비관적이다 در ۳۰ ثانیه
- Means 'to be pessimistic' (expecting the worst).
- Formal Sino-Korean word used in news, business, and psychology.
- Commonly paired with '전망' (outlook) or '태도' (attitude).
- Direct antonym is '낙관적이다' (to be optimistic).
The Korean word 비관적이다 (bigwanjeog-ida) is a complex adjective that translates most accurately to 'to be pessimistic' in English. It is a Sino-Korean word, derived from the Hanja characters 非 (bi - not/wrong), 觀 (gwan - view/see), and 的 (jeok - suffix for 'nature' or 'characteristic'). When you combine these with the copula 이다 (ida - to be), you get a term that literally describes a state of 'viewing things in a non-positive way.' This word is used to describe a person's outlook, a specific reaction to an event, or a general assessment of a situation where the negative aspects are emphasized over the positive ones. It is not merely about being sad; it is about a cognitive bias toward expecting failure or focusing on the downsides of a scenario. For instance, in an economic context, if an analyst says the outlook is '비관적이다,' they are suggesting that the data points toward a recession or decline. In a personal context, a friend might be described as '비관적이다' if they always assume a new project will fail before it even starts. The word carries a heavy, serious tone and is frequently found in academic writing, news reports, and formal discussions about psychology or sociology. It is essential to distinguish this from '부정적이다' (to be negative), as '비관적이다' specifically implies a lack of hope for the future outcome.
- Semantic Nuance
- Unlike the English word 'gloomy,' which focuses on mood, '비관적이다' focuses on the intellectual or philosophical stance of expecting the worst. It is a judgment of probability and outcome.
그는 자신의 미래를 매우 비관적으로 보고 있다. (He is viewing his own future very pessimistically.)
The usage of '비관적이다' spans across various domains. In the realm of literature, a '비관적인 결말' (pessimistic ending) refers to a story that concludes with the defeat or despair of the protagonist. In medical contexts, a doctor might describe a patient's prognosis as '비관적이다' if the chances of recovery are slim, though this is often delivered with high degrees of formal politeness. It is also a key term in philosophical debates, often contrasted with '낙관적이다' (to be optimistic). When using this word, one should be mindful of the social atmosphere; accusing someone of being '비관적이다' can sometimes be seen as a criticism of their lack of resilience or hope, whereas describing a situation as '비관적이다' is seen as an objective, albeit dark, assessment. Understanding this word requires grasping the Korean cultural emphasis on perseverance and 'K-spirit,' where being overly '비관적' is often seen as a hurdle to overcome.
- Formal Usage
- In news broadcasts, you will hear phrases like '경제 전망이 비관적입니다' (The economic outlook is pessimistic) to convey a serious tone without using overly emotional language.
상황이 아무리 비관적이라도 포기하지 마세요. (No matter how pessimistic the situation is, do not give up.)
Grammatically, 비관적이다 functions as a descriptive verb (adjective) in Korean. This means it follows the standard rules for adjectives, such as taking the -ㄴ/은 suffix to modify nouns (비관적인 생각 - pessimistic thought) or being conjugated with various endings to express tense and politeness. One of the most common ways to use it is in the adverbial form, 비관적으로, which modifies verbs like 생각하다 (to think), 보다 (to see/view), or 말하다 (to speak). For example, '비관적으로 생각하지 마세요' (Don't think pessimistically) is a very common encouragement given to those who are losing hope. Another frequent structure is using it with the subject marker -이/가 to describe an outlook or a prospect: '전망이 비관적이다' (The prospect is pessimistic). In this case, '전망' (prospect/outlook) is the subject that possesses the quality of being pessimistic. This structure is ubiquitous in business and political reporting.
- Grammar Pattern: -게 보다
- You can also use the -게 adverbial ending: '그는 매사를 비관적으로/비관적이게 본다.' This emphasizes the manner in which the subject perceives the world.
전문가들은 내년 시장을 비관적으로 내다보고 있습니다. (Experts are looking ahead to next year's market pessimistically.)
When modifying a noun directly, you must use the '비관적인' form. For instance, '비관적인 태도' (a pessimistic attitude) or '비관적인 전망' (a pessimistic outlook). It's important to note that because this word is derived from Hanja, it feels more formal and analytical than purely native Korean words. If you were talking to a child, you might say '안 좋은 생각만 해요' (only has bad thoughts) instead of using '비관적이다.' However, for anyone above middle school age, this term is standard for discussing one's mindset. In debate or academic writing, you might use the noun form '비관주의' (pessimism) or '비관론' (pessimistic theory/view). For example, '역사적 비관주의' refers to historical pessimism. The versatility of the '-적' suffix allows this word to transition smoothly between being an adjective, a noun, and an adverb, making it a powerful tool for sophisticated expression in Korean.
