این صفحه به زبان شما

English

العربية

Deutsch

Español

Français

日本語

한국어

Português

中文

हिन्दी

A2 adjective 9 دقیقه مطالعه

精通

jingtong

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 精通 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 精通 in your Level:

At the A1 level, learners are just beginning to understand the concept of 'mastery.' While you might not use '精通' to describe yourself yet, you might hear it in very simple contexts where someone is described as an expert. The focus at this level is recognizing the word in a sentence like '他精通中文' (He is proficient in Chinese). You should understand that this word represents the 'top level' of a skill. It's helpful to see it as a goal: 'I want to be 精通 in Chinese.' Learners at this level should focus on the basic 'Subject + 精通 + Object' structure. Even though it's an A2 word, seeing it early helps you understand the hierarchy of skill-related words like '会' (can), '好' (good), and '精通' (expert). You might see it in a simple story about a wise old man who is '精通' everything. Don't worry about the complex nuances yet; just remember it means 'really, really good at a subject.'

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

At the A2 level, you are expected to use '精通' to describe professional skills or academic subjects in a basic way. This is the level where the word is formally introduced. You should be able to list your skills on a simple CV using this word. For example, '精通英语' (Proficient in English) or '精通电脑' (Proficient in computers). You are also learning to differentiate it from '喜欢' (like) and '会' (can). At A2, you start to understand that '精通' implies study and effort, not just a natural hobby. You might use it to describe a teacher or a professional you know. The grammar remains simple, but the vocabulary range expands to include things like '精通数学' (proficient in math) or '精通历史' (proficient in history). You should also be able to form a negative sentence like '我不精通这个' (I am not proficient in this) to politely decline a task that is too difficult for you.

By the B1 level, you should understand the difference between '精通' and its synonyms like '擅长' (to be good at) and '熟练' (to be skilled). You can now use '精通' in more complex sentence structures, including those with adverbs of degree like '非常精通' (very proficient) or '比较精通' (relatively proficient). At this stage, you might use the word to discuss career goals or evaluate someone else's performance in a work setting. You understand that '精通' is a formal word and is more suitable for a professional report than a casual conversation with friends. You also begin to see it used with more abstract concepts, such as '精通业务' (proficient in business operations) or '精通某种理论' (proficient in a certain theory). Your ability to provide reasons why someone is '精通'—such as 'because they have studied for ten years'—marks your progress at this level.

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

At the B2 level, you can use '精通' with nuance and precision. You understand the cultural weight of the word and might use it to express modesty (e.g., '不敢说精通' - I wouldn't dare say I'm proficient). You are comfortable seeing the word in academic papers, technical manuals, and professional journals. You can also use it in the passive or as a modifier in more complex noun phrases like '一位在法律领域极其精通的专家' (an expert who is extremely proficient in the field of law). You start to recognize idiomatic expressions that are related to '精通,' and you can compare different levels of expertise using a variety of vocabulary. Your understanding of the character '精' as 'essence' helps you appreciate why the word is used for deep knowledge rather than just surface-level skill. You can participate in debates about what it means to truly 'master' a language or a craft.

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

At the C1 level, your use of '精通' is indistinguishable from a native speaker's. You understand the subtle difference between '精通' and '炉火纯青' (reaching the peak of perfection) and can choose the appropriate one based on the context's formality and poetic requirement. You can use '精通' to describe complex, multifaceted expertise, such as '精通中西文化' (proficient in both Chinese and Western cultures). You are also aware of the historical etymology of the characters and how this influences the word's usage in classical-style modern prose. You can write professional evaluations where you distinguish between someone who is merely '熟练' (skilled) and someone who is truly '精通' (expert), providing detailed justifications. You also understand the word's use in figurative contexts, such as being '精通人情世故' (expert in the ways of the world/social nuances).

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

At the C2 level, you have a masterly command of '精通' and all its related classical and modern forms. You can use the word in high-level academic discourse, literary analysis, and professional consulting. You understand the philosophical implications of '通' (connectivity/thoroughness) in Chinese thought and how it relates to '精通.' You can use the word to critique works of art, literature, or scientific theories, noting where a creator has shown '精通' or where they have fallen short. You are also familiar with rare, high-level synonyms and can use them to add variety and depth to your speech and writing. For you, '精通' is not just a vocabulary word but a concept you can explore in-depth, perhaps writing an essay on what it means to '精通' a language in the age of AI. You navigate the fine line between confidence and traditional modesty with ease, using the word to bestow high honor on others while remaining humble about your own vast knowledge.

