این صفحه به زبان شما
English العربية Deutsch Español Français 日本語 한국어 Português 中文 हिन्दी
B1 verb 10 دقیقه مطالعه

논의하다

nonuihada
تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 논의하다 در ۳۰ ثانیه
توضیح 논의하다 in your Level:
At the A1 level, '논의하다' might feel a bit difficult because it is a formal word. However, you can think of it as a very 'polite' way to say 'talk'. While you usually use '말해요' (speak) or '이야기해요' (talk) at this level, you might see '논의하다' in signs at a school or a library. It simply means people are meeting to talk about something important. For example, '선생님이 논의해요' means 'The teacher is discussing (something)'. You don't need to use it in your own daily speech yet, but knowing it helps you understand when a situation is serious. It's like the difference between saying 'let's talk' and 'let's have a meeting'. Focus on the '하다' part, which you already know means 'to do'. So, '논의' (discussion) + '하다' (to do) = to do a discussion. This is a common pattern in Korean.
برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید
At the A2 level, you are starting to use more 'Hanja' (Chinese character) words. '논의하다' is one of those words. You should recognize that it's more formal than '이야기하다'. You might use it when talking about school projects or when you see it in a simple news headline. A good way to use it at this level is with the particle '에 대해' (about). For example: '우리는 숙제에 대해 논의해요' (We discuss about the homework). This sounds much more professional than just saying '숙제 이야기해요'. You will also start to see it in the past tense: '논의했어요' (discussed). Remember that this word is for 'topics', not for just 'chatting' about your day. If you are talking about what you did over the weekend, don't use '논의하다'. Use it for plans, problems, or ideas.
برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید
At the B1 level, you should be able to use '논의하다' comfortably in professional or academic settings. This is the level where you distinguish between '의논하다' (common discussion) and '논의하다' (formal deliberation). You should use it to describe meetings, group work, or social issues. It's important to pair it with appropriate adverbs like '진지하게' (seriously) or '함께' (together). For example: '이 문제를 해결하기 위해 함께 논의해 봅시다' (Let's discuss together to solve this problem). You should also be familiar with the noun form '논의' and phrases like '논의가 필요하다' (discussion is needed). At this stage, you are expected to understand that '논의하다' often implies a goal—you aren't just talking for fun; you are trying to reach a decision or an understanding.
At the B2 level, you should understand the nuance of '논의하다' in various contexts, including its passive form '논의되다'. You will encounter this word frequently in TOPIK II reading and listening sections. You should be able to use it in essays to present arguments. For example: '본 보고서에서는 환경 문제에 대해 논의하고자 한다' (In this report, I intend to discuss environmental issues). You should also know related words like '협의하다' (negotiate/consult) and '토론하다' (debate) and choose the right one based on the situation. If you are describing a government meeting, '논의하다' is the standard choice. You should also be able to use it with complex clauses, such as '어떻게 예산을 절감할 것인지에 대해 논의했다' (Discussed how to cut the budget).
برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید
At the C1 level, your use of '논의하다' should be precise. You should recognize its role in academic discourse and high-level journalism. You might use it to describe the 'discourse' (담론) surrounding a topic. You should be comfortable using formal structures like '논의된 바와 같이' (as discussed) or '논의의 여지가 있다' (there is room for discussion/argument). At this level, you understand that '논의하다' can also imply a level of critical analysis. You might see it in phrases like '학계에서 활발히 논의되고 있는 이론' (a theory being actively discussed in academic circles). Your ability to use this word correctly in a business presentation or a formal debate will demonstrate your high level of linguistic competence and cultural understanding of Korean professional norms.
برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید
At the C2 level, '논의하다' is a basic tool in your vast vocabulary. You use it and its derivatives (e.g., 논의의 쟁점 - point of contention in a discussion) with native-like fluency. You understand the subtle differences between '논의', '심의', '평의', and '공론'. You can participate in high-level policy discussions or philosophical debates where '논의하다' is the standard verb for the exchange of complex ideas. You can also identify when the word is being used euphemistically in political speech (e.g., '논의 중' might mean a stalemate). You are capable of writing sophisticated editorials or research papers where '논의하다' serves as a fundamental verb for constructing and deconstructing arguments. You appreciate the historical weight of the Hanja roots and how they influence the word's current prestigious status in the Korean language.
برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید
تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

논의하다 در ۳۰ ثانیه

  • 논의하다 means to discuss formally, often in business, academic, or governmental contexts.
  • It is derived from Hanja (論議), meaning to argue and consult together.
  • It is more serious and structured than the everyday word '이야기하다'.
  • Commonly used in the passive form '논의되다' to mean 'is being discussed'.

The Korean verb 논의하다 (non-ui-hada) is a cornerstone of formal communication, academic discourse, and professional environments. Rooted in Hanja (Sino-Korean characters), the word consists of '논' (論 - to discuss/argue) and '의' (議 - to consult/deliberate). Unlike the more common and casual '이야기하다' (to talk/chat), '논의하다' implies a structured exchange with a specific purpose, usually aimed at reaching a consensus, solving a problem, or exploring a complex topic in depth. When you use this word, you are signaling that the conversation is not just a passing chat but a serious deliberation. It is the difference between 'talking about what to eat' and 'deliberating on the strategic direction of a company'.

Register
Formal and Professional. Used in news reports, business meetings, and academic papers.

정부는 새로운 세금 정책에 대해 논의하고 있습니다. (The government is discussing the new tax policy.)