그의 비관적인 태도가 팀의 사기를 떨어뜨렸다. (His pessimistic attitude lowered the team's morale.)
You will encounter 비관적이다 in several specific contexts in South Korea. First and foremost is the news and media. Whether it is a broadcast about the declining birth rate, the stock market's volatility, or geopolitical tensions, news anchors frequently use '비관적' to describe the prevailing sentiment. For example, '부동산 시장에 대한 비관적인 전망이 우세합니다' (Pessimistic outlooks on the real estate market are dominant). Second, it is common in workplace environments during strategy meetings. If a project is unlikely to succeed due to lack of funding or market saturation, a manager might say, '이 프로젝트의 성공 가능성에 대해 저는 다소 비관적입니다' (I am somewhat pessimistic about the success probability of this project). This is a professional way to express doubt without being overly aggressive.
- Pop Culture & K-Dramas
- In dramas, you'll hear it when characters discuss their life philosophy or when a doctor delivers bad news. It adds a layer of intellectual depth to the dialogue.
뉴스: '전문가들은 이번 협상 결과가 비관적일 것으로 예상하고 있습니다.' (News: 'Experts expect the negotiation results to be pessimistic.')
Another place you will hear this is in educational settings, particularly in literature or philosophy classes. Teachers might discuss '비관주의 문학' (pessimistic literature) or ask students to analyze a character's '비관적인 세계관' (pessimistic worldview). In daily life, while less common than '우울하다' (to be depressed) or '힘들다' (to be hard), it is used when friends have serious heart-to-heart conversations about their future or the state of the world. If someone is being a 'Debbie Downer,' a friend might jokingly or seriously say, '왜 그렇게 비관적이야?' (Why are you so pessimistic?). It is also a frequent word in psychology and self-help books, where '비관적인 생각 패턴' (pessimistic thought patterns) are analyzed and contrasted with positive cognitive behaviors. Hearing this word often signals that the conversation has moved from lighthearted small talk to a more serious, evaluative discussion.
친구: '세상 돌아가는 걸 보면 정말 비관적이게 돼.' (Friend: 'Looking at how the world is going makes me feel pessimistic.')
One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make when using 비관적이다 is confusing it with 우울하다 (uul-hada), which means 'to be depressed.' While a pessimistic person might feel depressed, '비관적이다' describes the outlook or the judgment, whereas '우울하다' describes the emotional state. You wouldn't say a rainy day is '비관적' unless you are implying the weather predicts a bad future; you would say the weather is '우울하다' (gloomy). Another common error is using it interchangeably with 부정적이다 (bujeongjeog-ida), meaning 'to be negative.' While they are related, '부정적이다' is much broader. It can mean 'no' in a logical sense or just 'bad.' '비관적이다' is specifically about the future or the hopelessness of a situation. For example, if you disagree with a plan, you are being '부정적' (negative/rejecting), but if you think the plan will fail, you are being '비관적' (pessimistic).
- Mistake: Confusing with 'Skeptical'
- Learners often use '비관적이다' when they mean '회의적이다' (hoe-ui-jeog-ida - skeptical). Skepticism is about doubt; pessimism is about expecting the worst.
Wrong: 나는 이 음식이 맛없을까 봐 비관적이야.
Right: 나는 이 음식 맛에 대해 부정적이야 / 회의적이야. (Pessimism is too heavy for food taste.)
A subtle mistake occurs in the level of formality. '비관적이다' is a high-level word. Using it in a very casual, lighthearted situation might make you sound overly dramatic or like you're trying too hard to sound smart. In casual conversation, Koreans might use phrases like '가망이 없다' (there is no hope) or '안 될 것 같다' (it doesn't seem like it will work). Additionally, remember that '비관적이다' is an adjective, so it cannot take an object directly. You cannot '비관적이다 something.' You must say 'something에 대해 비관적이다' (to be pessimistic about something). Forgetting the particle '에 대해' (about) is a very common grammatical slip-up for learners moving from English to Korean. Lastly, ensure you don't confuse it with '비판적이다' (bipan-jeog-ida), which means 'to be critical.' Being critical involves analysis and finding faults, which is different from expecting the worst.
