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A1 adjective #1,500 پرکاربردترین 13 دقیقه مطالعه

Aberto

رتبه 1,500

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها Aberto در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح Aberto in your Level:

At the A1 level, learners encounter 'aberto' as one of their very first adjectives. It is essential for basic survival vocabulary, primarily used to describe the physical state of everyday objects and the operational status of businesses. Beginners learn to associate 'aberto' with doors (a porta está aberta), windows (a janela está aberta), and shops (o supermercado está aberto). The primary grammatical challenge at this stage is remembering to match the gender and number of 'aberto' with the noun it describes, resulting in the four forms: aberto, aberta, abertos, abertas. Learners also memorize it as the irregular past participle of 'abrir', avoiding the common mistake of saying 'abrido'. The focus is entirely on literal, concrete meanings and simple sentence structures using the verbs 'ser' and 'estar'. Mastery at this level means being able to read a sign on a shop door and understand if you can go inside, or being able to ask someone to open a window because it is hot. It is a highly practical, functional word that provides immediate communicative value in a Portuguese-speaking environment.

As learners progress to the A2 level, their use of 'aberto' expands beyond simple physical states to include slightly more complex and varied contexts. They begin to use it with a wider range of vocabulary, such as 'livro aberto' (open book), 'caixa aberta' (open box), or 'conta aberta' (open account). Grammatically, A2 learners start to use 'aberto' more frequently in the present perfect tense (pretérito perfeito composto) with the auxiliary verb 'ter', saying things like 'Eu tenho aberto a loja todos os dias' (I have been opening the store every day). They learn the crucial rule that in this specific construction, 'aberto' remains invariable and does not change to match gender or number. Additionally, learners at this stage begin to encounter basic figurative uses, such as describing someone as having an 'mente aberta' (open mind) or being an 'pessoa aberta' (open person). They also start to understand simple idiomatic phrases like 'ao ar livre' or 'céu aberto' (open air). The focus shifts from mere survival vocabulary to more descriptive and narrative uses of the word.

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At the B1 intermediate level, the understanding and application of 'aberto' become significantly more nuanced. Learners are now comfortable with the physical and basic figurative meanings and begin to explore abstract and professional contexts. They learn the highly useful expression 'em aberto', meaning pending or unresolved, applying it to 'questões em aberto' (open questions) or 'faturas em aberto' (unpaid invoices). This is crucial for navigating workplace environments or handling administrative tasks in Portuguese. Furthermore, B1 learners start to use 'aberto' confidently in the passive voice, understanding that it must agree with the subject receiving the action, as in 'As inscrições foram abertas ontem' (Registration was opened yesterday). They also expand their emotional vocabulary, using phrases like 'falar abertamente' (to speak openly) or 'de coração aberto' (with an open heart). The word transitions from being a simple descriptor of physical reality to a tool for expressing complex states of affairs, administrative statuses, and emotional dispositions, reflecting a growing fluency and cultural awareness.

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At the B2 upper-intermediate level, learners wield 'aberto' with considerable precision and flexibility, integrating it seamlessly into complex discussions and abstract reasoning. They are expected to understand and use a wide array of idiomatic expressions and collocations naturally. For instance, they might discuss a 'debate aberto' (open debate), a 'sinal aberto' (free-to-air broadcast), or a 'cheque em branco/aberto' (blank check). They can differentiate between subtle shades of meaning, knowing when to use 'aberto' versus synonyms like 'franco', 'receptivo', or 'escancarado' for rhetorical effect. In professional or academic writing, they use 'em aberto' to discuss theoretical possibilities or unresolved research questions. Grammatically, they make no errors with gender/number agreement or the invariable nature of the participle with 'ter'. They can also comprehend literary or journalistic uses where 'aberto' might imply vulnerability, exposure, or infinite possibility. At this stage, the word is fully integrated into their active vocabulary, allowing them to express sophisticated ideas about transparency, accessibility, and ongoing processes without hesitation.

