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B2 noun 9 دقیقه مطالعه

凝結

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 凝結 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 凝結 in your Level:

At the A1 level, '凝結' (gyōketsu) is a very difficult word that you probably won't need for daily life. It is a 'science' word. Instead, you should learn simpler words like '水' (mizu - water) or '雲' (kumo - cloud). If you see '凝結' in a book, just remember it means 'gas turning into water.' Think about a hot shower: the steam turns into little water drops on the mirror. That process is '凝結.' In easy Japanese, we might say '水蒸気が水になる' (suijōki ga mizu ni naru - water vapor becomes water). Focus on learning the kanji for water and clouds first. '凝結' is for when you become a scientist or a weather reporter later! For now, if you see it, just think: 'Ah, water is forming from the air.' It is much more formal than what people say at home.

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At the A2 level, you are starting to learn more about the world around you in Japanese. '凝結' (gyōketsu) is a formal word for 'condensation.' You might see it in a basic science textbook or a weather report on TV. It is a combination of two kanji: '凝' (congeal) and '結' (tie/result). You don't need to use it in conversation yet, but you should recognize it. A common example is how clouds are made. When warm air goes up and gets cold, the water in the air 'condenses' (凝結する). If you are at home and see water on your window, Japanese people usually use a different word, '結露' (ketsuro). '凝結' is the 'classroom' word. Try to remember that '凝結' is a process where something invisible (gas) becomes something you can see (liquid).

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At the B1 level, you should be able to understand '凝結' (gyōketsu) when reading news articles or watching educational videos. This word is a 'suru-verb,' so you will often see it as '凝結する' (to condense). It is primarily used in scientific contexts. For instance, when explaining the water cycle (水循環), '凝結' is the key term for the step where vapor turns into clouds. You should also start to notice the difference between '凝結' and '凝固' (gyōko - freezing/solidification). While '凝結' is about gas becoming liquid, '凝固' is about liquid becoming solid. If you are describing a scientific experiment in Japanese, '凝結' is the correct term to use. You might also hear it in weather forecasts when they talk about fog (霧) forming during the night.

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At the B2 level, '凝結' (gyōketsu) is a word you are expected to know and use in formal or academic settings. As an upper-intermediate learner, you should understand the technical nuances. For example, '凝結核' (gyōketsukaku) refers to condensation nuclei, which are essential for cloud formation. You should be able to explain the physical process using this term: '水蒸気が凝結して小さな水滴になります' (Water vapor condenses and becomes small water droplets). At this level, it is important to distinguish '凝結' from '結露' (surface condensation) and '凝縮' (general condensation/compression). '凝結' is specifically about the phase change from gas to liquid or solid. You might encounter this word in environmental discussions, engineering documents, or advanced science materials. It carries a formal, objective tone.

At the C1 level, you should have a nuanced command of '凝結' (gyōketsu) and its related terminology. You should be comfortable using it in professional presentations, academic writing, or high-level discussions about physics and meteorology. Beyond the basic 'gas to liquid' definition, you might explore its rarer metaphorical uses in literature, where it describes the 'solidification' of abstract concepts like 'power' or 'will' into a tangible form. You should also be familiar with related technical terms like '凝結熱' (heat of condensation) and how it relates to latent heat (潜熱). At this level, you should be able to debate environmental issues, such as how pollutants act as '凝結核' and affect rainfall patterns, using '凝結' with precision and ease. Your understanding should include the historical context of the word as a Meiji-era scientific translation.

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At the C2 level, '凝結' (gyōketsu) is a tool for precise scientific and philosophical expression. You understand that while it primarily denotes the phase transition from gas to liquid, its kanji roots allow for a poetic interpretation of 'concentration' and 'crystallization' of thought. You can effortlessly distinguish between '凝結', '凝縮', '凝固', and '液化' in a technical paper, choosing the exact term that fits the thermodynamic process being described. You might analyze how the term is used in classical modern literature to describe the chilling atmosphere of a scene or the crystallization of a character's resolve. Your mastery allows you to use '凝結' in complex grammatical structures, such as describing the '凝結点' (condensation point) of exotic gases or the '凝結作用' (condensing action) in industrial chemical engineering, all while maintaining the appropriate formal register.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

凝結 در ۳۰ ثانیه

A formal/scientific term for condensation, specifically the phase change from a gaseous state to a liquid or solid state due to cooling or pressure.
Commonly used in meteorology to describe cloud and fog formation, often appearing in textbooks, news, and technical documents rather than casual speech.
Distinct from 'ketsuro' (everyday surface dew) and 'gyōko' (freezing), focusing on the physical transition of vapor into droplets.
Functions as a noun or a suru-verb (凝結する), frequently associated with technical terms like 'condensation nuclei' (凝結核) and 'latent heat' (潜熱).

