both are parts of a plant that are often discussed together.
'तना' (tanaa) is the stem or trunk. 'पत्ती' (patti) is a leaf, which grows from the stem. The stem supports the leaves, which are responsible for photosynthesis.
पौधे का तना हरा था और उस पर कई हरी पत्तियाँ लगी थीं। (The plant's stem was green, and many green leaves were attached to it.)
الگوهای جملهسازی
यह + [Noun] + का + तना + है।
यह पेड़ का तना है। (Yah ped kaa tanaa hai.)
[Noun] + का + तना + [Adjective] + है।
पौधे का तना हरा है। (Paudhe kaa tanaa haraa hai.)
[Noun] + का + तना + [Adverb] + [Adjective] + होता है।
पेड़ का तना बहुत मजबूत होता है। (Ped kaa tanaa bahut mazboot hotaa hai.)
[Metaphorical Noun] + का + तना + [is/was/will be] + [Metaphorical Noun/Concept].
यह विचार संगठन का तना है। (Yah vichaar sangathan kaa tanaa hai.)
जब + [Clause], + तो + [Clause with 'तना']।
जब हम जंगल में थे, तो हमने एक विशालकाय पेड़ का तना देखा। (Jab hum jangal mein the, to humne ek vishaalkaay ped kaa tanaa dekhaa.)
[Metaphorical Noun] + की + [Noun] + उसके + तने + पर + निर्भर करती है।
किसी भी आंदोलन की सफलता उसके तने की मजबूती पर निर्भर करती है। (Kissi bhii aandolan kii safaltaa uske tane kii mazbootii par nirbhar kartii hai.)
[Subject] + का + तना + [Preposition] + [Noun] + [Verb Phrase].
पेड़ के तने में मौजूद छाल सुरक्षा प्रदान करती है। (Ped ke tane mein maujood chhaal surakshaa pradaan kartii hai.)
[Complex Subject Clause] + में, + [Clause with 'तना'] + महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाता है।
वनस्पति विज्ञान में, तने की आंतरिक संरचना का अध्ययन महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाता है। (Vanaspati vigyaan mein, tane kii aantarik sanrachanaa kaa adhyayan mahatvapūrṇ bhūmikā nibhātā hai.)
خانواده کلمه
اسمها
صفتها
مرتبط
نحوه استفاده
High
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Using feminine agreement with 'तना'.
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तना मजबूत है। (tanaa mazboot hai.)
Example: Incorrect: 'यह तना मोटी है।' Correct: 'यह तना मोटा है।' (The stem/trunk is thick). 'तना' is masculine, so the adjective 'मोटा' (moṭaa) must be masculine.
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Confusing 'तना' with 'डंठल' or 'शाखा'.
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पेड़ का तना, फूल का डंठल, पेड़ की शाखा।
'तना' is the main trunk/stem. 'डंठल' is a stalk for leaves/flowers. 'शाखा' is a branch. Use the specific word based on the plant part.
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Overlooking the metaphorical meaning.
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यह विचार आंदोलन का तना है। (This idea is the core of the movement.)
Learners might only understand 'tanaa' as a plant part. It's crucial to recognize its use for the core/foundation of abstract concepts.
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Incorrect pluralization.
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पेड़ों के तने। (peḍon ke tane.)
The plural of 'तना' is 'तने'. Incorrect: 'पेड़ों के तना' (singular).
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Confusing 'तना' with 'तन' (body).
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मेरा तन स्वस्थ है। (Meraa tan svasth hai.)
'तना' (tanaa) means stem/trunk. 'तन' (tan) means body. They sound similar but have completely different meanings.
نکات
Remember the Gender!
Always remember that 'तना' is a masculine noun. This means adjectives modifying it must be masculine (e.g., 'मोटा तना' - moṭaa tanaa, 'लंबा तना' - lambaa tanaa). This is a common point of error for learners.
Literal vs. Metaphorical
Pay close attention to the context. If you're talking about plants, it's literal (stem/trunk). If you're discussing ideas, organizations, or society, it's metaphorical (core/foundation/support).
Distinguish from Similar Words
Be careful not to confuse 'तना' (stem/trunk) with 'डंठल' (stalk - for leaves/flowers) or 'शाखा' (branch). Also, for abstract foundations, 'आधार' or 'बुनियाद' might be more precise alternatives.