In the context of Korean society, where hierarchy and formality are crucial, choosing '논의하다' over '말하다' (to speak) or '얘기하다' (to talk) shows respect for the gravity of the subject matter. It is frequently found in news headlines where politicians 'discuss' (논의하다) bills, or in corporate settings where teams 'discuss' (논의하다) project timelines. The word suggests a level of intellectual engagement and mutual exchange of viewpoints. It’s not just one person talking; it’s a collaborative process of weighing options and logic.

Common Context
Policy making, academic conferences, business strategy sessions, and legal deliberations.

우리는 이 문제를 심도 있게 논의해야 합니다. (We need to discuss this issue in depth.)

Furthermore, '논의하다' often appears in the passive form '논의되다' (to be discussed). This is common when the focus is on the topic itself rather than the people talking. For example, '그 안건은 어제 회의에서 논의되었습니다' (That agenda item was discussed in yesterday's meeting). This versatility makes it an essential verb for anyone moving beyond basic Korean into intermediate and advanced levels. It provides the linguistic tools to participate in the 'public square' of Korean life, allowing for participation in civic and professional life with the appropriate level of gravitas.

환경 보호를 위한 다양한 방안이 논의되고 있습니다. (Various measures for environmental protection are being discussed.)

Etymology Note
The character 論 (non) means to theorize or argue, while 議 (ui) means to deliberate or consult. Together, they form a word that represents the highest form of verbal problem-solving.

이 문제는 다음 단계에서 논의합시다. (Let's discuss this issue in the next stage.)

Using 논의하다 correctly involves understanding its grammatical patterns and the surrounding vocabulary that typically accompanies it. Because it is a formal verb, it is frequently paired with formal sentence endings like '-습니다' or '-ㅂ니다', though it can also be used in the polite '-아요/어요' form in professional but slightly more relaxed settings. The most common structure is '[Topic]에 대해 논의하다', which translates to 'discuss about [Topic]'. While English speakers often say 'discuss the issue' (direct object), Korean allows both the direct object and the 'about' construction, though '에 대해' is very frequent in formal writing.

Structure 1
[Noun] + 을/를 + 논의하다 (Discuss [Noun])

우리는 구체적인 계획을 논의했습니다. (We discussed the specific plan.)

Another common pattern involves using the word with adverbs that describe the depth or quality of the discussion. Words like '활발히' (actively), '심도 있게' (in depth), '충분히' (sufficiently), and '진지하게' (seriously) are natural partners for '논의하다'. These adverbs help specify the nature of the deliberation. For instance, '활발히 논의하다' implies a lively exchange of ideas where many people are participating actively, whereas '진지하게 논의하다' suggests a somber or high-stakes environment where every word is weighed carefully.

Structure 2
[Noun] + 에 대해 + 논의하다 (Discuss about [Noun])

팀원들과 예산 문제에 대해 논의해야 해요. (I need to discuss the budget issue with my team members.)

In more complex sentences, '논의하다' can be used with clause connectors. For example, '어떻게 문제를 해결할지 논의하다' (discuss how to solve the problem). Here, the 'how to' clause acts as the object of the discussion. This is particularly useful in project management or problem-solving contexts. Additionally, the word is often used in the nominalized form '논의' (discussion). Phrases like '논의가 진행 중이다' (discussion is in progress) or '논의를 거치다' (to go through a discussion) are standard in official reports and news.

앞으로의 방향을 논의하기 위해 모였습니다. (We gathered to discuss the future direction.)

Collaborative Particles
Use '와/과' (with) to specify who you are discussing with: '전문가와 논의하다' (discuss with an expert).

이 안건은 부장님과 논의한 후에 결정하겠습니다. (I will decide after discussing this agenda item with the manager.)

Lastly, pay attention to the tense. '논의 중이다' (is in the middle of discussing) is a very frequent expression in current events. It highlights that a process is ongoing and no final decision has been reached yet. This nuance is vital for understanding Korean news where many social issues are constantly 'under discussion'.

현재 여러 가지 대안이 논의되고 있는 상황입니다. (Currently, various alternatives are being discussed.)

You will encounter 논의하다 in several distinct environments, each emphasizing the word's formal and deliberative nature. The most prominent place is the **Korean News (Broadcast and Print)**. Whether it's KBS, MBC, or the Chosun Ilbo, reporters use this word to describe diplomatic talks, legislative sessions, or economic forums. If two world leaders meet, they don't just 'talk'; they '논의하다' regarding regional security and trade. This sets a tone of international importance and professional diplomacy.

Scenario 1: The Office
During a weekly team meeting or a project kickoff, the manager might say, '이번 프로젝트의 일정에 대해 논의해 봅시다' (Let's discuss the schedule for this project).

회의실에서 마케팅 전략을 논의하고 있어요. (They are discussing marketing strategy in the meeting room.)

Another key environment is **Academic Institutions**. In university seminars, professors expect students to '논의하다' the theories presented in textbooks. Research papers often conclude with a 'Discussion' section, titled '논의' or '고찰'. Here, the word signifies the analytical process of interpreting data and comparing it with existing knowledge. It is a word of the intellect, used to dissect arguments and build new ones. If you are a student in Korea, you will hear this word constantly in the context of group assignments and scholarly debates.

Scenario 2: Government/Politics
In the National Assembly (국회), lawmakers '논의하다' bills (법안) before they are put to a vote. It implies the process of negotiation and amendment.

여야가 복지 예산안을 논의하기 위해 만났습니다. (The ruling and opposition parties met to discuss the welfare budget bill.)

