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B1 verb #700 پرکاربردترین 10 دقیقه مطالعه

管理

guǎnlǐ رتبه 700

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 管理 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 管理 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you might encounter the character 管 (guǎn) in simple contexts like 'looking after' or 'minding' something. While the full word 管理 (guǎnlǐ) is a bit more advanced, you can start to understand it as 'taking care of' things in a structured way. For example, you might hear a teacher say they 'manage' the classroom or a parent say they 'manage' the children. At this stage, think of it as a formal way to say 'to look after' (照顾) or 'to control' (控制). You don't need to use it in complex sentences yet, but recognizing it in signs like '物业管理' (Property Management) in an apartment building is very helpful. It's about who is the 'boss' of a small area or a simple task. Focus on the idea that someone is in charge and making sure things are okay. You might use it to say 'My mom manages the house' (妈妈管理家). It's a foundational concept of authority and responsibility that will grow as you learn more Chinese. Even at A1, knowing that 'guǎn' relates to control will help you understand many other words later on.

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By the A2 level, you should be able to use 管理 in simple sentences related to your daily life and work. You can talk about 'managing time' (管理时间) or 'managing money' (管理钱). You will start to see it in job descriptions or when people talk about their roles at work. For example, 'I manage three people' (我管理三个人). At this level, you are moving beyond just 'looking after' things to 'organizing' them. You might notice it in the context of 'school management' or 'store management.' It's important to start distinguishing it from the informal '管' (guǎn). If you say '别管我' (don't mind me), that's A1/A2 informal talk. But if you say '我们需要更好的管理' (We need better management), you are using A2 level professional vocabulary. You should also recognize the word '经理' (jīnglǐ) for manager and understand that '管理' is what a '经理' does. This helps you build a network of related words in your mind. Start practicing using it with simple objects like 'my schedule' or 'my room.'

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At the B1 level, you are expected to use 管理 (guǎnlǐ) in a variety of professional and personal contexts. This is the level where you should understand it as a core business term. You should be able to discuss 'management styles' (管理风格), 'management experience' (管理经验), and 'management systems' (管理制度). You will encounter it frequently in articles about business, self-improvement, and social issues. For example, you might read about 'urban management' (城市管理) or 'environmental management' (环境管理). At B1, you should also be comfortable using it as a noun. For instance, 'Management is a difficult job' (管理是一项困难的工作). You should also be able to use it with abstract concepts like 'managing expectations' (管理预期) or 'managing stress' (管理压力). This level requires you to understand the nuance between 管理 and similar words like 处理 (to handle) or 负责 (to be responsible for). You should be able to explain your own management experience or how you manage your daily tasks in a coherent way. It's a key word for passing intermediate proficiency exams.

At the B2 level, your use of 管理 should become more nuanced and sophisticated. You will use it to discuss complex organizational structures and strategic oversight. You should be familiar with terms like 'human resource management' (人力资源管理), 'supply chain management' (供应链管理), and 'risk management' (风险管理). You will likely encounter it in academic or professional texts where it is used to describe the efficiency and effectiveness of different systems. At this level, you should be able to debate the merits of different management philosophies, such as 'scientific management' (科学管理) or 'participatory management' (参与式管理). You will also see it used in more formal political contexts, such as 'social management' (社会管理), which refers to how a government maintains social order. Your ability to use 管理 in the passive voice (e.g., 'This area is strictly managed') or with complex complements (e.g., 'The management has reached a new level') should be well-developed. You should also understand its role in compound words and idioms, and be able to distinguish it from high-level terms like 治理 (governance) in professional discussions.

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At the C1 level, you should have a deep, intuitive understanding of 管理 and its place within the broader landscape of Chinese administrative and philosophical thought. You will encounter the word in high-level business strategy, legal documents, and philosophical treatises. You should be able to discuss the historical evolution of management in China, perhaps touching on how traditional Confucian or Legalist ideas influence modern 管理 practices. You will use the word to describe macro-level phenomena, such as 'global economic management' (全球经济管理) or 'macro-management' (宏观管理). At this level, you should be able to use the word with great precision, choosing it over synonyms like 经营 or 统筹 to convey exact meanings in professional reports or academic papers. You will also be sensitive to the register of the word, knowing when it sounds too corporate and when it sounds appropriately administrative. You should be able to critique management theories in Chinese and provide complex, multi-layered explanations of how management affects organizational culture and societal outcomes. Your vocabulary will include specialized terms like 'knowledge management' (知识管理) and 'crisis management' (危机管理) used in highly specific contexts.

