宣伝 در ۳۰ ثانیه
- Senden means advertising or publicity in Japanese.
- It can be a noun or a verb (senden suru).
- It is used for products, events, and even political ideas.
- It differs from 'kōkoku' (the ad itself) by focusing on the act.
The Japanese term 宣伝 (Senden) is a multifaceted noun and suru-verb that primarily translates to 'publicity,' 'advertisement,' or 'promotion.' At its linguistic core, it combines two powerful kanji: 宣 (sen), meaning to proclaim, announce, or decree, and 伝 (den), meaning to transmit, report, or convey. Together, they describe the active process of spreading information to a wide audience with a specific intent—usually to influence opinion or behavior. In a commercial context, it refers to the strategic effort to make a product or service known to the public to stimulate sales. However, unlike the English word 'propaganda,' which often carries a heavy negative connotation of political manipulation, the Japanese senden is frequently used in a neutral or even positive sense within business and daily life.
- Core Nuance
- The act of 'spreading the word' or 'making something famous' through various media channels.
- Grammatical Function
- Functions as a noun (宣伝) or a transitive verb (宣伝する).
- Scope
- Covers everything from a small shop owner telling neighbors about a sale to a global corporation launching a multi-million dollar campaign.
新製品をテレビで宣伝することに決めた。 (We decided to advertise the new product on television.)
Historically, the term has evolved from its early use in religious or governmental proclamations to its modern dominance in the marketing industry. In the Edo period, precursors to modern senden included 'hikifuda' (flyers) and 'kamban' (elaborate shop signs). Today, it encompasses digital marketing, influencer collaborations, and traditional media. It is important to distinguish 宣伝 from 広告 (Kōkoku). While often used interchangeably, kōkoku specifically refers to the advertisement itself (the physical or digital artifact), whereas senden emphasizes the activity or the campaign of promoting something.
彼は自分の実力を過剰に宣伝している。 (He is over-promoting his own abilities.)
口コミでの宣伝効果は非常に高い。 (The publicity effect of word-of-mouth is extremely high.)
- Etymology
- 宣 (Proclaim) + 伝 (Transmit). Literally: To proclaim and transmit information.
SNSを利用してイベントを宣伝する。 (Promote the event using social media.)
この映画は宣伝費に多額の予算をかけている。 (This movie is spending a large budget on publicity costs.)
Using 宣伝 (Senden) correctly requires understanding its flexibility as both a noun and a verb. When used as a verb, it follows the noun + suru pattern. It is a transitive verb, meaning it takes a direct object followed by the particle を (o). For example, 'to advertise a product' is shōhin o senden suru. In business Japanese, it is frequently combined with other nouns to create compound terms that describe specific roles or costs within a marketing department.
- Common Compounds
- 宣伝費 (Senden-hi): Advertising/Publicity expenses
- 宣伝部 (Senden-bu): Publicity department
- 宣伝活動 (Senden-katsudō): Promotional activities
- 宣伝文句 (Senden-monku): Advertising slogan/catchphrase
When discussing the *effectiveness* of an advertisement, you use the phrase 宣伝効果 (senden kōka). If an advertisement is successful, you might say senden kōka ga aru (it has an advertising effect) or senden kōka ga takai (it has a high advertising effect). Conversely, if it fails, you use senden kōka ga nai. Another common usage is in the context of 'word of mouth,' known as 口コミ (kuchikomi). You will often hear kuchikomi de senden suru, which means to promote something through personal recommendations.
派手な宣伝に惑わされてはいけない。 (Don't be misled by flashy advertising.)
In formal settings, such as a corporate presentation, you might use the passive form 宣伝される (senden sareru) to describe how a product is being perceived or promoted by others. For example, sekaijū de senden sarete iru (it is being promoted all over the world). It is also worth noting that senden can be used figuratively. If someone is constantly talking about their achievements, a colleague might jokingly say they are doing jiko-senden (self-promotion). However, be careful with the tone; while senden is neutral, calling someone's words 'propaganda' in English is much harsher than calling them senden in Japanese.
You will encounter 宣伝 (Senden) in a wide variety of daily and professional environments in Japan. One of the most common places is in the business world, specifically within marketing and sales departments. During weekly meetings, managers might ask, 'Kono shōhin o dō yatte senden shimasu ka?' (How shall we promote this product?). In this context, it implies a strategic discussion about target audiences, media selection, and budget allocation.
In the public sphere, you will hear it during election seasons. Candidates drive around in 'election cars' (senkyo-kā) equipped with powerful speakers, shouting their names and policies. This is officially called 選挙宣伝 (senkyo senden). While it can be noisy, it is a staple of Japanese democratic culture. Similarly, in shopping districts like Ginza or Shibuya, you might see large trucks with LED screens and loud music driving around to promote a new music album or a mobile game; these are known as 宣伝トラック (senden torakku) or 'ad trucks.'
駅前で新製品の試供品を配って宣伝している。 (They are promoting the new product by giving out samples in front of the station.)
On social media platforms like X (Twitter), Instagram, and YouTube, the term is used by influencers and content creators. When a YouTuber mentions a product they were paid to show, they might include a disclaimer or mention that it is a senden. Fans also use the term when they try to help their favorite underground idols or artists gain more followers, often using hashtags like #senden or #sh拡散希望 (requesting a retweet for promotion). In this sense, senden is a community-driven act of support.
One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing 宣伝 (Senden) with 広告 (Kōkoku). While they are synonyms, they are not always interchangeable. Kōkoku is a noun that refers to the advertisement itself—the thing you see on a billboard or the 30-second video before a YouTube clip. Senden is the broader act of promotion. You 'do' senden, but you 'put out' a kōkoku. Saying 'Kōkoku o suru' is common, but 'Senden o dasu' (to put out a promotion) sounds slightly less natural than 'Kōkoku o dasu' (to put out an ad).
Another pitfall is the translation of 'Propaganda.' In English, propaganda almost always implies deception, brainwashing, or political manipulation. In Japanese, 宣伝 was historically used for political propaganda (and still is in academic contexts, like seiji-senden), but in everyday life, it is 90% related to commercial advertising. If you tell a Japanese friend, 'That movie's promotion was great,' using senden is perfect. But if you are talking about a government's misleading information, you might want to use プロパガンダ (puropaganda) or 情報操作 (jōhō sōsa - information manipulation) to ensure the negative nuance is understood.
Incorrect: 彼は嘘の宣伝を言った。 (He said a false promotion.)
Correct: 彼は虚偽の宣伝をした。 (He engaged in false advertising.)
A third mistake involves the particle usage. Since senden suru is a transitive verb, it must take を (o). Learners sometimes use ni because they think of 'promoting *to* someone.' However, the target audience is usually indicated with ni mukete (towards) or ni taishite (against/towards). For example: Wakamono ni mukete shōhin o senden suru (Promote the product towards young people).
To truly master 宣伝 (Senden), you must understand its place within a cluster of related Japanese terms. Each has a specific flavor and context. The most direct relative is 広告 (Kōkoku). As mentioned, kōkoku is the 'advertisement' (the medium), while senden is the 'advertising' (the activity). If you see a flyer, that is a kōkoku. The act of handing it out is senden.
- 広報 (Kōhō)
- Public Relations / Public Information. This is used for official announcements from a company or government body. It focuses on building a relationship with the public rather than just selling a product. A 'Kōhō-bu' is a PR department.
- 普及 (Fukyu)
- Diffusion / Spread. This is used when a product or idea becomes widely used or accepted. While senden is the *effort* to spread it, fukyu is the *result* of it becoming common.
- PR (Pī-āru)
- Borrowed from English. In Japan, 'PR' is often used as a verb (PRする) to mean 'to promote' or 'to appeal.' It is very common in job interviews when candidates are asked to 'Self-PR' (promote their strengths).
Another related term is 勧誘 (Kanyū), which means solicitation or invitation. This is more personal and direct, such as someone trying to get you to join a club or sign up for a credit card on the street. While senden is broadcasting to many, kanyū is often one-on-one. Finally, there is 啓蒙 (Keimō), which means enlightenment or public awareness. This is used for educational campaigns, like 'promoting' awareness about environmental issues or health screenings. It carries a more serious, educational tone than the commercial senden.
「宣伝」は売るため、「広報」は信頼のため。 (Senden is for selling; Kōhō is for trust.)
چقدر رسمی است؟
سطح دشواری
گرامر لازم
~を~にする (to make something into...)
~による (due to/by means of)
~に向けて (towards/aimed at)
~おかげで (thanks to)
~すぎ (too much)
مثالها بر اساس سطح
これは宣伝です。
This is an advertisement.
Noun + desu.
テレビで宣伝を見ました。
I saw the ad on TV.
Object marker 'o' + verb 'mimashita'.
お店を宣伝します。
I will promote the shop.
Noun + o + suru verb.
宣伝は面白いです。
The ads are interesting.
Subject marker 'wa' + adjective.
この宣伝はきれいです。
This ad is beautiful.
Kono + noun + wa + adjective.
宣伝をしてください。
Please promote it.
Te-form for request.
新しい宣伝ですね。
It's a new ad, isn't it?
Adjective + noun + sentence ending particle 'ne'.
宣伝が好きです。
I like advertisements.
Noun + ga + suki.
有名な人がこの商品を宣伝している。
A famous person is promoting this product.
Te-iru form for ongoing action.
駅で新しいゲームの宣伝を見た。
I saw an ad for a new game at the station.
Past tense 'mita'.
あまり宣伝をしないでください。
Please don't promote it too much.
Nai-de kudasai for negative request.
この映画の宣伝はどこにありますか？
Where is the advertisement for this movie?
Question word 'doko'.
友達のイベントを宣伝してあげた。
I promoted my friend's event (for them).
Te-ageru for doing a favor.
宣伝のおかげで、客が増えた。
Thanks to the publicity, the customers increased.
No okage de (thanks to).
YouTubeの宣伝は長すぎます。
YouTube ads are too long.
Sugiru (too much).
宣伝ポスターを貼りました。
I put up a promotional poster.
Compound noun 'senden posutā'.
SNSを使って、効率的に宣伝する。
Promote efficiently using social media.
Te-form for method/means.
宣伝費を削る必要があります。
We need to cut advertising expenses.
Hitsuyō ga aru (need to).
口コミによる宣伝が一番効果的だ。
Publicity via word-of-mouth is the most effective.
Ni yoru (by means of).
この会社は宣伝が上手ですね。
This company is good at advertising, aren't they?
Ga jōzu (be good at).
新製品の宣伝文句を考えている。
I'm thinking of a catchphrase for the new product.
Senden-monku (catchphrase).
宣伝活動を強化することにしました。
We decided to strengthen our promotional activities.
Koto ni suru (decide to).
派手な宣伝に騙されないでください。
Please don't be fooled by flashy advertising.
Passive form 'damasarenai'.
宣伝効果を測定するのは難しい。
It is difficult to measure the effectiveness of publicity.
No wa muzukashii (nominalization).
誇大宣伝は法律で禁止されている。
Exaggerated advertising is prohibited by law.
Kodai-senden (exaggerated ad).
宣伝部長に就任したばかりです。
I have just been appointed as the head of publicity.
Bakari (just finished).
ターゲット層を絞って宣伝を行う。
Carry out promotion by narrowing down the target audience.
Te-form + okonau (formal carry out).
このCMは、宣伝というより芸術だ。
This commercial is more like art than advertising.
To iu yori (rather than).
宣伝不足のため、売上が伸びなかった。
Due to a lack of promotion, sales did not grow.
No tame (due to/reason).
彼は自分の手柄を宣伝して回っている。
He is going around bragging about his own achievements.
Te-mawaru (go around doing).
ネット上の宣伝は、時に煩わしい。
Online advertisements are sometimes annoying.
Toki ni (sometimes).
宣伝媒体としてラジオを選択した。
We chose radio as the advertising medium.
To shite (as/in the capacity of).
宣伝と広報の境界線は曖昧になりつつある。
The boundary between advertising and PR is becoming blurred.
Tsutsu aru (in the process of).