You will also hear it in **Legal and Administrative** contexts. When a judge or a committee deliberates on a case or a petition, the process is described as '논의'. It carries the weight of authority and the requirement for fairness. In everyday life, you might hear it on talk shows or documentaries when experts are brought in to '논의' a social phenomenon, like the low birth rate or the impact of AI on the job market. Unlike a casual variety show where people 'talk' (수다 떨다), these programs aim for a '논의' that informs and educates the public.

전문가들이 기후 변화의 위험성을 논의하는 것을 들었습니다. (I heard experts discussing the dangers of climate change.)

Scenario 3: Formal Emails
When requesting a meeting: '다음 주에 협력 방안에 대해 논의하고 싶습니다' (I would like to discuss cooperation measures next week).

While 논의하다 is a powerful word, learners often trip up on its nuance and usage compared to similar-sounding or similar-meaning verbs. The most common mistake is using it in **too casual a context**. For example, saying '친구와 점심 메뉴를 논의했어요' (I discussed the lunch menu with my friend) sounds unnaturally stiff and almost robotic. In this case, '얘기했어요' (talked) or '골랐어요' (chose) is much more appropriate. '논의하다' requires a topic of some substance or a formal setting.

Mistake 1: Misusing Register
Using '논의하다' for trivial, everyday topics with friends. Use '이야기하다' or '수다 떨다' instead.

❌ 어제 친구랑 영화 뭐 볼지 논의했어. (Sounds like a government hearing about a movie.)
✅ 어제 친구랑 영화 뭐 볼지 얘기했어.

Another frequent error is confusing '논의하다' with **'토론하다' (to debate)**. While they both involve talking, '토론하다' specifically implies a structured debate where different sides present opposing arguments to persuade an audience or each other. '논의하다' is broader; it can be collaborative and doesn't necessarily require opposing sides. If a team is working together to find a solution, they are '논의'ing, not necessarily '토론'ing. Confusing these can make you sound more confrontational than you intend to be.

Mistake 2: Confusion with '토론하다'
'토론하다' is for debating pros and cons. '논의하다' is for general formal discussion or deliberation.

우리는 문제를 해결하기 위해 논의했습니다. (Correct: Focus is on finding a solution together.)

Learners also struggle with the **passive form '논의되다'**. In English, we often say 'The plan is being discussed'. In Korean, you must use the '되다' (to become/be) ending. Using '논의하다' when the subject is the topic (e.g., 'The plan discusses...') is a grammatical error. The plan cannot discuss; it must *be discussed*. Furthermore, avoid using '논의하다' with personal feelings as the primary object. You don't '논의' your feelings; you '이야기' or '고백' (confess) them. '논의' is for objective, external topics.

Mistake 3: Subject-Verb Agreement
Ensure the subject of '논의하다' is a person or a group. If the subject is an idea, use '논의되다'.

❌ 새로운 법안이 논의해요.
✅ 새로운 법안이 논의되고 있어요.

Finally, don't forget the '하다'. Since it's a noun-based verb (논의 + 하다), forgetting the '하다' in a sentence makes it just a noun. While '논의 중' is a valid shortened form, '우리는 이거 논의' is incomplete and incorrect in speech.

To truly master 논의하다, you must know how it compares to its synonyms. The Korean language has a rich set of verbs for 'talking', each with a specific nuance. Understanding these will allow you to choose the exact word for the situation.

상의하다 (Sang-ui-hada)
To consult or discuss with someone to get advice or reach an agreement. It often implies a more personal or one-on-one consultation than '논의하다'.

부모님과 진로를 상의했습니다. (I consulted/discussed my career path with my parents.)

Then there is **협의하다 (Hyeop-ui-hada)**. This word means 'to consult/negotiate' and is specifically used when two parties with potentially different interests try to reach a common ground or a formal agreement. It is very common in business contracts and legal settlements. While '논의하다' is about the *process* of talking, '협의하다' focuses more on the *cooperation* and the *agreement* itself.

토론하다 (To-ron-hada)
To debate. This involves presenting arguments for and against a specific topic. It is more competitive than '논의하다'.

Another interesting alternative is **의논하다 (Ui-non-hada)**. Interestingly, this uses the same Hanja characters as '논의하다' but in reverse order (議 + 論). In modern usage, '의논하다' is slightly less formal than '논의하다' and is used more in daily life for things like 'discussing a family matter' or 'discussing a problem with a friend'. If '논의하다' is for the boardroom, '의논하다' is for the living room.

검토하다 (Geom-to-hada)
To review or examine. Often used after a discussion to mean 'we will look into the details'.

제안하신 내용을 긍정적으로 검토하겠습니다. (We will review your proposal positively.)

Finally, for very high-level or formal contexts, you might see **심의하다 (Sim-ui-hada)**, which means 'to deliberate' in an official capacity, such as a committee or a court. Choosing between these words depends entirely on the 'who', 'where', and 'why' of the conversation. Mastering these distinctions is a hallmark of an advanced Korean speaker.

