放纵 در ۳۰ ثانیه
- 放纵 (fàng zòng) means to indulge or let oneself/others behave without restraint.
- It carries a negative connotation of excess, lack of control, or leniency.
- Used in contexts of personal habits, parenting, and social commentary.
- Contrast with 'enjoyment' (享受) which is neutral.
- Core Meaning
- The Chinese word '放纵' (fàng zòng) literally translates to 'release' or 'indulge' and 'unrestrained' or 'uninhibited'. Together, it signifies allowing oneself or others to behave without restraint, often in a way that is considered excessive or morally questionable. It implies a lack of self-control or a deliberate choice to ignore rules or discipline.
- Contexts of Use
- '放纵' is used in various contexts, including personal behavior, parenting, and societal issues. It can describe someone indulging in excessive eating, drinking, or entertainment. In parenting, it might refer to parents being too lenient with their children, allowing them to do whatever they want. Societally, it can describe a general atmosphere of permissiveness or a failure to enforce laws and regulations. The word carries a generally negative connotation, suggesting a departure from discipline, moderation, or ethical conduct. It's often used when discussing the consequences of such behavior, such as a decline in personal character or social order. For instance, a parent might regret having '放纵' their child too much, leading to behavioral problems. Similarly, a historian might analyze a period of societal decline as a result of widespread '放纵'. The term can also be used more subtly to describe a fleeting moment of giving in to temptation, though its primary usage leans towards a more sustained pattern of unchecked behavior. Understanding '放纵' requires recognizing its implication of a conscious decision to deviate from stricter norms or self-imposed limitations. It's not simply about enjoying oneself, but about doing so to an extent that compromises responsibility or well-being.
- Nuances
- While '放纵' often implies a negative outcome, it can also be used in situations where someone is breaking free from strict routines or expectations, albeit with a hint of caution. For example, after a period of intense work, one might decide to '放纵' for a short while, but the term still carries the implication that this is a deviation from the norm and might need to be reined in later. The degree of '放纵' can vary, from minor indulgences to significant moral failings. The context is crucial in determining the severity and implications of the word. It's important to distinguish '放纵' from simple enjoyment or relaxation; '放纵' suggests an excess that can lead to problems. The word emphasizes a lack of self-control and a yielding to desires without proper consideration for consequences. It is a concept that touches upon personal ethics, discipline, and the balance between freedom and responsibility. The implications of '放纵' can extend from individual character development to the broader societal fabric, highlighting the importance of moderation and self-regulation in maintaining a healthy and functional life and society.
他年轻时过于放纵，导致身体状况不佳。
父母不应该对孩子过于放纵。
在这个节日里，人们可以适当放纵一下自己。
过度放纵会损害你的健康和事业。
她决定暂时放纵一下，享受一下美食。
- Subject + 放纵 + Object (optional)
- This is the most straightforward structure. The subject is the one doing the indulging or allowing indulgence, and the object is what is being indulged in. This can be a direct indulgence in an activity or an indulgence towards another person. For example, '他放纵了自己' (Tā fàngzòngle zìjǐ - He indulged himself). Or, '父母放纵了孩子' (Fùmǔ fàngzòngle háizi - The parents indulged the child). The object can also be abstract, like '欲望' (yùwàng - desire). '他放纵了自己的欲望' (Tā fàngzòngle zìjǐ de yùwàng - He indulged his desires).
- Subject + 对 + Object + 放纵
- This structure is commonly used when referring to indulging *in* something or being lenient *towards* someone or something. The '对' (duì) preposition indicates the target of the indulgence. For example, '他对美食的放纵是出了名的' (Tā duì měishí de fàngzòng shì chūlemíng de - His indulgence in delicious food is notorious). Another example is '我们不能对犯罪行为放纵' (Wǒmen bùnéng duì fànzuì xíngwéi fàngzòng - We cannot indulge criminal behavior). This structure emphasizes the object of the indulgence.
- Adverbial Phrases Modifying 放纵
- Adverbs or adverbial phrases can be added to specify the manner or extent of the indulgence. Common adverbs include '过于' (guòyú - overly), '纵情' (zòngqíng - unrestrainedly, often with emotion), '任由' (rènyóu - allow freely, let go). For instance, '他过于放纵自己，结果生病了' (Tā guòyú fàngzòng zìjǐ, jiéguǒ shēngbìng le - He indulged himself overly, and as a result, got sick). '她纵情歌唱，全然不顾周围的人' (Tā zòngqíng gēchàng, quánrán bùgù zhōuwéi de rén - She sang unrestrainedly, completely ignoring the people around her). '不要任由孩子放纵玩耍' (Bùyào rènyóu háizi fàngzòng wánshuǎ - Do not let children indulge in playing freely).
- 放纵 + Verb (as a noun phrase)
- In some cases, '放纵' can be followed by a verb to describe the act of indulging in that specific activity. This acts somewhat like a nominalization. For example, '他放纵玩乐' (Tā fàngzòng wánlè - He indulged in playing and having fun). '她放纵享受' (Tā fàngzòng xiǎngshòu - She indulged in enjoyment). This is less common than the other structures but is used to describe a broader sense of unrestrained engagement in an activity.
- 放纵 + Noun (as a noun phrase)
- Similar to the above, '放纵' can be followed by a noun to indicate the object of indulgence, creating a noun phrase. For example, '他对美食的放纵' (Tā duì měishí de fàngzòng - His indulgence in delicious food). '这种放纵行为' (Zhè zhǒng fàngzòng xíngwéi - This kind of indulgent behavior). This usage often appears in more descriptive or analytical contexts.
