You are a beginner! This word is a bit hard for now. Think of it like saying 'by' or 'because of' in a very serious way. You will see it in books later.
At this level, you can recognize it in news. It means 'by' someone. For example, 'The house was built by the man.' In Korean, you put this after the man.
You are starting to write more. Use this when you write reports. It makes your writing sound smart and official. It is better than using simple words like 'so' or 'because'.
Now you can use it to talk about passive voice. It is great for describing how things are done in business. Remember, it is formal, so don't use it at a party!
At the advanced level, you use this to link complex ideas. It helps in academic writing to define the 'agent' of a process. It is a key tool for precision in formal Korean prose.
Mastery means knowing exactly when to use ~에 의하여 versus ~에 따라. You understand the nuance of agency and causality in legal and literary texts. It is the hallmark of a fluent, professional writer.
~에 의하여 در ۳۰ ثانیه
- It is a formal particle meaning 'by' or 'due to'.
- Used primarily in writing, reports, and legal documents.
- Points to the agent or cause of an action.
- Pairs with passive verbs for professional tone.
Think of ~에 의하여 as the formal cousin of the everyday particle ~에 의해. It is used to point out the 'agent'—the person or thing doing the action—or the 'cause' behind a situation. It sounds very professional and is a staple in Korean writing.
When you use this, you are telling your listener, 'This event happened because of this specific factor.' It is much more common in news reports or academic papers than in casual chats with friends. Using it correctly shows you have a high level of control over formal Korean structure.
The phrase is derived from the verb 의하다 (to be due to/to be based on). In Middle Korean, the root 의 implies relying or depending on something. Over centuries, this evolved into a standard grammatical tool for linking causes to their effects.
Historically, as Korean became more standardized for administrative purposes, the need for precise causal markers grew. ~에 의하여 became the preferred choice for official government documents, ensuring that the 'who' or 'what' of an action was perfectly clear to all readers.
You will mostly see this in written contexts. It pairs perfectly with passive verbs or nouns that describe events. For example, 'The decision was made by the committee' uses this particle to highlight the committee's role.
While you might hear it in a formal broadcast, you would rarely use it when ordering coffee or talking to a sibling. If you want to sound more casual, you would switch to ~때문에 or ~에 의해. Always remember: keep it formal!
While it is a particle, it appears in set phrases. 1. ~에 의하여 결정되다 (to be decided by). 2. ~에 의하여 수행되다 (to be carried out by). 3. ~에 의하여 야기되다 (to be caused by). 4. ~에 의하여 증명되다 (to be proven by). 5. ~에 의하여 정의되다 (to be defined by).
These phrases are essential for writing essays or business reports where you need to cite sources or explain the logic behind a conclusion.
Grammatically, it always follows a noun. It does not change based on the noun's ending. It acts as a postpositional particle, similar to 'by' or 'due to' in English.
Pronunciation can be tricky because of the 의 sound. In standard speech, it sounds like 'e-ui-ha-yeo', but many native speakers simplify the 의 to an 'e' sound in fast speech. Practice saying it clearly in a formal tone to master the rhythm.
نکته جالب
It is a Sino-Korean root word.
راهنمای تلفظ
- Pronouncing 의 as 'i'
- Dropping the 'h' sound
- Merging with previous word
سطح دشواری
Common in formal text.
Requires formal tone.
Rarely used in speech.
Common in news.
بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟
پیشنیازها
بعداً یاد بگیرید
پیشرفته
گرامر لازم
Passive Voice
만들어지다
Causative Particles
~때문에
Formal Writing Style
하십시오체
مثالها بر اساس سطح
그것은 그에 의하여 만들어졌다.
That / him / by / was made.
Passive voice marker.
규정에 의하여 진행합니다.
법에 의하여 처벌받습니다.
그녀에 의하여 시작되었습니다.
조사에 의하여 밝혀졌습니다.
계획에 의하여 움직입니다.
투표에 의하여 결정됩니다.
전문가에 의하여 작성됨.
지침에 의하여 수행됩니다.