Stress the Second Syllable
The word is pronounced ta-NAA, with the stress on the second syllable. Practicing this rhythm will make your pronunciation clearer and more natural.
Think of it as a Pillar
Whether literal or metaphorical, 'तना' represents something that provides essential support and structure. Visualizing it as a strong pillar can help reinforce its meaning.
Use it in Sentences
Actively try to use 'तना' in your own sentences, both for literal plant descriptions and metaphorical concepts. The more you practice, the more natural it will become.
Symbolism of Trees
In Indian culture, trees and their trunks often symbolize strength, longevity, and connection. Understanding this symbolism can enhance your appreciation of the word's deeper connotations.
Plural Form
Remember the plural form is 'तने' (tane). You'll use this when talking about multiple stems or trunks.
Compound Words
Learn common compound phrases like 'पेड़ का तना' (tree's trunk) and 'पौधे का तना' (plant's stem) as they are frequently used.
Core Concept
Think of 'तना' as the 'core' concept. Just as the trunk is the central part of a tree, 'tanaa' can be the central, essential part of an idea or organization.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Imagine a tall, strong 'TANA' (like the English word 'tan') colored tree. The 'tan' color of its trunk makes it stand out. The 'TANA' of the tree is its main support.
تداعی تصویری
Picture a sturdy tree with a thick, brown trunk. Focus on the trunk as the central, supporting element. You can also visualize a plant stem holding up bright flowers.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Try to describe your favorite plant or tree using the word 'तना'. Then, think of an organization or idea you're part of and describe its 'तना' (core) using the word.
ریشه کلمه
The word 'तना' (tanaa) likely derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *ten-, meaning 'to stretch' or 'to extend'. This root is related to the concept of something that extends upwards or outwards, like a stem or trunk.
معنای اصلی: Extended part, something that stretches out.
Indo-Aryan (Indo-European)بافت فرهنگی
The word 'tanaa' itself is neutral. However, when used metaphorically for abstract concepts like 'core of a nation' or 'foundation of a movement', ensure the context is appropriate and respectful, as these can be sensitive topics.
In English-speaking cultures, the trunk of a tree is primarily seen as a structural component. While it can symbolize strength, it doesn't carry the same deep spiritual or cosmological significance as in many Indian traditions.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
Gardening and nature walks
- पेड़ का तना
- पौधे का तना
- मजबूत तना
- तना मोटा है
Botany lessons
- तना की संरचना
- तना का कार्य
- तना ऊपर बढ़ता है
Discussions about organizations or movements
- आंदोलन का तना
- संगठन का तना
- विचार का तना
- तने को मजबूत करना
Describing stability or foundations
- परिवार का तना
- समाज का तना
- तने की तरह अड़िग
Art and literature
- तने की बनावट
- जीवन का तना
- प्रतीक के रूप में तना
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"आज आपने अपने आसपास कोई खास पेड़ देखा? उसके तने के बारे में कुछ बताएँ।"
"क्या आपके घर के पास कोई ऐसा पौधा है जिसका तना बहुत अनोखा हो? कैसा दिखता है?"
"जब आप 'तना' शब्द सुनते हैं, तो आपके मन में सबसे पहले क्या आता है - कोई पेड़ या कोई विचार?"
"किसी भी संगठन या समूह के लिए सबसे महत्वपूर्ण क्या होता है? क्या आप उसे 'तना' कहेंगे?"
"क्या आपने कभी किसी पेड़ के तने पर कुछ लिखा हुआ देखा है? उसका क्या मतलब हो सकता है?"
موضوعات نگارش
Describe a tree you remember from your childhood. Focus on its trunk (तना) and what it represented to you.
Think about a cause or belief you strongly support. What is the 'core' (तना) of this belief, and why is it important?
Imagine you are designing a new community project. What would be the essential 'trunk' (तना) or foundation of this project to ensure its success?
Reflect on a time you faced a challenge. What was the 'core strength' (तना) that helped you overcome it?
Write a short poem or story where the 'तना' (stem/trunk) plays a central role, either literally or metaphorically.
سوالات متداول
10 سوالNo, 'तना' has a literal meaning for plants (stem/trunk) and a very common metaphorical meaning. Metaphorically, it refers to the core, foundation, or central support of abstract things like ideas, organizations, movements, or even relationships. For example, 'यह विचार आंदोलन का तना है' means 'This idea is the core of the movement.'
