A0 Sentence Structure 1 min read آسان

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

In Khmer, adjectives act like verbs, so you don't need a 'to be' verb like 'is' or 'are'.

  • No 'to be' verb: Just place the adjective directly after the subject. (Example: ខ្ញុំស្អាត - I am beautiful)
  • Negation: Add 'មិន' before and 'ទេ' after the adjective. (Example: ខ្ញុំមិនស្អាតទេ - I am not beautiful)
  • Questions: Add 'ឬ' at the end of the sentence. (Example: ស្អាតឬ? - Is it beautiful?)
Subject + Adjective

Meanings

Khmer uses adjectives as stative verbs, meaning they function as the predicate without a copula.

1

Basic Description

Describing the state or quality of a subject.

“គាត់ខ្ពស់។”

“ផ្ទះនេះធំ។”

Basic Adjective Patterns

Type Structure Example Meaning
Affirmative Subject + Adj ខ្ញុំល្អ I am good
Negative Subj + មិន + Adj + ទេ ខ្ញុំមិនល្អទេ I am not good
Question Subj + Adj + ឬ? ល្អឬ? Is it good?
Intensified Subj + Adj + ណាស់ ល្អណាស់ Very good
Comparative Subj + Adj + ជាង ល្អជាង Better
Superlative Subj + Adj + ជាងគេ ល្អជាងគេ Best

Reference Table

Reference table for Subject-Adjective Sentences
Form Structure Example
Affirmative Subject + Adjective គាត់ស្អាត
Negative Subject + មិន + Adjective + ទេ គាត់មិនស្អាតទេ
Question Subject + Adjective + ឬ? គាត់ស្អាតឬ?
Confirmation Subject + Adjective + មែនទេ? គាត់ស្អាតមែនទេ?
Intensified Subject + Adjective + ណាស់ គាត់ស្អាតណាស់
Comparative Subject + Adjective + ជាង គាត់ស្អាតជាង
Superlative Subject + Adjective + ជាងគេ គាត់ស្អាតជាងគេ

طیف رسمیت

رسمی
ម្ហូបនេះមានរសជាតិឆ្ងាញ់។

ម្ហូបនេះមានរសជាតិឆ្ងាញ់។ (Dining)

خنثی
ម្ហូបនេះឆ្ងាញ់។

ម្ហូបនេះឆ្ងាញ់។ (Dining)

غیر رسمی
ម្ហូបនេះឆ្ងាញ់ណាស់!

ម្ហូបនេះឆ្ងាញ់ណាស់! (Dining)

عامیانه
ម្ហូបនេះអេម!

ម្ហូបនេះអេម! (Dining)

Adjective Predicate Map

Adjective

Positive

  • ល្អ good

Negative

  • មិនល្អទេ not good

Question

  • ល្អឬ? is it good?

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

ខ្ញុំសប្បាយ។

I am happy.

2

ផ្ទះនេះធំ។

This house is big.

3

គាត់មិនខ្ពស់ទេ។

He is not tall.

4

អាហារនេះឆ្ងាញ់។

This food is delicious.

1

ថ្ងៃនេះក្តៅណាស់។

Today is very hot.

2

សៀវភៅនេះល្អឬ?

Is this book good?

3

គាត់មិនមែនជាគ្រូទេ។

He is not a teacher.

4

ឡាននោះលឿន។

That car is fast.

1

ការងារនេះពិបាកជាងការងារមុន។

This job is harder than the previous one.

2

ខ្ញុំមិនសូវស្រួលខ្លួនទេ។

I don't feel very well.

3

វាពិតជាអស្ចារ្យណាស់។

It is truly amazing.

4

តើអ្នកគិតថាវាស្អាតដែរឬទេ?

Do you think it is beautiful?

1

បញ្ហានេះហាក់ដូចជាស្មុគស្មាញ។

This problem seems complicated.

2

ទោះបីជាវាពិបាក ក៏ខ្ញុំនៅតែចូលចិត្តដែរ។

Even though it is difficult, I still like it.

3

វាមានសារៈសំខាន់ណាស់សម្រាប់យើង។

It is very important for us.

4

អ្វីៗគ្រប់យ៉ាងនឹងប្រសើរឡើង។

Everything will get better.

1

ការសម្រេចចិត្តនេះគឺមានភាពចម្រូងចម្រាស។

This decision is controversial.