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At the C1 advanced level, the use of 'aberto' is characterized by native-like fluency, idiomatic richness, and an intuitive grasp of register. Learners at this stage encounter 'aberto' in complex literary texts, formal debates, and nuanced sociopolitical discussions. They understand phrases like 'ferida aberta' (open wound) not just literally, but as a metaphor for lingering historical or emotional trauma. They might discuss 'capital aberto' (publicly traded companies) in economic contexts or 'código aberto' (open-source) in technology. They are adept at using 'aberto' to convey subtle tones, such as sarcasm or profound sincerity. They effortlessly navigate complex grammatical structures involving the passive voice, subjunctive moods, and compound tenses where 'aberto' is embedded. Furthermore, they recognize regional variations and colloquialisms involving the word. Their vocabulary is so expansive that they rarely rely on 'aberto' when a more precise synonym (like 'patente', 'manifesto', or 'desimpedido') would serve better, yet they know exactly when 'aberto' is the most natural and culturally appropriate choice. It is a tool for elegant and precise expression.

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At the C2 mastery level, the learner's command of 'aberto' is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker. They possess a deep sociolinguistic and etymological understanding of the word, recognizing its roots and how its usage has evolved. They can play with the word's multiple meanings in creative writing, poetry, or persuasive speech, exploiting the tension between physical openness and conceptual vulnerability. They understand highly specialized or archaic uses of the word and can effortlessly parse complex philosophical or legal texts where 'aberto' might define the parameters of a contract or the nature of an epistemological inquiry. They use expressions like 'a céu aberto' (in the open air) or 'de peito aberto' (bravely/openly) with perfect timing and intonation. At this ultimate level of proficiency, 'aberto' is not just a vocabulary item to be remembered; it is a foundational concept through which the speaker interprets and articulates their experience of the world in Portuguese, demonstrating absolute mastery over the language's subtleties, rhythms, and cultural resonances.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

Aberto در ۳۰ ثانیه

Opposite of closed; used for doors, windows, and boxes.
Indicates a business is currently operating and receiving customers.
Describes an extroverted, honest, or receptive personality.
The irregular past participle of the verb 'abrir' (never 'abrido').

The Portuguese word 'aberto' is an incredibly versatile and fundamental vocabulary item that learners encounter very early in their language journey, typically at the A1 level. At its core, 'aberto' functions primarily as the irregular past participle of the verb 'abrir' (to open) and as a highly common adjective meaning 'open'. Understanding the depth and breadth of 'aberto' requires a comprehensive look at its literal, figurative, and grammatical dimensions. Literally, it describes a state where a barrier has been removed, allowing passage, access, or visibility. This applies to physical objects like doors, windows, boxes, and books. When you say a door is open, you are describing a physical state of accessibility. Furthermore, 'aberto' is used extensively to describe commercial establishments. A shop, restaurant, or bank that is 'aberto' is currently operating and receiving customers. This is a crucial functional use for any traveler or resident in a Portuguese-speaking country.

Literal Meaning: Refers to physical objects that are not closed, allowing entry, exit, or viewing.

A porta do quarto está aberta para deixar o ar entrar.

Beyond the physical realm, 'aberto' carries significant figurative weight. When applied to a person's character or personality, 'aberto' describes someone who is extroverted, frank, receptive, and communicative. An 'indivíduo aberto' is someone who welcomes new ideas, is easy to talk to, and does not hide their feelings. This metaphorical extension from physical openness to emotional and intellectual openness is common in many languages, but it is particularly pronounced in Portuguese. Additionally, 'aberto' can refer to unresolved situations, questions, or debates. An 'assunto em aberto' is a topic that has not yet been concluded or decided upon. This usage is frequent in business, academic, and formal contexts.

Figurative Meaning: Describes receptiveness, extroversion, or unresolved abstract concepts.

Ele tem uma mente muito aberta para novas culturas.

Grammatically, as an adjective, 'aberto' must agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies. This means it takes four forms: aberto (masculine singular), aberta (feminine singular), abertos (masculine plural), and abertas (feminine plural). This agreement is a fundamental rule of Portuguese grammar and is essential for achieving fluency.

Os supermercados estão abertos até tarde hoje.

It is also vital to recognize 'aberto' as the irregular past participle of 'abrir'. Unlike regular verbs ending in '-ir' which typically form their past participle with '-ido' (e.g., partir -> partido), 'abrir' does not become 'abrido'. 'Abrido' is grammatically incorrect in modern standard Portuguese. Instead, the form is always 'aberto'. This irregular participle is used to form compound tenses (tem aberto, tinha aberto) and the passive voice (foi aberto, será aberto).