Wrong: 그는 정치를 비관적이다.
Right: 그는 정치에 대해 비관적이다. (He is pessimistic about politics.)
To truly master 비관적이다, you must understand its synonyms and how they differ in shade and intensity. The most common alternative is 부정적이다 (bujeongjeog-ida). As mentioned, this is the broad term for 'negative.' If '비관적이다' is a dark gray, '부정적이다' is the entire spectrum of black and gray. Use '부정적' for general negativity and '비관적' for hopelessness about the future. Another close relative is 회의적이다 (hoe-ui-jeog-ida), meaning 'skeptical.' While '비관적' implies you think it will fail, '회의적' implies you doubt it will succeed. It's a subtle but important distinction in professional settings. If you want to express a much stronger sense of despair, you might use 절망적이다 (jeol-mang-jeog-ida), which means 'to be hopeless' or 'desperate.' This word is used when there is almost zero chance of a positive outcome.
- 비관적이다 vs. 회의적이다
- '비관적이다' is about the outcome (bad). '회의적이다' is about the belief (doubtful). You are '비관적' when you're sure it's bad; you are '회의적' when you aren't sure it's good.
그의 말은 회의적이었지만, 상황은 정말 비관적이었다. (His words were skeptical, but the situation was truly pessimistic.)
On the opposite side, the direct antonym is 낙관적이다 (nak-gwan-jeog-ida), meaning 'to be optimistic.' This word also uses the '관' (view) Hanja, meaning 'to view with light/ease.' Another common antonym is 긍정적이다 (geung-jeong-jeog-ida), meaning 'to be positive.' In many Korean self-help contexts, you will see the phrase '비관에서 낙관으로' (from pessimism to optimism). If you are looking for a more native, less formal way to say someone is pessimistic, you might use the phrase '안 좋게 생각하다' (to think poorly/badly of) or '부정적으로 보다'. For a very poetic or literary context, '염세적이다' (yeom-se-jeog-ida) is used to mean 'misanthropic' or 'world-weary,' describing a deep, philosophical pessimism about human existence itself. Understanding these layers allows you to choose the exact right word for the level of seriousness and the specific type of 'negative outlook' you wish to convey.
- Summary of Alternatives
- 1. 부정적이다 (Negative - Broad)
2. 회의적이다 (Skeptical - Doubt-based)
3. 절망적이다 (Hopeless - Extreme)
4. 염세적이다 (World-weary - Philosophical)
그는 낙관적인 사람이라서 비관적인 상황에서도 웃는다. (He is an optimistic person, so he smiles even in pessimistic situations.)
چقدر رسمی است؟
نکته جالب
The character '관' (觀) is the same one used in '관심' (interest) and '관찰' (observation), showing it's all about how we look at things.
راهنمای تلفظ
- Pronouncing '관' as 'gan' (forgetting the 'w').
- Stress on the first syllable like English 'PESS-imistic'.
سطح دشواری
Requires understanding of Hanja-based suffixes and formal contexts.
Need to use correct particles like '에 대해' and adverbial forms.
Common enough to hear, but requires practice to use naturally without sounding overly formal.
Clear pronunciation, but often used in fast-paced news or debates.
بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟
پیشنیازها
بعداً یاد بگیرید
پیشرفته
گرامر لازم
-적이다 Suffix
비관적이다, 낙관적이다, 열정적이다.
-적으로 Adverbial Form
비관적으로 생각하다.
-적인 Noun Modifying Form
비관적인 전망.
-에 대해 (About)
미래에 대해 비관적이다.
-기보다는 (Rather than)
비관적이라기보다는 현실적이다.
مثالها بر اساس سطح
저는 비관적인 사람이 아니에요.
I am not a pessimistic person.
Uses the noun-modifying form '비관적인' + '사람' (person).
비관적인 생각은 나빠요.
Pessimistic thoughts are bad.
Simple adjective usage with '은/는' topic marker.
너무 비관적이지 마세요.
Please don't be too pessimistic.
Uses '-지 마세요' (please don't).
그의 말은 비관적이에요.
His words are pessimistic.
Standard polite ending '-이에요'.
상황이 비관적입니다.
The situation is pessimistic.
Formal polite ending '-입니다'.
비관적인 얼굴을 하지 마세요.
Don't make a pessimistic face.
'비관적인' modifying '얼굴' (face).
우리는 비관적이지 않아요.
We are not pessimistic.
Negative form '-지 않아요'.
