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B2 adjective #7,000 پرکاربردترین 11 دقیقه مطالعه

정교하다

jeonggyohada رتبه 7,000

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 정교하다 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 정교하다 in your Level:

At the A1 level, '정교하다' is a very difficult word that you won't usually see. However, you can think of it as a much more 'fancy' way to say '예쁘다' (pretty) or '잘 만들었다' (well-made) when looking at something with many small parts, like a toy or a watch. Imagine you see a very detailed Lego castle. Instead of just saying 'It is big,' you are saying 'It has many small, perfect parts.' You don't need to use this word yet, but if you hear it, just know it means 'very, very well-made with lots of details.' It's like a level 100 version of 'good.' For now, just remember that it's used for things like watches, jewelry, or robots. Don't worry about the grammar too much; just recognize that '정교한' means 'exquisite' or 'detailed.' It's a word that shows you are impressed by how something was built.

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For A2 learners, '정교하다' is a great 'challenge word' to add to your vocabulary to sound more advanced. You might use it when visiting a museum or looking at a cool gadget. At this level, you should know that it's a descriptive verb (adjective). You can use it in simple sentences like '이 시계는 정교해요' (This watch is exquisite). It's better than '좋아요' (It's good) because it explains *why* it's good—because it has many fine details. You can also use '정교한' before a noun, like '정교한 인형' (an exquisite doll). Think of it as 'detailed' but in a positive, high-quality way. If you see a beautiful piece of traditional Korean jewelry, using this word will make Koreans very impressed with your vocabulary! It's specifically for things that people make with their hands or with high technology.

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At the B1 level, you should start using '정교하다' to describe not just physical objects, but also more abstract things like '기술' (technology) or '계획' (plans). You are moving beyond simple descriptions and starting to talk about quality. For example, '이 게임은 그래픽이 정말 정교해요' (This game's graphics are really sophisticated). You should also be comfortable using the adverb form '정교하게' (exquisitely/precisely). For instance, '정교하게 만들어진 기계' (a machine made exquisitely). You should understand that this word implies a high level of skill (솜씨). It's a key word for discussing hobbies like model-making, professional work like engineering, or appreciating art. You should also begin to distinguish it from '복잡하다' (complex), which can be negative, whereas '정교하다' is almost always a compliment.

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At the B2 level, you are expected to use '정교하다' fluently in various contexts. You should understand its nuance in academic and professional settings. For example, you might use it to describe a '정교한 이론' (a sophisticated theory) or '정교한 분석' (a precise analysis). You should be able to use it to discuss the quality of a literary work's plot or the precision of a scientific experiment. At this level, you should also be aware of its Hanja roots (精巧) to help you remember its meaning. You should be able to use the nominalized form '정교함' (exquisiteness) in sentences like '이 작품의 정교함에 놀랐다' (I was surprised by the exquisiteness of this work). You should also know when *not* to use it, such as for simple information (where '자세하다' is better) or for a person's character (where '치밀하다' is better).

For C1 learners, '정교하다' is a tool for precise expression in formal writing and high-level debate. You should use it to describe the intricate workings of societal systems, legal frameworks, or philosophical arguments. For instance, '현대 사회의 정교한 경제 시스템' (The sophisticated economic system of modern society). You should be able to appreciate the subtle differences between '정교하다,' '섬세하다,' and '치밀하다' and choose the perfect one for the context. In a C1 level essay, you might use '정교하다' to critique a film's narrative structure or to praise the engineering of a new architectural marvel. You should also be familiar with idiomatic or semi-idiomatic pairings like '정교한 조각' (exquisite carving) or '정교한 논리' (sophisticated logic). Your usage should reflect an understanding of the word's inherent praise for human intellect and craftsmanship.

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At the C2 level, you use '정교하다' with the nuance of a native speaker, often in highly specialized or literary contexts. You might use it to describe the '정교한 메커니즘' (exquisite mechanism) of biological processes or the '정교한 수사법' (sophisticated rhetoric) used in a classic speech. You understand that '정교하다' can sometimes carry a double edge in literature—for example, describing a '정교한 함정' (an elaborate trap) or a '정교한 위조품' (a sophisticated forgery), where the skill is admired even if the purpose is nefarious. You can use the word to engage in deep aesthetic or technical discussions, perhaps comparing the '정교함' of different historical eras or technological paradigms. Your command of the word allows you to use it effortlessly in both its most concrete (microchips) and most abstract (metaphysical theories) senses, always choosing the correct surrounding vocabulary to maximize its impact.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

정교하다 در ۳۰ ثانیه

Used to describe high-quality craftsmanship and technical precision in physical objects.
Applies to sophisticated theories, logical systems, and elaborate plans or strategies.
Carries a positive connotation of expert skill, dedication, and flawlessness.
Commonly heard in museums, tech reviews, academic settings, and luxury marketing.