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

精通 در ۳۰ ثانیه

精通 (jīngtōng) means to have a high level of mastery or expertise in a specific subject or skill.
It is a formal term commonly used in professional environments like job applications and academic introductions.
The word implies a deep, 'connected' understanding that goes beyond simple familiarity or basic ability.
Grammatically, it usually follows the pattern 'Subject + 精通 + Field/Skill' and doesn't require extra verbs.

The word 精通 (jīngtōng) is a powerful term in the Chinese language used to describe a high level of mastery, expertise, or deep understanding of a specific subject, skill, or field. While often translated as 'proficient' or 'expert in,' it carries a connotation of having 'penetrated' the core of a subject. In the journey of learning Chinese, moving from 'knowing' (知道) to 'understanding' (懂) and finally to 'mastering' (精通) represents the ultimate goal of any dedicated student or professional.

Core Concept: The term is composed of two characters: 精 (jīng), meaning refined, essence, or spirit, and 通 (tōng), meaning to go through, connect, or understand thoroughly. Together, they imply that one has not only learned the surface details but has reached the very essence of the knowledge, allowing for a seamless and 'connected' application of that skill.

You will most frequently encounter this word in professional settings, such as resumes, job interviews, and academic evaluations. When an employer asks if you are 精通 in a specific software or language, they are not asking if you can simply 'get by.' They are asking if you possess the technical depth to solve complex problems and innovate within that domain. It is a word that commands respect and implies years of dedicated practice and study.

他不仅会说普通话，还精通好几种方言。(He not only speaks Mandarin but is also proficient in several dialects.)

In a cultural sense, reaching the state of 精通 is often associated with the traditional Chinese value of 'craftsmanship' (匠人精神). Whether it is calligraphy, martial arts, or classical literature, to be described as someone who is 精通 is one of the highest compliments a teacher can bestow upon a student. It suggests that the skill has become a part of the person's identity, functioning as naturally as breathing.

Beyond technical skills, the word can also apply to abstract concepts like laws, history, or philosophy. For example, a lawyer might 精通法律 (be proficient in law), or a scholar might 精通史籍 (be expert in historical records). In each case, it suggests a comprehensive grasp that allows the individual to navigate the complexities of the field with ease and precision.

Synonym Nuance: Compared to 擅长 (shàncháng - to be good at), 精通 is much stronger. 擅长 implies a natural talent or a high level of skill, but 精通 implies a professional, comprehensive mastery that is often the result of rigorous formal training or decades of experience.

想要精通一门外语，需要长期的坚持和练习。(To master a foreign language, one needs long-term persistence and practice.)

Using 精通 (jīngtōng) correctly requires understanding its grammatical flexibility. While it often functions as a verb meaning 'to master' or 'to be proficient in,' it describes a state of being. The most common structure is Subject + 精通 + Noun (Field/Skill). Unlike some other adjectives, it does not typically require the linking verb '是' (shì) or the adverb '很' (hěn), though '非常精通' is common to emphasize extreme mastery.

Standard Structure: The most direct way to use the word is to place it before the area of expertise. Example: '她精通五国语言' (She is proficient in five languages). Here, '精通' acts as the predicate of the sentence.

In more formal writing or complex sentences, you might see it used as a modifier. For instance, '精通业务的员工' (employees who are proficient in the business) or '一位精通音律的老师' (a teacher expert in the laws of music). In these cases, the word describes the person's professional quality.

公司正在寻找一位精通数据分析的专家。(The company is looking for an expert proficient in data analysis.)

When discussing degrees of proficiency, you can use adverbs of degree. '十分精通' (extremely proficient), '博学精通' (learned and proficient), and '无不精通' (proficient in everything) are all ways to elevate the level of praise. Conversely, in a humble context, one might say '谈不上精通' (cannot claim to be proficient) to show modesty when asked about their skills.

Negative Form: To negate the word, use '不' (bù). Example: '我不精通电脑维修' (I am not proficient in computer repair). This is a polite and clear way to define the limits of your expertise.

虽然他学了很久，但依然称不上精通。(Even though he has studied for a long time, he still cannot be called proficient.)