年轻人应该有节制，不要过早放纵。
她对甜食的放纵是众所周知的。
我们不能对这种不负责任的行为放纵。
过度放纵会带来严重的后果。
他决定暂时放纵一下，好好休息。
- Parenting and Education
- In discussions about child-rearing, you'll frequently hear '放纵' used to describe parents who are too permissive. For example, a grandparent might comment, '你太放纵孩子了，他们会不听话的' (Nǐ tài fàngzòng háizi le, tāmen huì bù tīnghuà de - You are too indulgent with your children, they will be disobedient). Educators might also use it when discussing student behavior that lacks discipline, such as '学校不应该对学生的迟到行为放纵' (Xuéxiào bù yīnggāi duì xuéshēng de chídào xíngwéi fàngzòng - Schools should not indulge students' tardiness). This context often involves a cautionary tone, warning against the negative consequences of excessive leniency.
- Personal Health and Lifestyle
- When people talk about health, diet, or exercise, '放纵' often comes up to describe giving in to unhealthy habits. You might hear someone say, '我今天放纵了一下，吃了好多蛋糕' (Wǒ jīntiān fàngzòng le yīxià, chī le hǎo duō dàngāo - I indulged myself a bit today and ate a lot of cake). Or in a more serious context, '长期放纵饮食会导致肥胖' (Chángqí fàngzòng yǐnshí huì dǎozhì féipàng - Long-term indulgence in eating will lead to obesity). This usage highlights the contrast between healthy living and succumbing to desires.
- Social Commentary and Morality
- In broader social discussions, '放纵' can describe societal trends or the behavior of groups. For instance, news reports or opinion pieces might discuss '社会风气的放纵' (Shèhuì fēngqì de fàngzòng - The permissiveness of social atmosphere) or criticize '对腐败的放纵' (Duì fǔbài de fàngzòng - Indulgence towards corruption). It's often used in contexts where rules or ethical standards are perceived to be declining. You might hear a politician say, '我们不能放纵这种违法行为' (Wǒmen bùnéng fàngzòng zhè zhǒng wéifǎ xíngwéi - We cannot indulge this kind of illegal behavior).
- Literature and Art
- In novels, films, or poetry, '放纵' can be used to describe characters who are self-indulgent, rebellious, or who engage in decadent lifestyles. It can be a key element in character development, showing a character's flaws or their struggle with temptation. For example, a character might be described as having a '放纵的灵魂' (fàngzòng de línghún - an indulgent soul) or engaging in '放纵的享乐' (fàngzòng de xiǎnglè - indulgent pleasures). This usage often adds depth and complexity to narrative arcs.
- Personal Reflection and Regret
- People might use '放纵' when reflecting on past mistakes or making resolutions. Someone might say, '我后悔过去对自己的放纵' (Wǒ hòuhuǐ guòqù duì zìjǐ de fàngzòng - I regret my past indulgence in myself). Or, '新的一年，我要开始自律，不再放纵' (Xīn de yī nián, wǒ yào kāishǐ zìlǜ, bù zài fàngzòng - In the new year, I want to start being self-disciplined and no longer indulge). This personal context emphasizes the internal struggle for control.
新闻报道中经常提到对犯罪行为的放纵。
她的小说描绘了一个放纵而又迷人的角色。
医生告诫他不要放纵于不健康的饮食习惯。
许多家长担心过度的放纵会让孩子变得娇生惯养。
在反思过去的一年时，他意识到自己对金钱的放纵。
- Confusing '放纵' with '享受' (xiǎngshòu - to enjoy)
- A common mistake is to use '放纵' when '享受' is more appropriate. '享受' simply means to enjoy something, without any implication of excess or lack of control. For example, saying '我放纵了我的晚餐' (Wǒ fàngzòngle wǒ de wǎncān - I indulged my dinner) is incorrect. The correct phrasing would be '我享受了我的晚餐' (Wǒ xiǎngshòule wǒ de wǎncān - I enjoyed my dinner). '放纵' implies going beyond moderation, whereas '享受' is simply about experiencing pleasure. Using '放纵' for normal enjoyment sounds strange and is grammatically incorrect.
- Overusing '放纵' for minor indulgences
- While '放纵' can describe a brief moment of indulgence, it's often associated with a more significant or sustained lack of control. Learners might overuse it for everyday small pleasures, which can sound overly dramatic or even self-critical. For instance, instead of saying '我放纵地喝了一杯咖啡' (Wǒ fàngzòng de hē le yī bēi kāfēi - I indulgently drank a cup of coffee), it's more natural to say '我享受地喝了一杯咖啡' (Wǒ xiǎngshòu de hē le yī bēi kāfēi - I enjoyed drinking a cup of coffee) or simply '我喝了一杯咖啡' (Wǒ hē le yī bēi kāfēi - I drank a cup of coffee). Reserve '放纵' for situations where there is a clear element of excess or a departure from a norm of self-control.
- Incorrectly applying '放纵' to neutral or positive actions
- '放纵' generally carries a negative or cautionary connotation. It's a mistake to use it to describe actions that are purely positive or neutral. For example, saying '他放纵地学习' (Tā fàngzòng de xuéxí - He indulgently studied) is nonsensical. Studying is usually seen as a disciplined activity, not one to be indulged in. If someone studies very hard, you would describe it with words like '努力' (nǔlì - diligent) or '刻苦' (kèkǔ - hardworking). '放纵' implies a lack of restraint, which is contrary to the concept of diligent study.
- Confusing '放纵' with '纵容' (zòngróng - to connive at, to indulge, to tolerate)
- While related, '放纵' and '纵容' have distinct nuances. '放纵' often refers to self-indulgence or allowing oneself to be unrestrained. '纵容', on the other hand, typically describes allowing or tolerating negative behavior in others, often with a sense of turning a blind eye. For example, '父母纵容了孩子的错误行为' (Fùmǔ zòngróngle háizi de cuòwù xíngwéi - Parents tolerated their child's wrong behavior) is correct. Using '放纵' here would be less precise, as it implies the parents themselves were indulging, rather than allowing the child's indulgence. While there can be overlap, '纵容' is more about passive allowance of others' misbehavior, whereas '放纵' is more about active indulgence.