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

The characters in '논의' (論議) are the same as in '의논' (議論), just reversed. While they share the same root, '논의' is considered more formal and 'public', whereas '의논' is slightly more 'private' and casual.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK no.ni.ɦa.da
US no.ni.ɦa.da
The stress is even across the syllables, typical of Korean, but a slight emphasis may be placed on 'non' (논) to highlight the topic.
هم‌قافیه با
건의하다 (to suggest) 대의하다 (to represent) 동의하다 (to agree) 심의하다 (to deliberate) 협의하다 (to consult) 결의하다 (to resolve) 정의하다 (to define) 항의하다 (to protest)
خطاهای رایج
  • Pronouncing '의' as 'ui' (as in 'oui' in French) instead of 'i' (ee) when it follows the consonant 'ㄴ'. In '논의', it is standard to pronounce it as [노니].
  • Mumbling the 'hada' part, which should be clear.
  • Incorrectly stressing the second syllable.
  • Confusing the 'n' sound with 'l'.
  • Failing to aspirate the 'h' in 'hada' slightly.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 3/5

Common in news and books, easy to recognize once Hanja is known.

نوشتن 4/5

Requires knowledge of formal particles and sentence endings.

صحبت کردن 4/5

Must be used in the correct social register to avoid sounding stiff.

گوش دادن 3/5

Clear pronunciation, usually easy to pick out in formal speech.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

말하다 이야기하다 회의 의견 하다

بعداً یاد بگیرید

협의하다 토론하다 심의하다 검토하다 결정하다

پیشرفته

담론 쟁점 합의 공론화 안건

گرامر لازم

~에 대해(서) (About)

건강에 대해 논의하다.

~기로 하다 (Decide to)

내일 만나서 논의하기로 했다.

-는 것 (Nominalization)

함께 논의하는 것이 중요합니다.

-어/아 보다 (Try doing)

이 문제를 논의해 봅시다.

Passive -되다

그 문제는 이미 논의되었습니다.

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

우리는 학교에서 논의해요.

We discuss at school.

Simple present tense with the location particle '에서'.

2

선생님과 논의하세요.

Please discuss with the teacher.

Imperative form '-하세요' used for polite requests.

3

무엇을 논의합니까?

What are you discussing?

Formal question ending '-습니까'.

4

계획을 논의해요.

We discuss the plan.

Direct object '계획' with particle '을'.

5

친구와 논의해요.

I discuss with a friend.

Comitative particle '와' meaning 'with'.

6

내일 논의합시다.

Let's discuss tomorrow.

Propositive ending '-읍시다' (let's).

7

여기서 논의해요.

Discuss here.

Deictic '여기서' (at here).

8

함께 논의해요.

Discuss together.

Adverb '함께' (together).

1

우리는 여행 계획에 대해 논의했어요.

We discussed about the travel plan.

Past tense '-었어요' and '에 대해' (about).

2

문제를 어떻게 해결할지 논의합시다.

Let's discuss how to solve the problem.

Interrogative clause '-을지' as the object.

3

가족들과 새집에 대해 논의했어요.

I discussed about the new house with my family.

Plural '-들' and past tense.

4

회의에서 중요한 안건을 논의했습니다.

We discussed an important agenda item in the meeting.

Formal past tense '-었습니다'.

5

그 일은 나중에 논의해요.

Let's discuss that matter later.

Adverb '나중에' (later).

6

우리는 더 좋은 방법을 논의하고 싶어요.

We want to discuss a better way.

Desiderative '-고 싶다' (want to).

7

전문가와 논의하는 것이 좋아요.

It is good to discuss with an expert.

Gerund '-는 것' and adjective '좋다'.

8

이 책의 내용에 대해 논의해 봐요.

Let's try discussing the content of this book.

Auxiliary verb '-어 보다' (try doing).

1

정부는 경제 위기를 극복할 방안을 논의하고 있습니다.

The government is discussing measures to overcome the economic crisis.

Present progressive '-고 있다'.

2

새로운 프로젝트의 예산에 대해 심도 있게 논의했습니다.

We discussed the budget of the new project in depth.

Adverbial phrase '심도 있게' (in depth).

3

이 문제는 팀원 전체가 모여서 논의해야 합니다.

This issue must be discussed by the whole team gathering together.

Obligatory '-해야 하다'.

4

우리는 다음 단계로 넘어가기 전에 이 점을 논의해야 해요.

We need to discuss this point before moving to the next stage.

Temporal clause '-기 전에' (before).

5

그 안건은 어제 이사회에서 충분히 논의되었습니다.

That agenda was sufficiently discussed at the board meeting yesterday.

Passive voice '논의되다'.

6

서로의 의견을 존중하며 논의하는 자세가 필요합니다.

An attitude of discussing while respecting each other's opinions is necessary.

Simultaneous action '-으며' (while).

7

환경 보호를 위한 구체적인 방법을 논의합시다.

Let's discuss specific methods for environmental protection.

Purposive '-를 위한' (for).

8

어떤 디자인이 가장 좋을지 함께 논의해 볼까요?

Shall we try discussing which design would be the best together?

Tentative '-을까요?' (shall we?).

1

양국 정상은 한반도 평화 정착을 위한 협력 방안을 논의했습니다.

The leaders of both countries discussed cooperation measures for establishing peace on the Korean Peninsula.

Formal Hanja vocabulary like '정상' (summit/leader) and '정착' (settlement).

2

사회적 합의를 이끌어내기 위해 활발한 논의가 진행 중입니다.

Active discussion is in progress to draw out a social consensus.

Noun form '논의' and the phrase '진행 중' (in progress).

3

이 보고서는 청년 실업 문제의 원인과 대책을 논의하고 있다.

This report discusses the causes and countermeasures of the youth unemployment problem.

Written style '-ㄴ다' ending.

4

그 문제는 이미 여러 차례 논의된 바 있습니다.

That issue has already been discussed several times.

Formal phrase '-ㄴ 바 있다' (there is a case of...).

5

우리는 기술적 결함의 해결책을 찾기 위해 밤새 논의했다.

