A0 Noun Gender 1 min read آسان

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

In Lithuanian, most masculine nouns in the dictionary end in -as, -is, or -us.

  • Most masculine nouns end in -as: 'stalas' (table).
  • Nouns ending in -is are often masculine: 'brolis' (brother).
  • Nouns ending in -us are also masculine: 'sūnus' (son).
Noun + (-as/-is/-us) = Masculine Singular

Masculine Nominative Singular Endings

Ending Example Meaning Gender
-as
stalas
table
masculine
-is
brolis
brother
masculine
-us
sūnus
son
masculine
-as
namas
house
masculine
-is
mokinys
student
masculine
-us
dangus
sky
masculine

Meanings

These endings identify the grammatical gender of a noun in its dictionary form (Nominative Singular).

1

Standard Masculine

The base form for masculine nouns.

“Stalas yra didelis.”

“Mano tėvas dirba.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Masculine Noun Endings (-as, -is, -us)
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Noun + is
Stalas yra didelis.
Negative
Noun + nėra
Stalas nėra didelis.
Question
Ar + Noun + yra...?
Ar stalas yra didelis?
Plural
Noun + -ai/-iai
Stalai yra dideli.
Possessive
Mano + Noun
Mano brolis.
Demonstrative
Šis + Noun
Šis namas.

طیف رسمیت

رسمی
Brolis yra čia.

Brolis yra čia. (Family arrival)

خنثی
Brolis čia.

Brolis čia. (Family arrival)

غیر رسمی
Brolis jau čia!

Brolis jau čia! (Family arrival)

عامیانه
Brolis vietoje.

Brolis vietoje. (Family arrival)

Masculine Noun Endings

Masculine Nouns

Ending -as

  • stalas table
  • namas house

Ending -is

  • brolis brother
  • mokinys student

Ending -us

  • sūnus son
  • dangus sky

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

Stalas yra didelis.

The table is big.

2

Brolis skaito knygą.

The brother is reading a book.

3

Sūnus eina į mokyklą.

The son is going to school.

4

Draugas yra geras.

The friend is good.

1

Mano tėvas yra gydytojas.

My father is a doctor.

2

Šis namas yra senas.

This house is old.

3

Mokinys rašo laišką.

The student is writing a letter.

4

Vilnius yra gražus miestas.

Vilnius is a beautiful city.

1

Kaimynas visada pasisveikina.

The neighbor always says hello.

2

Mokytojas paaiškino taisyklę.

The teacher explained the rule.

3

Šis automobilis yra greitas.

This car is fast.

4

Pasaulis yra didelis.

The world is big.

1

Profesorius skaitė paskaitą.

The professor gave a lecture.

2

Šis procesas yra sudėtingas.

This process is complicated.

3

Mūsų vadovas yra patyręs.

Our manager is experienced.

4

Kiekvienas žmogus turi teises.

Every person has rights.

1

Šis fenomenas reikalauja tyrimo.

This phenomenon requires research.

2

Dėmesys detalėms yra būtinas.

Attention to detail is necessary.

3

Jo požiūris yra konservatyvus.

His attitude is conservative.

4

Šis įstatymas yra prieštaringas.

This law is controversial.

1

Archajiškas stilius yra būdingas šiam autoriui.

An archaic style is characteristic of this author.

2

Šis diskursas atspindi epochą.

This discourse reflects the era.

3

Subjektas ir objektas yra atskirti.

The subject and object are separated.

4

Šis mechanizmas veikia autonomiškai.

This mechanism operates autonomously.

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

Masculine Noun Endings (-as, -is, -us) در مقابل Masculine -is vs Feminine -is

Both end in -is, so learners guess the gender.

Masculine Noun Endings (-as, -is, -us) در مقابل Nominative vs Accusative

Learners use the nominative ending in the wrong sentence position.

Masculine Noun Endings (-as, -is, -us) در مقابل Masculine -as vs Feminine -a

Learners confuse the endings.

اشتباهات رایج

Širdis yra geras.

Širdis yra gera.

Širdis is feminine despite ending in -is.

Mama yra geras.

Mama yra gera.

Mama is feminine.

Stalas yra gera.

Stalas yra geras.

Adjective must match masculine noun.

Namas yra graži.

Namas yra gražus.

Namas is masculine.

Mano sūnus yra graži.

Mano sūnus yra gražus.

Sūnus is masculine.

Brolis yra gera.

Brolis yra geras.

Brolis is masculine.

Mokinys yra gera.

Mokinys yra geras.

Mokinys is masculine.

Šis procesas yra sudėtinga.

Šis procesas yra sudėtingas.

Procesas is masculine.

Kaimynas yra maloni.

Kaimynas yra malonus.

Kaimynas is masculine.

Pasaulis yra graži.

Pasaulis yra gražus.

Pasaulis is masculine.

Šis fenomenas yra įdomi.

Šis fenomenas yra įdomus.

Fenomenas is masculine.

Dėmesys yra svarbi.

Dėmesys yra svarbus.

Dėmesys is masculine.

Požiūris yra teisinga.

Požiūris yra teisingas.

Požiūris is masculine.

Įstatymas yra griežta.

Įstatymas yra griežtas.