이 책은 조금 비관적이에요.
This book is a bit pessimistic.
Adverb '조금' (a bit) modifying the adjective.
그는 매사에 비관적인 태도를 보여요.
He shows a pessimistic attitude in everything.
'매사에' means 'in every matter.'
비관적으로 생각하면 끝이 없어요.
If you think pessimistically, there is no end.
Uses '-면' (if) and adverbial '-적으로'.
친구가 비관적인 말을 해서 슬펐어요.
I was sad because my friend said pessimistic things.
Uses '-어서/아서' (because).
비관적인 전망 때문에 걱정돼요.
I'm worried because of the pessimistic outlook.
'때문에' (because of) used with a noun phrase.
그 영화는 결말이 너무 비관적이었어.
That movie's ending was too pessimistic.
Past tense '-었어' (informal).
비관적인 생각을 버리고 싶어요.
I want to throw away pessimistic thoughts.
'-고 싶어요' (want to).
선생님은 비관적인 학생을 격려해 주셨어요.
The teacher encouraged the pessimistic student.
Honorific '-으셨어요'.
비관적인 감정은 건강에 안 좋아요.
Pessimistic emotions are not good for health.
Topic marker '-은' used for a general statement.
경제학자들은 내년 경기를 비관적으로 전망합니다.
Economists forecast next year's economy pessimistically.
'전망하다' (to forecast) is often paired with this word.
실패했다고 해서 그렇게 비관적일 필요는 없어요.
Just because you failed, there's no need to be that pessimistic.
'-을 필요는 없다' (no need to).
그녀는 자신의 건강 상태에 대해 비관적이다.
She is pessimistic about her health condition.
Uses '-에 대해' (about).
비관적인 의견도 들어볼 가치가 있습니다.
It is worth listening to pessimistic opinions as well.
'-ㄹ 가치가 있다' (to be worth doing).
너무 비관적인 쪽으로만 생각하지 마세요.
Don't just think on the pessimistic side.
'-쪽으로' (toward a side/direction).
그의 비관적인 성격은 어릴 때부터 그랬어요.
His pessimistic personality has been like that since he was young.
'성격' (personality) is a common noun modified by this word.
상황을 비관적으로만 보는 것은 도움이 안 돼요.
Only viewing the situation pessimistically is not helpful.
'-는 것' (nominalizer) used as the subject.
비관적인 분위기가 사무실 전체에 퍼졌어요.
A pessimistic atmosphere spread throughout the office.
'분위기' (atmosphere) modified by the adjective.
정부는 비관적인 여론을 잠재우기 위해 노력하고 있다.
The government is working to calm pessimistic public opinion.
'여론' (public opinion) and '잠재우다' (to calm/silence).
비관적인 시각에서 벗어나 창의적인 대안을 찾아야 합니다.
We must break away from a pessimistic perspective and find creative alternatives.
'-에서 벗어나다' (to escape/break away from).
그의 글에는 삶에 대한 비관적인 정서가 깊이 배어 있다.
A pessimistic sentiment toward life is deeply embedded in his writing.
'정서' (sentiment/emotion) and '배어 있다' (to be saturated/embedded).
전문가들의 비관적인 예측에도 불구하고 매출은 상승했다.
Despite experts' pessimistic predictions, sales rose.
'-에도 불구하고' (despite).
그는 비관적인 결론을 내리기 전에 한 번 더 확인했다.
He checked once more before drawing a pessimistic conclusion.
'결론을 내리다' (to draw a conclusion).
비관적인 사고방식은 개인의 발전을 저해할 수 있습니다.
A pessimistic way of thinking can hinder personal development.
'사고방식' (way of thinking) and '저해하다' (to hinder).
그 영화는 사회의 어두운 면을 비관적인 필치로 그려냈다.
The movie depicted the dark side of society with a pessimistic touch.
'필치' (touch/stroke of a pen/brush).
우리는 비관적인 시나리오에 대비한 계획을 세워야 합니다.
We need to make a plan in preparation for a pessimistic scenario.
'시나리오' (scenario) and '대비하다' (to prepare for).
현대인들 사이에서 미래에 대한 집단적 비관주의가 확산되고 있다.
Collective pessimism about the future is spreading among modern people.
'집단적' (collective) and '확산되다' (to be spread).
작가는 인간의 본성을 매우 비관적인 관점에서 고찰하고 있다.
The author is contemplating human nature from a very pessimistic perspective.