Understanding the social context of 精通 (jīngtōng) is crucial for using it naturally. It is not a word you would typically use while chatting with friends about a video game or a cooking hobby unless you are speaking quite formally. Instead, it belongs to the world of professional achievement, academic excellence, and high-level skill assessment.

The Workplace: In job descriptions (职位描述), you will see '精通' listed under requirements. '精通Office办公软件' (Proficient in Office software) or '精通Python编程' (Proficient in Python programming) are standard phrases. During interviews, an interviewer might ask, '你对哪方面的业务最精通？' (Which aspect of the business are you most proficient in?).

In the academic world, professors are often introduced by their areas of expertise using this word. At a seminar, an introduction might go: '王教授精通中国近代史' (Professor Wang is an expert in modern Chinese history). Here, it serves as a badge of authority, distinguishing the professor from someone who merely 'studies' the subject.

这份工作要求申请人精通中英双语写作。(This job requires the applicant to be proficient in both Chinese and English writing.)

You will also hear this word in news reports and documentaries when describing historical figures or master craftsmen. When a documentary discusses a famous chef, it might say he '精通各大菜系' (is proficient in all major cuisines). It elevates the subject's status, suggesting a level of skill that is rare and hard-earned.

Literature and Media: In novels, particularly in the Wuxia (martial arts) genre, characters are often described as '精通各种兵器' (proficient in various weapons) or '精通内功' (master of internal energy). This usage emphasizes the character's legendary status and technical superiority over their rivals.

他从小就精通琴棋书画。(Since childhood, he has been proficient in the four arts: the zither, Go, calligraphy, and painting.)

While 精通 (jīngtōng) is a useful word, learners often make specific errors in its application, either by using it in the wrong grammatical slot or by misjudging the level of skill it implies. Understanding these pitfalls will help you sound more like a native speaker and avoid awkward social situations.

Mistake 1: Overuse for Basic Skills: One common mistake is using '精通' for everyday tasks. For example, saying '我精通吃饭' (I am proficient in eating) or '我精通看电视' (I am proficient in watching TV) is nonsensical because these are not specialized skills requiring study. '精通' should be reserved for disciplines that require significant effort to master.

Another frequent error involves the object of the word. '精通' must be followed by a field of knowledge or a complex skill. You cannot '精通' a person or a single physical object unless you mean you understand its internal workings as a specialist. For example, '我精通他' is incorrect; you should use '我很了解他' (I know him well).

错误：他精通打篮球。(Incorrect: He is proficient at playing basketball - usually '擅长' is better here for sports.) 正确：他精通篮球战术。(Correct: He is proficient in basketball tactics.)

Confusion with '熟悉' (shúxī - familiar with) is also common. '熟悉' means you know your way around a subject, while '精通' means you are an authority. If you tell a client you are '精通' a project's requirements, you are promising a level of expertise that leaves no room for error. If you are still in the learning phase, '熟悉' is the safer, more accurate choice.

Mistake 2: Grammatical Misplacement: Some learners try to use '精通' as a simple adjective with '的' to describe an action, like '精通地做' (doing it proficiently). This is grammatically awkward. '精通' describes the person's state of knowledge, not the manner of a specific action. Use '熟练地' (skillfully) for actions.

错误：他精通地修好了机器。(Incorrect: He proficiently fixed the machine.) 正确：他凭借精通的技术修好了机器。(Correct: He fixed the machine using his proficient skills.)

In Chinese, there are several words that overlap with 精通 (jīngtōng), but each has a specific 'flavor' or register. Choosing the right one depends on whether you are talking about a professional skill, a natural talent, or a physical dexterity.

精通 vs. 擅长 (shàncháng): '擅长' means 'to be good at' or 'to excel in.' It is often used for hobbies, sports, or natural inclinations. '他擅长社交' (He is good at socializing). '精通' is more formal and implies a deeper, often academic or professional, mastery. You '擅长' cooking, but you '精通' culinary arts.
精通 vs. 掌握 (zhǎngwò): '掌握' means 'to grasp' or 'to master.' It is a verb that describes the act of acquiring a skill. '他掌握了这项技术' (He has mastered this technology). '精通' describes the state of having already reached that high level. '掌握' is the process; '精通' is the result.
精通 vs. 熟练 (shùliàn): '熟练' means 'skilled' or 'practiced.' It usually refers to physical tasks or technical operations that become easy through repetition. A factory worker is '熟练' at their task. '精通' implies a higher intellectual understanding of the 'why' and 'how' behind the skill.

