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A2 noun خنثی #8,000 پرکاربردترین 2 دقیقه مطالعه

공과금

gonggageum [ko̞ːŋgwa̠k͈ɯm]
تمرین کن

Overview

The term '공과금' (gong-gwa-geum) in Korean broadly refers to utility bills and charges for public services. It's a compound word derived from '공' (gong), meaning public, and '과금' (gwa-geum), meaning charges or fees. Essentially, it encompasses the regular payments households and businesses make for essential services provided by public or quasi-public entities.

Key components typically covered by '공과금' include:

  1. 1Electricity Bill (전기요금 - jeon-gi-yo-geum): This is the cost for electricity consumption, usually billed monthly by companies like Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO). The charges often vary based on consumption tiers, with higher rates for increased usage to encourage energy conservation.
  1. 1Water Bill (수도요금 - su-do-yo-geum): This covers the cost of water supply and sewage treatment. Local municipal governments are typically responsible for billing and managing water services. Like electricity, water charges can also be tiered.
  1. 1Gas Bill (가스요금 - ga-seu-yo-geum): This refers to charges for natural gas used for heating, cooking, and hot water. Gas bills are usually issued by regional gas companies, and the rates can fluctuate with international energy prices and seasonal demand.
  1. 1Heating Bill (난방비 - nan-bang-bi): While often included in the gas bill if using individual gas boilers, in apartment complexes with central heating systems, this might be a separate charge. These charges are usually significantly higher during the colder winter months.
  1. 1Waste Management Fee (쓰레기봉투값 - sseu-re-gi-bong-tu-kkap or 폐기물 수수료 - pye-gi-mul su-su-ryo): While not always directly a 'bill' in the same sense as electricity or water, the cost of designated trash bags (쓰레기봉투) is a mandatory public service charge for waste disposal. Some areas might also have separate fees for large item disposal or recycling.

Paying '공과금' is a fundamental aspect of managing household finances in Korea. These bills can typically be paid through various methods, including bank transfers, automatic debits, online payment platforms, convenience stores, or at designated kiosks. Understanding and budgeting for these essential expenses is crucial for residents in Korea.

مثال‌ها

1

이번 달 공과금이 너무 많이 나왔어요.

생활비 (living expenses)

The utility bills are too high this month.

2

공과금을 자동이체로 납부하고 있습니다.

은행 (bank)

I'm paying utility bills via automatic transfer.

3

자취생에게 공과금은 큰 부담이에요.

자취 (living alone)

Utility bills are a big burden for students living alone.

4

매달 나가는 공과금 내역을 확인해봐야겠어요.

가계부 (household ledger)

I should check the details of the utility bills every month.

5

공과금을 절약하기 위해 노력하고 있습니다.

절약 (saving)

I'm trying to save on utility bills.

ترکیب‌های رایج

공과금을 내다
공과금을 납부하다
공과금이 밀리다
미납된 공과금

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

공과금 در مقابل 월세 (wolse)
월세 refers specifically to monthly rent, while 공과금 includes various utility charges beyond just rent.
공과금 در مقابل 관리비 (gwallibi)
관리비 refers to maintenance fees for a building or apartment, which can sometimes include a portion of utility costs, but 공과금 specifically refers to the charges for the public services themselves.
공과금 در مقابل 세금 (segeum)
세금 refers to taxes, which are distinct from charges for public services.
공과금 در مقابل 요금 (yogeum)
요금 is a general term for a fee or charge. While 공과금 are a type of 요금, using 요금 alone might not specify that it's for public utilities.

الگوهای دستوری

공과금을 내다 (gonggwageumeul naeda) 공과금이 나오다 (gonggwageumi naoda) 공과금을 절약하다 (gonggwageumeul jeoryakhada)

نحوه استفاده

نکات کاربردی

'공과금' is a formal and widely understood term in South Korea. It is typically used when referring to the collective charges for essential public services. You would commonly encounter this term in official documents, banking statements, online payment platforms, and news reports related to household economics or government policy. For instance, when paying bills, you might see categories like '전기료' (electricity fee), '수도료' (water fee), and '가스비' (gas fee) listed under the umbrella of '공과금'. It's generally not used for private services like internet or cable TV, which are often referred to as '통신비' (communication expenses) or simply by their service name. When discussing household finances, one might say '이번 달 공과금이 많이 나왔다' (This month's utility bills came out high) or '공과금 납부일이 다가온다' (The utility bill payment due date is approaching). The term is neutral in tone and widely accepted across all demographics.

اشتباهات رایج

A common mistake for learners is confusing '공과금' with general '요금' (yogwim), which just means 'fees' or 'charges' in a broader sense. While utility bills are a type of fee, '공과금' specifically refers to charges for public services like electricity, water, and gas, often paid to government-related entities or public corporations. Another error is sometimes omitting the '금' at the end, saying just '공과' which isn't a complete word for utility bills. Also, some might mistakenly use it for private services or subscriptions that aren't public utilities. Remember, it's tied to essential public infrastructure services. Paying '공과금' is a regular, often monthly, civic responsibility, distinct from one-off payments or personal service fees. The '공' implies public, '과' implies charges or items, and '금' means money. Keeping these components in mind helps differentiate it from other types of payments.