2

វាជាការចាំបាច់ដែលយើងត្រូវធ្វើបែបនេះ។

It is necessary that we do this.

3

ទិដ្ឋភាពនេះពិតជាគួរឱ្យចាប់អារម្មណ៍។

This view is truly interesting.

4

ស្ថានភាពនេះហាក់ដូចជាមិនច្បាស់លាស់។

This situation seems unclear.

1

ទង្វើរបស់គាត់គឺពិតជាគួរឱ្យស្ញប់ស្ញែង។

His actions are truly admirable.

2

វាជាការមិនសមហេតុផលទាល់តែសោះ។

It is completely irrational.

3

ភាពស្ងប់ស្ងាត់នេះគឺមានអត្ថន័យជ្រាលជ្រៅ។

This silence has profound meaning.

4

វាជាការលំបាកក្នុងការកំណត់ឱ្យបានច្បាស់។

It is difficult to define clearly.

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

Subject-Adjective Sentences در مقابل Adjective vs. Noun Equivalence

Learners use 'kue' for adjectives.

Subject-Adjective Sentences در مقابل Negation Particles

Forgetting 'te' at the end.

Subject-Adjective Sentences در مقابل Question Particles

Mixing 'ru' and 'te'.

اشتباهات رایج

ខ្ញុំគឺស្អាត

ខ្ញុំស្អាត

Do not use 'គឺ' with adjectives.

ខ្ញុំមិនស្អាត

ខ្ញុំមិនស្អាតទេ

Missing the 'ទេ' particle.

ស្អាតខ្ញុំ

ខ្ញុំស្អាត

Wrong word order.

ខ្ញុំមានស្អាត

ខ្ញុំស្អាត

Using 'mean' (to have) incorrectly.

គាត់ស្អាតឬទេ?

គាត់ស្អាតឬ?

Redundant question particles.

វាគឺក្តៅ

វា(គឺ)ក្តៅ

Still using 'kue' with weather adjectives.

ខ្ញុំមិនមែនល្អទេ

ខ្ញុំមិនល្អទេ

Using 'min-men' (not really) instead of 'min' (not).

គាត់ស្អាតជាងខ្ញុំស្អាត

គាត់ស្អាតជាងខ្ញុំ

Repeating the adjective in comparisons.

វាគឺជារឿងល្អ

វាជារឿងល្អ

Using 'kue' when 'chea' is required for nouns.

ខ្ញុំមិនសូវជាល្អទេ

ខ្ញុំមិនសូវល្អទេ

Excessive particles.

វាគឺមានភាពស្អាត

វាស្អាត

Over-nominalizing adjectives.

គាត់គឺមានភាពល្បីល្បាញ

គាត់ល្បីល្បាញ

Using 'mean-pheap' unnecessarily.

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

___ នេះ ___ ណាស់។

ខ្ញុំមិន ___ ទេ ។

តើ ___ ___ ឬ?

___ នេះ ___ ជាង ___ នោះ។

Real World Usage

Texting constant

ក្តៅណាស់!

Ordering Food very common

ម្ហូបនេះឆ្ងាញ់។

Job Interview common

ខ្ញុំមានភាពវៃឆ្លាត។

Travel common

កន្លែងនេះស្អាតណាស់។

Social Media constant

ស្អាតខ្លាំងណាស់!

Food Delivery App common

ឆ្ងាញ់!

💡

Drop the subject

If the subject is obvious, you can drop it entirely to sound more natural.
⚠️

Avoid 'kue'

Never use 'kue' before an adjective. It is a common trap for learners.
🎯

Use 'nas'

Adding 'nas' (very) makes your sentences sound much more native.
💬

Be polite

When talking to elders, add respectful titles before the subject.

Smart Tips

Always put the adjective after the noun.

ស្អាតផ្ទះ ផ្ទះស្អាត

Don't forget the 'te' at the end.

ខ្ញុំមិនល្អ ខ្ញុំមិនល្អទេ

Use 'ru' for simple yes/no questions.

គាត់ឆ្លាត? គាត់ឆ្លាតឬ?

Use 'nas' for 'very'.

វាល្អ វាល្អណាស់

تلفظ

teh

Final Particle 'ទេ'

The 'te' is often pronounced very softly or clipped in fast speech.

Question Intonation

Subject + Adjective + ឬ↗

Rising pitch at the end indicates a question.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of Khmer adjectives as 'sticky'—they stick right to the subject without needing a middleman like 'is'.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a person standing next to a giant sign that says their quality (e.g., 'Tall'). No bridge needed, just them and the sign.

Rhyme

No 'is' or 'are' in the Khmer land, just put the adjective right at hand.

Story

Sok is a happy man. He doesn't need a helper verb to show his joy. He just says 'Sok happy'. If he is sad, he says 'Sok not happy'. It is the simplest way to speak.

شبکه واژگان

ល្អ (good)អាក្រក់ (bad)ធំ (big)តូច (small)ស្អាត (beautiful)ហត់ (tired)

چالش

Describe 5 things in your room using the Subject + Adjective pattern in 5 minutes.

نکات فرهنگی

In Khmer culture, being direct with adjectives is common, but when describing elders, it is polite to add honorifics.

Khmer is an Austroasiatic language where adjectives are inherently stative verbs.

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

ថ្ងៃនេះអាកាសធាតុយ៉ាងណាដែរ?

តើម្ហូបនេះឆ្ងាញ់ទេ?

តើការងាររបស់អ្នកពិបាកទេ?

តើអ្នកគិតថាខ្សែភាពយន្តនេះល្អឬទេ?

موضوعات نگارش

Describe your best friend.
Describe your favorite city.
Describe a difficult challenge you faced.
Describe your ideal workplace.

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank.

ខ្ញុំ ___ (happy).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: សប្បាយ
Direct adjective usage.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

គាត់គឺខ្ពស់។

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: គាត់ខ្ពស់
Remove 'kue'.
Choose the correct negative form. چند گزینه‌ای

I am not tired.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ខ្ញុំមិនហត់ទេ
Need both 'min' and 'te'.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

Arrange the words in the correct order:

All words placed

Click words above to build the sentence

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ផ្ទះនេះស្អាត
Subject + Adjective.
Translate to Khmer. ترجمه

The food is delicious.

Answer starts with: ម្ហ...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ម្ហូបនេះឆ្ងាញ់
Direct adjective.
Match the adjective to its meaning. جفت کردن

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Big
Vocabulary check.
Build a question. Sentence Building

Is he tall?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: គាត់ខ្ពស់ឬ?
Question particle 'ru'.
Choose the best intensifier. چند گزینه‌ای

It is very hot.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ក្តៅណាស់
Use 'nas' for very.

Score: /8

تمرین‌های عملی

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

ខ្ញុំ ___ (happy).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: សប្បាយ
Direct adjective usage.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

គាត់គឺខ្ពស់។

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: គាត់ខ្ពស់
Remove 'kue'.
Choose the correct negative form. چند گزینه‌ای

I am not tired.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ខ្ញុំមិនហត់ទេ
Need both 'min' and 'te'.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

ស្អាត / នេះ / ផ្ទះ

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ផ្ទះនេះស្អាត
Subject + Adjective.
Translate to Khmer. ترجمه

The food is delicious.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ម្ហូបនេះឆ្ងាញ់
Direct adjective.
Match the adjective to its meaning. جفت کردن

ធំ

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Big
Vocabulary check.
Build a question. Sentence Building

Is he tall?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: គាត់ខ្ពស់ឬ?
Question particle 'ru'.
Choose the best intensifier. چند گزینه‌ای

It is very hot.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ក្តៅណាស់
Use 'nas' for very.

Score: /8

سوالات متداول (8)

No, Khmer adjectives do not change based on the subject or tense.

There is no direct translation for 'is' when describing qualities.

Use `មិន` + Adjective + `ទេ`.

No, `គឺ` is only for noun-to-noun equations.

Add `ឬ` at the end of the sentence.

Yes, if the context is clear, you can just say the adjective.

No, Khmer adjectives are gender-neutral.

Add `ណាស់` after the adjective.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

English low

Subject + be + Adjective

No 'to be' verb in Khmer.

Japanese partial

Subject + wa + Adjective + desu

Khmer adjectives are verbs.

Chinese moderate

Subject + hen + Adjective

Khmer doesn't need a filler.

French low

Subject + être + Adjective

No conjugation in Khmer.

German low

Subject + sein + Adjective

No conjugation in Khmer.

Arabic high

Nominal sentence (Subject + Adjective)

Khmer is even simpler as it lacks gender/number agreement.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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