We discussed all night to find a solution for the technical defect.

Adverb '밤새' (all night).

6

논의의 초점은 비용 절감보다는 품질 향상에 맞춰져야 합니다.

The focus of the discussion should be aligned with quality improvement rather than cost reduction.

Comparative '보단' and passive '-어지다'.

7

전문가들 사이에서도 이 가설에 대해 논의가 분분합니다.

Discussions about this hypothesis are divided even among experts.

Adjective '분분하다' (divided/diverse).

8

구체적인 실천 방안이 논의되지 않아 아쉬움이 남습니다.

It is a pity that specific action plans were not discussed.

Causal '-아/어서' (implied) and emotive '아쉬움' (regret/pity).

1

현대 철학에서 주체성의 문제는 끊임없이 논의되어 온 주제입니다.

The problem of subjectivity has been a constantly discussed topic in modern philosophy.

Present perfect continuous style '-어 왔다'.

2

이번 포럼은 4차 산업혁명이 가져올 변화를 논의하는 장이 될 것입니다.

This forum will be a venue for discussing the changes that the Fourth Industrial Revolution will bring.

Metaphorical use of '장' (field/venue).

3

그 정책의 실효성에 대해서는 학계에서 여전히 논의의 여지가 많다.

There is still much room for discussion in academic circles regarding the effectiveness of that policy.

Idiomatic '논의의 여지가 있다' (room for discussion).

4

다양한 관점에서 이 현상을 논의함으로써 더 깊은 이해에 도달할 수 있다.

By discussing this phenomenon from various perspectives, we can reach a deeper understanding.

Instrumental '-함으로써' (by doing).

5

정치적 이해관계로 인해 본질적인 논의가 뒷전으로 밀려났다.

Due to political interests, the essential discussion was pushed to the background.

Causal '-로 인해' and idiomatic '뒷전으로 밀려나다'.

6

우리는 인공지능의 윤리적 가이드라인을 논의하기 위해 특별 위원회를 구성했다.

We formed a special committee to discuss ethical guidelines for artificial intelligence.

Complex noun phrases and formal verb '구성하다'.

7

제시된 안건들은 다음 회의에서 일괄적으로 논의될 예정입니다.

The presented agenda items are scheduled to be discussed collectively at the next meeting.

Adverb '일괄적으로' (collectively) and future '예정이다'.

8

기존 이론의 한계를 지적하고 새로운 대안을 논의하는 것이 이번 논문의 목적이다.

The purpose of this thesis is to point out the limitations of existing theories and discuss new alternatives.

Academic style structure.

1

담론의 장에서 타자의 목소리가 어떻게 논의되는지는 권력 구조와 밀접한 관련이 있다.

How the voice of the 'other' is discussed in the field of discourse is closely related to power structures.

High-level philosophical vocabulary like '담론' (discourse) and '타자' (the other).

2

해당 사안은 헌법적 가치와 충돌할 가능성이 있어 심도 있는 법리적 논의가 요구된다.

The matter in question may conflict with constitutional values, requiring in-depth legal discussion.

Legal terminology like '법리적' (legalistic/jurisprudential).

3

범지구적 차원에서 기후 정의를 실현하기 위한 논의가 그 어느 때보다 절실하다.

Discussion to realize climate justice on a global scale is more urgent than ever.

Superlative '그 어느 때보다' (more than ever).

4

역사적 트라우마를 치유하기 위한 공론화 과정에서 무엇을 논의할 것인가는 매우 민감한 문제이다.

What to discuss in the process of public discourse to heal historical trauma is a very sensitive issue.

Nominalized clause as a subject.

5

기술의 진보가 인간의 존엄성을 위협하지 않도록 다각적인 논의가 선행되어야 한다.

Multifaceted discussion must precede to ensure that technological progress does not threaten human dignity.

Purposive '-도록' and '선행되다' (to precede).

6

구조적 불평등을 타파하기 위한 논의는 단순히 경제적 분배를 넘어 인식의 전환을 요구한다.

Discussion to break down structural inequality requires a shift in perception beyond simple economic distribution.

Contrastive structure 'A를 넘어 B를 요구한다'.

7

포스트모더니즘 이후 진리의 객관성에 대한 논의는 새로운 국면을 맞이했다.

Since postmodernism, the discussion on the objectivity of truth has entered a new phase.

Idiomatic '새로운 국면을 맞이하다' (enter a new phase).

8

미학적 가치의 주관성과 객관성을 논의함에 있어 칸트의 비판 철학은 여전히 유효한 출발점이다.

In discussing the subjectivity and objectivity of aesthetic values, Kant's critical philosophy remains a valid starting point.

Formal conjunctive '-함에 있어' (in doing...).

متضادها

독단하다 침묵하다

ترکیب‌های رایج

심도 있게 논의하다
활발히 논의하다
충분히 논의하다
공식적으로 논의하다
안건을 논의하다
해결책을 논의하다
방안을 논의하다
논의를 거치다
논의를 중단하다
논의가 진행되다

عبارات رایج

논의 중

— Under discussion; currently being discussed.

그 계획은 아직 논의 중입니다.

논의의 여지

— Room for discussion or debate.

이 사실은 논의의 여지가 없습니다.

논의의 초점

— The focus of the discussion.

논의의 초점을 명확히 합시다.

재논의하다

— To discuss again; to reconsider.

결과가 만족스럽지 않아 재논의하기로 했다.

논의를 끌어내다

— To bring about or initiate a discussion.

그의 발언이 사회적 논의를 끌어냈다.