For those seeking more literary or idiomatic ways to express mastery, consider these alternatives:

炉火纯青 (lú huǒ chún qīng): An idiom meaning 'to reach the peak of perfection.' It is used for arts and crafts.
出神入化 (chū shén rù huà): Used to describe skills so amazing they seem supernatural.
驾轻就熟 (jià qīng jiù shú): Doing something with ease because one is very experienced.

虽然他很擅长数学，但还没达到精通的程度。(Although he is good at math, he hasn't reached the level of proficiency yet.)

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

In ancient times, '精' also referred to the 'spirit' or 'life force.' Thus, being '精通' implies that your spirit is in harmony with the knowledge you possess.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /tɕiŋ˥ tʰʊŋ˥/

US /tɕiŋ˥ tʰʊŋ˥/

Both syllables receive equal stress as they are both first-tone characters.

هم‌قافیه با

冰 (bīng) 兵 (bīng) 丁 (dīng) 听 (tīng) 空 (kōng) 红 (hóng) 松 (sōng) 东 (dōng)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing 'jīng' like the English 'jing-le' with a low tone.
Pronouncing 'tōng' like 'tongue' instead of using the high level tone.
Confusing the 'j' in 'jīng' with a 'zh' sound.
Failing to aspirate the 't' in 'tōng'.
Dropping the 'ng' nasal sound at the end of both syllables.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 3/5

The characters are relatively common, but the nuance requires attention.

نوشتن 4/5

Writing '精' and '通' requires correct stroke order for balance.

صحبت کردن 2/5

Pronunciation is simple (both first tones).

گوش دادن 2/5

Easily recognizable in professional contexts.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

会好懂学习专业

بعداً یاد بگیرید

擅长掌握熟练娴熟造诣

پیشرفته

炉火纯青出神入化博大精深登峰造极融会贯通

گرامر لازم

Stative Verbs as Adjectives

他精通数学。(No '是' needed)

Adverbs of Degree

他非常精通。(Use '非常' for emphasis)

Attributive '的'

精通业务的员工。(Using the word to modify a noun)

Negation with '不'

我不精通电脑。(Standard negation)

Prepositional Phrases

他在法律方面很精通。(Using '在...方面')

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

他精通中文。

He is proficient in Chinese.

Subject + 精通 + Language

我不精通电脑。

I am not proficient with computers.

Negative form using '不'

老师精通数学。

The teacher is an expert in math.

Describes professional expertise

你精通英文吗？

Are you proficient in English?

Question form with '吗'

他精通这种游戏。

He is an expert at this game.

Informal context for '精通'

我们要精通汉语。

We need to master Chinese.

Expressing a goal with '要'

她精通画画。

She is proficient in painting.

Used with an artistic skill

爸爸精通开车。

Dad is an expert at driving.

Used for a practical skill

我精通Office软件。

I am proficient in Office software.

Common resume phrase

他精通两门外语。

He is proficient in two foreign languages.

Quantifying skills

这位厨师精通川菜。

This chef is an expert in Sichuan cuisine.

Specific professional expertise

她精通中国历史。

She is proficient in Chinese history.

Academic subject

你不精通这个业务。

You are not proficient in this business area.

Professional feedback

他精通各种乐器。

He is proficient in various musical instruments.

Used with '各种' (various)

我很想精通编程。

I really want to master programming.

Expressing desire with '想'

他精通法律知识。

He is proficient in legal knowledge.

Formal knowledge base

他非常精通市场营销。

He is very proficient in marketing.

Using '非常' for emphasis

精通这门技术需要时间。

It takes time to master this technology.

Used as the subject of the sentence

她精通多种编程语言。

She is proficient in multiple programming languages.

B1 level professional skill

他精通于古建筑修复。

He is proficient in the restoration of ancient buildings.

Structure: 精通于 + specific field

只有精通业务才能升职。

Only by mastering the business can you get promoted.

Conditional sentence with '只有...才'

他精通钢琴，还得过奖。

He is proficient in piano and has won awards.