- Grammatical Errors with '放纵' as a Verb
- As a verb, '放纵' needs to be used with appropriate grammatical markers. Forgetting to add particles like '了' (le) when indicating a completed action can lead to errors. For instance, '他放纵自己' (Tā fàngzòng zìjǐ) is grammatically sound, implying a general tendency. However, if you want to say he indulged himself yesterday, you need '他放纵了自己' (Tā fàngzòngle zìjǐ). Also, ensure the object of '放纵' is correctly placed, either directly after the verb or within a prepositional phrase using '对' (duì).
错误：我放纵地吃了晚餐。正确：我享受地吃了晚餐。
错误：他放纵地学习了。正确：他刻苦地学习了。
错误：老师放纵了学生的迟到。正确：老师纵容了学生的迟到。
错误：他放纵一杯茶。正确：他享受了一杯茶。
错误：家长放纵孩子。正确：家长纵容孩子。
- 享受 (xiǎngshòu) - To enjoy
- Comparison: '享受' is a neutral term for experiencing pleasure or benefit from something. It lacks the negative connotation of excess or lack of control inherent in '放纵'.
Usage: '我享受了一个美妙的假期。' (Wǒ xiǎngshòule yīgè měimiào de jiàqī - I enjoyed a wonderful vacation.) This is a simple statement of pleasure. If you used '放纵', it would imply you overdid it during the vacation. - 纵容 (zòngróng) - To indulge, to connive at, to tolerate
- Comparison: '纵容' specifically refers to allowing or tolerating bad behavior in others, often by being lenient or turning a blind eye. '放纵' can be self-indulgence or allowing others, but '纵容' is primarily about the passive allowance of others' wrongdoing.
Usage: '家长不应纵容孩子的错误。' (Jiāzhǎng bù yīng zòngróng háizi de cuòwù - Parents should not tolerate their children's mistakes.) Here, the parents are allowing the mistakes to happen. - 放任 (fàngrèn) - To let go, to let be, to leave unchecked
- Comparison: '放任' emphasizes a lack of intervention or control, allowing things to develop naturally without guidance. It can be similar to '纵容' in that it involves not stopping something, but it's more about a general lack of oversight rather than specific tolerance of bad behavior.
Usage: '他对孩子采取放任政策。' (Tā duì háizi cǎiqǔ fàngrèn zhèngcè - He adopted a laissez-faire policy towards the children.) This implies a hands-off approach. - 沉迷 (chénmí) - To be addicted to, to be engrossed in
- Comparison: '沉迷' implies a deep, often unhealthy, obsession with something, leading to a loss of control and neglect of other responsibilities. While '放纵' can lead to '沉迷', '沉迷' is a state of addiction, whereas '放纵' is the act of indulging.
Usage: '他沉迷于网络游戏。' (Tā chénmí yú wǎngluò yóuxì - He is addicted to online games.) This describes an unhealthy dependence. - 放荡 (fàngdàng) - Debauched, dissolute, licentious
- Comparison: '放荡' is a stronger and more negative term, specifically referring to unrestrained and often immoral or sexually promiscuous behavior. It's a more extreme form of '放纵'.
Usage: '他的生活放荡不羁。' (Tā de shēnghuó fàngdàng bùjī - His life was dissolute and unrestrained.) This describes a lifestyle of excessive and immoral indulgence. - 放飞 (fàngfēi) - To let fly, to set free
- Comparison: '放飞' literally means to release something to fly, like a bird or a balloon. Metaphorically, it can mean to express oneself freely or to let go of inhibitions. However, it usually carries a more positive or neutral connotation of liberation, unlike the often negative '放纵'.
Usage: '我们放飞了孔明灯。' (Wǒmen fàngfēile kǒngmíngdēng - We released sky lanterns.) Or, '让心灵自由地放飞。' (Ràng xīnlíng zìyóu de fàngfēi - Let the soul freely soar.)
享受 vs 放纵: '我享受了美味的蛋糕。' vs '我放纵地吃了很多蛋糕。'
纵容 vs 放纵: '父母纵容孩子的坏习惯。' vs '他放纵自己的坏习惯。'
放任 vs 放纵: '学校对学生的行为放任不管。' vs '他在假期放纵了自己。'
沉迷 vs 放纵: '他沉迷于赌博。' (addiction) vs '他放纵于赌博。' (act of indulging)
放荡 vs 放纵: '放荡' is more extreme and often implies immorality.
چقدر رسمی است؟
نکته جالب
The character '纵' itself is composed of '糸' (sī, silk thread) and '从' (cóng, to follow). The original meaning might have related to silk threads that were allowed to hang loosely or spread out, hence the sense of being unrestrained. This imagery reinforces the concept of letting go.
راهنمای تلفظ
- Pronouncing 'f' as aspirated (like in 'fan').
- Not nasalizing the 'ang' and 'ong' sounds correctly.
- Confusing the 'z' sound with an English 'z' or 's'. It's more of a 'dz' sound.
- Not giving equal weight to both syllables.
سطح دشواری
Understanding '放纵' in reading requires grasping its nuanced negative connotations and its usage in various contexts, from personal habits to social commentary. Recognizing its difference from neutral terms like '享受' is key.
Accurate usage in writing involves choosing the right context and grammatical structure. Learners might struggle with distinguishing it from similar words like '纵容' or overusing it for simple enjoyment.
Pronouncing it correctly and using it appropriately in spoken conversation can be challenging. Learners need to be sensitive to the negative implications and avoid sounding overly critical or dramatic.
Identifying '放纵' in spoken Chinese requires listening for its specific pronunciation and understanding the context to grasp its negative or cautionary meaning.
بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟
پیشنیازها
بعداً یاد بگیرید
پیشرفته
گرامر لازم
Using the particle '了' (le) to indicate completed action with '放纵'.