심층 논의

— In-depth discussion.

전문가들의 심층 논의가 필요합니다.

논의가 분분하다

— Opinions are divided; the discussion is diverse.

이 주제에 대해서는 논의가 분분합니다.

논의 끝에

— After much discussion.

긴 논의 끝에 합의에 도달했습니다.

논의를 확대하다

— To broaden the scope of the discussion.

우리는 논의를 경제 전반으로 확대했다.

논의를 회피하다

— To avoid discussion.

그는 민감한 질문에 대한 논의를 회피했다.

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

논의하다 vs 이야기하다

Too casual for professional settings. Use '논의하다' for serious topics.

논의하다 vs 토론하다

Implies a debate with opposing sides. '논의하다' is more general and collaborative.

논의하다 vs 의논하다

Very similar, but '의논하다' is slightly more private or for personal consultation.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"논의의 장을 마련하다"

— To provide a platform or opportunity for discussion.

정부는 시민들이 참여할 수 있는 논의의 장을 마련했다.

Formal
"도마 위에 오르다"

— To be brought up for discussion or criticism (literally: to be on the cutting board).

그의 발언이 국회에서 논의의 도마 위에 올랐다.

Metaphorical
"평행선을 달리다"

— To fail to reach an agreement because viewpoints remain far apart (literally: to run on parallel lines).

노사 간의 논의가 평행선을 달리고 있다.

Common
"결론을 유보하다"

— To postpone the conclusion after a discussion.

추가 논의가 필요해 결론을 유보했다.

Formal
"물꼬를 트다"

— To open the way for something (like a discussion) to start.

이번 회담이 평화 논의의 물꼬를 텄다.

Metaphorical
"접점을 찾다"

— To find common ground during a discussion.

양측은 오랜 논의 끝에 접점을 찾았다.

Common
"갑론을박"

— Argue for and against; a heated discussion where many people speak at once.

새 정책을 두고 갑론을박이 이어졌다.

Hanja Idiom
"탁상공론"

— Useless, impractical discussion (literally: discussion on a table).

현장을 모르는 사람들의 이야기는 탁상공론에 불과하다.

Critical
"중지를 모으다"

— To gather collective wisdom or opinions through discussion.

위기 극복을 위해 국민의 중지를 모아야 합니다.

Formal/Polished
"말문을 열다"

— To start talking or open a discussion.

그가 먼저 어렵게 논의의 말문을 열었다.

Common

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

논의하다 vs 협의하다

Both involve talking to reach a goal.

'협의하다' is specifically for reaching an agreement between two parties, often with different interests.

노사 양측이 임금 인상안을 협의했다.

논의하다 vs 상의하다

Both translate to 'discuss'.

'상의하다' is usually seeking advice or consulting with someone in a personal capacity.

친구와 고민을 상의했다.

논의하다 vs 검토하다

Often happens during a discussion.

'검토하다' means to review, check, or examine details, not necessarily through talking.

서류를 검토한 후 논의하자.

논의하다 vs 심의하다

Used in formal meetings.

'심의하다' is a legal or official deliberation by a committee to approve or reject something.

국회에서 예산안을 심의하고 있다.

논의하다 vs 거론하다

Involves a topic.

'거론하다' means to bring up or mention a specific topic for discussion.

그의 이름이 후보로 거론되었다.

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

A2

N + 에 대해 논의해요.

계획에 대해 논의해요.

B1

N + 을/를 심도 있게 논의하다.

문제를 심도 있게 논의하다.

B1

V + 기 위해 논의하다.

해결하기 위해 논의하다.

B2

N + 이/가 논의되고 있다.

대책이 논의되고 있다.

B2

어떻게 V + ㄹ지 논의하다.

어떻게 고칠지 논의하다.

C1

논의의 여지가 있다/없다.

논의의 여지가 없습니다.

C1

N + 을/를 논의의 장으로 끌어내다.

이슈를 논의의 장으로 끌어내다.

C2

N + 에 대한 다각적인 논의가 선행되다.

다각적인 논의가 선행되어야 한다.

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

논의 discussion, deliberation
논의 사항 matters for discussion
논의 주제 topic of discussion

فعل‌ها

논의되다 to be discussed (passive)
재논의하다 to discuss again

صفت‌ها

논의할 만한 worth discussing

مرتبط

토론 (debate)
회의 (meeting)
안건 (agenda)
결론 (conclusion)
합의 (agreement)
برای دیدن همه مثال‌ها رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

نحوه استفاده

frequency

Very high in media, business, and academic writing.

اشتباهات رایج
  • 어제 친구랑 점심 메뉴를 논의했어. → 어제 친구랑 점심 메뉴를 골랐어/얘기했어.

    '논의하다' is too formal for simple daily choices.

  • 새로운 법안이 논의해요. → 새로운 법안이 논의되고 있어요.

    A bill cannot discuss; it must be discussed (passive).

  • 우리는 문제를 토론했어요 (when they were just talking). → 우리는 문제를 논의했어요.

    '토론하다' implies a debate between opposing sides.

  • 내 감정에 대해 논의하고 싶어. → 내 감정에 대해 이야기하고 싶어.

    '논의하다' is for objective topics, not personal feelings.

  • 정부가 경제를 논의했다. → 정부가 경제 정책을 논의했다.

    You discuss a specific 'plan' or 'issue', not just a broad noun like 'economy'.

نکات

Passive Form

Always use '논의되다' when the subject is the topic (e.g., 'The bill is being discussed').

Hanja Roots

Remember 論 (Theory) and 議 (Consult). This helps you link it to other words like '토론' and '회의'.

Professionalism

Use this word in job interviews to sound more professional when talking about teamwork.

TOPIK Exam

Use '논의하다' in the TOPIK writing section (Task 53 or 54) to increase your score for formal vocabulary.

Office Life

In a Korean office, '논의' usually implies a structured meeting, not a quick desk-side chat.

News Keywords

This is a high-frequency keyword in news. When you hear it, the reporter is introducing the main topic of a meeting.

Goal-Oriented

'논의하다' implies you are trying to reach a conclusion, not just passing time.

Adverb Pairs

Memorize '심도 있게' and '활발히' as they almost always appear with '논의하다'.

Avoid Slang

There is no informal 'slang' version of this word. If you're being casual, switch to '얘기하다'.

Logic-Discussion

Think of 'Non' as 'Logic'. Logic + Discussion = 논의.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 'Non-Stop' (Non) + 'UI' (User Interface). Imagine a group of designers having a 'Non-stop' discussion about a new 'UI'.

تداعی تصویری

A round table in a glass-walled office with people in suits pointing at a whiteboard with the word 'PLAN' on it.

شبکه واژگان

Meeting (회의) Topic (주제) Opinion (의견) Logic (논리) Decision (결정) Formal (공식적) Expert (전문가) Agreement (합의)

چالش

Try to use '논의하다' in three different tenses (past, present, future) while describing a hypothetical business meeting.

ریشه کلمه

Derived from the Hanja characters 論 (논 - non) and 議 (의 - ui).

معنای اصلی: 論 means 'to discuss, argue, or theorize' and 議 means 'to consult, deliberate, or suggest'. Together, they imply a formal process of exchanging reasoned opinions.

Sino-Korean (Hanja)

بافت فرهنگی

Ensure you don't use it for very sensitive personal topics unless you want to sound detached or clinical.

Equivalent to 'discuss' or 'deliberate'. English speakers should note that it's more formal than 'talk about'.

Used in the 'Joint Declaration' (공동선언) between North and South Korea. Frequently heard in historical K-dramas (Sageuk) when ministers advise the King. A standard section title in academic journals like the 'Korean Journal of Education'.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Business Meeting

  • 안건을 논의하다
  • 일정을 논의하다
  • 예산을 논의하다
  • 협력 방안을 논의하다

Academic Research

  • 이론을 논의하다
  • 결과를 논의하다
  • 한계점을 논의하다
  • 선행 연구를 논의하다

Government/Politics

  • 법안을 논의하다
  • 정책을 논의하다
  • 공약을 논의하다
  • 예산안을 논의하다

Problem Solving

  • 해결책을 논의하다
  • 원인을 논의하다
  • 대책을 논의하다
  • 개선점을 논의하다

International Relations

  • 협정을 논의하다
  • 평화 방안을 논의하다
  • 교류를 논의하다
  • 위기를 논의하다

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"오늘 회의에서 어떤 안건을 논의할까요?"

"새로운 프로젝트의 방향에 대해 논의하고 싶습니다."

"이 문제의 해결책을 함께 논의해 볼 수 있을까요?"

"지난번 논의했던 내용에 대해 다시 이야기해 봅시다."

"우리가 논의해야 할 가장 중요한 점은 무엇이라고 생각하세요?"

موضوعات نگارش

오늘 직장이나 학교에서 동료들과 논의한 가장 중요한 주제는 무엇이었나요?

최근 한국 뉴스에서 가장 활발하게 논의되고 있는 사회적 이슈는 무엇입니까?

친구와 진지하게 논의해 보고 싶은 철학적인 주제가 있나요?

중요한 결정을 내릴 때 누구와 가장 먼저 논의하나요? 그 이유는 무엇입니까?

논의를 통해 갈등을 해결했던 경험에 대해 써 보세요.

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

It sounds very stiff. Unless you are joking or having a very serious 'meeting' about a trip, '이야기하다' or '의논하다' is better.

Yes, '논의' is the noun form. You can say '논의가 길어졌다' (The discussion became long).

'논의' is more formal and public. '의논' is slightly more personal and common in daily life. They use the same Hanja characters.

No, it is usually collaborative. If they are arguing, '토론하다' or '논쟁하다' is more specific.

Use '논의되다'. For example, '그 계획은 지금 논의되고 있어요'.

Yes, it means 'Please try discussing it'. It's common in classrooms or workshops.

Both are correct. '에 대해' is very common in formal writing, while '을/를' is more direct.

It means to discuss 'in depth' or 'profoundly'. It's a very common professional phrase.

Yes, it's perfect for professional emails when you want to set up a meeting to discuss a project.

It means 're-discussion'. It happens when a previous discussion didn't lead to a final decision.

برای نکات و یادداشت‌ها رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

خودت رو بسنج 180 سوال

writing

Translate: 'Let's discuss the plan.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

Uses '계획' (plan) + '논의합시다'.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Uses '계획' (plan) + '논의합시다'.

writing

Translate: 'We discussed the budget in depth.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

Uses '예산' (budget) and '심도 있게' (in depth).

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Uses '예산' (budget) and '심도 있게' (in depth).

writing

Translate: 'The issue is currently being discussed.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

Uses passive '논의되고 있다'.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Uses passive '논의되고 있다'.

writing

Translate: 'There is no room for discussion regarding this fact.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

Uses the idiom '논의의 여지가 없다'.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Uses the idiom '논의의 여지가 없다'.

writing

Write a sentence using '활발히' and '논의하다'.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

Shows active exchange of ideas.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Shows active exchange of ideas.

writing

Translate: 'I discussed with the teacher.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

Simple past tense with '과'.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Simple past tense with '과'.

writing

Translate: 'We gathered to discuss the solution.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

Uses '-기 위해' (in order to).