Grammatical Function: Serves as both an adjective requiring gender/number agreement and the irregular past participle of the verb abrir.

O presente foi aberto pela criança com muita alegria.

Finally, the pronunciation of 'aberto' involves an open 'e' sound in the stressed syllable (a-BER-to), which is crucial for sounding natural. The initial 'a' is unstressed, and the final 'o' often reduces to a 'u' sound in European Portuguese and many Brazilian dialects. Mastering the multifaceted nature of 'aberto' provides a strong foundation for expressing a wide range of physical states, emotional dispositions, and grammatical constructions in Portuguese.

Deixei a janela aberta durante a noite inteira.

Using the word 'aberto' correctly in Portuguese involves understanding its dual role as an adjective and a past participle, as well as mastering its interaction with the verbs 'ser' and 'estar'. Because Portuguese distinguishes between permanent characteristics (ser) and temporary states (estar), the choice of verb drastically alters the meaning of 'aberto'. When used with 'estar' (to be - temporary), 'aberto' describes the current, changeable state of an object or place. For example, 'A loja está aberta' means the store is currently open for business. 'A janela está aberta' means the window is currently open. This is the most common everyday usage for beginners.

With Estar: Indicates a temporary physical state or operational status of a place or object.

O banco já está aberto a esta hora.

Conversely, when used with 'ser' (to be - permanent), 'aberto' describes an inherent characteristic or personality trait. 'Ele é um homem aberto' translates to 'He is an open man', meaning he is extroverted, honest, or receptive to ideas. It describes his nature, not a temporary physical state. This distinction is vital for avoiding awkward misunderstandings.

Ela sempre foi uma pessoa muito aberta e comunicativa.

As a past participle, 'aberto' is used to form compound tenses with the auxiliary verb 'ter' (or 'haver' in more formal/literary contexts). For instance, in the present perfect (pretérito perfeito composto), you would say 'Eu tenho aberto a janela todos os dias' (I have been opening the window every day). Notice that when used with 'ter', the participle 'aberto' is invariable; it does not change to agree with the subject or object. It remains 'aberto' regardless of gender or number.

Compound Tenses: Used with 'ter' to form perfect tenses. The word remains invariable (aberto).

Nós temos aberto exceções para este cliente.

However, when 'aberto' is used in the passive voice with the verb 'ser', it acts like an adjective and must agree with the subject. For example, 'A carta foi aberta por ele' (The letter was opened by him). Here, 'carta' is feminine singular, so 'aberto' becomes 'aberta'. 'Os portões foram abertos' (The gates were opened). Here, 'portões' is masculine plural, so it becomes 'abertos'.

As inscrições serão abertas amanhã de manhã.

Another common usage is the prepositional phrase 'em aberto', which translates to 'open', 'unresolved', or 'pending'. This is invariable and is used for abstract concepts like questions, accounts, or debates. 'A questão continua em aberto' (The question remains open). This phrase is highly useful in professional and academic settings.

Em Aberto: An invariable expression meaning pending, unresolved, or to be decided.

O resultado das eleições ainda está em aberto.

By mastering these distinct structures—temporary states with estar, permanent traits with ser, invariable participles with ter, agreeing participles in the passive voice, and idiomatic phrases like 'em aberto'—learners can deploy this word with native-like precision across a vast array of contexts.

The word 'aberto' is ubiquitous in the Portuguese-speaking world, permeating almost every layer of daily life, media, business, and literature. Its most frequent and immediate context for learners is in the realm of commerce and public spaces. Walking down any street in Lisbon, São Paulo, or Luanda, you will constantly see signs reading 'Aberto' (Open) hanging on the doors of cafes, pharmacies, supermarkets, and boutiques. It is the universal indicator that a business is ready to receive customers. In this context, it is often paired with hours of operation, such as 'Aberto das 9h às 18h' (Open from 9 AM to 6 PM).

Commercial Signage: Used on storefronts to indicate that a business is currently operating.

O restaurante está aberto para o almoço.