他昨天放纵了自己吃了很多冰淇淋。 (He indulged himself by eating a lot of ice cream yesterday.)
Using '对' (duì) to indicate the target of indulgence or leniency.
我们不能对这种恶劣的行为放纵。 (We cannot indulge in this kind of bad behavior.)
Using adverbs to modify '放纵'.
他过度放纵，导致了健康问题。 (He indulged excessively, leading to health problems.)
Using '放纵' as part of a noun phrase.
这种放纵的态度是不可取的。 (This indulgent attitude is undesirable.)
Distinguishing '放纵' from '享受' (enjoy) and '纵容' (tolerate).
我享受了美食，但我不会放纵自己吃太多。 (I enjoyed the delicious food, but I won't indulge myself by eating too much.)
مثالها بر اساس سطح
他太放纵了，吃了很多糖。
He is too indulgent, ate a lot of candy.
'太...了' (tài...le) structure for 'too'.
不要放纵你的宠物。
Do not indulge your pet.
Imperative sentence structure.
假期里，他放纵了一点。
During the holiday, he indulged a little.
'一点' (yīdiǎn) meaning 'a little'.
父母应该管教孩子，而不是放纵。
Parents should discipline children, not indulge them.
Using '而不是' (ér bùshì) for 'instead of'.
他喜欢放纵自己吃好吃的。
He likes to indulge himself by eating delicious food.
'喜欢' (xǐhuan) meaning 'to like'.
我们不能放纵这种行为。
We cannot indulge this kind of behavior.
'这种' (zhè zhǒng) meaning 'this kind of'.
他年轻时有点放纵。
He was a bit indulgent in his youth.
'有点' (yǒudiǎn) meaning 'a bit'.
她对购物有点放纵。
She is a bit indulgent with shopping.
Using '对...有点放纵' (duì...yǒudiǎn fàngzòng) for being a bit indulgent towards something.
过度放纵自己的欲望可能会带来不良后果。
Excessively indulging one's desires may bring about negative consequences.
'欲望' (yùwàng) - desires; '不良后果' (bùliáng hòuguǒ) - negative consequences.
父母的过度放纵往往会导致孩子变得娇生惯养。
Parents' excessive indulgence often leads to children becoming spoiled.
'往往' (wǎngwǎng) - often; '娇生惯养' (jiāo shēng guàn yǎng) - spoiled.
在压力大的时候，有些人会选择放纵一下来放松。
When under great pressure, some people choose to indulge a bit to relax.
'压力大' (yālì dà) - high pressure; '放松' (fàngsōng) - to relax.
这个社会对某些不当行为似乎过于放纵了。
This society seems overly indulgent towards certain inappropriate behaviors.
'不当行为' (bùdāng xíngwéi) - inappropriate behavior; '似乎' (sìhū) - seems.
他年轻时放纵不羁，后来才意识到自律的重要性。
He was unrestrained and indulgent in his youth, only later realizing the importance of self-discipline.
'不羁' (bùjī) - unrestrained; '自律' (zìlǜ) - self-discipline.
我们不能对公共秩序的破坏行为放纵。
We cannot indulge behavior that disrupts public order.
'公共秩序' (gōnggòng zhìxù) - public order; '破坏' (pòhuài) - destruction.
她决定暂时放纵一下，享受美食，然后开始减肥。
She decided to indulge herself for a while, enjoy delicious food, and then start dieting.
'减肥' (jiǎnféi) - to lose weight.
过度放纵于娱乐会影响学业。
Excessive indulgence in entertainment will affect one's studies.
'娱乐' (yúlè) - entertainment; '学业' (xuéyè) - studies.
历史学家们认为，一个文明的衰落往往伴随着道德的放纵。
Historians believe that the decline of a civilization is often accompanied by moral indulgence.
'文明' (wénmíng) - civilization; '衰落' (shuāiluò) - decline; '道德' (dàodé) - morality.
他沉湎于过去的辉煌，对现状的放纵态度让他错失了许多机会。
He was immersed in past glories, and his indulgent attitude towards the current situation caused him to miss many opportunities.
'沉湎于' (chénmiǎn yú) - to be immersed in; '现状' (xiànzhuàng) - current situation; '错失' (cuòshī) - to miss.
过度放纵消费不仅损害个人财务，也可能导致社会资源的浪费。
Excessive indulgence in consumption not only damages personal finances but can also lead to the waste of social resources.
'消费' (xiāofèi) - consumption; '财务' (cáiwù) - finances; '资源' (zīyuán) - resources.
教育者们呼吁家长不要对孩子的叛逆行为放纵，而应加以引导。
Educators call on parents not to indulge their children's rebellious behavior, but rather to guide them.
'叛逆' (pànnì) - rebellious; '呼吁' (hūyù) - to call on; '加以引导' (jiāyǐ yǐndǎo) - to guide.
在艺术创作中，适度的放纵可以激发灵感，但过犹不及。
In artistic creation, moderate indulgence can spark inspiration, but too much is as bad as too little.
'艺术创作' (yìshù chuàngzuò) - artistic creation; '激发灵感' (jīfā línggǎn) - to spark inspiration; '过犹不及' (guò yóu bù jí) - too much is as bad as too little.
他认为，对网络信息的无节制放纵是导致信息焦虑的重要原因。
He believes that the unrestrained indulgence in online information is an important cause of information anxiety.
'无节制' (wú jiézhì) - unrestrained; '信息焦虑' (xìnxī jiāolǜ) - information anxiety.
尽管生活艰苦，她从未放纵自己抱怨。
Despite the hardships of life, she never indulged herself in complaining.
'艰苦' (jiānkǔ) - hardships; '抱怨' (bàoyuàn) - to complain.
社会管理者必须警惕对任何形式的腐败放纵。
Social administrators must be vigilant against indulgence in any form of corruption.