'तना' (tanaa) is a masculine noun in Hindi. This is important for grammatical agreement, meaning adjectives and possessive pronouns used with it will take their masculine forms. For instance, 'मजबूत तना' (mazboot tanaa - strong trunk), not 'मजबूत तनी'.
The plural form of 'तना' is 'तने' (tane). For example, 'पेड़ों के तने' (peḍon ke tane) means 'the trunks of the trees'.
Yes, 'डंठल' (ḍaṇṭhal) is used for a smaller stalk supporting a leaf or flower. 'शाखा' (shaakhaa) means 'branch'. For metaphorical meanings of 'foundation' or 'core', words like 'आधार' (aadhaar) and 'बुनियाद' (buniyaad) are also common and sometimes more direct synonyms.
Think of 'तना' as the main, sturdy 'trunk' of a large tree or the primary stem of a plant. 'डंठल' is smaller, like the 'stalk' of a single flower or leaf that emerges from the main stem.
This is a metaphorical use. It means the 'core' or the main pillar of the family, usually referring to the person who holds it together, provides support, or is the central figure. It's like saying 'the backbone of the family'.
'तना' is used in both formal and informal contexts. Its literal botanical meaning is common in scientific or educational settings, while its metaphorical meaning is frequent in everyday conversations, discussions, and literature.
Yes, metaphorically. For example, one might refer to the 'central support' or 'main structure' of a building as its 'तना', though words like 'आधार' (foundation) or 'मुख्य ढाँचा' (mukhya ḍhaañchaa - main structure) might be more common for inanimate objects.
It is pronounced ta-NAA, with the stress on the second syllable. The 'त' is a dental 't' sound, and the 'आ' is a long 'ah' sound like in 'father'.
The word 'तना' likely comes from an ancient Indo-European root related to 'stretching' or 'extending', reflecting its meaning of something that grows outwards or upwards, like a stem or trunk.
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Summary
The Hindi word 'तना' (tanaa) is a masculine noun that literally means the stem of a plant or the trunk of a tree. It is also used metaphorically to refer to the core, foundation, or central support of abstract concepts, organizations, or ideas. Understanding its dual meaning and grammatical gender is key to its correct usage.
- Tanaa (तना) means stem/trunk.
- It's a masculine noun in Hindi.
- Used literally for plants and metaphorically for core/foundation.
- Pay attention to context and grammatical gender.
Remember the Gender!
Always remember that 'तना' is a masculine noun. This means adjectives modifying it must be masculine (e.g., 'मोटा तना' - moṭaa tanaa, 'लंबा तना' - lambaa tanaa). This is a common point of error for learners.
Literal vs. Metaphorical
Pay close attention to the context. If you're talking about plants, it's literal (stem/trunk). If you're discussing ideas, organizations, or society, it's metaphorical (core/foundation/support).
Distinguish from Similar Words
Be careful not to confuse 'तना' (stem/trunk) with 'डंठल' (stalk - for leaves/flowers) or 'शाखा' (branch). Also, for abstract foundations, 'आधार' or 'बुनियाद' might be more precise alternatives.
Stress the Second Syllable
The word is pronounced ta-NAA, with the stress on the second syllable. Practicing this rhythm will make your pronunciation clearer and more natural.
مثال
पेड़ का तना बहुत मोटा था।
محتوای مرتبط
واژههای بیشتر nature
आच्छादित करना
B2پوشاندن؛ گسترده شدن روی یا اطراف چیزی.
आघात करना
B2ضربه زدن با قدرت یا وارد کردن شوک.
आहार श्रृंखला
B2Food chain; a hierarchical series of organisms each dependent on the next as a source of food.
आहिस्ता
B2At a slow pace or speed; slowly.
आकस्मिक रूप से
B2به طور تصادفی یا بدون قصد؛ ناگهانی یا غیرمنتظره.
आकाश
A1آسمان
आकाशगंगा
B2سیستمی از میلیونها یا میلیاردها ستاره، همراه با گاز و غبار که توسط نیروی گرانش کنار هم نگه داشته شدهاند؛ کهکشان.
आकाशगंगा का
B2Relating to a galaxy or galaxies; galactic.
आकाशीय
B2مربوط به آسمان یا فضای بیرونی؛ آسمانی.
आकाशीय बिजली
B2آذرخشی که در آسمان رخ میدهد، معمولاً در طول طوفانهای تندری.