모든 것은 규칙에 의하여 관리된다.
그 결과는 데이터에 의하여 증명되었다.
위원회에 의하여 승인된 안건입니다.
그의 노력에 의하여 성공했습니다.
자연의 섭리에 의하여 일어난 일이다.
계약에 의하여 보장되는 권리입니다.
사고는 부주의에 의하여 발생했다.
전통에 의하여 전해져 내려옵니다.
이 연구는 과학적 근거에 의하여 뒷받침된다.
민주적 절차에 의하여 선출된 대표.
법률에 의하여 엄격히 금지된 행위.
그의 행동은 본능에 의하여 지배된다.
이 프로젝트는 팀워크에 의하여 완성되었다.
표준화된 절차에 의하여 처리됩니다.
관습에 의하여 유지되어 온 문화.
상황에 의하여 강요된 선택이었다.
본 문서는 관련 법령에 의하여 작성되었습니다.
그의 철학은 경험에 의하여 형성되었다.
시장 원리에 의하여 가격이 결정된다.
역사는 승자에 의하여 기록된다는 말이 있다.
이 현상은 물리 법칙에 의하여 설명 가능하다.
정부의 방침에 의하여 변경될 수 있습니다.
그 결정은 다수결에 의하여 이루어졌다.
예술은 시대 정신에 의하여 변화한다.
본 계약은 대한민국 법률에 의하여 해석된다.
그의 운명은 우연에 의하여 결정된 것이 아니다.
사회적 합의에 의하여 도출된 결론입니다.
그 기계는 정밀한 계산에 의하여 설계되었다.
그의 명성은 업적에 의하여 입증되었다.
모든 사건은 인과 관계에 의하여 설명된다.
그는 원칙에 의하여 움직이는 사람이다.
이 작품은 작가의 고뇌에 의하여 탄생했다.
ترکیبهای رایج
اصطلاحات و عبارات
"승자에 의하여"
By the winner
역사는 승자에 의하여 쓰인다.
literary"법의 이름에 의하여"
In the name of the law
법의 이름에 의하여 체포한다.
formal"자연의 섭리에 의하여"
By the laws of nature
모든 것은 자연의 섭리에 의하여 돌아간다.
literary"다수결에 의하여"
By majority vote
다수결에 의하여 안건이 통과되었다.
formal"상식에 의하여"
By common sense
상식에 의하여 판단해야 한다.
neutralبهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Both are formal particles.
~에 따라 means 'according to', while ~에 의하여 means 'by'.
법에 따라 (according to law) vs 법에 의하여 (by law).
Both show cause.
~때문에 is casual/neutral, ~에 의하여 is formal.
비 때문에 (because of rain) vs 사고에 의하여 (caused by accident).
Both are formal.
~으로 인해 is more about the result of a cause.
사고로 인해 (due to accident).
Almost identical.
~에 의하여 is the written, formal version.
둘 다 사용 가능하지만 격식이 다름.
الگوهای جملهسازی
Noun + 에 의하여 + Passive Verb
결정은 위원회에 의하여 내려졌다.
Noun + 에 의하여 + Noun
법에 의하여 보호받는 권리.
Subject + Noun + 에 의하여 + Verb
그는 자신의 노력에 의하여 성공했다.
Passive Verb + Noun + 에 의하여
이것은 지침에 의하여 작성되었다.
Noun + 에 의하여 + 야기되다
이 문제는 부주의에 의하여 야기되었다.
خانواده کلمه
اسمها
فعلها
صفتها
مرتبط
نحوه استفاده
8
-
Using in casual speech
→
Use ~때문에
It sounds too stiff for chatting.
-
Misspelling as ~에 의해서
→
~에 의하여
Grammatically different forms.
-
Using for personal feelings
→
Use ~덕분에
It is for objective agents.
-
Overusing in one sentence
→
Vary your particles
Repetitive writing is bad.
-
Confusing with ~에 따라
→
Check context
One is cause, one is conformity.
نکات
Memory Palace
Imagine a judge's gavel hitting the table.
Native Speakers
Use it when writing reports.
Cultural Insight
It reflects Korean respect for formal structure.
Grammar Shortcut
Follows passive verbs.
Say It Right
Practice the 'ui' sound.
Don't Make This Mistake
Don't use it in casual text messages.
Did You Know?
It is a standard marker in legal codes.
Study Smart
Read news headlines to see it in action.
Writing Tip
Use it to cite your sources.
Word Power
Pair it with '결정' or '증명'.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Think of 'E-ui-ha-yeo' as 'A-we-hire' (a person hired to do the job).
تداعی تصویری
A judge holding a gavel.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Write one formal sentence today.
ریشه کلمه
Korean
معنای اصلی: To rely or depend on
بافت فرهنگی
None, it is a neutral grammatical term.
Similar to 'by' in passive constructions.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
At work
- 규정에 의하여 진행합니다
- 절차에 의하여 처리합니다
- 지침에 의하여 작성했습니다
At school
- 연구 결과에 의하여 증명됨
- 이론에 의하여 설명됨
- 기준에 의하여 평가됨
Legal/Official
- 법률에 의하여 금지됨
- 계약에 의하여 보장됨
- 조사에 의하여 밝혀짐
News/Media
- 투표에 의하여 결정됨
- 다수결에 의하여 통과됨
- 전문가에 의하여 분석됨
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"법에 의하여 결정된 일에 대해 어떻게 생각하세요?"
"전문가에 의하여 작성된 보고서를 읽어본 적 있나요?"
"어떤 일이 노력에 의하여 성공했던 경험이 있나요?"
"규정에 의하여 모든 일을 처리하는 것이 좋다고 생각하세요?"
"역사는 승자에 의하여 기록된다는 말에 동의하시나요?"
موضوعات نگارش
Write about a rule in your country that is enforced by law.
Describe a project that was completed by a team.
Explain a scientific fact that was proven by research.
Reflect on a decision made by your school or workplace.
سوالات متداول
8 سوالNo, it is too formal.
They are very similar, but ~에 의하여 is slightly more formal.
No, it is a particle.
Yes, usually nouns describing agents or causes.
No.
Rarely, unless it is a very serious song.
Only in very formal business emails.
After the noun phrase.
خودت رو بسنج
그것은 법 ___ 결정되었다.
Correct particle for cause.
Which is most formal?
It is the most formal.
Is ~에 의하여 used in casual talk?
It is for formal writing.
Word
معنی
Matching noun to particle.
Subject-Agent-Verb order.
모든 행동은 ___ 의하여 평가된다.
Needs the particle.
Can it replace '때문에' in all cases?
Only in formal contexts.
What does it highlight?
It highlights the agent.
Word
معنی
Grammar terminology.
Formal sentence structure.
امتیاز: /10
Summary
Use ~에 의하여 when you need to sound professional and clearly state the cause or agent of an action.
- It is a formal particle meaning 'by' or 'due to'.
- Used primarily in writing, reports, and legal documents.
- Points to the agent or cause of an action.
- Pairs with passive verbs for professional tone.
Memory Palace
Imagine a judge's gavel hitting the table.
Native Speakers
Use it when writing reports.
Cultural Insight
It reflects Korean respect for formal structure.
Grammar Shortcut
Follows passive verbs.
محتوای مرتبط
واژههای بیشتر academic
입체적
B2Having a three-dimensional effect or examining something from multiple perspectives rather than a single flat view. It implies a comprehensive and detailed analysis.
~에 관해
B1About, concerning.
~에 대하여
A2Concerning or regarding a particular subject; about.
~대해
A2About; concerning; regarding.
~에 관하여
A2Regarding, concerning, about (a topic).
~에 대해(서)
A1Indicates the topic or subject of discussion, meaning 'about' or 'regarding'.
무엇보다
A2More than anything else; above all.
결석생
A2A student who is absent from class.
추상화하다
B2To consider something theoretically or separately from its physical reality. It involves extracting general principles from specific examples.
추상
A2Abstraction; the quality of dealing with ideas rather than events.