'管理者' (guǎnlǐ zhě) - administrators; '警惕' (jǐngtì) - vigilant; '腐败' (fǔbài) - corruption.
那种对感官享乐的无限制的放纵，最终导致了其精神世界的枯竭。
That kind of unlimited indulgence in sensual pleasures ultimately led to the depletion of their spiritual world.
'感官享乐' (gǎnguān xiǎnglè) - sensual pleasures; '枯竭' (kūjié) - depletion, exhaustion.
历史长河中，我们可以看到许多文明因内部的放纵和腐化而走向衰亡。
In the long river of history, we can see many civilizations heading towards decline due to internal indulgence and corruption.
'历史长河' (lìshǐ chánghé) - long river of history; '腐化' (fǔhuà) - corruption, moral decay.
他试图通过对艺术的放纵来逃避现实的乏味和单调。
He attempted to escape the dullness and monotony of reality through indulgence in art.
'乏味' (fáwèi) - dullness; '单调' (dāndiào) - monotony.
对市场经济的过度放纵可能引发金融危机，需要审慎的监管。
Excessive indulgence in the market economy may trigger a financial crisis, requiring prudent regulation.
'市场经济' (shìchǎng jīngjì) - market economy; '金融危机' (jīnróng wēijī) - financial crisis; '审慎的监管' (shěnshèn de jiānguǎn) - prudent regulation.
现代社会高度发达的娱乐产业，是否在某种程度上鼓励了对现实的放纵？
Does the highly developed entertainment industry in modern society, to some extent, encourage indulgence in reality?
'娱乐产业' (yúlè chǎnyè) - entertainment industry; '某种程度上' (mǒu zhǒng chéngdù shàng) - to some extent.
那些曾经被视为禁忌的行为，如今却在某些文化中被放纵甚至颂扬。
Behaviors once considered taboo are now indulged or even celebrated in some cultures.
'禁忌' (jìnjì) - taboo; '颂扬' (sòngyáng) - to praise, celebrate.
领导者必须警惕内部的放纵和裙带关系，它们是组织效率的毒药。
Leaders must be vigilant against internal indulgence and cronyism, which are poisons to organizational efficiency.
'裙带关系' (qúndài guānxì) - cronyism, nepotism; '毒药' (dúyào) - poison.
与其一味地放纵自己，不如找到一种健康的方式来平衡工作与生活。
Instead of indulging oneself blindly, it is better to find a healthy way to balance work and life.
'一味地' (yīwèi de) - blindly, persistently; '平衡' (pínghéng) - to balance.
哲学探讨了人类在自由意志与本能冲动之间，如何界定放纵的边界。
Philosophy explores how humans define the boundaries of indulgence between free will and instinctual impulses.
'哲学' (zhéxué) - philosophy; '自由意志' (zìyóu yìzhì) - free will; '本能冲动' (běnnéng chōngdòng) - instinctual impulses.
艺术评论家们对这位艺术家作品中显露出的对形式的放纵给予了褒贬不一的评价。
Art critics have given mixed reviews to the indulgence in form displayed in this artist's work.
'艺术评论家' (yìshù pínglùn jiā) - art critics; '显露' (xiǎnlù) - to display, reveal; '褒贬不一' (bāobiǎn bùyī) - mixed reviews.
过度放纵于虚拟世界，可能导致个体与现实社会联系的疏离。
Excessive indulgence in the virtual world can lead to the alienation of individuals from real society.
'虚拟世界' (xūnǐ shìjiè) - virtual world; '疏离' (shūlí) - alienation, estrangement.
在追求个人自由的同时，社会必须警惕放纵可能带来的无政府状态。
While pursuing individual freedom, society must be wary of the anarchy that indulgence may bring.
'无政府状态' (wúzhèngfǔ zhuàngtài) - anarchy, state of lawlessness.
他通过一系列的放纵行为，试图填补内心的空虚和不安全感。
He attempted to fill his inner emptiness and insecurity through a series of indulgent behaviors.
'内心' (nèixīn) - inner heart/mind; '不安全感' (bù ānquán gǎn) - insecurity.
历史上的某些时期，贵族阶层的放纵生活方式被视为社会动荡的诱因之一。
In certain historical periods, the indulgent lifestyle of the aristocracy was seen as one of the causes of social unrest.
'贵族阶层' (guìzú jiēcéng) - aristocracy; '社会动荡' (shèhuì dòngdàng) - social unrest; '诱因' (yòuyīn) - cause, trigger.
面对诱惑，保持清醒的头脑和适度的界限，是避免放纵的关键。
Facing temptation, maintaining a clear mind and moderate boundaries is key to avoiding indulgence.
'诱惑' (yòuhuò) - temptation; '清醒的头脑' (qīngxǐng de tóunǎo) - clear mind; '界限' (jièxiàn) - boundary.
这种对艺术形式的极端放纵，挑战了传统的审美观念。
This extreme indulgence in artistic forms challenges traditional aesthetic concepts.
'极端' (jíduān) - extreme; '审美观念' (shěnměi guānniàn) - aesthetic concepts.
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
— To indulge oneself a little or for a short period.
工作太辛苦了，我决定放纵一下，吃顿大餐。 (Work is too hard, I decided to indulge myself with a big meal.)
— To indulge excessively; to go too far in indulgence.
过度放纵会导致许多问题。 (Excessive indulgence will lead to many problems.)
— To indulge oneself; to give in to one's own desires without restraint.
在假期里，他终于可以放纵自己了。 (During the holiday, he could finally indulge himself.)
— To be lenient or indulgent towards something or someone.
我们不能对犯罪行为放纵。 (We cannot be lenient towards criminal behavior.)
— Unrestrained and dissolute; wild and free-spirited.
他年轻时放纵不羁，后来才变得成熟。 (He was unrestrained and wild in his youth, and only later became mature.)