The Japanese word 凝結 (ぎょうけつ - gyōketsu) is a technical and formal term primarily used in the fields of physics, meteorology, and chemistry. At its core, it describes the physical process of phase transition, specifically when a substance changes from a gaseous state to a liquid or solid state. While English speakers might simply use the word 'condensation' for a variety of situations, Japanese distinguishes between the general scientific process (凝結) and the specific everyday occurrence of moisture forming on a cold surface (結露 - ketsuro). Understanding 凝結 requires looking at its kanji: 凝 (gyō), meaning to congeal, freeze, or concentrate, and 結 (ketsu), meaning to tie, bind, or result in. Together, they paint a picture of molecules binding together and concentrating into a denser form.

Scientific Context: In meteorological terms, 凝結 is the process by which water vapor in the air turns into liquid water droplets, forming clouds or fog. This typically happens when air cools or when the amount of water vapor reaches its saturation point.

空気中の水蒸気が冷えて凝結し、雲ができる。(Water vapor in the air cools and condenses, forming clouds.)

Beyond science, 凝結 can occasionally be used metaphorically to describe the 'solidification' of ideas, feelings, or power, although this is much rarer than its scientific application. It implies a high degree of concentration and a change in state from something ephemeral to something tangible. In industrial settings, it might refer to the coagulation of particles in a liquid, such as in water treatment or food production. For a Japanese learner, the challenge lies in distinguishing 凝結 from its synonyms. While 凝縮 (gyōshuku) also means condensation, it often carries a nuance of 'compression' or 'concentration' (like condensed milk), whereas 凝結 is strictly about the phase change itself. In everyday life, if you see water on your window in winter, you would use 結露, but if you are explaining the physics behind it in a classroom, you would use 凝結.

Historically, the term has been used in Japanese academic writing since the Meiji era, when Western scientific concepts were being translated into kanji-based compounds. The choice of '凝' suggests a sense of 'stiffening' or 'becoming firm,' which accurately reflects the increase in density during condensation. When using this word, one should be aware that it functions as a 'suru-verb' (凝結する), allowing it to describe the action of condensing as well as the noun form of the process. In modern Japanese, its frequency is moderate, appearing most often in educational materials, news segments about the weather, and technical manuals involving HVAC or refrigeration systems.

Using 凝結 correctly involves understanding its role as a technical noun. It is most frequently paired with the particle 'が' (ga) to indicate the subject that is condensing, or used with 'する' (suru) to describe the process. Because it is a formal word, it is rarely found in casual conversation between friends unless they are discussing a specific scientific topic. Instead, it populates textbooks, academic papers, and formal presentations.

Grammatical Pattern: [Substance] + が + 凝結する (Substance condenses). For example: 水蒸気が凝結する (Water vapor condenses).

高度が上がると気温が下がり、水蒸気の凝結が始まる。(As altitude increases, temperature decreases, and the condensation of water vapor begins.)

Another common usage is the compound noun 凝結核 (gyōketsukaku), which refers to 'condensation nuclei'—the tiny particles like dust or salt around which water vapor condenses to form clouds. This is a crucial term in meteorology. You might also encounter 凝結点 (gyōketsuten), meaning the 'condensation point,' the specific temperature at which a gas begins to turn into a liquid. In these cases, 凝結 acts as a modifier for the following noun.

In a professional setting, such as an engineering firm, one might say: '配管内での凝結を防ぐ必要があります' (It is necessary to prevent condensation within the piping). Here, 凝結 is used to describe a technical problem that needs solving. The word carries a weight of precision and objectivity. If you were to use '結露' in this context, it would sound slightly more informal, like you are talking about the visible droplets rather than the physical process itself. Therefore, choosing 凝結 signals that you are discussing the phenomenon from a physical or engineering perspective.

While you won't hear 凝結 at a coffee shop or during a casual chat about the weather, it is a staple of specific environments. The most common place is the classroom. From elementary school science (rika) through university physics, 凝結 is the standard term for explaining the water cycle. Students learn how water evaporates from the ocean, rises, and then undergoes 凝結 to form clouds. If you watch NHK's educational programming or documentaries about nature, you will hear this word frequently.