Adding supporting details

我不怎么精通修理电器。

I'm not very proficient at repairing appliances.

Using '不怎么' for a softer negation

他精通心理学，很会聊天。

He is proficient in psychology and is good at talking.

Linking expertise to a social skill

他精通财务管理，经验丰富。

He is proficient in financial management and highly experienced.

Combining proficiency with experience

精通多国语言是他的优势。

Being proficient in multiple languages is his advantage.

Using '精通...' as a noun phrase

虽然他精通理论，但缺乏实践。

Although he is proficient in theory, he lacks practice.

Contrast using '虽然...但'

他精通诗词歌赋，很有才华。

He is proficient in poetry and literature, very talented.

Used for traditional literary skills

公司需要精通国际法的律师。

The company needs a lawyer proficient in international law.

Used as an attributive modifier

他精通机械原理，修好了机器。

He is proficient in mechanical principles and fixed the machine.

Explaining the cause of a successful action

她精通茶道，动作非常优雅。

She is proficient in the tea ceremony, her movements are very elegant.

Describing cultural mastery

他精通股票投资，赚了不少钱。

He is proficient in stock investment and made a lot of money.

Describing a practical, high-stakes skill

他精通人情世故，处事圆滑。

He is an expert in social nuances and handles matters smoothly.

Abstract usage for social intelligence

王教授精通先秦哲学。

Professor Wang is an expert in Pre-Qin philosophy.

Highly specific academic expertise

他精通各门派的武功。

He is proficient in the martial arts of various sects.

Wuxia/Literary context

这份翻译要求精通文学修辞。

This translation requires proficiency in literary rhetoric.

High-level linguistic requirement

他精通古琴，琴声忧伤动人。

He is a master of the Guqin, the music is sad and moving.

Combining skill with emotional output

她精通统计学，为研究提供了支持。

She is proficient in statistics, providing support for the research.

Used in a scientific/research context

他精通外交辞令，化解了危机。

He is an expert in diplomatic language and defused the crisis.

Describing high-level professional communication

精通一门手艺，足以安身立命。

Mastering a craft is enough to make a living.

Philosophical statement about life

他精通训诂学，能读懂生僻古籍。

He is an expert in exegesis and can read obscure ancient texts.

Extremely niche academic mastery

其人精通术数，常能预知未来。

The man is proficient in numerology and can often predict the future.

Archaic/Literary phrasing

他精通各种复杂的金融衍生品。

He is proficient in various complex financial derivatives.

Modern, high-level technical mastery

她精通跨文化交际的微妙之处。

She is an expert in the subtleties of cross-cultural communication.

Describing high-level soft skills

他精通系统架构，解决了核心难题。

He is an expert in system architecture and solved the core problem.

Advanced engineering expertise

精通此道者，寥寥无几。

Those who are proficient in this way are very few.

Formal/Classical expression of rarity

他精通版本目录学，是业内的权威。

He is an expert in bibliography and a leading authority in the field.

Describing ultimate professional authority

由于他精通多种算法，被顶尖公司聘请。

Because he is proficient in multiple algorithms, he was hired by a top company.

Causal relationship in a professional context

ترکیب‌های رایج

精通业务

精通外语

精通电脑

精通法律

精通算法

精通琴艺

精通医道

精通史籍

精通术数

无不精通

عبارات رایج

精通多国语言

— To be proficient in many languages. Used to describe polyglots.

他精通多国语言，经常出国出差。

精通各种技能

— To be proficient in various skills. Used for multitalented people.

他精通各种技能，是公司的全才。

精通一门手艺

— To master a specific craft. Emphasizes specialized skill.

精通一门手艺可以让你生活无忧。

精通中国文化

— To be an expert in Chinese culture. Often used for Sinologists.

这位外国教授精通中国文化。

精通办公软件

— To be proficient in office software. A staple on resumes.

申请这个职位需要精通办公软件。

精通技术

— To be technically proficient. Used in engineering and IT.

他精通技术，解决了所有故障。

精通法律条文

— To be proficient in legal clauses. Used for lawyers/legal clerks.

他精通法律条文，辩论非常有力。

精通常识

— To have a masterly grasp of general knowledge.

他博学多才，精通常识。

精通棋艺

— To be an expert at chess or Go.

他精通棋艺，在比赛中拿了冠军。

精通烹饪

— To be an expert in cooking.