In domestic settings, 'aberto' is heard constantly in commands and observations regarding the physical environment. Parents tell children to leave the door open ('Deixa a porta aberta'), people complain about the cold because a window is open ('A janela está aberta'), or someone might ask if the fridge was left open ('Deixaste o frigorífico aberto?'). This everyday, physical application makes it one of the first adjectives a learner truly internalizes.

Por favor, mantenha o portão aberto.

Moving into the professional and corporate world, 'aberto' takes on more abstract meanings. You will hear about 'vagas abertas' (open job vacancies), 'contas abertas' (open accounts), or a 'sinal aberto' (open signal/unencrypted broadcast). In meetings, colleagues might discuss a project that is 'em aberto' (pending) or express that they are 'abertos a sugestões' (open to suggestions). This demonstrates the word's flexibility in transitioning from physical to conceptual openness.

Business Context: Used to describe available opportunities, pending tasks, or receptiveness to ideas.

Temos três vagas abertas no departamento de marketing.

In media and journalism, 'aberto' is frequently employed to describe public events or investigations. A 'debate aberto' is a public debate, 'televisão aberta' refers to free-to-air television networks, and an 'inquérito aberto' is an ongoing police or legal investigation. The phrase 'de capital aberto' is used in finance to describe a publicly traded company.

O canal transmite em sinal aberto para todo o país.

Finally, in literature and emotional expression, 'aberto' is used poetically and idiomatically. To welcome someone 'de braços abertos' (with open arms) is a classic expression of warm hospitality. To have an 'coração aberto' (open heart) implies vulnerability and sincerity. A 'livro aberto' (open book) describes someone who is easy to read or hides nothing. These idiomatic expressions enrich the language and showcase the deep cultural resonance of the concept of openness in Portuguese-speaking societies.

Idiomatic Expressions: Used metaphorically to express hospitality, honesty, or vulnerability.

Recebemos os convidados de braços abertos.

Despite being an early-acquired vocabulary word, 'aberto' presents several persistent pitfalls for learners of Portuguese, primarily stemming from its irregular morphology and the strict rules of gender and number agreement. The single most common and glaring mistake made by beginners is attempting to regularize the past participle of the verb 'abrir'. Because most '-ir' verbs form their participle with '-ido' (e.g., partir/partido, sorrir/sorrido, dormir/dormido), learners logically, but incorrectly, deduce that the participle of 'abrir' should be 'abrido'. This form does not exist in standard modern Portuguese and immediately marks the speaker as a novice. The only correct past participle is 'aberto'.

The 'Abrido' Error: Incorrectly applying regular verb rules to form the non-existent word 'abrido'.

Incorreto: Eu tinha abrido a porta. Correto: Eu tinha aberto a porta.

Another frequent error involves the failure to make 'aberto' agree in gender and number when it functions as an adjective or in the passive voice. English speakers, accustomed to invariable adjectives (e.g., 'the open door', 'the open windows'), often default to the masculine singular 'aberto' regardless of the noun it modifies. Saying 'a porta está aberto' or 'as lojas estão aberto' is grammatically incorrect. The adjective must mirror the noun: 'a porta está aberta' (feminine singular) and 'as lojas estão abertas' (feminine plural).

As janelas do carro ficaram abertas durante a chuva.

A more subtle mistake occurs with the use of the auxiliary verbs 'ter' versus 'ser'/'estar'. When forming compound perfect tenses with 'ter', the participle 'aberto' is strictly invariable. It does not change. For example, 'Ela tem aberto muitas portas' (She has opened many doors). Here, even though 'portas' is feminine plural, 'aberto' remains masculine singular because it is part of the verb phrase 'tem aberto'. Learners sometimes mistakenly make it agree here, saying 'Ela tem abertas muitas portas', which is incorrect in standard modern usage.

Invariable with 'Ter': When used with the auxiliary verb 'ter', 'aberto' never changes its ending.

A empresa tem aberto novas filiais todos os anos.

Conversely, in the passive voice with 'ser', agreement is mandatory. 'As filiais foram abertas' (The branches were opened). Mixing up when to agree and when not to agree based on the auxiliary verb is a classic intermediate-level hurdle.

A caixa foi aberta pelo inspetor.