The Korean adjective 정교하다 (精巧--) is a sophisticated term that translates most accurately to 'exquisite,' 'sophisticated,' 'elaborate,' or 'fine-tuned.' Derived from the Hanja roots 精 (정) meaning 'refined' or 'essence' and 巧 (교) meaning 'skillful' or 'clever,' the word encapsulates the pinnacle of human craftsmanship and intellectual rigor. When you describe something as 정교하다, you are not merely saying it is 'good' or 'nice'; you are acknowledging a level of detail so high that it borders on the miraculous. This word is frequently used in three primary domains: physical craftsmanship (like jewelry or machinery), intellectual constructs (like theories or legal systems), and technological advancements (like algorithms or microchips).

Physical Craftsmanship: This refers to objects where every tiny part is perfectly placed. Imagine a Swiss watch where hundreds of microscopic gears move in perfect harmony. You would say, '시계의 부품들이 정말 정교하네요' (The parts of the watch are truly exquisite).

박물관에서 본 신라 시대의 금관은 무척 정교하다.

Translation: The gold crown from the Silla Dynasty that I saw at the museum is very exquisite.

In the realm of logic and theory, 정교하다 describes a system that has no loopholes. If a scientist proposes a new theory that accounts for every possible variable and explains complex phenomena with precision, it is described as 정교한 이론 (a sophisticated theory). This implies that the logic is tight, well-structured, and meticulously thought out. It is often contrasted with '엉성하다' (sloppy or loose), which describes something poorly put together.

Technological Precision: In modern Korean, this word is the standard for describing high-tech equipment. A '정교한 센서' (sophisticated sensor) or '정교한 수술 로봇' (elaborate surgical robot) highlights the technological superiority and reliability of the device.

이 알고리즘은 사용자의 취향을 정교하게 분석합니다.

Translation: This algorithm elaborately analyzes the user's preferences.

Culturally, Koreans value the concept of '정성' (sincerity/devotion). 정교하다 is often the visible result of someone's devotion to their craft. Whether it is a master carpenter carving a door or a programmer writing clean, efficient code, the word honors the effort and skill required to reach such a level of perfection. It suggests that the creator did not cut any corners.

Artistic Detail: In art criticism, this word is used to describe paintings or sculptures with fine lines and realistic details. A painting where you can see every individual strand of hair would be called 정교하다.

조각상의 표정이 아주 정교하다.

Translation: The expression on the statue is very sophisticated/detailed.

그의 거짓말은 너무 정교해서 아무도 의심하지 않았다.

Translation: His lie was so elaborate that no one suspected it.

이 기계는 매우 정교한 공정을 거쳐 만들어집니다.

Translation: This machine is made through a very sophisticated process.

Mastering 정교하다 requires understanding its grammatical flexibility as a descriptive verb (adjective). Because it ends in '-하다', it follows standard conjugation rules, but its usage is most common in written reports, academic papers, and formal descriptions. However, in spoken Korean, it adds a touch of intellectualism to your speech. Let's break down the various ways to integrate this word into your Korean repertoire, focusing on different levels of formality and grammatical structures.

As a Direct Modifier (Noun + Adjective): To describe a noun directly, change '정교하다' to '정교한'. This is the most frequent usage. Example: 정교한 시계 (an exquisite watch). It places the emphasis on the quality of the object itself.

그 작가는 정교한 묘사로 유명합니다.

Translation: That author is famous for elaborate descriptions.

When you want to describe *how* something is being done, you turn the adjective into an adverb: 정교하게. This is essential when talking about manufacturing, planning, or creating. For instance, '정교하게 설계되다' (to be sophisticatedly designed) or '정교하게 다듬다' (to refine something exquisitely). This form highlights the process and the skill of the actor.

Sentence Ending (Predicate Form): In polite speech, you use '정교해요'. In formal settings, '정교합니다'. This is used to state a fact about an object or idea after observing it. Example: '이 무늬는 정말 정교하네요!' (This pattern is truly exquisite!).

최신 스마트폰의 내부 구조는 매우 정교합니다.

Translation: The internal structure of the latest smartphone is very sophisticated.

Another advanced usage involves the causative or passive forms. While '정교하다' itself is an adjective, you often see it in contexts like '정교함을 더하다' (to add sophistication). This is common in marketing, where a company might claim to 'add sophistication to their design.' Understanding how to nominalize the word into '정교함' (exquisiteness/sophistication) allows for more abstract sentence structures.

Comparative and Superlative Use: You can use '더' (more) or '가장' (most) to compare objects. '더 정교한 기술' (more sophisticated technology). This is vital in competitive contexts like tech reviews or art competitions.

이전 모델보다 훨씬 더 정교해졌습니다.

Translation: It has become much more sophisticated than the previous model.

현미경으로 보면 정교한 세포 구조를 볼 수 있다.

Translation: If you look through a microscope, you can see the elaborate cell structure.

그의 정교한 손놀림에 모두가 감탄했다.

Translation: Everyone was amazed at his exquisite hand movements.