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
'享受' is a neutral term for enjoyment, while '放纵' implies excess and lack of control. Using '放纵' for simple enjoyment is incorrect.
'纵容' typically means tolerating or allowing bad behavior in others, whereas '放纵' can be self-indulgence or allowing others, but with a broader sense of unrestrained behavior.
'放任' means to let go or leave unchecked, emphasizing a lack of intervention. '放纵' is more about active indulgence or permissiveness.
اصطلاحات و عبارات
— To indulge in pleasure without restraint; to live a life of revelry.
他过着纵情享乐的生活，不考虑未来。 (He lived a life of unrestrained pleasure, without considering the future.)
Neutral to Negative— Desires are hard to satisfy; the abyss of desire is hard to fill. This idiom describes a state of insatiable greed or desire, often a result of indulgence.
他贪得无厌，真是欲壑难填。 (He is insatiably greedy, truly the abyss of desire is hard to fill.)
Negative— A life of luxury and dissipation; living in a world of extravagance and sensual pleasures.
他沉迷于纸醉金迷的生活，最终耗尽了家产。 (He was immersed in a life of luxury and dissipation, and finally exhausted his family fortune.)
Negative— To do as one pleases; to follow one's inclinations without restraint. While similar to indulgence, it can also simply mean freedom of action.
他是个随心所欲的人，不喜欢被束缚。 (He is a person who does as he pleases, and dislikes being constrained.)
Neutral— To drink poison to quench thirst; to seek a temporary solution that is ultimately destructive.
靠借高利贷来维持生活，无异于饮鸩止渴。 (Maintaining life by borrowing at high interest is no different from drinking poison to quench thirst.)
Negative— Extreme joy leads to sorrow; excessive indulgence can lead to downfall.
他们乐极生悲，因为一次意外的事故。 (They experienced extreme joy leading to sorrow due to an unexpected accident.)
Neutral— To behave in a wild, unrestrained, or dissolute manner; to cast off all restraints.
他是一位放浪形骸的艺术家。 (He is an artist who behaves in a wild, unrestrained manner.)
Neutral to Negative— Extravagant and wasteful; spending money without restraint.
他的靡费不省的生活方式让他负债累累。 (His extravagant and wasteful lifestyle left him heavily in debt.)
Negative— Arrogant, extravagant, dissolute, and lascivious; characterized by extreme luxury and immorality.
统治者的骄奢淫逸最终导致了人民的起义。 (The ruler's arrogance, extravagance, and immorality ultimately led to the people's uprising.)
Strongly Negative— To be lost in indulgence and refuse to repent or change; to be irredeemably addicted.
他赌博沉迷不悟，家人都拿他没办法。 (He is irredeemably addicted to gambling, and his family can do nothing about him.)
Negativeبهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Both words involve allowing something to happen without proper restraint.
'放纵' primarily refers to the act of indulging oneself or allowing oneself to behave without limits. It can also refer to being lenient with others. '纵容', however, specifically describes the act of tolerating or conniving at the misbehavior of others, often implying that the person has the power to stop it but chooses not to. For example, a parent might '放纵' (indulge) their child with too many toys, but they would '纵容' (tolerate) their child's rudeness if they don't correct it.
他放纵了自己吃了很多甜点。 (He indulged himself by eating a lot of desserts.) 父母不应纵容孩子的坏习惯。 (Parents should not tolerate their children's bad habits.)
Both words can be related to pleasure and satisfaction.
'享受' means to enjoy something, to derive pleasure from it. It is a neutral term and does not carry any implication of excess or lack of control. '放纵' implies going beyond moderation, yielding to desires without proper restraint, and often has negative connotations. For instance, enjoying a meal is '享受', but eating excessively to the point of discomfort is '放纵'.
我非常享受这次旅行。 (I greatly enjoyed this trip.) 他放纵于旅行中的美食，结果胖了十斤。 (He indulged himself in the delicious food during the trip, and as a result, gained ten pounds.)
Both words involve a lack of control or intervention.
'放任' means to let things be, to allow them to develop naturally without interference or guidance. It often implies a passive approach or a laissez-faire attitude. '放纵' is more active; it involves indulging oneself or others, or being excessively lenient, which is a form of allowing but with a stronger sense of yielding to desires or permissiveness. For example, a teacher might '放任' students to work at their own pace, but they would '放纵' them if they allowed them to cheat.
学校对学生的行为采取了放任政策。 (The school adopted a laissez-faire policy towards the students' behavior.) 我们不能对这种不守规矩的行为放纵。 (We cannot indulge in this kind of rule-breaking behavior.)
Both describe a state of being deeply involved in something, often to a detrimental extent.
'放纵' refers to the act of indulging or behaving without restraint. It is the action. '沉溺' describes the state of being deeply engrossed or addicted to something, often to the point of neglecting other responsibilities. '放纵' can lead to '沉溺', but they are not the same. '放纵' is the indulgence, '沉溺' is the resulting state of being lost in it.
他放纵于赌博，最终沉溺其中。 (He indulged in gambling and eventually became addicted to it.) 她放纵地玩游戏，结果沉溺了。 (She indulged herself by playing games, and as a result, became engrossed.)
Both describe unrestrained behavior.
'放荡' is a stronger and more negative term than '放纵'. It specifically refers to dissolute, debauched, or licentious behavior, often implying immorality and a lack of shame. '放纵' is more general and can refer to any kind of excessive indulgence, not necessarily immoral. For example, one might '放纵' their appetite for sweets, but '放荡' typically implies a more scandalous lifestyle.
他的生活放荡不羁，充满了各种不道德的行为。 (His life was dissolute and unrestrained, full of various immoral behaviors.) 他只是在假期里放纵了一下，吃了太多好吃的。 (He just indulged himself a bit during the holiday and ate too many delicious things.)
الگوهای جملهسازی
Subject + 放纵 + 了 + Object
他放纵了自己吃了很多零食。
Subject + 对 + Object + 放纵
我们不能对这种不负责任的行为放纵。
过度 + 放纵
过度放纵对健康不利。
Subject + 认为/觉得 + (Subject) + 对 + Object + 放纵
他认为父母不应该对孩子的任性放纵。
放纵 + Noun Phrase (e.g., 欲望, 行为)
这种放纵的欲望是危险的。
Adverbial phrase + 放纵 + Object
无节制地放纵自己的欲望会导致问题。
Subject + 试图通过 + 放纵 + (Object) + 来 + Verb
他试图通过放纵享乐来逃避现实。
Noun Phrase (e.g., 历史, 文明) + 因 + 放纵 + 而 + Verb
许多文明因内部的放纵而走向衰亡。
خانواده کلمه
اسمها
فعلها
مرتبط
نحوه استفاده
Medium
-
Using '放纵' for simple enjoyment.
→
Using '享受' (xiǎngshòu) for simple enjoyment.
'放纵' implies excess and lack of control, while '享受' is neutral. Saying '我放纵了我的晚餐' (I indulged my dinner) is incorrect; '我享受了我的晚餐' (I enjoyed my dinner) is correct.
-
Confusing '放纵' (self-indulgence/leniency) with '纵容' (tolerating others' misbehavior).
→
Using '放纵' for self-indulgence and '纵容' for tolerating others' bad actions.
'放纵' can be about oneself or others, but '纵容' specifically means letting others get away with wrongdoing. For example, '他放纵了自己' (He indulged himself), but '父母纵容了孩子的错误' (Parents tolerated their child's mistakes).
-
Overusing '放纵' for minor indulgences.
→
Using '放纵' only when there's a clear element of excess or lack of restraint.
Using '放纵' for everyday small pleasures can sound overly dramatic. For instance, instead of '我放纵地喝了杯咖啡' (I indulgently drank a cup of coffee), it's more natural to say '我享受地喝了杯咖啡' (I enjoyed drinking a cup of coffee).
-
Applying '放纵' to positive or neutral actions.
→
Using '放纵' only when there's an implication of excess, lack of control, or negative consequences.
'放纵' generally has negative connotations. It's incorrect to use it for diligent work or neutral activities. For example, '他放纵地学习' (He studied indulgently) is nonsensical; '他刻苦地学习' (He studied diligently) is correct.
-
Grammatical errors in verb usage.
→
Using '放纵' with correct particles and sentence structures.
Forgetting particles like '了' (le) for completed actions or misplacing the object can lead to errors. Ensure correct patterns like 'Subject + 放纵 + Object' or 'Subject + 对 + Object + 放纵'.
نکات
Master the Nasals
Pay close attention to the nasal vowel sounds in 'fàng' and 'zòng'. Practice saying them clearly to avoid mispronunciation. They are crucial for sounding natural.
Learn Antonyms
Understanding the opposites of '放纵' – such as '自律' (self-discipline) and '节制' (moderation) – will help solidify its meaning and usage. It highlights the contrast between control and lack of control.
Structure Matters
Remember the common sentence structures: Subject + 放纵 + Object, or Subject + 对 + Object + 放纵. Using the correct structure ensures your meaning is clear.
Create Visuals
Visualize scenarios associated with '放纵', like someone overeating or a parent being overly lenient. Strong visual associations can significantly aid memory retention.
Sentence Building
Try writing your own sentences using '放纵' in different contexts. The more you practice constructing sentences, the more comfortable you'll become with its usage.
Cultural Nuance
Be aware that '放纵' often carries a stronger negative connotation in Chinese culture due to emphasis on discipline and moderation, compared to some Western cultures.
Distinguish Similar Words
Actively compare '放纵' with '享受', '纵容', and '放任'. Understanding their subtle differences will prevent common mistakes and enhance your accuracy.
Use in Conversation
Don't be afraid to use '放纵' in conversation, but do so judiciously. Start with simpler contexts like personal habits or parenting before moving to more complex social commentary.
Regular Review
Periodically review the definition, example sentences, and common mistakes associated with '放纵' to reinforce your understanding and prevent forgetting.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Imagine a person '放' (fàng - letting go) of the '纵' (zòng - reins) of a wild horse. This image of releasing control over something powerful and potentially unruly can help remember the meaning of indulgence and lack of restraint.
تداعی تصویری
Picture a person at a lavish buffet, eating multiple desserts and looking extremely pleased but also a bit guilty, symbolizing unchecked desire and indulgence.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Try to use '放纵' in at least three different sentences describing different scenarios: one about personal habits, one about parenting, and one about societal issues. Focus on understanding the subtle differences in context.
ریشه کلمه
The word '放纵' is a compound word formed from two characters: '放' (fàng) and '纵' (zòng). '放' originally meant to release, to let go, or to set free. '纵' meant to extend, to spread out, or to be unrestrained and uninhibited. Together, they convey the idea of releasing oneself or allowing others to be unrestrained.
معنای اصلی: The combination of '放' (release) and '纵' (unrestrained) suggests the act of letting go of control and allowing free rein to one's actions or desires.
Sino-Tibetanبافت فرهنگی
The word '放纵' can be sensitive when discussing parenting, personal failures, or societal issues. It's important to use it appropriately and be aware of its negative implications. Avoid using it to describe simple enjoyment or harmless pleasures.
In English-speaking cultures, terms like 'indulgence', 'unrestrained', 'lenient', or 'dissolute' capture aspects of '放纵'. The cultural emphasis on individualism can sometimes lead to a more positive view of personal freedom and self-expression, which might overlap with less negative interpretations of '放纵' compared to traditional Chinese views.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
Parenting advice and discussions about child discipline.
- 不要放纵孩子。
- 父母的放纵。
- 过度放纵的后果。
Discussions about personal health, diet, and lifestyle choices.