Finally, learners sometimes confuse the literal 'aberto' with the idiomatic 'em aberto'. If a bill is unpaid, it is 'em aberto', not just 'aberto'. If a question is unresolved, it is 'em aberto'. Using just 'aberto' in these abstract contexts can sound like a literal physical opening rather than a pending status.

Em Aberto vs Aberto: Use 'em aberto' for pending/unresolved abstract things, not just 'aberto'.

A nossa dívida com eles ainda está em aberto.

While 'aberto' is the most general and widely used term for 'open' in Portuguese, the language possesses a rich vocabulary of synonyms and related words that offer more precise nuances depending on the context. Understanding these alternatives helps learners elevate their vocabulary from basic to advanced, allowing for more descriptive and accurate communication. One common related word is 'destrancado', which specifically means 'unlocked'. A door can be closed but 'destrancada' (unlocked), meaning it is not physically open, but the mechanism preventing it from opening has been disengaged. This is a crucial distinction in security contexts.

Destrancado: Means unlocked. The object may still be physically shut, but the lock is off.

A porta está fechada, mas está destrancada.

For situations where something is opened very widely or forcefully, the word 'escancarado' is used. It translates roughly to 'wide open' or 'gaping'. If a window is thrown completely open to let in a strong breeze, it is 'escancarada'. Metaphorically, it can also mean something that is blatantly obvious or shamelessly exposed, such as a 'mentira escancarada' (a blatant lie).

Ele deixou o portão escancarado e o cachorro fugiu.

When discussing the opening of a new business, exhibition, or public facility, the verb 'inaugurar' and its participle 'inaugurado' are more appropriate than simply 'aberto'. While a store is 'aberta' every day, it is only 'inaugurada' on its very first day of operation. This conveys a sense of ceremony and official commencement.

Inaugurado: Refers to the official first opening or grand opening of a place or event.

O novo museu foi inaugurado pelo presidente da câmara.

In the realm of personality and character, where 'aberto' means extroverted or frank, synonyms include 'franco' (frank/candid), 'receptivo' (receptive), and 'extrovertido' (extroverted). 'Franco' emphasizes honesty and directness, sometimes to the point of bluntness. 'Receptivo' emphasizes a willingness to listen and accept new ideas or people. Choosing among these depends on the specific shade of openness you wish to convey.

Para ser franco, não gostei muito da comida.

Finally, for abstract concepts like unresolved issues ('em aberto'), synonyms include 'pendente' (pending) or 'indeciso' (undecided). 'Pendente' is highly common in bureaucratic and business contexts to describe tasks, payments, or decisions that are awaiting completion.

Pendente: A formal synonym for 'em aberto', meaning pending or awaiting resolution.

Ainda temos um pagamento pendente no sistema.

چقدر رسمی است؟

سطح دشواری

گرامر لازم

Irregular Past Participles

Gender and Number Agreement of Adjectives

Ser vs. Estar with Adjectives

Passive Voice Formation

Compound Perfect Tenses (Pretérito Perfeito Composto)

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

A porta está aberta.

The door is open.

Feminine singular agreement with 'porta'.

O supermercado está aberto hoje?

Is the supermarket open today?

Masculine singular agreement with 'supermercado'.

As janelas estão abertas.

The windows are open.

Feminine plural agreement with 'janelas'.

O livro está aberto na mesa.

The book is open on the table.

Masculine singular agreement with 'livro'.

Eu deixei o carro aberto.

I left the car open (unlocked).

Used as an adjective modifying 'carro'.

A loja de roupas está aberta.

The clothing store is open.

Feminine singular agreement with 'loja'.

Os olhos dele estão abertos.

His eyes are open.

Masculine plural agreement with 'olhos'.

A caixa está aberta no chão.

The box is open on the floor.

Feminine singular agreement with 'caixa'.

Eu tenho aberto a janela todas as manhãs.

I have been opening the window every morning.

Invariable past participle with the auxiliary verb 'ter'.

Ela é uma pessoa muito aberta.

She is a very open person.

Used with 'ser' to describe a personality trait.

O restaurante fica aberto até a meia-noite.

The restaurant stays open until midnight.

Used with 'ficar' to indicate a continuing state.

Nós dormimos com a janela aberta.

We slept with the window open.

Adjective modifying 'janela' in a prepositional phrase.

O banco já foi aberto?

Has the bank been opened yet?

Passive voice with 'ser', agreeing with 'banco'.

Eles deixaram a torneira aberta.

They left the tap open (running).

Feminine singular agreement with 'torneira'.

O museu está aberto ao público.

The museum is open to the public.

Common collocation 'aberto ao público'.

A conta no banco ainda está aberta.

The bank account is still open.

Feminine singular agreement with 'conta'.

O resultado do jogo ainda está em aberto.

The result of the game is still open (undecided).

Idiomatic expression 'em aberto' meaning unresolved.

Temos várias vagas abertas na empresa.

We have several open positions in the company.

Feminine plural agreement with 'vagas'.

Ele falou de coração aberto sobre os seus problemas.

He spoke with an open heart about his problems.

Idiomatic expression 'de coração aberto'.

As inscrições para o curso estão abertas.

Registrations for the course are open.

Feminine plural agreement with 'inscrições'.

O debate está aberto a todos os participantes.

The debate is open to all participants.

Used to indicate accessibility or permission to participate.

A fatura continua em aberto no nosso sistema.

The invoice remains open (unpaid) in our system.

Business context for 'em aberto' meaning unpaid.

Eles receberam os refugiados de braços abertos.

They received the refugees with open arms.

Idiomatic expression 'de braços abertos' for hospitality.

O sinal da televisão é aberto neste país.

The television signal is open (free-to-air) in this country.

Media context referring to unencrypted broadcasts.

A questão do financiamento permanece em aberto.

The issue of funding remains open (unresolved).

Formal use of 'em aberto' for abstract unresolved issues.

É uma sociedade aberta e tolerante.

It is an open and tolerant society.

Used to describe sociopolitical concepts.

O inquérito policial ainda está aberto.

The police investigation is still open.

Legal/journalistic context for an ongoing process.

Ele deu-me um cheque em branco, totalmente aberto.

He gave me a blank check, completely open.

Metaphorical use implying unlimited freedom or resources.

A ferida ainda está aberta e precisa de cuidados.

The wound is still open and needs care.

Can be used literally for medical contexts or metaphorically.

A empresa tem o capital aberto na bolsa de valores.

The company is publicly traded on the stock exchange.

Financial terminology 'capital aberto'.

O software foi desenvolvido em código aberto.

The software was developed in open source.

Technological terminology 'código aberto'.

Temos de manter o diálogo aberto com a oposição.

We must keep the dialogue open with the opposition.

Political/diplomatic context for maintaining communication.

A sua atitude deixou a porta aberta a várias interpretações.

His attitude left the door open to various interpretations.

Metaphorical use meaning 'created the possibility for'.

O escândalo foi um livro aberto para a imprensa sensacionalista.

The scandal was an open book for the tabloid press.

Idiomatic use implying total lack of privacy or secrecy.

Trata-se de um conceito aberto, sujeito a constante redefinição.

It is an open concept, subject to constant redefinition.

Academic/philosophical context for fluid ideas.

A economia de mercado aberto dita as regras do jogo.

The open market economy dictates the rules of the game.

Macroeconomic terminology.

Ele confessou tudo a peito aberto, sem esconder nada.

He confessed everything openly, hiding nothing.

Idiomatic expression 'a peito aberto' meaning bravely or frankly.

A obra tem um final aberto, deixando o leitor em suspense.

The work has an open ending, leaving the reader in suspense.

Literary criticism context for ambiguous conclusions.

A licitação pública decorreu em sessão aberta.

The public bidding took place in an open session.

Administrative/legal context for transparency.

As cicatrizes do passado continuam a ser feridas abertas na sociedade.

The scars of the past continue to be open wounds in society.

Deeply metaphorical use for historical trauma.

A ontologia da obra de arte permanece um campo em aberto.

The ontology of the work of art remains an open field.

Highly academic, philosophical context.

A sua franqueza desarmante revelou um espírito escancaradamente aberto.

His disarming frankness revealed a wide-open spirit.

Literary use combining adverbs for emphasis.

O tratado estabelece o princípio do mar aberto para todas as nações.

The treaty establishes the principle of the open sea for all nations.