While 정교하다 is a B2-level word, it is surprisingly pervasive in specific environments in South Korea. If you are a fan of Korean documentaries, technology news, or historical dramas (Sageuks), you will encounter this word frequently. It is the language of expertise and high quality. Let's explore the specific social and professional contexts where this word is most at home.

Technology and IT Sector: Korea is a global tech hub, and '정교하다' is the favorite word of tech journalists. When Samsung or LG releases a new device, reviewers will discuss the '정교한 디스플레이' (sophisticated display) or '정교한 내부 설계' (elaborate internal design). It is used to justify a high price point by highlighting the engineering excellence.

반도체 제조 과정은 매우 정교한 기술을 필요로 합니다.

Translation: The semiconductor manufacturing process requires very sophisticated technology.

In Museums and Art Galleries, docents use this word to describe artifacts. Korea has a rich history of metalwork and ceramics (like Goryeo Celadon). You will hear, '이 청자의 문양은 매우 정교하게 새겨져 있습니다' (The patterns on this celadon are very exquisitely engraved). Here, it carries a sense of national pride in traditional craftsmanship.

Scientific and Academic Discourse: In university lectures or research papers, scholars use '정교하다' to describe research methodologies or logical frameworks. A '정교한 가설' (a sophisticated hypothesis) is one that has been carefully constructed to withstand scrutiny. It is a high compliment in the academic world.

연구팀은 정교한 실험 설계를 통해 데이터를 수집했다.

Translation: The research team collected data through a sophisticated experimental design.

In the Beauty and Plastic Surgery industry—huge in Korea—you might hear about '정교한 시술' (sophisticated procedures). It emphasizes the precision and safety of the medical work, reassuring the client that the results will be natural and detailed. It is a keyword in marketing high-end services.

Legal and Political Systems: When discussing new laws or policies, commentators might argue that the '법망이 정교하지 못하다' (the legal net is not sophisticated enough), meaning there are loopholes that people can exploit. A '정교한 법' is one that is detailed and leaves no room for misinterpretation.

이 소설의 플롯은 거미줄처럼 정교하다.

Translation: The plot of this novel is as elaborate as a spider's web.

그녀는 정교한 자수 기술을 보유하고 있다.

Translation: She possesses exquisite embroidery skills.

우주선 발사는 매우 정교한 계산이 필요하다.

Translation: Launching a spacecraft requires very precise calculations.

Even advanced learners often stumble when choosing between 정교하다 and other similar-sounding or similar-meaning words. Because Korean has a rich vocabulary for 'detail' and 'complexity,' using the wrong word can slightly change your meaning or make you sound less natural. Here are the most common pitfalls to avoid when using 정교하다.

Mistake 1: Using it for 'Complicated' (Negative): Learners often confuse '정교하다' with '복잡하다' (complex/complicated). While both describe things with many parts, '복잡하다' is neutral or negative (like a messy room or a traffic jam). '정교하다' is always positive, implying order and skill. If you say '교통이 정교하다,' people will be very confused because traffic is messy, not skillfully crafted.

[Wrong] 이 수학 문제는 너무 정교해서 못 풀겠어요.

Correction: Use '복잡해서' (because it's complicated/messy). Use '정교해서' only if you are praising the beauty of the problem's logic.

Another common mistake is confusing it with '자세하다' (detailed). '자세하다' is used for information or explanations. If you want to say 'Please explain in detail,' you say '자세히 설명해 주세요.' If you say '정교하게 설명해 주세요,' it sounds like you want them to explain in a way that is a work of art or a complex scientific theory, which is unnatural for a simple request.

Mistake 2: Confusing with '치밀하다' (Meticulous): '치밀하다' (meticulous) focuses on the *planning* and the lack of gaps. It is often used for a person's character or a plan (like a crime or a business strategy). '정교하다' focuses on the *result* or the object. You have a '치밀한 계획' (meticulous plan) which results in a '정교한 결과물' (sophisticated result).

범인은 매우 치밀한 계획을 세웠다.

Translation: The criminal made a very meticulous plan. (Using '정교한' here would focus more on the complexity of the plan's structure than the criminal's thoroughness).

Finally, avoid using '정교하다' for people directly. You can say someone has '정교한 기술' (exquisite skill), but you cannot say '그 사람은 정교하다' (That person is exquisite). To describe a person who is meticulous or precise, use '꼼꼼하다' or '치밀하다'. '정교하다' is strictly for objects, systems, theories, and skills.

Mistake 3: Overusing it for simple things: Because '정교하다' is a high-level word, using it for everyday simple tasks makes you sound overly dramatic or sarcastic. Don't use it for a sandwich you made or a simple doodle. It requires a level of complexity that warrants the term 'sophisticated'.

이 기계의 정교함은 타의 추종을 불허한다.

Translation: The sophistication of this machine is unrivaled.

그의 논리는 빈틈없이 정교하다.

Translation: His logic is flawlessly sophisticated.

인간의 뇌는 세상에서 가장 정교한 컴퓨터다.

Translation: The human brain is the most sophisticated computer in the world.