'고찰하다' (to contemplate/examine) and '관점' (perspective).
그의 비관적인 세계관은 전쟁의 참혹한 경험에서 비롯되었다.
His pessimistic worldview originated from the horrific experience of war.
'세계관' (worldview) and '비롯되다' (to originate from).
비관적인 현실 인식이야말로 개혁의 시작일 수도 있다.
A pessimistic recognition of reality might indeed be the start of reform.
'-이야말로' (emphasizer: indeed/precisely).
지나치게 비관적인 태도는 합리적인 판단을 흐리게 만든다.
An excessively pessimistic attitude clouds rational judgment.
'흐리게 만들다' (to make cloudy/dim).
그는 비관적인 상황 속에서도 냉철함을 유지하려고 애썼다.
He tried hard to maintain his composure even in a pessimistic situation.
'냉철함' (composure/cool-headedness) and '-으려고 애쓰다'.
청년 실업 문제는 사회 전반에 비관적인 기류를 형성하고 있다.
The youth unemployment problem is forming a pessimistic current throughout society.
'기류' (current/atmosphere) and '형성하다' (to form).
비관적인 예측이 빗나가고 시장은 의외의 호황을 맞이했다.
The pessimistic prediction missed the mark, and the market met an unexpected boom.
'빗나가다' (to miss/go wide) and '호황' (economic boom).
그 철학자의 저술은 존재의 허무를 다루는 비관적인 색채가 짙다.
The philosopher's writings have a strong pessimistic hue dealing with the futility of existence.
'색채가 짙다' (to have a strong hue/color - metaphorical).
비관적인 전망이 지배적인 가운데, 그는 홀로 낙관론을 펼쳤다.
Amidst the dominant pessimistic outlook, he alone presented an optimistic theory.
'지배적인 가운데' (amidst being dominant).
구조적인 모순이 해결되지 않는 한, 비관적인 진단은 계속될 것이다.
As long as structural contradictions are not resolved, pessimistic diagnoses will continue.
'진단' (diagnosis) and '구조적인 모순' (structural contradiction).
그의 연설은 비관적인 수사로 가득 차 청중을 압도했다.
His speech was filled with pessimistic rhetoric and overwhelmed the audience.
'수사' (rhetoric) and '압도하다' (to overwhelm).
비관적인 인식이 팽배해지면 사회적 동력이 상실될 우려가 있다.
If pessimistic perception becomes prevalent, there is a concern that social momentum may be lost.
'팽배해지다' (to become prevalent) and '동력' (momentum/power).
역설적이게도, 비관적인 분석이 가장 철저한 대비책을 낳기도 한다.
Paradoxically, pessimistic analysis sometimes gives birth to the most thorough countermeasures.
'역설적이게도' (paradoxically).
그는 비관적인 현실을 직시하며 그 너머의 가능성을 모색했다.
He looked the pessimistic reality in the eye and sought possibilities beyond it.
'직시하다' (to look straight at) and '모색하다' (to seek/grope for).
비관적인 담론이 주를 이루는 학계에서 그의 논문은 신선한 충격이었다.
In an academic world where pessimistic discourse is the main, his paper was a fresh shock.
'담론' (discourse) and '주를 이루다' (to form the main part).
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
— To fall into pessimism.
그는 실패 후 비관론에 빠졌다.
— A pessimistic view or opinion.
전문가들은 비관적 견해를 내놓았다.
— A worst-case or pessimistic scenario.
비관적 시나리오를 검토 중이다.
— To trend toward pessimism.
여론이 비관적으로 흐르고 있다.
— A pessimistic atmosphere or trend.
업계에 비관적 기류가 감돈다.
— A pessimistic perspective.
비관적 관점에서 문제를 분석하다.
— A pessimistic diagnosis or assessment.
현 상황에 대한 비관적 진단이 많다.
— A pessimistic tone or color (metaphorical).
소설에 비관적 색채가 짙다.
— A pessimistic nuance.
그의 말에는 비관적 뉘앙스가 섞여 있다.
— A pessimistic judgment.
성급하게 비관적 판단을 내리지 마라.
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
'Negative' (broad) vs 'Pessimistic' (future/outcome-focused).
'Critical' (analytical) vs 'Pessimistic' (expecting the worst).
'Skeptical' (doubting) vs 'Pessimistic' (certain of failure).
اصطلاحات و عبارات
— To feel hopeless (like eyes seeing only darkness).
시험을 망쳐서 눈앞이 캄캄하다.