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At the C2 level, you master 管理 as a native-like professional or scholar. You understand the word not just as a label for an action, but as a concept that permeates every level of human organization. You can use it to discuss the most abstract and complex topics, such as the 'management of human destiny' or the 'management of cosmic order' in a philosophical or literary sense. You are fully aware of the subtle connotations the word carries in different Chinese-speaking regions (Mainland China, Taiwan, Singapore) and how it interacts with other high-level concepts like 权衡 (weighing/balancing) or 谋略 (strategy). You can write sophisticated essays on the intersection of technology and management, or the ethics of data management in the modern age. Your use of the word is flawless, and you can employ it in creative ways, such as in metaphors or high-level wordplay. You understand the nuances of its use in ancient texts versus modern corporate jargon. At this level, 管理 is a tool you use to navigate and shape complex social and professional realities with total confidence and precision. You are capable of leading high-level negotiations or delivering keynote speeches where 'management' is a central theme, using the word to inspire, direct, and analyze with complete linguistic authority.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

管理 در ۳۰ ثانیه

管理 (guǎnlǐ) is a B1-level Chinese word meaning 'to manage' or 'administration.'
It combines 'control' (管) and 'logic' (理) to describe systematic oversight.
It is used in professional, personal, and governmental contexts for organizing resources.
Common collocations include 'time management,' 'project management,' and 'property management.'

The Chinese word 管理 (guǎnlǐ) is a multifaceted verb and noun that is fundamental to understanding organizational and personal structure in the Chinese-speaking world. At its most basic level, it translates to 'to manage,' 'to administer,' or 'to be in charge of.' However, the depth of this word is found in its two constituent characters. The first character, 管 (guǎn), originally referred to a tube or a pipe, but evolved to mean 'to control' or 'to look after,' much like how a pipe directs the flow of water. The second character, 理 (lǐ), pertains to the grain in jade, signifying 'reason,' 'logic,' or 'to put things in order.' Therefore, 管理 is not merely about exercising power; it is about applying logic and order to control a situation effectively. This word is used in a vast array of contexts, ranging from a mother managing her household to a CEO managing a multinational corporation. In professional settings, it is the standard term for management as a discipline. You will hear it in discussions about project management (项目管理), human resources (人力资源管理), and financial oversight (财务管理). Beyond the office, it is used for personal development, such as time management (时间管理) or emotional regulation (情绪管理). The versatility of 管理 makes it an essential B1-level word because it bridges the gap between daily life and professional competence. When people use this word, they are often emphasizing the systematic nature of their actions. It implies a level of responsibility and the active use of one's intellect to ensure that resources—whether they be people, money, or time—are used efficiently. In modern China, the concept of 管理 has taken on even greater significance with the rise of the 'professional manager' class, moving away from traditional family-run business models toward more structured, scientific management approaches. Understanding 管理 is key to navigating Chinese social and professional hierarchies, as it defines the relationship between the overseer and the overseen.

Professional Context: Used to describe the act of running a company or department. Example: 他在管理一家大公司 (He is managing a large company).

我们需要更好的时间管理来完成这个项目。

有效的管理是成功的关键。

Personal Context: Used for self-discipline and organizing personal affairs. Example: 学习如何管理压力 (Learn how to manage stress).

谁在管理这个团队？

Academic Context: Refers to the study of administration. Example: 他在大学学习工商管理 (He is studying Business Administration at university).

城市管理是一项复杂的任务。

他被提升为管理层。

Using 管理 (guǎnlǐ) correctly in a sentence requires an understanding of its role as both a transitive verb and a noun. When used as a verb, it follows the standard Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) structure. For example, 'The manager manages the staff' translates to 经理管理员工 (Jīnglǐ guǎnlǐ yuángōng). It is important to note that the object of 管理 can be people, organizations, abstract concepts like time, or physical assets like property. One common grammatical pattern is the use of 管理 to describe a state of being managed, often using the word '被' (bèi) for the passive voice, although this is less common than the active voice. For instance, 这个项目由他管理 (This project is managed by him) is a very natural way to express responsibility. Another frequent structure involves the use of 管理 as an attributive noun to modify other nouns, such as 管理人员 (management personnel), 管理经验 (management experience), or 管理水平 (management level). When you want to talk about the quality of management, you often use the word 水平 (shuǐpíng - level) or 能力 (nénglì - ability). For example, 他的管理能力很强 (His management ability is very strong). In more formal or written Chinese, you might see 管理 combined with other verbs to form complex predicates, such as 负责管理 (responsible for managing). It is also worth noting that 管理 can take various complements to indicate the result or direction of the management. For example, 管理得很好 (managed very well) uses the particle '得' to link the verb to an adverbial complement. In contrast, 管理起来 (to start managing/when it comes to managing) uses the directional complement '起来' to indicate the beginning of an action or a perspective. For B1 learners, the focus should be on mastering the SVO structure and the most common collocations like 管理时间, 管理公司, and 管理团队. As you progress, you will find that 管理 is often used in the context of 'governance' or 'administration' in political and social science texts, where it takes on a more formal tone. Regardless of the level of formality, the core meaning remains consistent: the application of authority and logic to maintain order and achieve goals.

Active Voice: Subject + 管理 + Object. Example: 我管理这个部门 (I manage this department).

公司需要一位有经验的人来管理财务。

良好的管理可以提高效率。

Modifying Nouns: 管理 + Noun. Example: 管理制度 (management system).

他缺乏管理经验。

这间办公室由行政部管理。

严格的管理对学生有好处。

In the real world, 管理 (guǎnlǐ) is ubiquitous, appearing in professional, educational, and social spheres. If you are working in China or for a Chinese company, you will hear this word daily. In the office, managers are referred to as 管理者 (guǎnlǐzhě) or simply as being part of the 管理层 (guǎnlǐ céng - management layer). During meetings, you might hear colleagues discussing how to 管理项目 (manage projects) or 管理预期 (manage expectations). In the news, 管理 is frequently used when discussing government policy, such as 城市管理 (urban management) or 市场管理 (market regulation). These terms refer to the state's role in maintaining order and ensuring the smooth functioning of society. In educational settings, students are often taught about 自我管理 (self-management), which includes managing one's studies and personal life. On social media and in self-help books, 'management' is a buzzword for personal optimization. You will see articles on 情绪管理 (emotional management), 知识管理 (knowledge management), and even 身材管理 (body management/fitness). This broad usage reflects a cultural shift toward viewing one's life as something that can and should be organized and optimized through logical systems. Furthermore, in residential areas, you will encounter the 物业管理 (wùyè guǎnlǐ - property management), often shortened to 物业. They are the ones who take care of the building, security, and common areas. When you pay your monthly fees, you are paying the 管理费 (guǎnlǐ fèi - management fee). Even in casual conversation, if someone is being too bossy or trying to control others' business, you might hear '你管得太宽了' (nǐ guǎn de tài kuān le - you're interfering too much), which uses the root character 管 to express the overstepping of management boundaries. Understanding the context in which 管理 is used helps you grasp the underlying social dynamics, whether it's the formal hierarchy of a corporation or the informal discipline of a personal fitness routine. It is a word that signifies competence, authority, and the desire for order in an increasingly complex world.

In the Office: Discussing hierarchy and responsibilities. Example: 我们的管理模式很先进 (Our management model is very advanced).

物业管理处在这一层。

政府加强了对互联网的管理。

In Self-Help: Focusing on personal optimization. Example: 时间管理大师 (A master of time management).

良好的情绪管理对健康很重要。

这家餐厅的管理非常混乱。

他正在攻读管理学硕士学位。

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make with 管理 (guǎnlǐ) is confusing it with the single character 管 (guǎn). While they are related, 管 is much more informal and often carries a sense of 'interfering' or 'minding someone else's business.' For example, '别管我' (bié guǎn wǒ) means 'don't mind me' or 'leave me alone,' whereas '别管理我' would sound very strange and overly formal, as if you were an organization being administered. Another common error is using 管理 when 处理 (chǔlǐ - to handle/deal with) is more appropriate. 处理 is used for specific tasks or problems, like 'handling a complaint' (处理投诉), while 管理 is for ongoing oversight and organization. You manage a team (管理团队), but you handle a specific conflict within that team (处理冲突). Furthermore, English speakers often try to translate 'to run' (as in 'to run a shop') as 跑 (pǎo), which is incorrect. The correct term is 管理 or 经营 (jīngyíng - to operate). Another nuance is the difference between 管理 and 治理 (zhìlǐ). 治理 is much more formal and is usually reserved for the governance of a country, a large city, or a complex ecological system. You wouldn't '治理' a small coffee shop; you would '管理' it. Learners also sometimes struggle with the word order when using 管理 as a noun. In English, we say 'management experience,' and in Chinese, it is 管理经验. However, when saying 'the management of the company,' learners might say 公司的管理, which is correct, but they often forget that 管理 can also be the subject: 管理公司不容易 (Managing a company is not easy). Finally, be careful with the word 经理 (jīnglǐ - manager). While 经理 is the title of the person, 管理 is the action they perform. You don't '经理' a company; you '管理' it. Avoiding these pitfalls will help you sound more natural and professional in your Chinese communication. Remember to consider the scope of the action: is it a specific task (处理), a broad oversight (管理), or a high-level governance (治理)? Is it an informal 'minding' (管) or a formal 'administration' (管理)? Distinguishing these will significantly improve your fluency.

Confusing with 管: 管 is informal; 管理 is formal/professional. Don't use 管理 for 'leave me alone'.

错误：他在管理一个问题。正确：他在处理一个问题。

错误：他是一个管理。正确：他是一个经理。

Confusing with 治理: 治理 is for high-level governance (state/environment). 管理 is for organizations/personal affairs.

错误：他治理这个小组。正确：他管理这个小组。

错误：他经理这家店。正确：他管理这家店。

错误：他的管理很好（指具体处理某事）。正确：他的处理方式很好。

To truly master 管理 (guǎnlǐ), it is helpful to compare it with several synonyms and related terms that describe similar actions but in different contexts. The most common alternative is 经营 (jīngyíng), which specifically means 'to operate' or 'to run a business' with a focus on profit and commercial success. While you 管理 a team, you 经营 a shop or a brand. Another related word is 负责 (fùzé), which means 'to be responsible for.' While 管理 implies active organization, 负责 simply denotes that the person is the one accountable for the outcome. You can 负责 a project without necessarily being the one who 管理 every detail of the staff. Then there is 治理 (zhìlǐ), which we mentioned earlier. This word is much grander, often used for 'governing' a country or 'remediating' a river. It implies a high-level, systemic approach to solving deep-seated issues. For more specific tasks, 处理 (chǔlǐ) is the go-to verb. It means 'to handle' or 'to process.' If a customer has a problem, you 处理 the problem; you don't 管理 it. In a more administrative sense, you might see 行政 (xíngzhèng), which refers to 'administration' in a bureaucratic or governmental context. For example, 行政管理 (administrative management) is a common major in universities. Another interesting comparison is with 统筹 (tǒngchóu), which means 'to plan as a whole' or 'to coordinate.' This is a more strategic word, often used when someone has to balance many different moving parts to ensure they work together. Finally, there is 监管 (jiānguǎn), which means 'to supervise' or 'to regulate.' This is often used for government bodies that watch over industries to ensure they follow the law. Understanding these distinctions allows you to choose the most precise word for the situation. Use 管理 for general organizational oversight, 经营 for business operations, 处理 for specific tasks, and 治理 for high-level governance. By expanding your vocabulary in this way, you move from basic communication to nuanced expression.

管理 vs. 经营: 管理 focuses on organization and people; 经营 focuses on business operations and profit.

他不仅管理员工，还负责公司的经营策略。

我们需要处理这个紧急情况，而不是仅仅管理它。

管理 vs. 治理: 管理 is for companies/teams; 治理 is for states/complex systems.

国家治理需要长远的眼光。

谁负责这个项目的日常管理？

有效的监管可以防止行业乱象。

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

The character 理 is also the same 'li' found in 'physics' (物理 - wùlǐ), which literally means 'the logic of things.' So, management in Chinese is essentially 'the logic of control.'

راهنمای تلفظ

UK ɡwǎn lǐ

US ɡwǎn lǐ

The stress is equal on both syllables, but the tone sandhi makes the first syllable sound slightly more prominent as it rises.

هم‌قافیه با

饭馆 (fànguǎn) 道理 (dàolǐ) 整理 (zhěnglǐ) 代理 (dàilǐ) 清理 (qīnglǐ) 受理 (shòulǐ) 心理 (xīnlǐ) 原理 (yuánlǐ)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing both as third tones without the sandhi change.
Pronouncing 'guǎn' like 'guan' in English (rhyming with 'man').
Failing to make the 'l' in 'lǐ' clear.
Confusing the third tone with the fourth tone.
Making the 'u' in 'guǎn' too long.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 3/5

The characters are moderately complex but very common in news and business texts.

نوشتن 4/5

Writing '管' and '理' requires attention to stroke order and radical placement.

صحبت کردن 2/5

Easy to pronounce once the third-tone sandhi is mastered.

گوش دادن 2/5

Very distinct sound, easily recognizable in professional contexts.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

管 (guǎn) 理 (lǐ) 经理 (jīnglǐ) 公司 (gōngsī) 负责 (fùzé)

بعداً یاد بگیرید

经营 (jīngyíng) 治理 (zhìlǐ) 行政 (xíngzhèng) 监管 (jiānguǎn) 统筹 (tǒngchóu)

پیشرفته

绩效 (jìxiào) 范式 (fànshì) 宏观 (hóngguān) 权责 (quánzé) 寻租 (xúnzū)

گرامر لازم

Third Tone Sandhi

In 'guǎnlǐ', the first third tone changes to a second tone: 'guánlǐ'.

Verb-Complement Structure

管理得很好 (Managed very well) - using '得' to link verb and adverb.

Passive with '由'

这个部门由他管理 (This department is managed by him).

Noun as Attributive

管理人员 (Management personnel) - noun modifying another noun.

Nominalization

有效的管理 (Effective management) - verb acting as a noun.

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

妈妈管理我们的家。

Mom manages our home.

Subject (妈妈) + Verb (管理) + Object (家).

老师管理学生。

The teacher manages the students.

Simple SVO structure.

谁管理这个班？

Who manages this class?

Interrogative sentence with '谁'.

他不管理钱。

He doesn't manage money.

Negative form using '不'.

我要管理我的房间。

I want to manage my room.

Using '要' to express intent.

他在管理小猫。

He is managing the kittens.

Present continuous with '在'.

这个书包由我管理。

This bag is managed by me.

Passive-like structure with '由'.

请管理好你的东西。

Please manage your things well.

Imperative with '请' and resultative '好'.

他管理一家小商店。

He manages a small shop.

Verb + Numeral-Classifier + Noun.

学习管理时间很重要。

Learning to manage time is important.

Gerund-like use of '管理时间' as a subject.

经理管理所有的员工。

The manager manages all the employees.

Focus on professional roles.

我们需要管理好这些文件。

We need to manage these documents well.

Modal verb '需要' + '管理好'.

他在学习管理学。

He is studying management.

管理学 (guǎnlǐ xué) means 'the study of management'.

这间办公室管理得很乱。

This office is managed very messily.

Verb + '得' + Adverbial complement.

你会管理自己的生活吗？

Can you manage your own life?

Interrogative with '吗'.

公司管理层开会了。

The company management is having a meeting.

管理层 (guǎnlǐ céng) refers to the management level/team.

有效的管理可以提高工作效率。

Effective management can improve work efficiency.

管理 used as a noun/subject.

他有丰富的项目管理经验。

He has rich project management experience.

管理 modifying '经验' (experience).

我们需要加强对财务的管理。

We need to strengthen the management of finances.

对...的管理 (management of...).

如何管理压力是一个大问题。

How to manage stress is a big problem.

Question phrase used as a subject.

这家公司的管理制度非常严格。

This company's management system is very strict.

管理制度 (management system).

他被提升为部门管理人员。

He was promoted to department management personnel.

Passive voice with '被'.

良好的身材管理需要坚持运动。

Good body management requires persistent exercise.

身材管理 is a common term for fitness.

物业管理费每个月都要交。

Property management fees must be paid every month.

物业管理费 (property management fee).

科学管理是现代企业的核心。

Scientific management is the core of modern enterprises.

科学管理 (scientific management).

他擅长管理人际关系。

He is good at managing interpersonal relationships.

管理人际关系 (managing relationships).

政府正在改进城市管理模式。

The government is improving the urban management model.

管理模式 (management model).

风险管理在投资中至关重要。

Risk management is crucial in investment.

风险管理 (risk management).

他负责管理公司的供应链。

He is responsible for managing the company's supply chain.

负责管理 (responsible for managing).

情绪管理能力影响一个人的成功。

Emotional management ability affects a person's success.

情绪管理能力 (emotional management ability).

这家企业的管理水平处于行业领先地位。

This enterprise's management level is in a leading position in the industry.

管理水平 (management level).

我们需要对员工进行绩效管理。

We need to conduct performance management for employees.

绩效管理 (performance management).

知识管理是提升组织竞争力的关键。

Knowledge management is key to enhancing organizational competitiveness.

知识管理 (knowledge management).

该政策旨在加强对互联网平台的监管与管理。

The policy aims to strengthen the supervision and management of internet platforms.

监管与管理 (supervision and management).

危机管理要求领导者具备果断的决策力。

Crisis management requires leaders to have decisive decision-making power.

危机管理 (crisis management).

他正在研究跨文化管理中的沟通障碍。

He is researching communication barriers in cross-cultural management.

跨文化管理 (cross-cultural management).

宏观经济管理需要综合运用多种政策工具。

Macroeconomic management requires the integrated use of various policy tools.

宏观经济管理 (macroeconomic management).

扁平化管理有助于缩短决策链条。

Flat management helps shorten the decision-making chain.

扁平化管理 (flat management).

企业社会责任已纳入现代管理体系。

Corporate social responsibility has been integrated into modern management systems.

管理体系 (management system/framework).

精益管理的核心在于消除浪费。

The core of lean management lies in eliminating waste.

精益管理 (lean management).

在全球化背景下，主权国家面临着跨国治理与管理的双重挑战。

In the context of globalization, sovereign states face the dual challenges of transnational governance and management.

Formal academic register.

这种管理哲学深深植根于中国传统的伦理道德之中。

This management philosophy is deeply rooted in traditional Chinese ethics and morality.

Abstract philosophical context.

有效的生态管理是实现可持续发展的必由之路。

Effective ecological management is the only way to achieve sustainable development.

Scientific/Environmental register.

管理的不只是业务，更是人心与文化的交融。

What is managed is not just business, but the blending of hearts and culture.

Metaphorical and sophisticated use.

数字化转型正深刻地重塑着传统行业的管理逻辑。

Digital transformation is profoundly reshaping the management logic of traditional industries.

Complex analytical sentence.

在高度不确定的环境中，敏捷管理展现出了极强的生命力。

In a highly uncertain environment, agile management has shown great vitality.

Agile management (敏捷管理).

管理权责的清晰界定是防止权力寻租的基础。

The clear definition of management rights and responsibilities is the basis for preventing rent-seeking.

Legal/Political register.

他对于管理学范式的演进有着独到的见解。

He has unique insights into the evolution of management paradigms.

High-level academic discourse.

مترادف‌ها

治理经营统筹操控领导

متضادها

放任服从

ترکیب‌های رایج

管理时间

管理公司

管理团队

管理制度

管理经验

管理水平

管理人员

物业管理

情绪管理

财务管理

عبارات رایج

工商管理

— Business Administration. Often used as a major in university (MBA).

他在读工商管理硕士。

项目管理

— Project Management. The practice of leading a team to achieve goals.

项目管理需要良好的沟通。

自我管理

— Self-management. The ability to regulate one's own behavior and tasks.

大学生需要学会自我管理。

人力资源管理

— Human Resource Management (HRM). Managing people within an organization.

人力资源管理对公司很重要。

管理费

— Management fee. A fee paid for administrative or property services.

每个月要交管理费。

管理层

— Management level. The group of people who manage an organization.

管理层决定了公司的方向。

管理学

— Management science. The academic study of management.

管理学是一门复杂的学科。

管理模式

— Management model. The specific way an organization is managed.

这种管理模式非常高效。

管理体系

— Management system. The framework of processes and procedures.

公司建立了完整的管理体系。

管理工具

— Management tools. Software or methods used to assist in management.

我们要学会使用新的管理工具。

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

管理 vs 管 (guǎn)

管 is informal and can mean 'to interfere.' 管理 is formal and means 'to administer.'

管理 vs 处理 (chǔlǐ)

处理 is for specific tasks or problems. 管理 is for ongoing oversight.

管理 vs 治理 (zhìlǐ)

治理 is for high-level governance (state/environment). 管理 is for organizations.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"井井有条"

— In perfect order. Often used to describe the result of good management.

在他的管理下，公司事务井井有条。

Commendatory

"有条不紊"

— Methodical and systematic. Describes a well-managed process.

工作正在有条不紊地进行。

Formal

"各司其职"

— Each person performs their own duty. A key goal of management.

好的管理能让员工各司其职。

Neutral

"赏罚分明"

— Strict in both rewards and punishments. A principle of management.

管理要做到赏罚分明。

Formal

"条理清晰"

— Clear and logical. Describes the state of a well-managed mind or plan.

他的管理方案条理清晰。

Neutral

"事半功倍"

— Half the effort, twice the result. The outcome of efficient management.

科学管理能达到事半功倍的效果。

Commendatory

"统筹兼顾"

— To take everything into account and plan as a whole.

管理工作需要统筹兼顾。

Formal

"知人善任"

— To know people well and assign them to appropriate tasks.

优秀的管理者必须知人善任。

Commendatory

"任人唯贤"

— To appoint people based on their merit.

公司管理应坚持任人唯贤。

Formal

"居安思危"

— To think of danger in times of peace. A mindset for risk management.

管理层要有居安思危的意识。

Formal

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

管理 vs 经营 (jīngyíng)

Both involve running something.

经营 focuses on the business/profit aspect. 管理 focuses on the organizational/people aspect.

他管理员工，但不参与经营决策。

管理 vs 负责 (fùzé)

Both imply being in charge.

负责 is being accountable. 管理 is the active process of organizing.

我负责这个项目，但我请他来管理日常事务。

管理 vs 监管 (jiānguǎn)

Both involve oversight.

监管 is specifically about supervision and regulation, often by an external body.

银监会负责监管银行，而银行内部有自己的管理体系。

管理 vs 统筹 (tǒngchóu)

Both involve planning.

统筹 is more about high-level coordination and balancing different parts.

我们需要统筹兼顾，做好各方面的管理工作。

管理 vs 行政 (xíngzhèng)

Both relate to administration.

行政 is the bureaucratic function. 管理 is the broader act of directing.

行政管理是公司运行的基础。

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

S + 管理 + O

他管理一家店。

S + 很有 + 管理经验

他很有管理经验。

S + 负责 + O + 的管理

他负责财务的管理。

对...进行管理

我们要对项目进行管理。

S + 管理得 + Adj

这个公司管理得很成功。

加强/改进 + ...管理

政府需要加强环境管理。

以...为管理核心

公司以人为管理核心。

重塑...管理逻辑

AI正在重塑管理逻辑。

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

管理者 (guǎnlǐzhě) - Manager/Administrator

管理学 (guǎnlǐ xué) - Management Science

管理层 (guǎnlǐ céng) - Management level

管理费 (guǎnlǐ fèi) - Management fee

فعل‌ها

管 (guǎn) - To control/mind

理 (lǐ) - To tidy/order

监管 (jiānguǎn) - To supervise

托管 (tuōguǎn) - To entrust/trusteeship

صفت‌ها

管理的 (guǎnlǐ de) - Managerial

管理性的 (guǎnlǐ xìng de) - Administrative

مرتبط

经理 (jīnglǐ) - Manager

行政 (xíngzhèng) - Administration

经营 (jīngyíng) - Operation

治理 (zhìlǐ) - Governance

负责 (fùzé) - Responsible

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نحوه استفاده

frequency

Extremely high in professional and educational settings.

اشتباهات رایج

Using 管理 as a title for a person. → Use 经理 (jīnglǐ) or 管理者 (guǎnlǐzhě).
You can't say '他是一个管理.' You must say '他是一个经理' or '他负责管理.'
Using 管理 for one-time tasks. → Use 处理 (chǔlǐ).
You don't '管理' a single email; you '处理' it. Management is for ongoing processes.
Confusing 管理 with 管 in informal speech. → Use 管 for 'mind/interfere.'
Saying '别管理我' sounds like you are a corporation. Say '别管我' to mean 'leave me alone.'
Using 跑 (pǎo) to mean 'run a business.' → Use 管理 or 经营.
In English we 'run' a shop, but in Chinese, you 'manage' (管理) or 'operate' (经营) it.
Forgetting the tone sandhi. → Pronounce the first syllable as a second tone.
Pronouncing two third tones in a row is difficult and sounds non-native.

نکات

Use with '得'

To describe how well someone manages, use the 'verb + 得 + adverb' structure. For example, '他管理得井井有条' (He manages in a very orderly way).

Learn the 'Céng'

Add '层' (layer) to get '管理层' (management/executives). This is a very common way to refer to the 'bosses' as a group.

Experience Matters

When applying for jobs, use the phrase '有管理经验' (have management experience). It is a key requirement for many intermediate and senior roles.

Property Fees

If you live in a Chinese apartment, look for '管理费' on your bill. It's the monthly fee for security, cleaning, and maintenance.

Self-Improvement

Use '自我管理' to talk about your habits. It shows you are disciplined and organized, which is highly valued in Chinese culture.

Management vs. Governance

Use '管理' for companies and '治理' for countries. Using '治理' for a small team will sound overly dramatic and slightly incorrect.

Tone Sandhi

Always remember the 3-3 to 2-3 tone change. Say 'guán-lǐ', not 'guǎn-lǐ'. This is one of the most common third-tone pairs you will encounter.

Radical Recognition

The bamboo radical in '管' and the jade radical in '理' tell a story of control and value. Visualizing this helps in remembering how to write them.

Catch the Context

In the news, '管理' is often part of a longer phrase like '监督管理' (supervision and management). Listen for the 'guǎnlǐ' at the end.

Respect Hierarchy

In a Chinese management context, respecting the '管理层' is crucial. The word carries a weight of authority that should be acknowledged.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of a manager holding a bamboo 'pipe' (管) to direct people, while looking at the 'logic' (理) of a jade stone to make sure everything is in the right place.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a CEO standing in front of a giant bamboo pipe that flows into a perfectly polished piece of jade. The pipe is the control, and the jade is the order.

شبکه واژگان

经理 (Manager) 公司 (Company) 时间 (Time) 计划 (Plan) 组织 (Organize) 控制 (Control) 效率 (Efficiency) 制度 (System)

چالش

Try to describe your daily routine using the word 管理 three times. For example: 'I manage my time in the morning,' 'I manage my tasks at work,' and 'I manage my budget at night.'

ریشه کلمه

The word 管理 is composed of two ancient characters. 管 (guǎn) originally depicted a bamboo tube or flute, which later came to represent the 'pipes' or 'channels' of authority and control. 理 (lǐ) originally referred to the veins or grain in a piece of jade, representing the natural logic or order that must be followed when polishing it.

معنای اصلی: To control through channels and follow logical order.

Sino-Tibetan

بافت فرهنگی

Be careful not to use 管理 in a way that sounds like you are 'controlling' people's personal lives unless you have the authority to do so, as it can sound overbearing.

In English, 'management' can sound cold or corporate. In Chinese, 管理 is a broad term that can also sound caring or disciplined depending on the context.

Peter Drucker's works are widely translated as 管理学 classics in China. The 'Art of War' by Sun Tzu is often studied as a foundational text for 管理 strategy. The concept of 'Scientific Management' (科学管理) by Frederick Taylor is a key part of Chinese industrial history.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Office/Workplace

管理团队
管理项目
管理层会议
管理经验

Personal Development

时间管理
情绪管理
财务管理
自我管理

Government/News

城市管理
市场管理
环境管理
社会管理

Housing/Real Estate

物业管理
管理费
管理处
管理规定

Education

班级管理
学生管理
管理学专业
教学管理

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"你觉得在工作中管理时间最难的地方是什么？ (What do you think is the hardest part of managing time at work?)"

"你喜欢什么样的管理风格？ (What kind of management style do you like?)"

"你以前有管理团队的经验吗？ (Do you have any previous experience managing a team?)"

"你认为一个好的管理者应该具备哪些素质？ (What qualities do you think a good manager should have?)"

"在你的国家，物业管理通常负责哪些事情？ (In your country, what is property management usually responsible for?)"

موضوعات نگارش

写一写你如何管理每天的学习计划。 (Write about how you manage your daily study plan.)

描述一次你成功管理一个项目或活动的经历。 (Describe an experience where you successfully managed a project or activity.)

你认为自我管理对个人的成功有多重要？ (How important do you think self-management is to personal success?)

比较一下你经历过的两种不同的管理模式。 (Compare two different management models you have experienced.)

谈谈你对未来数字化管理趋势的看法。 (Talk about your views on the future trend of digital management.)

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

Yes, you can 管理 (manage) a team, employees, or students. It implies professional oversight. For example, '经理管理员工' (The manager manages the employees).

It is both. As a verb, it means 'to manage.' As a noun, it means 'management' or 'administration.' For example, '他管理公司' (verb) and '管理很重要' (noun).

管 is more informal and can mean 'to mind' or 'to interfere.' 管理 is formal and systematic. You wouldn't say '管理我' to mean 'leave me alone'; you would say '别管我'.

It is '时间管理' (shíjiān guǎnlǐ). This is a very common phrase in personal development contexts.

It means 'Property Management.' It refers to the company or office that manages an apartment building or commercial property.

Yes, '危机管理' (wēijī guǎnlǐ) is the standard term for crisis management in professional Chinese.

The opposite can be '放任' (laissez-faire/leave alone) or '混乱' (chaos/disorder), depending on the context.

Sort of. You can say '管理一家店' to mean 'run a shop,' but '经营' is more common for the business aspect of running it.

It is '管理信息系统' (guǎnlǐ xìnxī xìtǒng), often abbreviated as MIS.

Yes, '管理学' (Management) and '工商管理' (Business Administration) are very popular majors in Chinese universities.

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