نکات

💡

Usage Tip

'공과금' (gong-gwa-geum) refers to charges for public utilities such as electricity, water, and gas. It's a comprehensive term used in South Korea to collectively describe these essential household expenses. When discussing household budgets or living expenses, '공과금' is a common term you'll encounter. It's often paid monthly or bi-monthly, depending on the specific service and provider. Understanding this term is crucial for anyone managing finances in a Korean-speaking context, as it represents a significant portion of regular expenditures.
💡

Common Pitfall

A common pitfall is confusing '공과금' with rent or other housing-related fees. While '공과금' are necessary expenses for living in a property, they are distinct from rental payments (월세 - wol-se or 전세 - jeon-se) or building maintenance fees (관리비 - gwan-li-bi). It's important to differentiate these terms, especially when reviewing contracts or financial statements. Misunderstanding this can lead to confusion in budgeting or even disputes over payment responsibilities. Always clarify what specific charges are included under '공과금' if there's any ambiguity in a given context.
💡

Advanced Insight

For a deeper understanding, consider that the concept of '공과금' reflects the centralized and essential nature of these services in South Korea. The payment systems for these utilities are highly integrated, often allowing for convenient payment through various channels like banks, online platforms, or even convenience stores. Furthermore, the government often plays a role in regulating the rates and ensuring the stability of these services. In economic discussions, changes in '공과금' rates can have a significant impact on household spending and inflation, making it a key indicator of economic health. The term thus encapsulates not just a financial concept, but also socio-economic and infrastructural aspects of Korean society.

ریشه کلمه

The Korean word '공과금' (gong-gwa-geum) is a compound noun formed from three Sino-Korean characters: '공' (gong), '과' (gwa), and '금' (geum). Each character contributes to the overall meaning of 'public service charges' or 'utility bills'. '공' (公) means 'public,' 'common,' or 'official.' This character is frequently used in Korean to denote something related to the general public, government, or official matters. For instance, '공공' (gong-gong) means 'public' as in 'public domain,' and '공무원' (gong-mu-won) means 'public official' or 'civil servant.' Its inclusion in '공과금' highlights that these charges are levied for services provided to the general populace or are regulated by public entities. '과' (課) means 'tax,' 'duty,' 'levy,' or 'section.' This character is used to indicate a charge or imposition. It appears in words like '세금' (se-geum), meaning 'tax,' and '부과' (bu-gwa), meaning 'imposition' or 'levy.' In the context of '공과금,' '과' specifically refers to the charges or fees that are imposed for the use of public services. It emphasizes the financial obligation associated with these services. '금' (金) means 'money,' 'gold,' or 'fund.' This character is a very common suffix in Korean for words related to monetary transactions or funds. Examples include '요금' (yo-geum), meaning 'charge' or 'fare,' '환급금' (hwan-geup-geum), meaning 'refund,' and '벌금' (beol-geum), meaning 'fine.' Its presence in '공과금' unequivocally signifies that the term refers to a sum of money that needs to be paid. Therefore, by combining these three characters, '공과금' literally translates to something akin to 'public levy money' or 'official duty funds.' Over time, its meaning has evolved and settled into the widely understood concept of 'utility bills' or 'charges for public services' such as electricity, water, gas, and sometimes even telecommunications or heating, which are essential for daily life and are often regulated by public or quasi-public corporations. The etymology clearly reflects the nature of these expenses as mandatory payments for services that are publicly provided or heavily regulated, distinguishing them from private purchases or general taxes.

بافت فرهنگی

In South Korea, '공과금' (gong-gwa-geum) refers to utility bills and charges for public services. These are an inherent and often significant part of household expenses. The concept is deeply ingrained in daily life, with households regularly budgeting for and paying these bills. Historically, and even in modern times, prompt payment of '공과금' is seen as a civic responsibility and a sign of good financial management. There's a strong emphasis on not falling behind on these payments, as services like electricity, water, and gas are essential for living. The collective nature of these services, often managed by government-affiliated corporations, fosters a sense of shared responsibility among citizens to contribute to the upkeep and provision of these public goods. Discussion about '공과금' often arises in conversations about household budgets, cost of living, and economic policies.

راهنمای حفظ

Visualize a stack of different bills – electricity, water, gas – all arriving together in an envelope. Imagine the character '공' (gong) as a communal utility pole, providing services to '과' (gwa) households, and '금' (geum) as the money you pay for these essential services.

سوالات متداول

4 سوال
'공과금' (gong-gwa-geum) refers to utility bills or charges for public services in Korea. These typically include essential household expenses like electricity, water, gas, and sometimes heating. It's a comprehensive term that covers the costs associated with using these fundamental services provided by public or quasi-public entities, which are crucial for daily living.
Generally, '공과금' encompasses charges for services such as electricity, which powers your home; water, for drinking, sanitation, and other uses; and gas, often used for cooking and heating. In some cases, it might also include district heating or other public service fees that are regularly paid by residents or businesses for the use of shared infrastructure and amenities.
In Korea, '공과금' can be paid through various convenient methods. Many people opt for automatic bank transfers, where the utility companies directly withdraw the amount from their bank account on a set date. Other common payment options include online banking, mobile payment apps, visiting local banks, post offices, or convenience stores that offer bill payment services.
'공과금' is generally a variable expense, as the charges are directly dependent on consumption. For instance, your electricity bill will be higher if you use more air conditioning in the summer, and your gas bill will increase with more heating in the winter. While there might be some fixed basic charges, the bulk of the cost fluctuates based on your usage of each respective service.

خودت رو بسنج

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저는 매달 25일에 _______을 내야 합니다.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
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이번 달 _______이 너무 많이 나왔어요.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
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_______ 납부 기한을 놓치면 연체료가 붙습니다.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

امتیاز: /3

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