Media Usage: Weather forecasts on TV often use '凝結' when explaining the formation of thick fog (霧 - kiri) or specific types of clouds. It adds a layer of scientific authority to the forecast.

今夜は放射冷却により、水蒸気が凝結して濃い霧が発生する見込みです。(Due to radiative cooling tonight, water vapor is expected to condense and thick fog will form.)

Another sphere where 凝結 is prevalent is in the manufacturing and construction industries. Engineers discussing the design of insulation or the prevention of moisture damage in buildings will use this term. For instance, in a meeting about building materials, an architect might discuss the '凝結防止' (gyōketsu bōshi - prevention of condensation) properties of a new type of glass. In this context, it is a technical requirement. Furthermore, in the chemical industry, the term is used when discussing the recovery of solvents or the cooling of gases in reactors. If you work in a STEM field in Japan, 凝結 will be part of your daily professional vocabulary.

Finally, you might encounter the word in literature, particularly in science fiction or older 'Meiji-era' novels where the author wishes to use sophisticated, kanji-heavy language to describe the atmosphere. A writer might describe a character's breath '凝結する' in the cold air to create a more clinical or detached tone compared to the more common '白くなる' (turning white). Overall, 凝結 is a word of the 'intellect' and 'industry,' marking the speaker as someone with technical knowledge or a formal communicative intent.

The most frequent mistake learners make with 凝結 is confusing it with its close relative, 結露 (ketsuro). While both involve condensation, their usage is strictly divided by context. 結露 is used for the visible droplets on surfaces (like a cold beer can or a window), whereas 凝結 is the name of the physical process itself. If you say '窓に凝結がついている' (There is 凝結 on the window), it sounds unnatural; you should say '窓に結露ができている' or '窓が結露している'.

Comparison: 凝結 (Gyōketsu): The process of gas → liquid. (Scientific focus)
結露 (Ketsuro): The result of moisture on a surface. (Everyday focus)

Another common error is mixing up 凝結 with 凝固 (gyōko). 凝固 refers to solidification, specifically from a liquid to a solid (like water freezing into ice or blood clotting). While 凝結 can technically include gas-to-solid transitions in some scientific definitions, in general Japanese, it is almost exclusively used for gas-to-liquid. Using 凝結 to describe water freezing is a major mistake; you must use 凝固 or the simpler 凍る (kōru).

× 液体が凝結して氷になる。
○ 液体が凝固して氷になる。(The liquid solidifies/freezes into ice.)

Lastly, learners sometimes use 凝縮 (gyōshuku) interchangeably with 凝結. While 凝縮 is also 'condensation,' it is much broader. 凝縮 can mean 'condensing' a long story into a short one, or 'condensing' a liquid to make it stronger. 凝結 is strictly a physical phase change. You can 'gyōshuku' (condense) your thoughts, but you cannot 'gyōketsu' them. If you are talking about physics, 凝結 is usually the safer, more specific term for the phase change from gas to liquid.

To master 凝結, one must understand its place within a cluster of related scientific and everyday terms. Japanese is very specific about phase changes and states of matter. Depending on the level of formality and the specific physical process, you might choose a different word.

Synonym: 結露 (Ketsuro): Usage: Everyday life. Specifically refers to dew forming on windows, walls, or cold containers. Example: '冬は窓の結露がひどい' (Condensation on the windows is bad in winter).
Synonym: 凝縮 (Gyōshuku): Usage: Scientific and metaphorical. Means to condense or concentrate. Often used for 'condensed' versions of things. Example: 'エッセンスを凝縮する' (To condense the essence).
Synonym: 凝固 (Gyōko): Usage: Scientific. Means solidification or freezing. Used for liquid → solid. Example: '溶岩の凝固' (Solidification of lava).

雲の形成は凝結、氷の形成は凝固、窓の滴は結露。(Cloud formation is gyōketsu, ice formation is gyōko, window drops are ketsuro.)

In addition to these, there is 液化 (ekkia), which literally means 'liquefaction.' While 凝結 is the process of a gas turning into a liquid due to cooling, 液化 is the broader term for turning any gas into a liquid, often through pressure (like 'liquid petroleum gas' - LPG). If you are talking about industrial gases in tanks, 液化 is the term to use. If you are talking about the natural process of rain forming in the sky, 凝結 is the more appropriate choice.