Informal— To feel suffocated with worry/hopelessness.
상황이 비관적이라 가슴이 답답하다.
Neutral— To hit rock bottom.
기분이 비관적인 생각으로 밑바닥을 쳤다.
Neutral— To spoil something (often with negative/pessimistic talk).
좋은 일에 비관적인 말로 재를 뿌리지 마.
Informal— To throw cold water on (dampen spirits).
비관적인 전망이 축제 분위기에 찬물을 끼얹었다.
Neutral— Difficulty after difficulty (leading to pessimism).
일이 산 넘어 산이라 비관적이게 된다.
Neutral— To have a very long way to go (can be used pessimistically).
해야 할 일이 구만리 같아 비관적이다.
Neutral— Cannot see even an inch ahead (uncertainty leading to pessimism).
세상은 한 치 앞도 몰라 비관적일 때가 있다.
Neutral— To chase clouds (unrealistic optimism, the opposite of pessimism).
비관적인 현실에서 뜬구름 잡는 소리 하지 마라.
Neutral— To see the floor (running out of resources/hope).
인내심의 바닥이 보여 비관적이게 된다.
Neutralبهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Similar sound (Bi-pan vs Bi-gwan).
Critical means analyzing faults; Pessimistic means expecting a bad result.
그는 영화에 대해 비판적이다 (He is critical of the movie - finds faults). vs 그는 영화의 성공에 대해 비관적이다 (He thinks the movie will fail).
Both involve negative feelings.
Gloomy/Depressed is an emotion; Pessimistic is a cognitive outlook.
날씨가 우울하다 (Weather is gloomy). vs 전망이 비관적이다 (Outlook is pessimistic).
Both are 'negative'.
Negative can mean 'no' or 'bad' generally; Pessimistic is specific to hope and future.
그는 부정적인 대답을 했다 (He gave a negative/no answer).
Both involve lack of confidence.
Skeptical is about doubt; Pessimistic is about negative certainty.
성공 여부에 회의적이다 (Skeptical about success).
Both mean lack of hope.
Desperate/Hopeless is much stronger and more emotional than pessimistic.
상황이 절망적이다 (The situation is hopeless/end-of-the-road).
الگوهای جملهسازی
저는 [Noun]이/가 비관적이에요.
저는 생각이 비관적이에요.
[Noun]은/는 비관적인 [Noun]이에요.
그는 비관적인 사람이에요.
[Noun]에 대해 비관적으로 생각해요.
미래에 대해 비관적으로 생각해요.
[Noun]이/가 비관적임에도 불구하고 [Action].
상황이 비관적임에도 불구하고 노력해요.
[Noun]은/는 [Noun]을/를 비관적인 시각으로 고찰한다.
작가는 사회를 비관적인 시각으로 고찰한다.
[Noun]에 대한 비관적 담론이 팽배해 있다.
정치에 대한 비관적 담론이 팽배해 있다.
비관적이라기보다는 [Adjective]이다.
비관적이라기보다는 신중한 것이다.
비관적인 기류가 형성되다.
시장에는 비관적인 기류가 형성되었다.
خانواده کلمه
اسمها
فعلها
صفتها
مرتبط
نحوه استفاده
Common in media and serious discussion; rare in light small talk.
-
그는 비관적이에요 사람.
→
그는 비관적인 사람이에요.
Adjectives must use the -ㄴ/은 form to modify a noun.
-
미래를 비관적이다.
→
미래에 대해 비관적이다.
'비관적이다' is an adjective and needs a particle like '에 대해' to relate to a noun.
-
날씨가 비관적이에요.
→
날씨가 우울해요.
'비관적이다' is for outlooks and mindsets, not for the weather.
-
비관적으로 말하지 마세요. (meaning 'Don't be critical')
→
비판적으로 말하지 마세요.
Confusing 'pessimistic' with 'critical'.
-
그는 비관적이에요. (meaning 'He is sad')
→
그는 슬퍼요.
Pessimism is an outlook, not just a simple emotion of sadness.
نکات
Pairing with Nouns
Always use '비관적인' when modifying nouns like '생각', '전망', or '태도'.
Adverbial Use
Use '비관적으로' when describing how someone thinks (생각하다) or sees (보다).
Antonym Practice
Learn '낙관적이다' at the same time to anchor both words in your memory.
Pessimistic vs. Skeptical
Remember that '비관적' is about the bad outcome, while '회의적' is about the doubt.