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Uses '-기 위해' (in order to).

writing

Translate: 'The government and the opposition party are discussing the bill.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

Uses '여야' (ruling and opposition parties).

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Uses '여야' (ruling and opposition parties).

writing

Translate: 'We need to discuss this tomorrow.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

Uses '-해야 합니다' (must/need to).

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Uses '-해야 합니다' (must/need to).

writing

Translate: 'What are you discussing?'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

Present progressive question.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Present progressive question.

speaking

Say 'Let's discuss the homework' in polite Korean.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Simple polite form.

speaking

Say 'I want to discuss the schedule' in formal Korean.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Uses '-고 싶습니다'.

speaking

Say 'Various methods are being discussed' in formal Korean.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Uses passive progressive.

speaking

Say 'This is a topic worth discussing' in formal Korean.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Uses '-ㄹ 만한 가치가 있다'.

speaking

Say 'Let's discuss this seriously' in formal Korean.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Uses '진지하게'.

speaking

Say 'Discuss with me' in polite Korean.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Uses '저와'.

speaking

Say 'We discussed it several times' in formal Korean.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Uses '여러 차례'.

speaking

Say 'According to the discussion...' in formal Korean.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Standard formal opening.

speaking

Say 'Is discussion possible?' in polite Korean.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Polite inquiry.

speaking

Say 'Discuss tomorrow' in polite Korean.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Simple future/present.

listening

Listen: '회의에서 뭐 했어요?' '계획을 논의했어요.' What did they do?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Discussed the plan.

listening

Listen: '이 문제는 전문가와 논의해야 해요.' Who should they talk to?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

The speaker mentions an expert.

listening

Listen: '그 안건은 이미 논의되었습니다.' Has the agenda been discussed?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Past tense '논의되었습니다'.

listening

Listen: '논의가 평행선을 달리고 있습니다.' Did they agree?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

'평행선을 달리다' means failing to agree.

listening

Listen: '다음에 다시 논의합시다.' Will they talk again?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

'다음에 다시' means next time again.

listening

Listen: '누구와 논의했어요?' '부장님과 논의했어요.' Who was it?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

The manager was the partner.

listening

Listen: '충분히 논의한 후에 결정하겠습니다.' Will they decide now?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

They will decide after discussion.

listening

Listen: '논의의 초점이 빗나갔습니다.' Is the discussion on track?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

'초점이 빗나가다' means off-focus.

listening

Listen: '함께 논의해 볼까요?' Is this a suggestion?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

'-을까요' is a suggestion.

listening

Listen: '여기서 논의하지 마세요.' Are they allowed to discuss here?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

'-지 마세요' is a prohibition.

writing

Translate: 'We gathered to discuss the problem.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

Uses '모이다' (gather).

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Uses '모이다' (gather).

writing

Translate: 'The plan was discussed at the meeting.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

Passive past tense.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Passive past tense.

writing

Translate: 'Let's broaden the scope of the discussion.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

Uses '범위' (scope) and '확대하다' (expand).

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Uses '범위' (scope) and '확대하다' (expand).

writing

Translate: 'Please discuss with your team.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

Simple imperative.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Simple imperative.

writing

Translate: 'We are discussing the future.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

Present progressive.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Present progressive.

writing

Translate: 'The two countries discussed the treaty.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

Uses '조약' (treaty).

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Uses '조약' (treaty).

writing

Translate: 'We must gather wisdom through discussion.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

Uses '중지를 모으다' (gather wisdom).

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Uses '중지를 모으다' (gather wisdom).

writing

Translate: 'We discussed the issue for three hours.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

Uses '동안' (for/during).

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Uses '동안' (for/during).

writing

Translate: 'Discuss with your parents.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

Polite imperative.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Polite imperative.

writing

Translate: 'The discussion is still in progress.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

Uses '진행 중' (in progress).

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Uses '진행 중' (in progress).

writing

Translate: 'The focus of the discussion changed.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

Uses '바뀌다' (change).

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Uses '바뀌다' (change).

writing

Translate: 'This is a sensitive issue to discuss.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

Uses '민감한' (sensitive).

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Uses '민감한' (sensitive).

writing

Translate: 'We will discuss it at the next meeting.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

Future tense.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Future tense.

writing

Translate: 'Let's discuss together.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

Simple polite form.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Simple polite form.

writing

Translate: 'The proposal is under discussion.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

Uses '논의 중'.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Uses '논의 중'.

writing

Translate: 'We discussed the new product design.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

Uses '신제품' (new product).

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Uses '신제품' (new product).

writing

Translate: 'The discussion reached a stalemate.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

Uses '교착 상태' (stalemate).

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Uses '교착 상태' (stalemate).

writing

Translate: 'Please discuss this with your manager.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

Uses '매니저' (manager).

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Uses '매니저' (manager).

writing

Translate: 'Discuss later.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

Simple and polite.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Simple and polite.

writing

Translate: 'The results will be discussed next week.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

Passive future.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Passive future.

/ 180 درست

نمره کامل!

برای تمرین رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

محتوای مرتبط

مفید بود؟

نظرات (0)

برای نظر دادن وارد شوید
هنوز نظری وجود ندارد. اولین نفری باشید که افکار خود را به اشتراک می‌گذارد!