Įstatymas is masculine.

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

___ yra geras.

Šis ___ yra didelis.

Mano ___ yra protingas.

Šis ___ yra labai svarbus.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

Brolis jau atvažiavo.

Social Media very common

Mano draugas yra geriausias.

Job Interview common

Mano tėvas yra inžinierius.

Travel common

Šis miestas yra gražus.

Food Delivery occasional

Užsakymas yra paruoštas.

Academic common

Šis procesas yra svarbus.

💡

Check the dictionary

Always check the dictionary to confirm the gender of a new word.
⚠️

Don't guess

Not all words ending in -is are masculine.
🎯

Learn in pairs

Learn the noun with its adjective to reinforce gender.
💬

Use correct gender

Using the correct gender makes you sound much more natural.

Smart Tips

Always learn the noun with its gender.

stalas stalas (masc.)

Check if it's masculine or feminine.

brolis brolis (masc.)

Check the adjective ending.

Stalas yra gera. Stalas yra geras.

Identify the noun's gender.

Namas yra didelis. Namas (masc.) yra didelis (masc.).

تلفظ

stah-lahs, soo-noos

Vowel length

The 'a' in -as is short, but the 'u' in -us can be long.

Declarative

Stalas yra geras. ↘

Falling intonation for statements.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Remember 'AS-IS-US': If it ends in these, it's a 'he' for us!

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a man standing on a table (-as), holding his brother (-is), looking at the sky (-us).

Rhyme

If the word ends in AS, IS, or US, it's a masculine noun for all of us.

Story

My brother (brolis) sat at the table (stalas) and looked at the sky (dangus). All three words end in the masculine markers.

شبکه واژگان

stalasbrolissūnusnamasmokinysdangus

چالش

Find 5 masculine nouns in a Lithuanian newspaper or website today.

نکات فرهنگی

Gender is strictly observed in all social contexts.

Regional dialects might slightly alter vowel sounds.

Some endings might be shortened in speech.

These endings are derived from Proto-Indo-European thematic declensions.

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

Kas yra tavo brolis?

Ar šis stalas yra laisvas?

Koks yra tavo požiūris į tai?

Ar šis procesas yra efektyvus?

موضوعات نگارش

Describe your family members using masculine nouns.
Describe your house or apartment using masculine nouns.
Write about a professional role you admire.
Discuss a social phenomenon using masculine nouns.

اشتباهات رایج

Incorrect

صحیح


Incorrect

صحیح


Incorrect

صحیح


Incorrect

صحیح

Test Yourself

Which word is masculine? چند گزینه‌ای

Which of these is masculine?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: stalas
Stalas ends in -as.
Fill in the blank.

Mano ___ yra geras.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: brolis
Brolis is masculine.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Stalas yra gera.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Stalas yra geras.
Adjective must match masculine noun.
Order the words. Sentence Building

yra / stalas / geras

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Stalas yra geras.
Standard word order.
Match the noun to its gender. جفت کردن

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: M, F, M, F
Stalas/Sūnus are M, Mama/Sesė are F.
Which is masculine? چند گزینه‌ای

Which is masculine?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: namas
Namas ends in -as.
Fill in the blank.

Šis ___ yra didelis.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: miestas
Miestas is masculine.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Sūnus yra graži.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Sūnus yra gražus.
Adjective must match masculine noun.

Score: /8

تمرین‌های عملی

8 exercises
Which word is masculine? چند گزینه‌ای

Which of these is masculine?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: stalas
Stalas ends in -as.
Fill in the blank.

Mano ___ yra geras.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: brolis
Brolis is masculine.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Stalas yra gera.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Stalas yra geras.
Adjective must match masculine noun.
Order the words. Sentence Building

yra / stalas / geras

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Stalas yra geras.
Standard word order.
Match the noun to its gender. جفت کردن

Match: stalas, mama, sūnus, sesė

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: M, F, M, F
Stalas/Sūnus are M, Mama/Sesė are F.
Which is masculine? چند گزینه‌ای

Which is masculine?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: namas
Namas ends in -as.
Fill in the blank.

Šis ___ yra didelis.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: miestas
Miestas is masculine.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Sūnus yra graži.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Sūnus yra gražus.
Adjective must match masculine noun.

Score: /8

سوالات متداول (8)

Yes, almost all nouns ending in -as are masculine.

It is usually masculine, but check the dictionary for feminine exceptions.

Feminine nouns usually end in -a or -ė.

Yes, they change when the noun is in different cases.

No, plural endings are different.

It determines adjective and verb agreement.

Yes, always check the dictionary.

Read, write, and use the words in sentences.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish moderate

Masculine nouns ending in -o

Lithuanian has three main masculine endings, Spanish has one primary one.

French low

Masculine nouns (le)

Lithuanian is synthetic (endings), French is analytic (articles).

German low

Masculine nouns (der)

Lithuanian gender is marked on the noun itself.

Japanese none

No grammatical gender

Lithuanian requires gender agreement for every noun.

Arabic moderate

Masculine/Feminine nouns

Arabic gender is often marked by the absence of the feminine -a suffix.

Chinese none

No grammatical gender

Lithuanian is highly inflected, Chinese is not.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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