To truly master 정교하다, you must understand its neighbors in the Korean language. Synonyms often share a core meaning but differ in 'register' (formality) or 'nuance' (specific flavor). By learning these alternatives, you can tailor your speech to be more precise and natural. Here is a comparison of words often grouped with 정교하다.

정교하다 vs. 세밀하다 (Detailed/Minute): 세밀하다 (細密--) focuses on the 'smallness' and 'thoroughness' of the details. While '정교하다' emphasizes the skill and the finished product's quality, '세밀하다' is more about not missing any tiny part. Example: A '세밀한 관찰' (minute observation) vs. a '정교한 시계' (exquisite watch).

Another close relative is 섬세하다 (纖細--). This word is often translated as 'delicate' or 'fine.' It is frequently used for emotions, artistic touches, or feminine beauty. If a man's touch in painting is very light and beautiful, you would say '섬세하다.' If it is technically perfect and complex, you would say '정교하다.' 섬세하다 has a more emotional, soft nuance, while 정교하다 feels more technical and hard-edged.

정교하다 vs. 치밀하다 (Meticulous/Dense): As mentioned before, 치밀하다 (緻密--) is about the 'density' of the logic or the plan. It implies there are no gaps (빈틈이 없다). '정교하다' is about the 'skill' (솜씨). A detective's reasoning is '치밀하다,' while a master's wood carving is '정교하다'.

그 장인의 손길은 매우 정교하다.

Translation: That craftsman's touch is very exquisite.

For modern technology, you might see 첨단 (尖端), which means 'state-of-the-art.' While not a direct synonym, '첨단 기술' (cutting-edge technology) is almost always '정교하다.' If you want to emphasize that something is the latest and most advanced, use '첨단.' If you want to emphasize how beautifully and precisely it is made, use '정교하다.'

정교하다 vs. 고도화되다 (To be Advanced): In business and tech, 고도화되다 (高度化--) is used when a system becomes more advanced or high-level. A '정교한 시스템' is a system that is already sophisticated. Use '고도화' when talking about the *evolution* of the system.

이 기법은 매우 세련되고 정교하다.

Translation: This technique is very refined (sophisticated in style) and exquisite (sophisticated in detail).

그의 분석은 날카롭고 정교하다.

Translation: His analysis is sharp and sophisticated.

이 조각은 정교함의 극치를 보여준다.

Translation: This sculpture shows the height of exquisiteness.

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

The character 精 (정) also appears in '정신' (spirit/mind), suggesting that 정교하다 implies putting one's very spirit into the work.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK t͡ɕʌ̹ŋ.ɡjo.ɦa.da

US t͡ʃʌŋ.ɡjo.hɑ.dɑ

The primary stress is on the first syllable '정', with a slight secondary stress on '교'.

هم‌قافیه با

교묘하다 (gyomyohada) 오묘하다 (omyohada) 기묘하다 (gimyohada) 단조롭다 (danjoropda - partial rhyme) 화려하다 (hwaryeohada) 지루하다 (jiruhada) 기도하다 (gidohada) 사고하다 (sagohada)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing '정' as '종' (jong). Keep the 'eo' vowel open.
Pronouncing '교' as '고' (go). Don't forget the 'y' glide.
Aspirating the 'g' in '교' too much. It should be a soft 'g', not a 'k'.
Dropping the 'h' in '하다' during fast speech, which is common but can sound sloppy in formal settings.
Confusing the 'ng' sound in '정' with a simple 'n' sound.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 4/5

Common in news and books, but requires knowledge of Hanja-based nuances.

نوشتن 4/5

Requires understanding of when to use it versus '자세하다' or '치밀하다'.

صحبت کردن 3/5

Sounds very natural in formal or appreciative contexts.

گوش دادن 3/5

Clearly pronounced, but often used in fast-paced tech or news reports.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

예쁘다 (Pretty) 좋다 (Good) 만들다 (Make) 기술 (Technology) 복잡하다 (Complex)

بعداً یاد بگیرید

정밀하다 (Precise) 섬세하다 (Delicate) 치밀하다 (Meticulous) 첨단 (State-of-the-art) 메커니즘 (Mechanism)

پیشرفته

정교화 가능성 모델 (Elaboration Likelihood Model) 정교무비 (Incomparably exquisite) 교묘하다 (Artful/Cunning)

گرامر لازم

-하다 Adjectives

정교하다 -> 정교해요 / 정교합니다

Adjective to Noun (-함)

정교하다 -> 정교함

Adjective to Adverb (-하게)

정교하다 -> 정교하게

Noun Modifier (-ㄴ/은)

정교하다 -> 정교한

Causative/Passive Contexts

정교화하다 (To make sophisticated)

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

이 시계는 아주 정교해요.

This watch is very exquisite/detailed.

Simple adjective use at the end of a sentence.

정교한 장난감이 있어요.

There is an exquisite toy.

Adjective modifying a noun (정교한 + Noun).

그림이 정말 정교해요.

The painting is really detailed/fine.