International law terminology.

A estrutura narrativa, deliberadamente aberta, convida à coautoria do leitor.

The deliberately open narrative structure invites the reader's co-authorship.

Advanced literary analysis.

A ferida narcísica, outrora oculta, estava agora a céu aberto.

The narcissistic wound, once hidden, was now out in the open.

Psychoanalytic terminology combined with a common idiom.

O sistema termodinâmico aberto troca energia e matéria com o exterior.

The open thermodynamic system exchanges energy and matter with the exterior.

Advanced scientific terminology.

A tessitura harmónica da peça deixa os acordes em aberto, sem resolução.

The harmonic texture of the piece leaves the chords open, without resolution.

Advanced musicology terminology.

A sua política de portas abertas revelou-se uma faca de dois gumes.

His open-door policy proved to be a double-edged sword.

Complex idiomatic integration in a sociopolitical critique.

مترادف‌ها

destrancado escancarado inaugurado franco receptivo extrovertido pendente desimpedido

متضادها

fechado trancado encerrado resolvido

ترکیب‌های رایج

porta aberta

capital aberto

sinal aberto

código aberto

conta aberta

livro aberto

mente aberta

sorriso aberto

debate aberto

vaga aberta

عبارات رایج

em aberto

de braços abertos

a céu aberto

de coração aberto

em sinal aberto

ao ar livre

de capital aberto

de portas abertas

falar abertamente

deixar em aberto

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

Aberto vs abrido (non-existent word, common learner mistake)

Aberto vs inaugurado (used for the very first opening of a place)

Aberto vs destrancado (unlocked, but not necessarily open)

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"receber de braços abertos"

"ser um livro aberto"

"falar de coração aberto"

"jogar com as cartas abertas"

"ter a mente aberta"

"deixar a porta aberta"

"estar de olhos abertos"

"a peito aberto"

"ferida aberta"

"cheque em branco/aberto"

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

Aberto vs

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

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نحوه استفاده

regional variations

Universally understood across all Portuguese-speaking regions with minor pronunciation differences in the final vowel.

literal vs figurative

Literal use is for physical barriers (doors) and business operations. Figurative use is for personality (frankness) and status (unresolved).

اشتباهات رایج

Using 'abrido' instead of 'aberto' as the past participle.
Forgetting to change 'aberto' to 'aberta' when describing feminine nouns (e.g., saying 'a porta está aberto').
Using 'aberto' instead of 'ligado' for electronic devices (e.g., saying 'a TV está aberta' instead of 'a TV está ligada').
Making 'aberto' agree with the object when used with the auxiliary verb 'ter' (e.g., saying 'tenho abertas as portas' instead of 'tenho aberto as portas').
Using just 'aberto' instead of 'em aberto' when talking about pending or unresolved abstract issues.

نکات

Never say 'abrido'

This is the golden rule for the verb 'abrir'. Erase 'abrido' from your mind. Whether you are using it as an adjective or a past participle, the word is always 'aberto'. Repeating this rule will save you from the most common beginner mistake.

Check the Noun's Gender

Before you say 'aberto', quickly identify the noun it describes. Is it a door (a porta)? Then it's 'aberta'. Is it a book (o livro)? Then it's 'aberto'. Building this habit early is crucial for fluency.

Look at Shop Signs

When walking in a Portuguese-speaking city, pay attention to the signs on shop doors. You will constantly see 'Aberto' and 'Fechado'. This visual reinforcement is a great way to cement the literal meaning in your memory.

Use 'De braços abertos'

If you want to sound native and express warmth, use the phrase 'de braços abertos' when talking about welcoming guests. It shows a deep understanding of Portuguese cultural hospitality.

Ser vs. Estar is Key

Remember the fundamental difference: 'Ele é aberto' (He is an open person) vs. 'Ele está aberto' (He is open to suggestions right now). Mixing these up can completely change the meaning of your sentence.

Master 'Em aberto'

If you work in a Portuguese-speaking environment, 'em aberto' is essential vocabulary. Use it to describe unpaid invoices, pending tasks, or unresolved meeting agenda items. It sounds very professional.