政治的宣伝に利用されないよう注意が必要だ。
Caution is needed so as not to be used for political propaganda.
Yō ni (so that).
宣伝費の投資対効果を厳密に分析する。
Strictly analyze the ROI (Return on Investment) of advertising costs.
Tōshi-tai-kōka (ROI).
その企業は、巧みな宣伝戦略で市場を独占した。
The company monopolized the market with a skillful advertising strategy.
Takumi na (skillful).
サブリミナル的な宣伝手法は倫理的に問題がある。
Subliminal advertising methods are ethically problematic.
Teki na (adjectival suffix).
宣伝のあり方が、デジタル化によって劇的に変化した。
The nature of advertising has changed dramatically due to digitalization.
No ari-kata (the way things should be/nature of).
ブランドイメージを損なわない宣伝を心掛ける。
Aim for promotion that does not damage the brand image.
Kokoro-gakeru (to keep in mind).
宣伝文句の背後にある意図を読み解く。
Decipher the intention behind the advertising slogans.
Yomi-toku (to decipher).
大衆心理を掌握するための高度な宣伝技術。
Advanced publicity techniques for grasping mass psychology.
Shōyaku (grasp/command).
宣伝が文化の画一化を助長しているという批判がある。
There is criticism that advertising encourages the homogenization of culture.
Jochō suru (to encourage/exacerbate).
虚飾に満ちた宣伝は、長期的には信頼を失墜させる。
Advertising full of ostentation will, in the long run, cause a loss of trust.
Shissui saseru (to cause to lose).
宣伝のパラダイムシフトが、消費者の購買行動を再定義した。
A paradigm shift in advertising has redefined consumer purchasing behavior.
Sa-teigi (redefinition).
国家的な宣伝工作が、世論の形成に多大な影響を及ぼした。
National propaganda maneuvers exerted a massive influence on the formation of public opinion.
Oyobosu (to exert/cause).
宣伝という行為自体が持つ、言説としての力能を考察する。
Consider the power of the act of advertising itself as a discourse.
Rinō (power/function).
ステルスマーケティングは、宣伝の透明性を著しく損なう。
Stealth marketing significantly impairs the transparency of advertising.
Ichijirushiku (significantly).
宣伝の氾濫は、情報の非対称性を解消するどころか増幅させている。
The flood of advertising, far from resolving information asymmetry, is amplifying it.
Dokoro ka (far from).
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
اصطلاحات و عبارات
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Kōkoku is the object (the ad); Senden is the action (advertising).
Kōhō is PR/Information; Senden is sales-focused promotion.
Fukyū is the state of being widespread; Senden is the effort to make it so.
Kanyū is direct solicitation (1-on-1); Senden is broadcasting.
Keimō is educational/enlightenment; Senden is commercial/promotional.
الگوهای جملهسازی
خانواده کلمه
مرتبط
نحوه استفاده
Used for campaigning, but 'puropaganda' is used for the negative sense.
Used for spreading faith (though 'fukyō' is more specific).
Primary use in modern Japan.
- Confusing 宣伝 (action) with 広告 (object).
- Using 'ni' instead of 'o' for the object of promotion.
- Using 'senden' for 'PR' in a formal corporate communications context.
- Assuming 'senden' always means 'propaganda' in a negative sense.
- Mispronouncing it as 'sengen' (declaration).
نکات
Verb Usage
Always use 'o' with 'senden suru' when you have a direct object.
Corporate PR
Use '広報' (Kōhō) when talking about official company news.
Social Media
On SNS, 'senden' is often used with hashtags for self-promotion.
Election Noise
Don't be surprised by 'senkyo-senden' trucks; they are a Japanese tradition.
Compound Words
Learn 'senden-hi' (cost) and 'senden-kōka' (effect) together.
Propaganda
If you mean 'brainwashing,' use 'sen-no' or 'puropaganda' instead of 'senden'.
Catchphrases
Use '宣伝文句' when discussing the text of an advertisement.
TV Ads
Japanese TV commercials are often called 'CM' (shī-emu), but the act is 'senden'.
Passive Form
Use 'senden sarete iru' to say something is 'well-known' due to ads.
JLPT Tip
This word appears often in reading passages about business or society.
حفظ کنید
ریشه کلمه
Sino-Japanese (Kango)
بافت فرهنگی
Modern LED trucks in Shibuya/Shinjuku.
Traditional musical promoters.
Loudspeaker trucks for elections.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"最近、面白い宣伝を見ましたか？ (Have you seen any interesting ads lately?)"
"SNSでの宣伝についてどう思いますか？ (What do you think about advertising on SNS?)"
"あなたの国ではどんな宣伝が一般的ですか？ (What kind of advertising is common in your country?)"
"宣伝に騙されたことはありますか？ (Have you ever been fooled by an ad?)"
"自分を宣伝するのは得意ですか？ (Are you good at promoting yourself?)"
موضوعات نگارش
Write about a TV commercial that you still remember today.
Discuss the pros and cons of social media influencers doing 'senden'.
How would you promote your favorite hobby to a stranger?
Describe the most annoying 'senden' you encounter in your daily life.
If you had an unlimited budget, how would you 'senden' a charity?
سوالات متداول
10 سوالUsually it is neutral or positive in business, but '誇大宣伝' (exaggerated advertising) is negative.
Yes, '自己宣伝' means self-promotion, but use it sparingly.
In Japan, 'PR' is often used for self-promotion or short appeals, while 'senden' is broader.
It is '広告代理店' (kōkoku dairiten), rarely 'senden dairiten'.
Yes, to describe wartime propaganda (戦時宣伝).
Yes, it is primarily a noun that can become a verb with 'suru'.
Yes, it means 'to see an advertisement/publicity'.
It is the Publicity or Advertising Department in a company.
No, but 'senden-monku' (slogans) are often taken with a grain of salt.
Yes, it is a standard N3 vocabulary word.
خودت رو بسنج 180 سوال
/ 180 درست
نمره کامل!
Summary
宣伝 (Senden) is the essential Japanese word for the 'act of promotion.' Whether you are marketing a product, an event, or yourself, this term covers the process of spreading information to influence others.
- Senden means advertising or publicity in Japanese.
- It can be a noun or a verb (senden suru).
- It is used for products, events, and even political ideas.
- It differs from 'kōkoku' (the ad itself) by focusing on the act.
Verb Usage
Always use 'o' with 'senden suru' when you have a direct object.
Corporate PR
Use '広報' (Kōhō) when talking about official company news.
Social Media
On SNS, 'senden' is often used with hashtags for self-promotion.
Election Noise
Don't be surprised by 'senkyo-senden' trucks; they are a Japanese tradition.
مثال
新商品の宣伝をテレビで行います。
محتوای مرتبط
واژههای بیشتر business
遅めに
B1کمی دیرتر یا دیرتر از حد معمول.
経理
B1حسابداری به معنای مدیریت سوابق مالی یک شرکت است.
的確な
B1یک تحلیل دقیق و درست از شرایط.
達成する
B1دستیابی به یک هدف یا انجام یک کار برنامه ریزی شده. رسیدن به موفقیت پس از تلاش است.
活性化
B2فعال کردن یا جان بخشیدن به چیزی، مانند اقتصاد یا یک جامعه محلی.
付加
B2اضافه کردن یا پیوست کردن چیزی اضافی به یک چیز موجود برای افزایش ارزش یا عملکرد آن. 'یک ویژگی جدید به برنامه اضافه شده است.'
優位性
B2برتری (優位性) به معنای داشتن مزیت یا قرار گرفتن در موقعیت بهتر نسبت به دیگران است. یک شرکت میتواند به دلیل فناوری نوآورانه، برتری رقابتی (優位性) داشته باشد. ورزشکاران برای پیروزی در رقابت، به دنبال برتری فیزیکی (優位性) هستند.
有利
A2به معنای قرار داشتن در موقعیت سودمند یا مطلوب است.
有利に
B1به طور سودمند؛ به نفع خود.
宣伝する
B1تبلیغ کردن یا عمومی کردن چیزی برای جلب توجه مردم.