Using '정말' (really) to emphasize the adjective.

정교한 반지를 샀어요.

I bought an exquisite ring.

Past tense verb with a modified noun.

로봇이 정교하게 움직여요.

The robot moves exquisitely/precisely.

Adverbial form (정교하게) modifying a verb.

이것은 정교한 기술이에요.

This is a sophisticated technology.

Standard 'A is B' structure.

꽃 모양이 아주 정교해요.

The flower shape is very exquisite.

Subject + Adjective.

정교한 무늬가 예뻐요.

The exquisite pattern is pretty.

Adjective modifying a subject noun.

박물관에 정교한 유물이 많아요.

There are many exquisite artifacts in the museum.

Location particle '에' + Existential '많아요'.

이 카메라는 정교하게 만들어졌어요.

This camera was made exquisitely.

Passive voice '만들어지다' with adverb.

정교한 손재주가 필요해요.

Exquisite dexterity (hand skill) is needed.

Noun '손재주' modified by '정교한'.

그의 설명은 정교하고 정확해요.

His explanation is sophisticated and accurate.

Connecting two adjectives with '-고'.

이 옷은 자수가 아주 정교하네요.

The embroidery on this clothing is very exquisite, I see.

Exclamatory ending '-네요'.

정교한 지도가 필요합니다.

A sophisticated/detailed map is needed.

Formal ending '-합니다'.

이 요리는 정교한 과정이 있어요.

This dish has a sophisticated process.

Describing a process (과정).

컴퓨터 부품이 참 정교하군요.

The computer parts are truly sophisticated.

Exclamatory ending '-군요'.

최신 스마트폰은 기능이 매우 정교합니다.

Modern smartphones have very sophisticated functions.

Focusing on '기능' (function) as the subject.

작가는 인물의 심리를 정교하게 묘사했다.

The author described the character's psychology exquisitely.

Using '정교하게' for literary description.

이 기계는 정교한 부품들로 이루어져 있다.

This machine is composed of exquisite parts.

Structure '-로 이루어져 있다' (be composed of).

정교한 분석 덕분에 문제를 해결했다.

Thanks to a sophisticated analysis, the problem was solved.

Noun + '덕분에' (thanks to).

그의 거짓말은 너무 정교해서 속기 쉽다.

His lie is so elaborate that it's easy to be fooled.

Cause and effect '-어서' + '기 쉽다' (easy to...).

이 조각품의 정교함에 감탄하지 않을 수 없다.

One cannot help but admire the exquisiteness of this sculpture.

Double negative '-지 않을 수 없다' (cannot help but).

전문가는 정교한 도구를 사용하여 작업한다.

Experts work using sophisticated tools.

Using '사용하여' (using) to describe a method.

이 건물은 정교한 설계 과정을 거쳤습니다.

This building went through a sophisticated design process.

Structure '과정을 거치다' (go through a process).

이 이론은 정교한 논리 체계를 갖추고 있다.

This theory possesses a sophisticated logical system.

Structure '체계를 갖추다' (possess/equip a system).

정교하게 설계된 알고리즘이 정보를 분류한다.

A sophisticatedly designed algorithm categorizes information.

Passive modifier '설계된' with adverb '정교하게'.

현미경으로 정교한 세포의 구조를 관찰했다.

I observed the elaborate structure of the cell through a microscope.

Scientific context usage.

그의 연주는 정교한 테크닉이 돋보였다.

His performance stood out with its sophisticated technique.

Verb '돋보이다' (stand out).

정교한 위조지폐를 감별하는 것은 어렵다.

It is difficult to distinguish sophisticated counterfeit bills.

Gerund '-하는 것은' as a subject.

이 소프트웨어는 사용자 요구를 정교하게 반영한다.

This software sophisticatedly reflects user needs.

Business/Tech context usage.

고대인들은 정교한 천문 관측 기술을 가졌다.

Ancient people had sophisticated astronomical observation technology.

Historical/Academic context.

정교한 묘사 덕분에 현장감이 느껴진다.

Thanks to the elaborate description, I feel a sense of being there.

Abstract noun '현장감' (sense of presence).

현대 외교는 매우 정교한 협상 전략을 요한다.

Modern diplomacy requires very sophisticated negotiation strategies.

Verb '요하다' (require) in a formal context.

그 철학자의 사상은 정교한 비판적 분석을 거쳤다.

The philosopher's thought underwent a sophisticated critical analysis.

Passive structure '분석을 거치다'.

정교하게 짜인 법망을 빠져나가기는 쉽지 않다.

It is not easy to escape through a sophisticatedly woven legal net.

Metaphorical use of '짜이다' (be woven).

이 작품은 정교한 구성과 깊은 주제 의식을 담고 있다.

This work contains a sophisticated composition and a deep thematic consciousness.

Literary criticism terminology.

생태계는 정교한 균형을 유지하며 존재한다.

The ecosystem exists while maintaining a sophisticated balance.

Adverbial clause '-하며' (while doing).

정교한 수술 로봇 덕분에 생존율이 높아졌다.

Survival rates have increased thanks to sophisticated surgical robots.

Medical/Tech terminology.

그의 논리는 정교하다 못해 경이롭기까지 하다.

His logic is more than just sophisticated; it's even marvelous.

Structure '-다 못해' (beyond...).

정교한 데이터 모델링은 미래 예측의 핵심이다.

Sophisticated data modeling is the key to future predictions.

Formal definition-style sentence.

우주의 탄생 원리는 정교한 물리 법칙에 기반한다.

The principles of the universe's birth are based on sophisticated physical laws.

Verb '기반하다' (be based on).

그 정교한 수사법 이면에 숨겨진 의도를 파악해야 한다.

One must grasp the intention hidden behind that sophisticated rhetoric.

Noun '수사법' (rhetoric) and '이면' (the back/hidden side).

인간의 언어 능력은 뇌의 정교한 기제에 의해 작동한다.

Human language ability operates by the brain's sophisticated mechanism.

Noun '기제' (mechanism) and passive '의해'.

이 고전 소설은 정교한 복선을 통해 반전을 꾀한다.

This classic novel aims for a twist through sophisticated foreshadowing.

Noun '복선' (foreshadowing) and '꾀하다' (aim/plot).

정교한 미시적 분석이 거시적 담론을 뒷받침한다.

Sophisticated microscopic analysis supports the macroscopic discourse.

Contrast between '미시적' (micro) and '거시적' (macro).

예술가는 정교한 필치로 인간의 고뇌를 형상화했다.

The artist embodied human anguish with exquisite brushstrokes.

Noun '필치' (brushstroke) and '형상화하다' (embody/shape).

정교한 알고리즘의 편향성은 사회적 논란을 야기한다.

The bias of sophisticated algorithms causes social controversy.

Noun '편향성' (bias) and '야기하다' (cause).

그 보고서는 정교한 통계 기법을 활용하여 신뢰도를 높였다.

The report increased its reliability by utilizing sophisticated statistical techniques.

Verb '활용하여' (utilizing).

مترادف‌ها

섬세하다 치밀하다 세밀하다 교묘하다

متضادها

허술하다 단순하다 조잡하다

ترکیب‌های رایج

정교한 기술

정교한 시계

정교한 이론

정교한 분석

정교한 조각

정교한 묘사

정교한 설계

정교한 수법

정교한 알고리즘

정교한 솜씨

عبارات رایج

정교하게 다듬다

— To refine or polish something exquisitely. It implies making small, careful adjustments to reach perfection.

그는 원고를 정교하게 다듬었다.

정교함을 자랑하다

— To boast of exquisiteness. Used when an object's quality is its main selling point.

이 제품은 세계 최고의 정교함을 자랑합니다.

정교하게 짜이다

— To be exquisitely woven or structured. Often used for plots or social systems.

영화의 스토리가 정교하게 짜여 있다.

정교한 맛

— A sophisticated taste. Used for complex flavors in high-end cuisine.

이 와인은 정교한 맛의 조화를 보여준다.

정교한 조작

— Sophisticated manipulation or operation. Used for machinery or sometimes social engineering.

기계의 정교한 조작이 필요하다.

정교한 눈썰미

— An exquisite eye for detail. Having a sharp ability to notice fine things.

그녀는 정교한 눈썰미를 가졌다.

정교하게 가공하다

— To process or manufacture exquisitely.

보석을 정교하게 가공했다.

정교한 균형

— A sophisticated balance. A state where many complex parts are in perfect equilibrium.

자연은 정교한 균형을 이룬다.

정교한 계산

— Precise and sophisticated calculation.

정교한 계산 끝에 결론을 내렸다.

정교한 위조

— A sophisticated forgery. A fake that is hard to tell from the original.

정교한 위조품이 발견되었다.

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

정교하다 vs 복잡하다

Negative/Neutral (messy complexity) vs. Positive (skillful complexity).

정교하다 vs 자세하다

Information detail vs. Craftsmanship/Logic detail.

정교하다 vs 치밀하다

Meticulous character/planning vs. Exquisite result/skill.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"정교함의 극치"

— The height of exquisiteness. Used to describe the absolute best example of craftsmanship.

이 불상은 정교함의 극치를 보여준다.

Formal/Literary

"거미줄처럼 정교하다"

— As elaborate as a spider's web. Usually describes a network or a plot.

그들의 정보망은 거미줄처럼 정교하다.

Neutral

"톱니바퀴처럼 정교하게 맞물리다"

— To fit together exquisitely like gears. Used for teamwork or a logical system.

우리 팀의 협력은 톱니바퀴처럼 정교하게 맞물린다.

Neutral

"빈틈없이 정교하다"

— To be sophisticated without any gaps. Emphasizes perfection.

그의 논리는 빈틈없이 정교하다.

Formal

"살아 있는 듯 정교하다"

— So exquisite that it looks alive. Used for statues or realistic paintings.

조각상이 살아 있는 듯 정교하다.

Literary

"정교한 덫을 놓다"

— To set an elaborate trap. Can be literal or metaphorical (like in a game).

그는 경쟁자에게 정교한 덫을 놓았다.

Neutral

"정교한 수 싸움"

— A sophisticated battle of wits (moves). Often used in Go (Baduk) or chess.

두 선수의 정교한 수 싸움이 계속되었다.

Neutral

"정교하게 설계된 운명"

— An exquisitely designed fate. A poetic way to describe a series of coincidences.

그들의 만남은 정교하게 설계된 운명 같았다.

Poetic

"신이 내린 정교함"

— God-given exquisiteness. Extreme praise for natural beauty or human skill.

인체의 신비는 신이 내린 정교함이다.

Formal/Literary

"정교한 마무리를 하다"

— To do an exquisite finishing touch.

그는 작품의 정교한 마무리를 위해 밤을 새웠다.

Neutral

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

정교하다 vs 섬세하다

Both mean 'detailed'.

'섬세하다' is delicate and emotional; '정교하다' is technical and precise.

섬세한 감정 (Delicate emotion) vs. 정교한 기계 (Exquisite machine).

정교하다 vs 정밀하다

Both imply high precision.

'정밀하다' is more technical/scientific (measurements); '정교하다' is more about the skill/craft.

정밀한 측정 (Precise measurement) vs. 정교한 조각 (Exquisite carving).

정교하다 vs 세밀하다

Both mean 'detailed'.

'세밀하다' is about not missing any tiny part; '정교하다' is about the high quality of the build.

세밀한 묘사 (Minute description) vs. 정교한 시계 (Exquisite watch).

정교하다 vs 교묘하다

Both share the 'Gyo' (skill) Hanja.

'교묘하다' often implies trickery or being 'slyly' clever.

교묘한 거짓말 (A clever/sly lie).

정교하다 vs 치밀하다

Both describe logical systems.

'치밀하다' means no gaps (dense); '정교하다' means sophisticated/elaborate.

치밀한 계획 (A meticulous plan).

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

이 [Noun]은/는 정말 정교해요.

이 인형은 정말 정교해요.

[Noun]을/를 정교하게 만들다.

모형 배를 정교하게 만들었다.

정교한 [Noun]이/가 필요하다.

정교한 지도가 필요하다.

[Noun]의 정교함에 놀라다.

작품의 정교함에 놀랐다.

정교하게 설계된 [Noun].

정교하게 설계된 시스템.

[Noun]은/는 정교한 논리를 바탕으로 한다.

그 주장은 정교한 논리를 바탕으로 한다.

정교한 [Noun]을/를 요하다.

정교한 기술을 요한다.

정교함의 극치를 보여주다.

이 자수는 정교함의 극치를 보여준다.

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

정교함 (Exquisiteness/Sophistication)

정교성 (Sophistication/Precision quality)

فعل‌ها

정교화하다 (To sophisticate/To elaborate)

정교화되다 (To be sophisticated/To be elaborated)

صفت‌ها

정교하다 (Exquisite/Sophisticated)

مرتبط

정밀 (Precision)

정교 (Sophistication)

기술 (Technology/Skill)

솜씨 (Skill/Dexterity)

섬세 (Delicacy)

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نحوه استفاده

frequency

High in professional/media contexts; Moderate in daily speech.

اشتباهات رایج

이 문제는 너무 정교해서 못 풀겠어요. → 이 문제는 너무 복잡해서 못 풀겠어요.
'정교하다' is for skillful detail, '복잡하다' is for confusing complexity.
그 사람은 아주 정교해요. → 그 사람은 아주 치밀해요 / 꼼꼼해요.
You cannot describe a person's character as '정교하다'.
정교하게 설명해 주세요. → 자세하게 설명해 주세요.
'정교하게' is for making things; '자세하게' is for giving info.
교통이 정교해서 늦었어요. → 교통이 복잡해서 늦었어요.
Traffic isn't 'exquisitely crafted'; it's just messy.
정교한 옷을 입었어요. → 세련된 옷을 입었어요.
Unless the clothes have complex embroidery, '세련된' (stylish) is better for fashion.

نکات

Pair with 'Craft' verbs

Always pair '정교하게' with verbs like '만들다', '설계하다', or '조각하다' for the best natural flow.

Positive Complexity

Use it to turn a 'complex' (복잡한) situation into a 'sophisticated' (정교한) one when giving a compliment.

Hanja Help

Remembering 'Gyo' (巧) as 'skill' will help you understand words like '교묘하다' and '기교' as well.

Exclamations

Using '정교하네요!' when seeing a friend's detailed hobby work (like a model or embroidery) is a top-tier compliment.

Formal Reports

Use '정교한 분석' in business reports to show that your work was thorough and professional.

Tech Commercials

Watch Korean tech ads; you will hear this word almost every time they talk about a camera or a processor.

Don't use for people

If you call a person '정교하다', it sounds like you are calling them a robot or a doll. Use '치밀하다' for their mind.

Professionalism

In a corporate setting, '정교화' (sophistication) refers to improving a process to be more efficient and detailed.

Visual Cues

Associate the word with the tiny, interlocking parts of a high-end mechanical watch.

Adjective Ending

Remember it's an adjective, so it doesn't take an object directly unless you change it to '정교화하다'.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of a 'Jeweler' (정) who is 'Gyo-ing' (교) through a magnifying glass. The 'Jeweler' (정) uses 'Gyo' (skill) to make something 'Jung-Gyo' (Exquisite).

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a Swiss watch with its hundreds of tiny, shiny gears moving perfectly. That visual is the definition of '정교하다'.

شبکه واژگان

Watch Microchip Jewelry Logic Algorithm Embroidery Surgery Theory

چالش

Try to find one thing in your room right now that is '정교하다'. Is it your phone's screen? The pattern on your shirt? Describe it in Korean using '정교한'.

ریشه کلمه

Derived from the Hanja 精巧 (정교). 精 (정) means 'refined,' 'essence,' or 'spirit.' 巧 (교) means 'skillful,' 'clever,' or 'artful.' Together, they describe something refined through great skill.

معنای اصلی: In ancient texts, it referred to superior craftsmanship, particularly in metalwork or weaving that surpassed ordinary human ability.

Sino-Korean (Hanja-based vocabulary).

بافت فرهنگی

There are no major sensitivities, but avoid using it for simple or low-effort items as it can sound patronizing or sarcastic.

English speakers might use 'sophisticated' for both people and things. In Korean, '정교하다' is only for things/skills. For a sophisticated person, use '세련된 사람'.

The 'Seokguram Grotto' is often described as '정교하다' for its mathematical precision. The 'Gyeongcheonsa Pagoda' is a prime example of '정교한' stone carving. K-Dramas like 'Stranger' (비밀의 숲) are praised for their '정교한 각본' (sophisticated script).

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

At a Museum

정교한 조각이네요.
정말 정교하게 만들어졌어요.
무늬가 참 정교합니다.
정교함의 극치입니다.

Tech Review

정교한 알고리즘.
내부 설계가 정교하다.
정교한 센서 기술.
정교한 마감이 돋보인다.

Academic Discussion

정교한 이론적 배경.
실험 설계가 정교하다.
정교한 분석 기법.
논리가 정교하게 짜여 있다.

Art Class

정교한 필치.
정교하게 묘사하다.
선의 표현이 정교하다.
정교한 손놀림.

Crime Story/Game

정교한 트릭.
정교한 알리바이.
정교한 함정.
정교한 범죄 수법.

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"이 스마트폰의 디자인이 참 정교하지 않나요? (Don't you think the design of this smartphone is very sophisticated?)"

"박물관에서 가장 정교하다고 생각한 유물은 뭐예요? (What artifact did you think was the most exquisite at the museum?)"

"이 소설의 반전이 정말 정교하게 계획된 것 같아요. (I think the twist in this novel was really sophisticatedly planned.)"

"정교한 기술이 우리 삶을 어떻게 바꿀까요? (How will sophisticated technology change our lives?)"

"손재주가 좋으시네요! 작품이 정말 정교해요. (You're very handy! Your work is really exquisite.)"

موضوعات نگارش

내가 본 물건 중에서 가장 정교했던 것은 무엇인가? (What is the most exquisite thing I have ever seen?)

정교한 기술이 인간의 일자리를 대신할 수 있을까? (Can sophisticated technology replace human jobs?)

나의 업무나 공부를 더 정교하게 만들기 위해 무엇이 필요한가? (What is needed to make my work or study more sophisticated?)

자연에서 발견할 수 있는 정교한 디자인에 대해 써보자. (Write about the sophisticated designs found in nature.)

정교한 거짓말과 단순한 진실 중 무엇이 더 힘이 셀까? (Which is more powerful: an elaborate lie or a simple truth?)

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

No, '정교하다' is used for objects, systems, or skills. To describe a meticulous person, use '꼼꼼하다' or '치밀하다'.

Generally, yes. It praises skill. However, it can be used for negative things like '정교한 범죄' (an elaborate crime) to acknowledge the skill involved, even if the act is bad.

'정교한' is for physical or logical structure (exquisite). '자세한' is for information or instructions (detailed). You ask for a '자세한 설명' (detailed explanation).

Use '세련되다'. For example, '세련된 스타일' (sophisticated style).

Yes, for high-end cuisine where the presentation or flavor profile is very complex and skillfully done. '정교한 요리'.

It is less common than '예쁘다' or '좋다', but very common when discussing hobbies, tech, or art. It makes you sound more educated.

精 (정 - refined) and 巧 (교 - skillful).

Only if the drawing is surprisingly detailed for its size. Otherwise, it might sound sarcastic.

It implies accuracy, but '정확하다' is the direct word for 'accurate'. '정교하다' is more about the 'elaborateness'.

'정교하게' (exquisitely/precisely).

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