Stress the Middle Syllable

Make sure you put the emphasis on the 'BER' syllable: a-BER-to. Misplacing the stress can make the word hard for native speakers to understand quickly.

Livro Aberto

Call someone a 'livro aberto' (open book) if they are very easy to read or hide no secrets. It's a direct translation from English and works perfectly in Portuguese.

Invariable with 'Ter'

When you use 'ter' to form a past tense (e.g., Eu tenho aberto), do NOT change 'aberto' to match the object. 'Eu tenho aberto as janelas' is correct. 'Eu tenho abertas as janelas' is wrong in modern usage.

TV and Media

When you hear 'sinal aberto' or 'televisão aberta', know that it means free, public broadcasting, not cable or subscription services. This is a very common media term.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

A BEAR TOes the line when the door is ABERTO (open).

ریشه کلمه

From Latin 'apertus', past participle of 'aperire' (to open).

بافت فرهنگی

In Angolan markets (praças), trading is often done 'a céu aberto' (in the open air), a vital part of the local economy.

In Brazil, 'televisão aberta' refers to the free, public TV channels that dominate the media landscape, as opposed to 'TV por assinatura' (cable).

In Portugal, you might hear 'sinal aberto' for free-to-air TV. Also, 'estar aberto' is frequently used to confirm if a café is serving coffee late at night.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"A que horas o supermercado está aberto?"

"Você se considera uma pessoa de mente aberta?"

"Pode deixar a porta aberta, por favor?"

"Quais são as questões que ainda estão em aberto na reunião?"

"Você prefere trabalhar em um escritório aberto ou fechado?"

موضوعات نگارش

Descreva uma vez em que você foi recebido de braços abertos.

O que significa para você ter a mente aberta?

Escreva sobre um problema na sua vida que ainda está em aberto.

Descreva o seu café favorito quando está aberto e cheio de pessoas.

Como você se sente quando fala de coração aberto com alguém?

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

No, 'abrido' does not exist in standard modern Portuguese. The past participle of 'abrir' is strictly irregular. You must always use 'aberto'. Using 'abrido' is a very common mistake for beginners, but it sounds completely wrong to native speakers. Always correct yourself to 'aberto'.

Because 'aberto' functions as an adjective, it must follow the rules of Portuguese grammar and agree with the noun it describes. If the noun is feminine (like 'a porta'), the adjective becomes feminine ('aberta'). If it is plural (like 'as janelas'), it becomes plural ('abertas').

It does not change when it is used as a past participle with the auxiliary verb 'ter' to form compound tenses. For example, 'Eu tenho aberto a porta' (I have opened the door). Even though 'porta' is feminine, 'aberto' remains masculine singular because it is part of the verb phrase 'tenho aberto'.

'Ser aberto' describes a permanent characteristic or personality trait. It means someone is extroverted, honest, or open-minded. 'Estar aberto' describes a temporary physical state. It means a door is currently open, or a shop is currently operating and receiving customers.

'Em aberto' is an idiomatic expression that means 'pending', 'unresolved', or 'undecided'. It is used for abstract concepts. For example, 'uma conta em aberto' is an unpaid bill, and 'uma questão em aberto' is an unresolved question. It is invariable and does not change gender or number.

While primarily an adjective and participle, it can occasionally function as a noun in specific contexts, such as 'o Aberto de Tênis' (The Tennis Open), referring to a sports tournament. However, the noun form for the act of opening is 'abertura'.

The standard translation for open source in technology is 'código aberto'. This is a direct translation and is universally understood in the IT sector across Portuguese-speaking countries.

It literally translates to 'with open arms'. It is a very common idiomatic expression used to describe welcoming someone warmly, with great hospitality and joy. For example, 'Eles nos receberam de braços abertos'.

No. In English, you might 'open' an app, but in Portuguese, you 'abrir' an app. However, for turning on lights, TVs, or machines, you use the verb 'ligar' (to turn on), not 'abrir'. You do not say 'a luz está aberta', you say 'a luz está ligada'.

In European Portuguese and many Brazilian dialects, the unstressed 'o' at the end of a word is pronounced like a short 'u' sound (oo). So, 'aberto' sounds more like 'a-BER-tu'. In some parts of Brazil, it is pronounced more like an 'o', but the 'u' sound is very common and natural.

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