- 放纵一下自己。
- 放纵饮食。
- 放纵于享乐。
Social commentary on societal trends, morality, and law enforcement.
- 对不法行为放纵。
- 社会的放纵。
- 道德的放纵。
Literary or artistic analysis of characters or themes.
- 放纵的灵魂。
- 放纵的艺术风格。
- 描绘放纵的生活。
Personal reflection on past mistakes or future resolutions.
- 后悔放纵。
- 不再放纵。
- 控制放纵的冲动。
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"What are some common ways people '放纵' themselves during holidays?"
"Do you think it's ever okay to '放纵' yourself, and if so, when?"
"How can parents avoid '放纵' their children while still being loving?"
"In your opinion, what are the signs of societal '放纵'?"
"Can you share a time when you felt you '放纵' too much, and what happened?"
موضوعات نگارش
Reflect on a time you chose to '放纵' yourself. What was the situation, what did you do, and what were the consequences?
Consider the balance between self-discipline and allowing yourself moments of indulgence. Where do you draw the line?
Write about a character in a book or movie who you think embodies '放纵'. Analyze their motivations and the impact of their behavior.
How does the concept of '放纵' relate to personal happiness and well-being in your culture?
Imagine you are a parent. What principles would guide your approach to discipline versus leniency when raising children?
سوالات متداول
10 سوالThe most common meaning of '放纵' is to indulge oneself or others without restraint, often in a way that is excessive or unhealthy. It carries a negative connotation, implying a lack of self-control or discipline and potentially leading to negative consequences.
Generally, '放纵' has a negative connotation. However, in some limited contexts, it might be used to describe a temporary break from strict routines for relaxation or enjoyment, like '放纵一下' (to indulge a little). Even then, it implies a deviation from the norm that might need to be corrected later. For purely positive enjoyment, '享受' (xiǎngshòu) is a better word.
'享受' means to enjoy something in a neutral or positive way. It's about experiencing pleasure without any implication of excess. '放纵' means to indulge without restraint, often to an excessive degree, and usually carries a negative or cautionary tone.
'放纵' can be self-indulgence or leniency towards others. '纵容' specifically refers to tolerating or conniving at the misbehavior of others, especially when one has the power to stop it. Think of '放纵' as active indulgence and '纵容' as passive allowance of wrongdoing.
Yes, '放纵' is often used when discussing parenting. '父母对孩子的放纵' (parents' indulgence of their children) is a common phrase, usually implying that the parents are too lenient and not disciplining their children enough, which can lead to spoiled behavior.
The consequences of '放纵' can vary widely depending on the context. They can include health problems (from overeating or unhealthy habits), financial issues (from overspending), relationship problems (from neglect or irresponsibility), moral decay, and societal decline. The core idea is that unchecked indulgence often leads to negative outcomes.
'放纵' is a moderately strong word. It's not as intense as '放荡' (debauched) but carries a more significant negative weight than simply 'enjoying' something. It implies a conscious decision to disregard limits or discipline.
It depends on the degree. If you're spending a reasonable amount of time on a hobby and enjoying it, use '享受'. If you're neglecting all your responsibilities to spend excessive amounts of time on the hobby, to the detriment of other areas of your life, then it could be described as '放纵'. The key is the excess and lack of restraint.
Key antonyms include '自律' (zìlǜ - self-discipline), '节制' (jiézhì - moderation), '克制' (kèzhì - restraint), and '约束' (yuēshù - constraint).
A good mnemonic is to imagine '放' (fàng - letting go) of the '纵' (zòng - reins) of a horse. This visual of releasing control helps remember the meaning of indulgence and lack of restraint. Another tip is to associate it with the negative outcomes of excess.
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Summary
放纵 (fàng zòng) signifies a lack of restraint or self-control, leading to indulgence in excessive behavior or leniency towards oneself or others. It generally carries a negative connotation, highlighting potential consequences of unchecked desires or permissiveness.
- 放纵 (fàng zòng) means to indulge or let oneself/others behave without restraint.
- It carries a negative connotation of excess, lack of control, or leniency.
- Used in contexts of personal habits, parenting, and social commentary.
- Contrast with 'enjoyment' (享受) which is neutral.
Context is Key
Always consider the context when using '放纵'. It's generally negative, implying excess or lack of control. If you mean simple enjoyment, use '享受'. If you mean allowing others' bad behavior, consider '纵容'.
Master the Nasals
Pay close attention to the nasal vowel sounds in 'fàng' and 'zòng'. Practice saying them clearly to avoid mispronunciation. They are crucial for sounding natural.
Learn Antonyms
Understanding the opposites of '放纵' – such as '自律' (self-discipline) and '节制' (moderation) – will help solidify its meaning and usage. It highlights the contrast between control and lack of control.
Structure Matters
Remember the common sentence structures: Subject + 放纵 + Object, or Subject + 对 + Object + 放纵. Using the correct structure ensures your meaning is clear.
محتوای مرتبط
واژههای بیشتر daily_life
朝九晚五
B2از نه تا پنج؛ ساعات کاری منظم.
未免
B2کمی بیش از حد؛ واقعاً (دلالت بر افراط دارد). 'این قیمت کمی بیش از حد بالا است.'
废弃
B2رها کردن یا متوقف کردن استفاده از چیزی به طور دائمی (مانند کارخانه یا قانون).
恪守
B2To scrupulously observe; to strictly adhere to.
反常
B2هوا امروز بسیار غیرطبیعی است. (توصیف انحراف از حالت عادی.)
充裕
B2فراوان؛ کافی. اغلب برای زمان یا پول استفاده می شود.
充沛
B2فراوان؛ پر از انرژی. به عنوان مثال: 'او پر از انرژی است (精力充沛)'.
门禁卡
B2یک کارت تردد که برای باز کردن درهای الکترونیکی در ساختمانها استفاده میشود.
门禁
B2Access control (system).
配件
B2Fittings; accessories; spare parts.