For learners, the best approach is to categorize these words by their 'state transition' and 'formality.' 凝結 is 'Gas to Liquid' and 'High Formality/Scientific.' By keeping this mental map, you can avoid the awkwardness of using a textbook word in the kitchen or a kitchen word in a lab report.

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

The kanji '凝' is also used in 'katakori' (shoulder stiffness - 肩凝り), implying that your muscles have 'congealed' like ice!

راهنمای تلفظ

UK ɡjoː.ke.tsu

US ɡjoː.ke.tsu

Japanese does not use stress in the English sense; it uses pitch accent. In 'gyōketsu', ensure the 'gyō' is held for two beats (morae) and 'ketsu' for two.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 4/5

Kanji '凝' is N1 level, though the word itself is B2/N2 level.

نوشتن 5/5

Kanji '凝' is complex to write correctly from memory.

صحبت کردن 3/5

Pronunciation is straightforward, but finding the right context to use it is tricky.

گوش دادن 3/5

Easy to recognize in weather reports or lectures.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

水蒸気液体気体冷える変化

بعداً یاد بگیرید

凝固気化潜熱露点飽和

پیشرفته

断熱膨張放射冷却過冷却相転移

گرامر لازم

Suru-verbs (N3-N1)

水蒸気が凝結する。

Cause/Reason with 〜によって (N3)

凝結によって雲ができる。

Simultaneous action with 〜に伴い (N2)

温度の低下に伴い、凝結が始まる。

Passive for scientific facts (N3)

熱が放出される。

Noun modification with 〜となる (N2)

凝結核となる物質。

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

水蒸気が凝結して水になります。

Water vapor condenses and becomes water.

Uses the basic 'A が B になります' (A becomes B) structure.

空の上で凝結がおきます。

Condensation happens high in the sky.

Uses 'Noun + がおきます' (Noun happens).

つめたい水のコップに凝結が見えます。

You can see condensation on a cold water glass.

A1-level simplification. (Note: 結露 is more common here, but 凝結 is used to explain the science).

凝結は理科の言葉です。

Gyōketsu is a science word.

Simple Noun A は Noun B です structure.

冬、窓に水が凝結します。

In winter, water condenses on the window.

Uses 'Time, Place + に + Subject + が + Verb'.

雲は凝結でできています。

Clouds are made by condensation.

Uses 'Noun + でできています' (is made of/by).

お湯の湯気が凝結しました。

The steam from the hot water condensed.

Past tense 'しました'.

凝結を知っていますか？

Do you know 'gyōketsu'?

Standard question form '〜を知っていますか？'.

暖かい空気が冷えると凝結が始まります。

When warm air cools, condensation begins.

Uses the '〜と' (when/if) conditional.

霧は水蒸気が凝結したものです。

Fog is what happens when water vapor condenses.

Uses 'Verb (past) + もの' to create a noun phrase.

理科の授業で凝結について習いました。

I learned about condensation in science class.

Uses '〜について' (about).

コップの外側に水滴が凝結しています。

Water droplets are condensing on the outside of the glass.

Uses '〜ています' to describe a current state.

凝結は気体が液体に変わることです。

Condensation is a gas changing into a liquid.

Uses 'Verb + こと' to nominalize the phrase.

山の上では凝結が起きやすいです。

Condensation happens easily on top of mountains.

Uses 'Stem + やすい' (easy to/likely to).

冬の朝は凝結が見られます。

Condensation can be seen on winter mornings.

Uses the potential form '見られる'.

この現象を凝結と呼びます。

We call this phenomenon condensation.

Uses 'A を B と呼びます' (Call A as B).

水蒸気が凝結する際に、熱が放出されます。

When water vapor condenses, heat is released.

Uses '〜際に' (at the time of) and passive '放出されます'.

湿度が高いと、凝結が起こりやすくなります。

When humidity is high, condensation happens more easily.

Uses 'Noun + が + Verb-stem + やすくなる'.

雲ができるためには、水蒸気の凝結が必要です。

In order for clouds to form, condensation of water vapor is necessary.

Uses '〜ためには' (in order to).

実験では、冷却管の中でガスを凝結させた。

In the experiment, we condensed the gas inside a cooling pipe.

Uses the causative form '凝結させた'.

凝結によって生じた水滴が雨になります。

Water droplets produced by condensation become rain.

Uses '〜によって' (by means of/due to).

空気の温度が凝結点まで下がりました。

The air temperature dropped to the condensation point.

Uses the technical term '凝結点'.

この機械は凝結を利用して水を作ります。

This machine uses condensation to create water.

Uses '〜を利用して' (using/utilizing).

凝結現象は、気象学において非常に重要です。

The phenomenon of condensation is very important in meteorology.

Uses '〜において' (in/at - formal).

凝結核となる微粒子がなければ、雲は形成されにくい。

Without fine particles to act as condensation nuclei, clouds are difficult to form.

Uses '〜となる' (acting as) and '〜にくい' (difficult to).

断熱膨張によって空気が冷え、凝結が促進される。

Air cools due to adiabatic expansion, promoting condensation.

Uses technical term '断熱膨張' and passive '促進される'.

冬場の住宅では、壁体内での内部凝結が問題となる。

In houses during winter, internal condensation within the walls becomes a problem.

Uses '内部凝結' (internal condensation) as a technical term.

飽和水蒸気量を超えると、余分な水分が凝結する。

When the amount of saturated water vapor is exceeded, the excess moisture condenses.

Uses '飽和水蒸気量' (saturated water vapor amount).

この塗料には、凝結を防止する効果があります。

This paint has an effect that prevents condensation.

Uses '〜を防止する' (to prevent).

上空の冷たい層で水蒸気が急速に凝結した。

Water vapor condensed rapidly in the cold upper layers of the atmosphere.

Uses adverb '急速に' (rapidly).

凝結に伴う潜熱の放出が、台風のエネルギー源となる。

The release of latent heat accompanying condensation serves as the energy source for typhoons.

Uses '〜に伴う' (accompanying) and '潜熱' (latent heat).

精密機器の内部で凝結が起きないよう注意が必要だ。

Care must be taken so that condensation does not occur inside precision equipment.

Uses '〜ないよう' (so that ... not).

大気汚染物質が凝結核として作用し、降水パターンを変化させている。

Atmospheric pollutants act as condensation nuclei, altering precipitation patterns.

Uses '〜として作用し' (acting as and...).

過冷却状態の水蒸気が、衝撃によって一瞬で凝結した。

Supercooled water vapor condensed in an instant due to an impact.

Uses technical term '過冷却' (supercooling).

彼の思想は、長年の研究を経てこの一冊に凝結されている。

His thoughts are condensed into this single volume after years of research.

Metaphorical usage of '凝結' (rare/literary).

化学プラントにおいて、蒸気を効率よく凝結させる技術が求められている。

In chemical plants, technology to efficiently condense steam is in demand.

Uses '〜が求められている' (is in demand).

露点温度を下回ると、空気中の湿気が凝結し始める。

When the temperature falls below the dew point, moisture in the air begins to condense.

Uses '露点温度' (dew point temperature).

凝結熱の計算は、空調システムの設計において不可欠である。

The calculation of the heat of condensation is essential in the design of HVAC systems.

Uses '不可欠' (indispensable/essential).

高圧環境下では、ガスの凝結挙動が通常とは異なる。

Under high-pressure environments, the condensation behavior of gases differs from the norm.

Uses '〜下' (under the condition of) and '挙動' (behavior).

冬の夜、放射冷却が強まると地表付近で凝結が進行する。

On winter nights, as radiative cooling intensifies, condensation proceeds near the ground surface.

Uses '放射冷却' (radiative cooling).

その詩人の言葉には、時代の苦悩が凝結しているかのような重みがある。

In the poet's words, there is a weight as if the suffering of the era had condensed within them.

Highly literary/metaphorical use.

星間物質が重力によって凝結し、新たな恒星が誕生するプロセスを考察する。

We will consider the process by which interstellar matter condenses due to gravity, leading to the birth of a new star.

Astrophysical context.

凝結核の化学組成が、雲の光学的厚さに与える影響を分析した。

We analyzed the influence of the chemical composition of condensation nuclei on the optical thickness of clouds.

Advanced academic research phrasing.

社会の矛盾が一点に凝結し、暴動という形で噴出した。

The contradictions of society condensed into a single point and erupted in the form of a riot.

Sociological metaphorical usage.

冷媒の凝結過程におけるエントロピーの変化を精密に測定する。

Precisely measure the change in entropy during the condensation process of a refrigerant.

Thermodynamic technical phrasing.

凝結水の回収システムを導入することで、工場の節水率を大幅に向上させた。

By introducing a condensed water recovery system, the water-saving rate of the factory was significantly improved.

Industrial/Environmental management context.

水蒸気の凝結に伴うエネルギー移動が、地球の気候システムを駆動している。

The energy transfer accompanying the condensation of water vapor drives the Earth's climate system.

Global-scale scientific context.

極低温下におけるヘリウムの凝結現象は、量子力学的な視点からも興味深い。

The condensation phenomenon of helium under cryogenic temperatures is interesting from a quantum mechanical perspective.

Quantum physics context.

ترکیب‌های رایج

水蒸気が凝結する

凝結核

凝結点

凝結熱

凝結水

凝結防止

内部凝結

急速に凝結する

凝結が始まる

凝結を促進する

عبارات رایج

凝結現象

— The phenomenon of condensation. Used in academic or descriptive contexts.

冬によく見られる凝結現象について説明する。

凝結作用

— The action of condensing. Used when describing a physical mechanism.

この物質には強い凝結作用がある。

凝結物

— Condensate; the substance that has resulted from condensation.

試験管の底に凝結物が溜まっている。

凝結速度

— Rate of condensation. Used in technical calculations.

温度変化が凝結速度に影響を与える。

凝結過程

— Condensation process. Used in step-by-step explanations.

凝結過程を顕微鏡で観察する。

凝結しやすい

— Prone to condensation. Used to describe materials or conditions.

この金属は表面が凝結しやすい。

凝結を防ぐ

— To prevent condensation. Common in engineering and maintenance.

断熱材を使って凝結を防ぐ。

凝結の仕組み

— The mechanism of condensation. Used in educational contexts.

雨が降る凝結の仕組みを学ぶ。

凝結が起こる

— Condensation occurs. A standard way to describe the event.

気圧が下がると凝結が起こる場合がある。

凝結温度

— Condensation temperature. Similar to dew point.

凝結温度に達すると水滴ができる。

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

凝結 vs 結露 (Ketsuro)

Ketsuro is the 'everyday' word for water on a surface. Gyōketsu is the 'science' word for the process.

凝結 vs 凝固 (Gyōko)

Gyōko is liquid to solid (freezing). Gyōketsu is gas to liquid (condensation).

凝結 vs 凝縮 (Gyōshuku)

Gyōshuku is broader; it can mean compressing data or ideas, as well as condensation.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"思いが凝結する"

— Thoughts or feelings solidifying or becoming focused. A literary way to say emotions have become intense and tangible.

長年の思いが、この一編の詩に凝結している。

Literary

"力が一点に凝結する"

— Power concentrating into a single point. Used in fiction or dramatic descriptions.

全エネルギーが彼の拳に凝結した。

Dramatic/Fiction

"時代の精華が凝結する"

— The best parts or essence of an era being concentrated into something.

この建築にはルネサンスの精華が凝結している。

Academic/Art Criticism

"意志が凝結する"

— Willpower becoming solid or unwavering.

絶望の中で、彼の復讐の意志が凝結した。

Literary

"美が凝結したような"

— As if beauty itself has been condensed/solidified. Used for extreme praise of art or nature.

それは、自然の美が凝結したような景色だった。

Poetic

"智慧が凝結する"

— Wisdom becoming concentrated or crystalized.

先人の智慧がこの伝統技術に凝結している。

Formal

"殺気が凝結する"

— Thirst for blood or an air of menace becoming palpable/thick.

部屋の中に殺気が凝結した。

Fiction/Action

"静寂が凝結する"

— Silence becoming so deep it feels solid.

深い森の中で、静寂が凝結していた。

Poetic

"時間が凝結する"

— Time feeling as though it has stopped or become a solid block.

その瞬間、私の中で時間が凝結した。

Literary

"祈りが凝結する"

— Prayers becoming a tangible force or result.

人々の祈りが凝結して、奇跡が起きた。

Spiritual/Literary

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

凝結 vs 凝集 (Gyōshū)

Both start with 'Gyō' and involve gathering.

Gyōshū is aggregation or clumping of solid particles in a liquid (like blood cells). Gyōketsu is gas to liquid.

血液が凝集する。

凝結 vs 固化 (Koka)

Sounds like it could mean the same as solidification.

Koka is a general term for hardening. Gyōketsu is specifically a phase change from gas.

樹脂が固化する。

凝結 vs 液化 (Ekka)

Both mean turning into liquid.

Ekka is often used for industrial processes (LPG). Gyōketsu is more for natural/physical phenomena.

ガスの液化。

凝結 vs 昇華 (Shōka)

Related to phase changes.

Shōka is solid to gas (sublimation). Gyōketsu is gas to liquid.

ドライアイスの昇華。

凝結 vs 融解 (Yūkai)

Another phase change word.

Yūkai is solid to liquid (melting).

氷の融解。

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

[Substance] が凝結して [Result] になる。

水蒸気が凝結して水滴になる。

[Condition] と、凝結が起こる。

空気が冷えると、凝結が起こる。

[Noun] は [Process] による凝結現象である。

霧は放射冷却による凝結現象である。

凝結に伴い [Effect] が生じる。

凝結に伴い潜熱の放出が生じる。

[Object] を凝結核として [Subject] が形成される。

塵を凝結核として雲が形成される。

凝結を防止するために [Action] が必要だ。

凝結を防止するために断熱が必要だ。

[Abstract Concept] が [Place/Thing] に凝結している。

彼の情熱がこの作品に凝結している。

[Substance] の凝結点における挙動を分析する。

窒素の凝結点における挙動を分析する。

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

凝結 (Condensation)

凝結核 (Condensation nuclei)

凝結点 (Condensation point)

凝固 (Solidification)

凝縮 (Compression/Condensation)

فعل‌ها

凝結する (To condense)

凝固する (To solidify)

凝らす (To focus/freeze - e.g., 目を凝らす)

凝る (To be stiff/absorbed in)

صفت‌ها

凝った (Elaborate/stiff)

凝り固まった (Hardened/stubborn)

مرتبط

結露

気化

蒸発

液化

潜熱

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نحوه استفاده

frequency

Common in textbooks and news; rare in daily conversation.

اشتباهات رایج

Using 凝結 for window dew. → 結露 (ketsuro)
Japanese people never say 'window gyōketsu'. It sounds like the window is a scientific specimen.
Confusing 凝結 with 凝固 (freezing). → 凝固 (gyōko)
If you say 'water gyōketsu into ice', people will be confused. Gyōketsu is for turning into liquid.
Writing the kanji 疑 instead of 凝. → 凝
疑 means 'doubt'. 凝 has the ice radical. They look similar but have different meanings.
Using 凝結 for 'condensed milk'. → 濃縮 (nōshuku)
Condensed milk is thickened by evaporation/concentration, not by gas turning into liquid.
Using 凝結 as an i-adjective. → 凝結した (gyōketsu shita)
It is a noun/suru-verb, so you must use the 'shita' or 'suru' form to describe something.

نکات

Science vs. Daily Life

Always use 結露 (ketsuro) for windows and 凝結 (gyōketsu) for clouds or lab experiments. This is the #1 rule for this word.

The Suru-Verb Form

Remember that 凝結 can be a verb. '水蒸気が凝結する' is the most natural way to describe the action.

Radical Recognition

The 冫 (ice) radical on the left of 凝 is a huge hint. It tells you the word is related to cold or freezing.

Learn the Pair

Learn 凝結 (gas to liquid) and 凝固 (liquid to solid) together. They are the 'science pair' of phase changes.

Weather Keywords

When you hear 'housha reikyuu' (radiative cooling), expect to hear 'gyōketsu' or 'kiri' (fog) soon after.

The Knot Mnemonic

The 結 (ketsu) in gyōketsu means 'to tie.' Think of vapor being 'tied' into water droplets.

Professional Use

If you work in construction, use 'gyōketsu boushi' (condensation prevention) to sound professional in meetings.

Literary Flair

In a C2 essay, use 凝結 to describe a 'crystallization' of ideas to impress your readers.

Not for Clots

Don't use 凝結 for blood clots. Use 凝固 (gyōko) or 凝集 (gyōshū). Using gyōketsu for blood is scientifically inaccurate in modern Japanese.

Compound Power

Compounds like 凝結核 are more common in writing than the standalone verb 凝結する.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Imagine a 'GYO' (giant) 'KETSU' (kettle) where the steam 'condenses' back into water. Gyo-Ketsu!

تداعی تصویری

Picture a cloud (gas) being tied (結) together into a tight, frozen (凝) ball of water.

شبکه واژگان

Clouds Fog Steam Water Cycle Physics Cold Liquid Nuclei

چالش

Write a three-sentence explanation of how rain is formed using the words: 水蒸気 (suijōki), 凝結 (gyōketsu), and 雨 (ame).

ریشه کلمه

Composed of Sinitic roots (Kango). '凝' (gyō) stems from a root meaning water freezing or congealing. '結' (ketsu) stems from a root meaning to tie a knot or bring to a conclusion.

معنای اصلی: To congeal and tie together; to form a solid result from a fluid or ephemeral state.

Sino-Japanese (Kango).

بافت فرهنگی

No specific sensitivities; it is a neutral scientific term.

English speakers often use 'condensation' for both the science and the window dew. In Japanese, using the 'wrong' word (gyōketsu instead of ketsuro) sounds like you're reading a manual.

Tenki no Ko (Weathering With You) - Atmospheric phenomena like condensation are central themes. Japanese junior high school Rika (Science) curriculum. NHK Weather Reports.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

School Science Class

凝結の実験
水蒸気の変化
雲の作り方
温度を下げる

Weather Forecast

霧が発生する
放射冷却の影響
湿った空気
露点に達する

HVAC/Engineering

結露防止対策
配管内の凝結
除湿機能
断熱材の施工

Physics Research

相転移の観察
凝結熱の測定
飽和蒸気圧
凝結核の組成

Industrial Manufacturing

ガスの回収
冷却プロセスの最適化
凝結水の利用
圧力制御

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"雲ができる仕組みに「凝結」がどう関わっているか知っていますか？ (Do you know how 'gyōketsu' is involved in how clouds form?)"

"冬の窓の結露と、理科で習う凝結の違いは何でしょうか？ (What is the difference between window dew and the condensation learned in science?)"

"精密機器を扱う際、凝結を防ぐためにどんな対策をしていますか？ (When handling precision equipment, what measures do you take to prevent condensation?)"

"霧が発生する主な理由は、水蒸気の凝結によるものですよね。 (The main reason fog occurs is due to the condensation of water vapor, right?)"

"凝結熱が気象に与える影響について、興味はありますか？ (Are you interested in the impact that the heat of condensation has on the weather?)"

موضوعات نگارش

今日、身の回りで「凝結」という現象を見つけましたか？ (Did you find the phenomenon of 'gyōketsu' around you today?)

理科の授業で習った「凝結」の実験について思い出して書いてください。 (Write about a 'gyōketsu' experiment you remember from science class.)

もし「凝結」という言葉を比喩的に使うなら、どんな状況に使いますか？ (If you were to use 'gyōketsu' metaphorically, in what situation would you use it?)

地球温暖化が水蒸気の凝結サイクルにどのような影響を与えるか、あなたの考えを書いてください。 (Write your thoughts on how global warming affects the water vapor condensation cycle.)

工場のエンジニアになったつもりで、配管内の凝結を防ぐ報告書を書いてください。 (Pretend to be a factory engineer and write a report on preventing condensation inside pipes.)

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

No, while it is most commonly used for water vapor in meteorology, it can apply to any gas turning into a liquid or solid. For example, the condensation of nitrogen or oxygen in a lab setting is also called 凝結.

Technically, that is 凝結, but in daily conversation, you should say 'メガネが曇る' (megane ga kumoru). Using 凝結 would sound like you are giving a physics lecture.

It is a 'condensation nucleus.' It's a tiny particle like dust, salt, or smoke that gives water vapor a surface to cling to so it can turn into a droplet. Without these, clouds wouldn't form easily.

They are related. 凝結 is the scientific process name. 結露 is the specific word for that process happening on a surface (like a window). Use 結露 for housework and 凝結 for science.

It's 凝. It has 16 strokes. The left part is the 'ice' radical (冫), and the right part is 'Gyou' (疑 - doubt/stiff). It's quite complex!

No. For condensed milk, the word is '加糖練乳' (katō rennyū) or just 'コンデンスミルク'. The process of making it is '濃縮' (nōshuku - concentration), not 凝結.

Yes, especially when distilling liquids. When the vapor cools down and turns back into liquid in the condenser, that is 凝結.

The most direct opposite in a scientific context is 蒸発 (jōhatsu - evaporation) or 気化 (kika - vaporization).

Yes, it releases 'latent heat' (潜熱 - sen-netsu). This is why the air can sometimes feel slightly warmer when a lot of condensation happens, like during cloud formation.

It usually appears at the N2 or N1 level because of its technical nature and the complexity of the kanji.

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