Polite Criticism
Using '비관적' for a project is more professional than saying it's 'bad' (나쁘다).
TOPIK Exam
This is a high-frequency word in TOPIK II reading and writing sections.
Cultural Context
In Korea, being '낙관적' is highly valued, so use '비관적' carefully when talking about people.
Hanja Root
Remember '비' (Not) and '관' (View) to easily recall the meaning.
Pronunciation
Make sure to pronounce the 'w' in '관' (gwan) clearly.
Noun Forms
Use '비관론' when discussing theories or general public trends.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Think of 'Bee' (비) + 'Gwan' (View). A bee that can't see (관) flowers and only sees the dark ground is '비관적' (pessimistic).
تداعی تصویری
A person wearing gray-tinted glasses looking at a sunny park but only seeing the shadows of the trees.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Try to use '비관적이다' in a sentence about a rainy day, then rewrite it using '낙관적이다' to see the difference.
ریشه کلمه
Derived from Hanja: 非 (Bi - Not) + 觀 (Gwan - To view/see) + 的 (Jeok - Suffix).
معنای اصلی: A perspective that is 'not' positive or 'wrong' (in a traditional sense of missing the light).
Sino-Korean (Hanja-based vocabulary).بافت فرهنگی
Calling someone '비관적이다' to their face can be offensive as it implies they are weak-willed.
Pessimism in English can sometimes be seen as 'realism,' but in Korean '비관적' is almost always viewed as a negative trait unless used in expert analysis.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
Economy
- 경제가 비관적이다
- 전망이 비관적이다
- 비관적인 지표
- 비관론이 우세하다
Relationships
- 우리 사이가 비관적이다
- 비관적인 태도
- 비관적으로 말하다
- 비관적인 생각
Health
- 건강이 비관적이다
- 예후가 비관적이다
- 비관적인 상태
- 비관적인 진단
Education
- 시험 결과가 비관적이다
- 합격 가능성이 비관적이다
- 비관적인 학생
- 비관적인 평가
Philosophy
- 비관주의 철학
- 비관적인 세계관
- 인생은 비관적이다
- 비관론의 역사
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"요즘 경제 전망에 대해 비관적으로 생각하시나요?"
"왜 그렇게 미래를 비관적으로 보세요?"
"비관적인 사람과 어떻게 대화하는 게 좋을까요?"
"비관적인 생각이 들 때 어떻게 극복하세요?"
"이 영화의 결말이 너무 비관적이라고 생각하지 않으세요?"
موضوعات نگارش
내가 가장 비관적으로 생각하는 것은 무엇인가?
비관적인 태도가 내 삶에 어떤 영향을 주었는가?
비관적인 상황을 낙관적으로 바꾼 경험이 있는가?
사회 전반의 비관적인 분위기를 어떻게 바꿀 수 있을까?
비관주의와 현실주의의 차이는 무엇이라고 생각하는가?
سوالات متداول
10 سوالMostly, yes. It describes an outlook or expectation that things will turn out badly.
Yes, '비관적인 사람' means a pessimist.
It's a neutral descriptive word, but being called '비관적' is usually seen as a negative personality trait.
'낙관적이다' (optimistic).
'비관적으로 생각하지 마세요' or '비관론자가 되지 마세요.'
Yes, it is a Sino-Korean word, making it more formal than native Korean equivalents.
Not usually. For weather, use '우울하다' (gloomy) or '흐리다' (cloudy).
Usually '에 대해' (about) or '으로' (as/in a manner).
No, it means 'expecting the worst.' You can be pessimistic without being sad (e.g., a cold analysis).
'비관하다' is the verb form 'to despair' or 'to be pessimistic,' often used like '인생을 비관하다.'
