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B1 verb 11 دقیقه مطالعه

主修

zhuxiu

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 主修 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 主修 in your Level:

At the A1 level, learners are just beginning to describe their daily lives and basic backgrounds. While '主修' (zhǔxiū) might seem a bit advanced, it is a very useful word for students to know when introducing themselves. At this stage, you don't need to worry about complex grammar. You can simply use the pattern '我主修 + [Subject]'. For example, if you are studying Chinese, you can say '我主修中文'. This is a clear way to tell people what your main focus is at school. Even if you aren't in university, knowing that '主' means 'main' and '修' means 'study' helps you understand the logic of Chinese word formation. You might also learn simple subjects like '数学' (math), '英语' (English), or '艺术' (art) to pair with this word. At A1, the goal is to be able to answer the question '你学什么？' (What do you study?) with a slightly more precise word like '主修' if you are a university student. It helps you sound a bit more like a native speaker who is in an academic environment. Remember, you don't need to add any extra words like 'in' or 'at'—just the subject right after the word '主修'. Keep it simple and focus on the basic structure: Subject + Verb + Object. This will give you a solid foundation for more complex sentences later on.

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At the A2 level, you are moving beyond simple introductions and starting to talk about your plans and reasons for doing things. You can use '主修' to discuss your choice of study and perhaps mention what you like or dislike about it. For example, '我主修经济，因为我喜欢数学' (I major in economics because I like math). Here, you are combining '主修' with conjunctions like '因为' (because). You can also start to use '主修' in the past tense by adding context, such as '我在大学主修了历史' (I majored in history in university), although '了' isn't always strictly necessary if the time context (大学) is clear. A2 learners should also be aware of the noun form '专业' (zhuānyè), which is very common. You might hear someone ask '你的专业是什么？' and you can answer '我主修计算机' (I major in computer science). This shows that you understand the relationship between the noun (major) and the verb (to major). You can also start to use '主修' to describe other people, like '我的哥哥主修物理' (My older brother majors in physics). This helps you practice third-person descriptions and broadens your ability to talk about your family and friends' academic backgrounds. At this level, focus on fluently using the word in sentences that explain 'who', 'what', and 'why'.

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As a B1 learner, you should be comfortable using '主修' in a variety of contexts, including discussing career goals and academic requirements. You are expected to handle more complex sentence structures, such as using '主修' as a modifier. For instance, '主修课程很多' (There are many major courses) or '这是我的主修科目' (This is my major subject). You can also start to contrast '主修' with '辅修' (minor) and '选修' (elective). A common B1 sentence might be: '虽然我主修会计，但我选修了一些艺术课' (Although I major in accounting, I took some art electives). This demonstrates your ability to use transition words like '虽然...但是...' (although... but...). You should also be able to use '主修' in professional contexts, such as writing a simple resume or preparing for a basic job interview. You might say, '我在大学期间主修市场营销，并获得了学士学位' (During university, I majored in marketing and obtained a bachelor's degree). This level of detail is perfect for B1, as it combines academic vocabulary with professional terminology. You should also be sensitive to the formality of the word; '主修' is more formal than '学' (study) and is appropriate for official documents and serious conversations about one's education. Practicing how to explain the reasons behind your choice of '主修' will also help you improve your overall fluency and ability to express opinions.

At the B2 level, you should have a nuanced understanding of '主修' and be able to use it in sophisticated discussions about education systems and professional development. You can talk about the implications of choosing a certain '主修' in the current job market. For example, '在当前的就业环境下，主修STEM领域的学生往往更有竞争力' (In the current employment environment, students majoring in STEM fields are often more competitive). Here, you are using '主修' as part of a complex subject phrase. You should also be familiar with related academic terms like '学分' (credits), '必修课' (required courses), and '双学位' (double degree). You might discuss the pros and cons of a '双主修' (double major), saying something like '双主修虽然压力很大，但能提供更广阔的知识背景' (Although a double major is very stressful, it can provide a broader knowledge background). B2 learners should also be able to use '主修' in hypothetical or conditional sentences, such as '如果我能重新选择，我可能会主修社会学' (If I could choose again, I might major in sociology). This shows a high level of grammatical control. You should also be aware of how '主修' is used in different Chinese-speaking regions, such as the slight differences in academic terminology between Mainland China and Taiwan. At this stage, your use of '主修' should be seamless, accurate, and contextually appropriate in both spoken and written forms.

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C1 learners should be able to use '主修' with complete precision in academic and professional discourse. You can use it to describe interdisciplinary studies and complex academic trajectories. For example, '他的学术背景非常独特，本科主修哲学，研究生则转向了认知科学' (His academic background is very unique; he majored in philosophy as an undergraduate and shifted to cognitive science as a graduate student). This sentence uses '主修' to establish a baseline before describing a shift in focus, showcasing an advanced ability to narrative a career path. You should also be able to analyze the word's components and use them to understand or even coin related terms in a formal context. In C1 writing, '主修' can be used in the passive voice or within nominalized phrases, such as '主修科目的选择往往受到家庭期望的影响' (The choice of major subjects is often influenced by family expectations). You can also engage in debates about education policy, such as whether universities should allow more flexibility in '主修' selection. At this level, you should be able to distinguish '主修' from even more specific terms like '专修' (specialized study) or '研修' (advanced research/training) and use them appropriately in a professional biography or a research proposal. Your vocabulary should be rich enough to discuss the '主修' requirements of various international degree programs with ease.

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At the C2 level, '主修' is a basic tool in your vast vocabulary, used effortlessly in high-level intellectual discussions. You can use it to discuss the historical evolution of academic disciplines or the philosophy of education. For instance, you might critique the concept of a '主修' in the context of a rapidly changing economy, arguing that '在知识迭代如此迅速的今天，传统的“主修”概念是否还足以定义一个人的专业素养？' (In today's world of rapid knowledge iteration, is the traditional concept of a 'major' still sufficient to define one's professional competence?). This level of usage involves questioning the term itself and using it as a springboard for deeper philosophical or social analysis. C2 learners can also use '主修' in highly formal, almost legalistic contexts, such as interpreting university charters or academic regulations. You would be comfortable using the word in a speech at a graduation ceremony or in a published academic paper about educational trends. Your understanding of the word includes its cultural weight—the way a '主修' in China can be seen as a collective family decision rather than just an individual choice. You can navigate the nuances of '主修' across all registers, from casual student slang to the most formal academic prose, always choosing the exact right term to convey your intended meaning and tone. At this stage, the word '主修' is not just a vocabulary item, but a concept you can manipulate to express complex, multifaceted ideas about identity, education, and society.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

主修 در ۳۰ ثانیه

Used to identify a university student's primary academic specialization.
Functions as both a verb (to major) and a noun (a major).
Essential for resumes, academic discussions, and social introductions.
Often paired with '辅修' (minor) to describe a complete educational path.

The term 主修 (zhǔxiū) is a fundamental academic verb and noun used in the context of higher education within the Chinese-speaking world. At its core, it refers to the primary subject or field of study that a student chooses to focus on during their university or college education. The word is composed of two characters: 主 (zhǔ) meaning 'main' or 'primary,' and 修 (xiū), which in this context means 'to study' or 'to take a course.' When combined, they literally translate to 'principally studying' a specific discipline. This term is essential for anyone navigating the academic landscape, whether they are filling out university applications, introducing themselves at a networking event, or discussing career trajectories.

Academic Focus: The primary area of specialization that dictates the majority of a student's curriculum and credit requirements.
Formal Usage: Used in official transcripts, resumes, and formal introductions to define one's educational background.
Verb vs Noun: It functions both as a verb (to major in) and a noun (a major), though in modern Mandarin, '专业' (zhuānyè) is more common as the noun for 'major'.

In a cultural context, choosing a 主修 is often seen as a life-defining decision in Chinese society. Due to the competitive nature of the job market, students often feel significant pressure to select a '主修' that offers high employability, such as computer science, finance, or engineering. Unlike the more flexible liberal arts approach found in some Western institutions, once a student in mainland China declares their 主修, switching can be administratively challenging, making the initial choice incredibly significant. Understanding this word helps learners grasp the weight of academic identity in Chinese culture.

他在清华大学主修土木工程，这为他日后的职业生涯打下了坚实的基础。(He majored in civil engineering at Tsinghua University, which laid a solid foundation for his future career.)

When meeting someone for the first time in a university setting, the question '你主修什么？' (What are you majoring in?) is the standard icebreaker. It opens the door to discussing interests, career goals, and shared classes. In the era of interdisciplinary studies, you might also hear people talk about a 双主修 (shuāng zhǔxiū), which means a 'double major.' This indicates a student who is pursuing two distinct degrees simultaneously, reflecting a high level of academic rigor and diverse interests. The term is also contrasted with 辅修 (fǔxiū), which means 'to minor in,' allowing students to pursue a secondary interest without the full credit load of a major.

我决定主修经济学，辅修日语，因为我想在全球贸易领域发展。(I decided to major in economics and minor in Japanese because I want to develop in the field of global trade.)

许多学生选择主修人工智能，因为这是一个充满潜力的前沿领域。(Many students choose to major in artificial intelligence because it is a cutting-edge field full of potential.)

她虽然主修音乐，但对计算机编程也表现出了浓厚的兴趣。(Although she majors in music, she also shows a strong interest in computer programming.)

在申请研究生时，你的本科主修科目通常是一个重要的参考因素。(When applying for graduate school, your undergraduate major subject is usually an important reference factor.)

Using 主修 correctly requires understanding its role as a transitive verb. The most common sentence pattern is [Subject] + 主修 + [Academic Subject]. Unlike English, where we often say 'I am majoring in...', Chinese does not necessarily require a continuous tense marker like 在 (zài), though it can be used to emphasize that the action is currently ongoing. For example, '我主修历史' (I major in history) is perfectly natural and grammatically complete.

Direct Object Placement: The academic subject always follows '主修' directly. Example: 主修物理 (major in physics).
Time Context: You can add time phrases like '大学期间' (during university) or '大一' (freshman year) to specify when the majoring occurred.
Negative Form: Use '不' (bù) for general facts or '没有' (méiyǒu) to state that someone didn't major in a specific field.

Another important structure involves the use of 是 (shì). While you can say '我的主修是...' (My major is...), it is far more common to use '专业' (zhuānyè) in this noun-heavy structure. However, in formal academic writing, '主修' can be used as a modifier, such as '主修课程' (major courses). If you want to talk about a student's status, you might say '作为一名主修法律的学生' (As a student majoring in law). This demonstrates the versatility of the word across different grammatical slots.

张明在大学里主修心理学，但他毕业后却从事了销售工作。(Zhang Ming majored in psychology in university, but he engaged in sales work after graduation.)

When discussing multiple areas of study, 主修 is often paired with 辅修 (fǔxiū). The syntax remains the same: 主修 [A] 辅修 [B]. For instance, '他主修数学，辅修艺术' (He majors in math and minors in art). This structure is clean, efficient, and widely understood in academic transcripts. Furthermore, in the context of graduate studies, one might use '专修' (zhuānxiū) to indicate an even deeper level of specialization, though '主修' remains the standard for undergraduate studies.

你打算在研究生阶段继续主修同一个领域吗？(Do you plan to continue majoring in the same field at the graduate level?)

虽然他的主修是生物学，但他对文学的热爱从未减退。(Although his major is biology, his love for literature has never faded.)

在填写申请表时，请务必写清楚你的主修意向。(When filling out the application form, please make sure to clearly write your intended major.)

由于对数字敏感，他选择了主修会计学。(Due to his sensitivity to numbers, he chose to major in accounting.)

The word 主修 is most frequently heard within the gates of universities and college campuses. If you are a student in China or Taiwan, you will encounter this word during your very first week—orientation. Academic advisors will use it when discussing your '培养方案' (training plan) or graduation requirements. You'll hear it in phrases like '主修学分' (major credits) or '主修课程要求' (major course requirements). It is the language of administration and academic planning.

Campus Life: Heard during club recruitment when members ask new students about their background to see how they can contribute.
Job Interviews: Recruiters often ask, '你大学主修什么专业？' to gauge whether your academic background aligns with the job description.
Social Mixers: A standard part of self-introductions when meeting peers from other departments.

Beyond the campus, '主修' appears in media and literature when discussing the biographies of famous figures. For example, a news report might mention that a successful CEO '主修哲学' (majored in philosophy), emphasizing how their diverse background contributed to their unique leadership style. In TV dramas centered around youth and university life, '主修' is a constant in the dialogue, often linked to the characters' struggles with their studies or their parents' expectations regarding their choice of major.

面试官问我：“你为什么选择主修社会学？”(The interviewer asked me, "Why did you choose to major in sociology?")

In the context of international education, '主修' is the standard translation for 'major' in English-speaking systems. When Chinese students apply to study abroad in the US, UK, or Australia, they use '主修' to describe what they intend to study. This makes it a bridge word between different educational systems. In online forums like Zhihu or Xiaohongshu, you will see '主修' in threads where students give advice on which majors are '坑' (pitfalls/bad choices) and which are '香' (desirable/good choices).

他在留学申请书中写道，他希望在研究生阶段主修数据科学。(He wrote in his study abroad application that he hopes to major in data science at the graduate level.)

广播里正在讨论大学生是否应该根据兴趣来选择主修专业。(The radio is discussing whether college students should choose their major based on interest.)

在校友聚会上，大家都在谈论自己当年主修的科目和现在的职业。(At the alumni reunion, everyone was talking about the subjects they majored in and their current careers.)

教授建议我们在主修课程之外，多参加一些跨学科的讲座。(The professor suggested that we attend more interdisciplinary lectures outside of our major courses.)

One of the most frequent errors English speakers make when using 主修 is trying to translate the English preposition 'in' directly into Chinese. In English, we say 'I major in math.' However, in Chinese, the preposition '在' (zài) is not used between '主修' and the subject. Saying '我主修在数学' is grammatically incorrect. The correct form is simply '我主修数学'. The verb '主修' already carries the meaning of focusing on a specific area, so no additional preposition is needed.

Preposition Overuse: Incorrect: 我主修在法律。 Correct: 我主修法律。
Confusing with '专业': '专业' is a noun (major/profession). '主修' is primarily a verb (to major). Don't say '我的主修是...' as often as '我的专业是...'.
Scope of Use: Don't use '主修' for high school subjects or hobbies. It is strictly for university-level academic specialization.

Another common pitfall is the confusion between 主修 and 学习 (xuéxí). While both involve studying, '学习' is a general term for any kind of learning, from a toddler learning to walk to a hobbyist learning to cook. '主修' is specific to the formal declaration of a primary academic field in a degree-granting institution. Using '主修' to describe a weekend pottery class would sound very strange and overly formal to a native speaker.

错误：他在周末主修烹饪。正确：他在周末学习烹饪。(Error: He majors in cooking on weekends. Correct: He learns cooking on weekends.)

Learners also sometimes struggle with the word order when using modifiers. For example, if you want to say 'He is a student who majors in history,' the relative clause must come before the noun: '他是主修历史的学生'. Beginners often try to put the '主修历史' part after '学生', following English word order. Remembering that modifiers always precede the noun in Chinese is key to using '主修' correctly in more complex sentence structures.

错误：他是一个学生主修物理。正确：他是主修物理的学生。(Error: He is a student majors in physics. Correct: He is a student majoring in physics.)

错误：我主修在上海大学。正确：我在上海大学主修金融。(Error: I major at Shanghai University. Correct: I major in finance at Shanghai University.)

在描述过去时，不要忘记语境。虽然中文动词没有时态变化，但如果你已经毕业了，通常会加上“曾经”或“大学时”。

To truly master the vocabulary of education, it's important to see how 主修 relates to other similar terms. The most common alternative is 专业 (zhuānyè). While '主修' is a verb ('to major'), '专业' is a noun ('major' or 'profession'). If someone asks '你的专业是什么？' (What is your major?), they are asking for the name of your field. If they ask '你主修什么？' (What do you major in?), they are focusing on your action of studying. In practice, they are often interchangeable, but '专业' is slightly more versatile as it can also refer to one's career field after graduation.

主修 vs 辅修 (fǔxiū): '主修' is your primary focus (major), while '辅修' is your secondary focus (minor). Most students have one '主修' and zero or one '辅修'.
主修 vs 专修 (zhuānxiū): '专修' implies a more specialized or intensive study, often used for short-term specialized programs or advanced research niches.
主修 vs 选修 (xuǎnxiū): '选修' means 'to take an elective.' These are courses you choose to take that are not necessarily required for your '主修'.

Another word you might encounter is 攻读 (gōngdú). This is a more formal and literary verb meaning 'to study' or 'to pursue a degree in.' You will often see this in formal biographies, such as '他在哈佛大学攻读博士学位' (He is pursuing a doctoral degree at Harvard University). While '主修' defines the subject, '攻读' defines the act of pursuing the degree itself. If you want to sound very academic or prestigious, '攻读' is a great choice, whereas '主修' is standard for everyday academic discussion.

比起主修课程，他似乎对选修的摄影课更感兴趣。(Compared to his major courses, he seems more interested in the elective photography class.)

In a broader sense, 研修 (yánxiū) is used for professional development or advanced research, often by people who have already graduated and are doing further training. For example, a doctor might go for '研修' in a specific surgical technique. This is different from '主修,' which is the foundation of undergraduate education. Finally, 必修 (bìxiū) refers to 'required courses.' Every '主修' has a set of '必修课' (required courses) that must be completed to graduate. Understanding these distinctions allows you to talk about education with precision.

他的主修是法律，但他选修了很多关于国际关系的课程。(His major is law, but he took many elective courses on international relations.)

虽然他的主修是工程，但他后来通过自学成为了著名的作家。(Although his major was engineering, he later became a famous writer through self-study.)

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

In ancient China, there were no 'majors' in the modern sense. Students studied the 'Four Books and Five Classics' for the imperial examinations. The concept of '主修' entered the Chinese language with the introduction of the Western university system in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK zhǔ xiū

US zhǔ xiū

The emphasis is balanced, but the third tone on 'zhǔ' makes it slightly more prominent.

هم‌قافیه با

五 (wǔ) 古 (gǔ) 休 (xiū) 优 (yōu) 流 (liú) 牛 (niú) 球 (qiú) 秋 (qiū)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing 'zh' like 'z'.
Pronouncing 'x' like 's'.
Getting the third tone wrong on 'zhǔ'.
Pronouncing 'iu' like 'ee-oo' instead of 'ee-oh'.
Mixing up the tones, making it sound like 'zhū xiù'.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 3/5

The characters are relatively simple, but '修' has many meanings that can be confusing.

نوشتن 4/5

Writing '修' correctly requires attention to the stroke order and the right-hand side.

صحبت کردن 2/5

The pronunciation is straightforward once the 'x' sound is mastered.

گوش دادن 3/5

Can be confused with other 'xiu' words like '休息' (rest) if not listening for context.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

大学学习专业数学老师

بعداً یاد بگیرید

辅修学分毕业学位论文

پیشرفته

研修攻读跨学科学术领域

گرامر لازم

Zero Preposition with '主修'

我主修历史 (Correct) vs 我主修在历史 (Incorrect)

Placement of Adverbs like '都'

我们都主修物理。

Using '是' with '专业' vs '主修'

我的专业是数学 (Common) vs 我的主修是数学 (Formal)

Relative Clauses with '的'

主修计算机的学生。

Negative '不' vs '没有'

我不主修艺术 (General fact) vs 我大学没有主修艺术 (Past fact).

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

我主修中文。

I major in Chinese.

Simple Subject + Verb + Object structure.

他主修数学。

He majors in math.

No preposition 'in' is needed in Chinese.

你主修什么？

What do you major in?

Question word '什么' (what) follows the verb.

我不主修艺术。

I do not major in art.

Negative form using '不'.

她主修英语。

She majors in English.

Third-person singular does not change the verb form.

我们都主修历史。

We all major in history.

'都' (all) is placed before the verb.

我朋友主修音乐。

My friend majors in music.

Possessive '我的' can be shortened to '我' before '朋友'.

大一学生主修什么？

What do freshman students major in?

'大一' means 'university year one'.

我打算主修计算机科学。

I plan to major in computer science.

'打算' (plan to) precedes '主修'.

他主修经济，因为他想赚钱。

He majors in economics because he wants to make money.

Using '因为' to explain the reason.

我不想主修物理，太难了。

I don't want to major in physics; it's too hard.

'不想' (don't want to) precedes the verb.

她在大学主修日语。

She majored in Japanese in university.

Place '在大学' before the verb.

你想主修什么专业？

What major do you want to major in?

Here '专业' is added for clarity.

我主修化学，也喜欢生物。

I major in chemistry, and I also like biology.

Using '也' to add more information.

我的主修科目是法律。

My major subject is law.

Using '主修' as a modifier for '科目'.

他曾经主修过心理学。

He once majored in psychology.

'曾经...过' indicates a past experience.

我主修国际贸易，辅修法语。

I major in international trade and minor in French.

Contrast between '主修' and '辅修'.

虽然我主修文学，但我对编程感兴趣。

Although I major in literature, I am interested in programming.

Using the '虽然...但是...' structure.

主修这门课需要很多时间。

Majoring in this subject requires a lot of time.

'主修' used as a gerund-like subject phrase.

他决定主修环境科学来保护地球。

He decided to major in environmental science to protect the earth.

Expressing purpose with '来'.

在申请工作中，你的主修背景很重要。

In job applications, your major background is very important.

'主修' used as an adjective modifying '背景'.

你为什么选择主修教育学？

Why did you choose to major in education?

Common interview/social question.

她主修社会学，研究社会问题。

She majors in sociology and studies social issues.

Describing the activities related to the major.

我想主修一个就业前景好的专业。

I want to major in a subject with good job prospects.

Complex object with a relative clause.

由于竞争激烈，很多学生选择双主修。

Due to fierce competition, many students choose to double major.

'双主修' means 'double major'.

主修跨学科课程可以拓宽你的视野。

Majoring in interdisciplinary courses can broaden your horizons.

'跨学科' means 'interdisciplinary'.

他在研究生阶段主修了人工智能方向。

He majored in the direction of artificial intelligence at the graduate level.

'方向' indicates a specific track within a major.

如果你主修哲学，你可能需要很强的逻辑思维。

If you major in philosophy, you might need strong logical thinking.

Conditional sentence using '如果...可能...'.

主修科目的学分要求非常严格。

The credit requirements for major subjects are very strict.

'学分要求' means 'credit requirements'.

她虽然主修法律，但业余时间自学了设计。

Although she majors in law, she taught herself design in her spare time.

Contrasting formal study with self-study.

选择主修专业时，应平衡兴趣与就业。

When choosing a major, one should balance interest and employment.

Formal advice using '应' (should).

主修医学的学生通常需要学习很多年。

Students majoring in medicine usually need to study for many years.

Noun phrase with a relative clause.

主修科目的深度直接决定了你的专业素养。

The depth of your major subjects directly determines your professional quality.

Abstract academic discussion.

他在本科主修政治学，随后在外交部实习。

He majored in political science as an undergraduate and subsequently interned at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Formal narrative of a career path.

主修与辅修的结合可以培养复合型人才。

The combination of major and minor can cultivate compound talents.

'复合型人才' is a common term for multi-talented people.

许多顶尖大学允许学生在大二才确定主修方向。

Many top universities allow students to determine their major direction only in their sophomore year.

'确定' (determine/decide) combined with '主修'.

主修理论物理的他，对宇宙的本质有着独特的见解。

Majoring in theoretical physics, he has unique insights into the nature of the universe.

Appositive-like structure starting with the major.

在学分制下，主修课程的灵活性有所增加。

Under the credit system, the flexibility of major courses has increased.

Discussing educational systems.

他主修东亚研究，精通中日韩三门语言。

He majored in East Asian studies and is proficient in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean.

Linking a major to specific outcomes.

主修科目的变动往往反映了社会需求的变迁。

Changes in major subjects often reflect shifts in social demand.

Sociological observation.

该校的主修课程设置旨在培养具有批判性思维的领袖。

The school's major curriculum is designed to cultivate leaders with critical thinking.

High-level institutional description.

主修某一领域并不意味着要将自己禁锢在特定的职业路径中。

Majoring in a certain field does not mean one must confine oneself to a specific career path.

Philosophical argument about education.

他在主修古典文学的过程中，对人文主义精神有了深刻的领悟。

In the process of majoring in classical literature, he gained a profound understanding of the spirit of humanism.

Sophisticated narrative of intellectual growth.

主修科目的界限在现代跨学科研究中正变得日益模糊。

The boundaries of major subjects are becoming increasingly blurred in modern interdisciplinary research.

Discussing academic trends.

即便主修的是工程学，他也从未放弃对艺术史的钻研。

Even though he majored in engineering, he never gave up his diligent study of art history.

Using '即便...也...' for emphasis.

主修方向的选择应是个人志趣与时代脉搏的共鸣。

The choice of major direction should be a resonance between personal aspirations and the pulse of the times.

Metaphorical and poetic academic language.

他主修比较文学，致力于搭建中西文化交流的桥梁。

He majored in comparative literature and is committed to building a bridge for Sino-Western cultural exchange.

Discussing high-level career missions.

主修体系的改革是高等教育适应全球化挑战的关键一步。

The reform of the major system is a key step for higher education to adapt to the challenges of globalization.

Policy-level discourse.

مترادف‌ها

专攻专业选修

متضادها

辅修

ترکیب‌های رایج

主修专业

主修课程

双主修

主修科目

主修方向

本科主修

跨学科主修

主修学分

主修要求

申请主修

عبارات رایج

主修...辅修...

— To major in A and minor in B. This is the standard way to describe a dual-focus education.

他主修金融，辅修数学。

你主修什么？

— What is your major? A common icebreaker for students.

你好，很高兴认识你，你主修什么？

确定主修

— To declare or finalize one's major. Usually happens in the first or second year.

我终于确定主修计算机了。

更改主修

— To change one's major. A process often requiring administrative approval.

更改主修需要申请书。

主修生

— A student of a particular major. For example, '数学主修生' (math major).

作为一名历史主修生，他读过很多史书。

我的主修是...

— My major is... (Less common than '我的专业是...', but still used).

我的主修是生物工程。

主修领域

— The field of one's major. Used in more formal contexts.

他在其主修领域有着深厚的造诣。

主修课

— Major courses. The classes required for your specific degree.

明天我有一节主修课。

双重主修

— Double major. Another way to say '双主修'.

双重主修的学费可能会更高。

非主修

— Non-major. Referring to students who are not majoring in a specific subject.

这门课也对非主修学生开放。

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

主修 vs 专业

专业 is a noun (major), while 主修 is a verb (to major). Use 专业 with '是'.

主修 vs 辅修

辅修 is a minor. Don't mix them up; one is primary, one is secondary.

主修 vs 选修

选修 refers to electives. These are extra classes, not your main focus.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"不务正业"

— To neglect one's proper profession or study. Often used if a student ignores their '主修' for other things.

你整天玩游戏，真是主修不学，不务正业。

Informal/Critical

"半路出家"

— To take up a profession or study halfway through life, rather than majoring in it originally.

他主修的是会计，编程是半路出家。

Neutral

"学非所用"

— To not use what one has studied. Common when a job doesn't match the '主修'.

他主修法律却去卖保险，真是学非所用。

Neutral

"博而不精"

— To have wide knowledge but no specialization. The opposite of having a strong '主修'.

他什么都学一点，但博而不精，没有主修方向。

Critical

"业精于勤"

— Excellence in work (or study) comes from diligence. Encouragement for '主修' students.

业精于勤，只要努力，你的主修课程一定能学好。

Formal

"术业有专攻"

— Specialized fields require specialized study. Very relevant to the concept of '主修'.

术业有专攻，他主修的是医学，你应该问他。

Formal

"名列前茅"

— To be at the top of the list. Used for students excelling in their '主修'.

他在主修课考试中名列前茅。

Neutral

"学以致用"

— To apply what one has learned. The goal of any '主修'.

他希望将来能学以致用，发挥主修专业的优势。

Neutral

"十年寒窗"

— Ten years of hard study at a window. Refers to the long process leading to a '主修'.

经过十年寒窗，他终于进入大学主修心仪的专业。

Literary

"举一反三"

— To infer other things from one fact. A sign of mastering one's '主修'.

他在主修领域能举一反三，非常有天赋。

Neutral

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

主修 vs 修路

Uses the same character '修'.

'修' here means to repair or build. '修路' is to build a road.

工人们正在修路。

主修 vs 休息

Sounds similar (xiū).

'休息' means to rest. Totally different meaning and character for 'xi'.

我需要休息一下。

主修 vs 主要

Uses the same character '主'.

'主要' means 'main' or 'principal' as an adjective.

这是我的主要原因。

主修 vs 装修

Uses '修'.

'装修' means to renovate or decorate a house.

我家正在装修。

主修 vs 修炼

Uses '修'.

'修炼' is to practice Taoism or martial arts to improve oneself.

他在山上修炼。

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

我主修 [Subject]。

我主修中文。

他想主修 [Subject]。

他想主修经济。

我主修 [A]，辅修 [B]。

我主修金融，辅修英语。

虽然我主修 [A]，但是 [B]。

虽然我主修文学，但是我喜欢数学。

主修 [Subject] 的学生通常 [Condition]。

主修医学的学生通常很忙。

他在本科阶段主修 [A]，研究生阶段转向 [B]。

他在本科阶段主修物理，研究生阶段转向哲学。

主修 [Subject] 为他提供了 [Benefit]。

主修法律为他提供了严谨的逻辑。

关于是否应该主修 [Subject]，社会上存在广泛争议。

关于是否应该主修艺术，社会上存在广泛争议。

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

主修生 (zhǔxiūshēng) - Major student

主修课 (zhǔxiūkè) - Major course

主修专业 (zhǔxiū zhuānyè) - Major subject

فعل‌ها

修 (xiū) - To study/take a course

选修 (xuǎnxiū) - To take an elective

辅修 (fǔxiū) - To minor in

专修 (zhuānxiū) - To specialize in

صفت‌ها

主修的 (zhǔxiū de) - Major (as an adjective)

مرتبط

学分 (xuéfēn) - Credit

学位 (xuéwèi) - Degree

本科 (běnkē) - Undergraduate

大学 (dàxué) - University

毕业 (bìyè) - To graduate

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نحوه استفاده

frequency

High in academic and professional settings.

اشتباهات رایج

我主修在历史。 → 我主修历史。
In Chinese, '主修' is a transitive verb that takes a direct object. You don't need the preposition '在' (in).
我的主修是很难。 → 我的专业很难。
While '主修' can be a noun, '专业' is the standard noun for 'major' in this context. Also, '是' is not needed before '很难'.
他在周末主修游泳。 → 他在周末学习游泳。
'主修' is only for formal university subjects. For hobbies or skills, use '学习' (to study/learn).
我想主修一个专业在大学。 → 我想在大学主修一个专业。
Time and location phrases like '在大学' must come before the verb in Chinese, not at the end of the sentence.
他是主修物理的学生在清华。 → 他是清华大学主修物理的学生。
The modifier '清华大学' and '主修物理' must precede the noun '学生'.

نکات

No Prepositions

Never put '在' or '里' after '主修'. It's a direct transitive verb. Just say '主修' + [Subject].

Noun vs Verb

Remember that '专业' is the noun. If you want to say 'My major is difficult', say '我的专业很难', not '我的主修很难'.

Family Influence

When talking to Chinese friends about their '主修', they might mention their parents' opinions. This is normal in Chinese culture.

The 'X' Sound

The 'x' in 'xiū' is a soft sound. Keep your tongue low and behind your bottom teeth. Don't make it a harsh English 'sh'.

Stroke Order of '修'

The right side has three diagonal strokes. Make sure they are distinct and slanted correctly.

Context Clues

If you hear '大学' (university) and '主修' in the same sentence, you can be 100% sure they are talking about an academic major.

Dual Focus

If you have a double major, use '双主修'. It sounds very impressive and academically rigorous.

Resume Accuracy

In a Chinese resume, listing your '主修' clearly under '教育背景' (Education Background) is essential.

Mnemonic

Think of 'Master of Study'. '主' is Master, '修' is Study. You are the master of your subject.

主修 vs 辅修

Always remember that '主' is main and '辅' is secondary/assistant. This helps you keep major and minor straight.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Imagine you are the 'MASTER' (主) of your 'STUDIES' (修). You are 'repairing' or 'building' (修) your future with your 'main' (主) subject.

تداعی تصویری

Picture a large university gate with your major's name written in giant letters above it, and you are the main character walking through.

شبکه واژگان

University Major Minor Elective Degree Credits Professor Graduation

چالش

Try to write down three sentences describing what you major in, what you minor in, and what you want to do after you graduate using '主修'.

ریشه کلمه

The word '主修' is a modern compound formed from two classical Chinese characters. '主' (zhǔ) originally depicted a lamp with a flame, signifying a master, host, or the primary focus. '修' (xiū) originally meant to wash or polish, later evolving to mean to repair, decorate, or cultivate oneself through study.

معنای اصلی: To primarily cultivate or study a specific discipline.

Sino-Tibetan (Sinitic)

بافت فرهنگی

Be aware that some majors are considered more 'prestigious' than others in Chinese society, which can be a sensitive topic for students.

In the US, 'major' is used as both a noun and a verb. Chinese '主修' mirrors this flexibility well.

Many famous Chinese tech CEOs majored in computer science in the 90s. Lu Xun, a famous writer, originally majored in medicine before switching to literature. The movie 'So Young' (致我们终将逝去的青春) depicts the life of students and their struggles with their majors.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

University Orientation

确定主修
更改主修
主修要求
主修导师

Job Interview

主修背景
主修相关
主修课程
学以致用

Social Networking

你主修什么？
我是主修...的
双主修
主修方向

Resume Writing

本科主修
主修GPA
主修荣誉
主修核心课程

Academic Advising

修满学分
必修课
选修课
主修声明

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"你当初为什么选择主修这个专业？"

"你觉得你的主修课程难吗？"

"如果你可以重新选择，你会主修什么？"

"你的主修对你现在的职业有帮助吗？"

"在你们国家，最受欢迎的主修是什么？"

موضوعات نگارش

写一写你为什么选择你的主修，以及你对未来的计划。

描述你最喜欢的一门主修课，以及你从中学到了什么。

讨论一下你认为在大学里，主修重要还是兴趣重要。

想象十年后的你，你的主修会如何影响你的生活？

如果你要设计一个新的主修专业，它会是什么样的？

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

Generally, no. In high school, you just '学' (study) subjects. '主修' is reserved for university specialization where you choose a specific degree path.

'主修' is the verb 'to major in', while '专业' is the noun 'a major'. You say '我主修数学' but '我的专业是数学'. Both are common, but '专业' is slightly more frequent in daily conversation.

You can say '双主修' (shuāng zhǔxiū) or '双专业' (shuāng zhuānyè). Both are widely understood in academic contexts.

Yes, '主修' is used in Taiwan just like in Mainland China to refer to an academic major. The surrounding academic vocabulary is also very similar.

If you are currently a student, don't use '了'. If you graduated, you can say '我大学时主修历史' or '我主修过历史'. Context usually handles the tense.

It is better to use '攻读' (gōngdú) or '研究方向' (yánjiū fāngxiàng) for a PhD, as '主修' is most associated with undergraduate studies.

You can say '我还没有确定主修' (I haven't determined my major yet) or '我还是未定专业' (I am still undeclared).

No, that would sound very odd. For hobbies, just use '喜欢' (like) or '在学' (is learning). '主修' implies a formal degree program.

You say '我主修英语' or '我主修英文'. Both are correct.

Yes, it is a formal academic term. In very casual settings, people might just say '我是学...的'.

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