她精通烹饪，做的菜非常好吃。

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

精通 vs 熟悉 (shúxī)

Familiar with. Much weaker than 精通. You can be familiar with a road, but you master a skill.

精通 vs 擅长 (shàncháng)

Good at. Often refers to natural talent or hobbies like sports.

精通 vs 掌握 (zhǎngwò)

To grasp/master. Usually used as a verb for the process of learning.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"炉火纯青"

— Literally 'the stove fire turns pure blue.' Refers to reaching a peak of perfection in a skill.

他的书法已经达到了炉火纯青的地步。

Literary

"出神入化"

— To reach a state of superb mastery that seems divine or magical.

他的演技出神入化，深受观众喜爱。

Literary

"驾轻就熟"

— To drive a light carriage on a familiar road. Doing something with ease due to experience.

由于精通业务，他处理起这些事来驾轻就熟。

Neutral

"游刃有余"

— To have plenty of room for the knife. Handling a task with great ease and skill.

他精通技术，面对难题总是游刃有余。

Literary

"博大精深"

— Broad and profound. Often used to describe culture, knowledge, or philosophy.

中国文化博大精深。

Formal

"登峰造极"

— To reach the peak. Achieving the highest possible level in a field.

他在艺术上的造诣已经登峰造极。

Literary

"融会贯通"

— To achieve a comprehensive understanding by bringing together various pieces of knowledge.

他精通多门学科，并能融会贯通。

Formal

"得心应手"

— What the heart wishes, the hand accomplishes. Performing a task with perfect ease.

他精通修理，干起活来得心应手。

Neutral

"点石成金"

— To turn stone into gold. Having the skill to improve something significantly with a small touch.

他精通设计，总能点石成金。

Literary

"一技之长"

— A specialized skill. Often used when discussing the importance of mastering something.

每个人都应该精通一技之长。

Neutral

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

精通 vs 通晓

Both mean to know thoroughly.

通晓 is more about broad knowledge or languages; 精通 is more about deep technical expertise.

他通晓多国语言。

精通 vs 熟练

Both imply being good at something.

熟练 is about being practiced and fast; 精通 is about deep intellectual understanding.

她打字很熟练。

精通 vs 专业

Both relate to expertise.

专业 is often a noun (major) or an adjective for 'professional' behavior; 精通 is specifically about skill level.

他是专业的厨师。

精通 vs 了解

Both mean knowing something.

了解 is just 'to understand' or 'to know about,' much shallower than 精通.

我了解他的想法。

精通 vs 明白

Basic understanding.

明白 is just 'to understand' a point; 精通 is to master a whole field.

我明白你的意思。

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

S + 精通 + N

我精通英语。

S + 非常/很 + 精通 + N

他非常精通电脑。

S + 对 + N + 很精通

她对数学很精通。

精通 + N + 的 + Person

精通法律的律师。

S + 谈不上 + 精通

我谈不上精通。

S + 精通于 + N

他精通于古籍研究。

S + 不仅会...而且精通...

他不仅会唱歌，而且精通乐理。

精通...者，...也

精通此道者，天才也。

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

精髓 (jīngsuǐ) - essence

通才 (tōngcái) - polymath

فعل‌ها

通晓 (tōngxiǎo) - to be proficient in

通往 (tōngwǎng) - to lead to

صفت‌ها

精干 (jīnggàn) - capable

通顺 (tōngshùn) - smooth (of writing)

مرتبط

精神 (jīngshén)

通知 (tōngzhī)

精彩 (jīngcǎi)

通常 (tōngcháng)

精准 (jīngzhǔn)

برای دیدن همه مثال‌ها رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

نحوه استفاده

frequency

High in professional/academic contexts; low in casual daily life.

اشتباهات رایج

我精通地打球。 → 我擅长打球。
精通 is not usually used as an adverb for physical actions.
他是精通的。 → 他精通业务。
精通 usually needs an object to clarify what the person is proficient in.
我精通我的朋友。 → 我很了解我的朋友。
You don't 'master' a person; you 'know' them.
我很精通在数学。 → 我精通数学 / 我在数学方面很精通。
Don't use '在' directly after '精通'.
他精通一个苹果。 → 他了解这个苹果。
精通 is for skills and knowledge, not physical objects.