خودت رو بسنج 192 سوال
Write a sentence using '비관적이다' to describe the economy.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Translate: 'Don't be so pessimistic about your future.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Describe a 'pessimistic person' in Korean.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Use '비관적인 태도' in a sentence about teamwork.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a sentence contrasting '비관적' and '낙관적'.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Translate: 'The movie had a pessimistic ending.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Use the adverb '비관적으로' to describe how someone views the world.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a formal sentence about a pessimistic outlook on population decline.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Translate: 'I am not a pessimistic person.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Use '비관적임에도 불구하고' in a sentence.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Describe a pessimistic atmosphere in an office.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a sentence about why someone is pessimistic.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Translate: 'Pessimistic thoughts are not helpful.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Use '비관론' in a sentence about politics.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a sentence using '비관적이라기보다는'.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Translate: 'He always says pessimistic things.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Describe a pessimistic worldview.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Use '비관적으로 흐르다' in a sentence about public opinion.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Translate: 'The doctor was pessimistic about the patient's recovery.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a sentence about overcoming a pessimistic mindset.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Say 'I am pessimistic' in formal Korean.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Tell a friend 'Don't think pessimistically.'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Ask someone 'Why are you so pessimistic?'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'The economic outlook is pessimistic' in a news style.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Describe yourself as not being a pessimist.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Give an opinion on a movie's ending being pessimistic.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Encourage someone using '낙관적' and '비관적'.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Explain what '비관적' means in simple Korean.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Use '비관적인 전망' in a sentence about a job interview.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'It's realistic rather than pessimistic.'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
React to bad news pessimistically.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'Pessimism is spreading.'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Discuss a social issue using the word.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Use the word in a past tense sentence.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Ask a formal question about an expert's view.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Practice the pronunciation of '비관적으로'.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'I'm pessimistic about my health.'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Use the word to describe a book's tone.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Contrast '비관' and '희망'.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Make a sentence using '비관론자'.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Listen to the tone: '상황이 참 비관적이네요...' Is the speaker happy?
Which word did the speaker use? '전망이 (비관적/낙관적)입니다.' (Speaker sounds sad)
What is the speaker talking about? '그의 비관적인 태도 때문에 팀원들이 힘들어해요.'
Is the speaker giving advice? '너무 비관적으로 보지 마세요.'
What is the subject of pessimism? '우리나라의 미래에 대해 비관적인 사람들이 늘고 있습니다.'
Is the prediction accurate? '비관적인 예측이 빗나갔습니다.'
What register is this? '비관적이야.'
What register is this? '비관적입니다.'
Identify the adverb. '그는 매사를 비관적으로 생각하는 경향이 있다.'
What is the speaker's feeling? '눈앞이 캄캄하고 비관적인 생각만 들어요.'
Is it about a person or a thing? '비관적인 전망이 우세하다.'
What is the opposite word mentioned? '비관보다는 낙관이 필요합니다.'
Does the speaker agree? '비관적이라기보다는 현실적인 진단입니다.'
What is spreading? '비관적 기류가 형성되고 있습니다.'
Is the situation good? '결과가 비관적일 것으로 보입니다.'
/ 192 درست
نمره کامل!
Summary
'비관적이다' is the go-to formal adjective for 'pessimistic.' It describes a mindset focused on failure. Example: '전망이 비관적이다' (The outlook is pessimistic). Use it when you want to sound serious and evaluative.
- Means 'to be pessimistic' (expecting the worst).
- Formal Sino-Korean word used in news, business, and psychology.
- Commonly paired with '전망' (outlook) or '태도' (attitude).
- Direct antonym is '낙관적이다' (to be optimistic).
Pairing with Nouns
Always use '비관적인' when modifying nouns like '생각', '전망', or '태도'.
Adverbial Use
Use '비관적으로' when describing how someone thinks (생각하다) or sees (보다).
Antonym Practice
Learn '낙관적이다' at the same time to anchor both words in your memory.
Pessimistic vs. Skeptical
Remember that '비관적' is about the bad outcome, while '회의적' is about the doubt.
مثال
그녀는 이번 시험 결과에 대해 매우 비관적이다.
محتوای مرتبط
قواعد دستوری مرتبط
واژههای بیشتر psychology
성취감
B1احساس لذت و رضایتی که پس از انجام کاری خاص یا دشوار به دست میآید.
능동적
B2اقدام به ابتکار خود؛ فعال بودن به جای منتظر دستور ماندن.
적응하다
B1وفق یافتن با شرایط جدید یا یک محیط متفاوت.
열망
B1یک اشتیاق قوی و پرشور یا آرزوی چیزی، اغلب یک هدف بلندپروازانه.
연상하다
B1تداعی کردن یک فکر یا تصویر با دیگری.
태도
B1طرز فکر و احساس شما در مورد چیزی که در رفتار شما منعکس می شود. نگرش.
행동
B1عمل یا رفتار یک فرد.
소속감
B1The feeling of being part of a group or organization; a sense of belonging.
편향
B2تمایل به یک سمت یا دیدگاه که مانع ملاحظه عینی می شود.
범주화
B1فرآیند سازماندهی چیزها یا ایده ها در گروه ها یا دسته ها بر اساس ویژگی های مشترک.