نکات

No 'shì' needed

Don't say '我是精通'. Just say '我精通'.

Modesty

If someone says you are '精通', always deflect with a humble phrase.

Pairing

Always pair it with a noun like 语言, 电脑, or 法律.

Resume

Use it to list your strongest skills on a job application.

Tone 1

Keep both tones high and steady like a flat line.

Professionalism

Use it in office settings to sound more competent.

擅长 vs 精通

Remember: 擅长 is 'good at', 精通 is 'master of'.

Character 'Jing'

The radical in 精 is 'rice', implying something refined like white rice.

Fluency

Say it quickly as one unit: jīngtōng.

Goal Setting

Use it to define your long-term learning goals.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 'Jing' as 'Ging-er' (refined/sharp) and 'Tong' as a 'Tongue' that speaks through the subject perfectly. You are so sharp (Jing) you can talk (Tong) your way through any expert topic.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a golden thread (通) passing perfectly through the center of a diamond (精). This represents the clear path to the essence of knowledge.

شبکه واژگان

Expert Mastery Skill Knowledge Refined Through Connection Authority

چالش

Write three sentences about your dream career. Use '精通' to describe the most important skill you need to succeed in that job.

ریشه کلمه

The word comes from ancient Chinese texts where '精' represented the essence of grain (refined) and '通' represented an unobstructed path or connection. To be '精通' was to have a path directly to the essence of a thing.

معنای اصلی: To be thoroughly versed in a subject; to have a deep, unobstructed understanding of the core principles.

Sino-Tibetan (Chinese)

بافت فرهنگی

Be careful not to sound boastful. In Chinese social settings, it is better to let others call you '精通' than to claim it yourself.

English speakers often use 'fluent' for languages, but '精通' is broader, covering any intellectual or technical field. In English, we might say 'expert in,' while Chinese uses '精通' as a state of being.

The classic novel 'Dream of the Red Chamber' uses similar terms to describe the refined skills of the characters. Modern job platforms like Liepin and Zhaopin use '精通' as a key filter for high-paying roles. Wuxia master Jin Yong frequently uses '精通' to describe the martial prowess of his protagonists.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Job Interview

我精通...
我有...方面的专业背景
我熟练掌握...
我在此领域有多年经验

Academic Introduction

这位教授精通...
他的研究领域是...
他在...方面有深厚的造诣
他是...方面的专家

Hobby Discussion

我不算精通，只是喜欢
我还在学习...
他在这方面很精通
我想精通...

Resume Writing

精通英语听、说、读、写
精通各类办公软件
精通行业相关法律
精通项目管理

Praising Others

您真是精通此道
您对这方面太精通了
我们要向精通业务的同事学习
他是个精通各种技能的人

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"你最精通的一项技能是什么？"

"你觉得要精通一门外语需要多久？"

"在你的行业里，精通哪些软件是必须的？"

"除了中文，你还想精通哪种语言？"

"你认为精通和‘只是知道’有什么区别？"

موضوعات نگارش

写一写你目前最精通的事情，以及你是如何达到这个水平的。

如果你可以瞬间精通任何一种技能，你会选择什么？为什么？

描述一个你认为真正‘精通’某事的人。他们有什么特点？

谈谈你在学习中文的过程中，什么时候觉得自己开始从‘会说’变成‘精通’了？

精通一门手艺对一个人的生活有什么影响？

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

It is better to use 擅长 (shàncháng) for sports. Use 精通 for the tactical or theoretical side of sports.

In Chinese, it can function as both. It describes a state (adjective) but often takes an object like a verb.

You wouldn't use 精通. Use '我的...越来越好了' or '我正在掌握...'.

Probably not. '精通' usually implies near-native or professional level (HSK 6+).

熟练 is 'practiced/skillful' (e.g., fast typing), while 精通 is 'expert' (e.g., knowing how the computer works).

Yes, it is quite formal and commonly used in written documents and professional speeches.

No, you use it to describe a person's knowledge of a subject. You say '他精通数学,' not '他很精通' (unless the subject is implied).

熟练掌握 (shúliàn zhǎngwò) is a great alternative that sounds professional.

Yes, this is a very common and correct phrase.

You can ask: '你精通这方面的业务吗？' (Are you proficient in this area of business?)

برای نکات و یادداشت‌ها رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید