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A2 verb 6 دقیقه مطالعه

伸展

shēnzhǎn

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 伸展 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 伸展 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you can think of 伸展 (shēnzhǎn) as the word for 'stretching' your body. Imagine you just woke up and you reach your arms up high—that is 伸展. It is a simple action word. You might learn it in a basic health or daily routine lesson. It combines 伸 (to reach out) and 展 (to spread). Even at this beginner stage, you can use it to talk about basic movements. For example, 'I stretch my arms' (我伸展手臂). It is helpful to associate it with yoga or morning exercises. Don't worry about the complex spatial meanings yet; just focus on the physical movement of your own body. It is a very useful word for describing how you feel after sitting for a long time at a desk. When you feel stiff, you need to 伸展.

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At the A2 level, you begin to use 伸展 (shēnzhǎn) in more complete sentences and notice its use in nature. You might describe how a cat stretches after a nap or how you do 'stretching exercises' (伸展运动) before playing sports. You will also see it used for things like tree branches. For example, 'The branches stretch to the window' (树枝伸展到窗户边). At this level, you should understand that it's a verb that takes an object. You are also learning to distinguish it from simple words like '伸' (to stick out). While '伸' is just the act of reaching, '伸展' feels more like a full movement of the whole limb or object. It's about making something as long or as wide as it can go.

By B1, you should be comfortable using 伸展 (shēnzhǎn) for both physical actions and spatial descriptions. You will encounter it in more descriptive texts, such as travel writing or stories. You'll notice it describes how landscapes look—like a road stretching across a desert or a park stretching through a city. You should also start to see the difference between 伸展 and 延伸 (yánshén). While 延伸 is for lines like roads, 伸展 is for things that spread out like a fan or a bird's wings. You might also start using it with the particle '着' to describe a state, such as 'The wings are stretched' (翅膀伸展着). This adds more detail to your descriptions and makes your Chinese sound more natural and sophisticated.

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At the B2 level, you are expected to understand the metaphorical and more formal uses of 伸展 (shēnzhǎn). It can refer to the 'room to maneuver' or 'potential for growth' in a professional context, often paired with '空间' (space) to form '伸展空间'. You will also see it in scientific or technical contexts, such as describing the expansion of a material or the way a structure is built to extend outward. Your understanding of the word should include its nuances compared to 扩张 (expansion) and 舒展 (relaxed extension). You should be able to choose the correct word based on whether the context is about physical tension, relaxation, or volume. This level requires a deeper grasp of the 'flavor' of the word in literature and formal reports.

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At the C1 level, 伸展 (shēnzhǎn) becomes a tool for precise and evocative writing. You will find it in high-level literature where it might describe the way light stretches across a room or how an abstract idea 'stretches' the limits of human understanding. You should be able to appreciate the rhythmic quality it adds to a sentence. You will also understand its use in specific fields like architecture (referring to the cantilevered parts of a building) or biology (referring to the specialized extension of cells). At this stage, you are not just learning the word but mastering the subtle imagery it evokes—the tension, the reach, and the eventual full expression of a form in space. You can use it to create complex metaphors about growth and influence.

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At the C2 level, your mastery of 伸展 (shēnzhǎn) is complete, allowing you to use it with the same nuance as a native speaker in academic, literary, or professional settings. You understand its historical roots and how it interacts with other classical Chinese elements in modern compound words. You can use it in philosophical discussions about the extension of the self or the stretching of time and space in modern physics. You are also aware of very rare or highly specific technical uses. Your ability to distinguish it from its synonyms is instinctive, and you can use it to convey subtle shades of meaning—for instance, choosing 伸展 over 延伸 to emphasize the breadth and volume of a mountain range rather than just its length. It is no longer just a vocabulary word, but a precise instrument in your linguistic toolkit.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

伸展 در ۳۰ ثانیه

伸展 means to stretch or extend physically.
Commonly used for body movements and nature.
Differs from '延伸' which is more linear.
Essential for discussing fitness and health.

The Chinese verb 伸展 (shēnzhǎn) is a foundational term that primarily describes the physical act of stretching or extending something to its full length or capacity. At its core, it combines the character 伸 (shēn), which means to stretch or extend, with 展 (zhǎn), meaning to spread out or unfold. Together, they create a vivid image of expansion. This word is most commonly encountered in contexts involving the human body, such as during exercise, yoga, or simply waking up in the morning. However, its utility extends far beyond physical fitness; it is frequently used to describe how plants grow, how wings unfold, or how geographic features like plains or mountain ranges spread across a landscape.

Physical Limbs: When an athlete warms up, they must 伸展 their muscles to prevent injury. This implies a deliberate reaching out of the arms or legs.
Natural Growth: Tree branches 伸展 toward the sunlight, showing a natural, organic expansion toward a source of energy.
Geographic Scope: A vast grassland might 伸展 for hundreds of miles, suggesting a sense of openness and reaching the horizon.

他在早晨起床后，习惯性地伸展了一下身体。(After waking up in the morning, he habitually stretched his body.)

In modern Chinese society, with the rise of health consciousness, you will hear 伸展 constantly in gyms and wellness centers. It carries a positive connotation of health, flexibility, and vitality. Unlike more technical terms for 'extension' used in engineering, 伸展 feels organic and alive. It is the movement of a bird opening its wings or a flower opening its petals in the dawn light.

老鹰在高空中伸展着巨大的翅膀。(The eagle stretched its huge wings high in the sky.)

Furthermore, the word can be used metaphorically to describe the expansion of influence or power, though this is more formal. In most daily conversations, sticking to the physical and spatial meanings will serve you best. It is a versatile verb that bridges the gap between simple biological functions and the grand scale of nature's architecture.

Using 伸展 (shēnzhǎn) correctly requires understanding its role as a transitive or intransitive verb. It often appears with the particle '一下' (yīxià) to indicate a brief action, or with '着' (zhe) to describe a state of being stretched out. The grammatical structure is usually [Subject] + [伸展] + [Object], where the object is the body part or the thing being extended.

Subject + 伸展 + Body Part: Example: 我需要伸展我的腿。(I need to stretch my legs.) This is the most common everyday usage.
Subject + 伸展 + 到 + Location: Example: 森林伸展到山脚下。(The forest stretches to the foot of the mountain.) This describes spatial extension.

瑜伽课上，老师让我们慢慢地伸展手臂。(In the yoga class, the teacher asked us to slowly stretch our arms.)

When describing the state of something already extended, we use '伸展着'. For instance, '这棵树的枝叶向四面八方伸展着' (The branches and leaves of this tree are stretching out in all directions). Here, the focus is on the visual appearance of the tree rather than the action of growing. In descriptive writing, this adds a layer of vivid imagery to the scene.

他在草地上伸展四肢，享受着阳光。(He stretched his limbs on the grass, enjoying the sunshine.)

In formal contexts, you might see it used with abstract concepts like '伸展空间' (space to expand/maneuver). For example, '这个项目为我们的发展提供了巨大的伸展空间' (This project provides huge room for our development). This metaphorical use highlights the flexibility and potential for growth that the word implies.

The word 伸展 (shēnzhǎn) is ubiquitous in specific environments. If you walk into a fitness center in Beijing or Shanghai, you will hear instructors shouting instructions to 伸展. It is the standard term for stretching in physical education and sports science. Beyond the gym, you will find it in nature documentaries, where narrators describe the way animals or plants interact with their environment.

Fitness and Sports: '运动后，别忘了做一些伸展运动。' (Don't forget to do some stretching exercises after exercising.) This is a very common piece of advice.
Literature and Poetry: Authors use it to describe landscapes: '平原在月光下向远方伸展。' (The plain stretches into the distance under the moonlight.)

教练强调，正确的伸展可以提高身体的柔韧性。(The coach emphasized that proper stretching can improve body flexibility.)

In medical settings, a physical therapist might ask a patient to 伸展 a specific joint to test the range of motion. In aviation, it refers to the deployment of flaps or landing gear. Even in urban planning, you might hear about how a city's infrastructure 伸展 into the suburbs. It is a word that captures the essence of reaching out and taking up space, whether that space is physical, biological, or conceptual.

While 伸展 (shēnzhǎn) is straightforward, learners often confuse it with similar-sounding or similar-meaning words. The most common error is using it when '延伸' (yánshén) or '伸出' (shēnchū) would be more appropriate. Understanding the nuance of 'spreading out' versus 'extending in a line' is key.

伸展 vs. 延伸 (yánshén): 伸展 implies an unfolding or expanding (like a body or wings). 延伸 implies a linear continuation (like a road or a deadline).
伸展 vs. 伸出 (shēnchū): 伸出 means 'to stick out' or 'to reach out' (like sticking your tongue out or reaching for a cup). 伸展 is the act of stretching the whole part.

错误：这条路向北伸展。(Incorrect: This road stretches north.)
正确：这条路向北延伸。(Correct: This road extends north.)

Another mistake is using 伸展 for time. You cannot 伸展 a meeting; you must 延长 (yáncháng) it. 伸展 is almost always spatial or physical. Furthermore, remember that 伸展 is a formal enough word that using it for very small, trivial movements might sound slightly dramatic. For example, sticking a finger out is just 伸, not 伸展.

To truly master 伸展 (shēnzhǎn), you should compare it with its synonyms. Each has a specific flavor and context that makes it unique.

舒展 (shūzhǎn): This word emphasizes relaxation and comfort. While 伸展 can be a strenuous exercise, 舒展 is about easing tension. Example: 舒展眉头 (to smooth one's brow).
扩张 (kuòzhāng): This means 'to expand' or 'to dilate.' It is used for business expansion or the dilation of pupils. It implies growing larger in volume or scale.
延伸 (yánshén): Focuses on the continuation of a line. Best for roads, railways, or influence that spreads from a point along a path.

听到好消息，他的心情变得很舒展。(Hearing the good news, his mood became very relaxed.)

When choosing between these, ask yourself: Is it about physical length (伸展), relaxation (舒展), linear extension (延伸), or volume increase (扩张)? In the context of the human body, 伸展 and 舒展 are the most frequent, with 伸展 being the more active, physical term.

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

The character 展 (zhǎn) is also used in '展览' (exhibition), because an exhibition 'spreads out' items for people to see.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /ʃɛn ʈ͡ʂan/

US /ʃɛn ʈ͡ʂan/

Primary stress on the second syllable 'zhǎn'.

هم‌قافیه با

深 (shēn) 真 (zhēn) 展 (zhǎn) 产 (chǎn) 满 (mǎn) 短 (duǎn) 远 (yuǎn) 简 (jiǎn)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing 'shēn' with a rising tone instead of a level tone.
Forgetting the retroflex quality of 'sh' and 'zh'.
Confusing 'zhǎn' with 'zàn'.
Using a flat tone for 'zhǎn' when it should be dipping.
Merging the two sounds into one syllable.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 2/5

Characters are relatively common but require attention to strokes.

نوشتن 3/5

The character '展' can be tricky for beginners to write correctly.

صحبت کردن 2/5

Clear pronunciation, but tones must be distinct.

گوش دادن 2/5

Easily recognized in context of health or nature.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

伸展手身体向

بعداً یاد بگیرید

延伸舒展扩张柔韧性肌肉

پیشرفته

延展性拓宽蔓延弥漫

گرامر لازم

Resultative Complements

伸展到 (stretch to)

Aspect Marker '着'

伸展着 (is stretching/stretched)

Directional Verbs

向外伸展 (stretch outward)

Adverbial '地'

缓慢地伸展 (slowly stretch)

Reduplication (Informal)

伸展伸展 (stretch a bit)

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

我伸展我的手。

I stretch my hands.

Subject + Verb + Object

请伸展你的腿。

Please stretch your legs.

Imperative sentence

猫在伸展身体。

The cat is stretching its body.

Progressive aspect with '在'

早上要伸展一下。

Stretch a bit in the morning.

Use of '一下' for brief action

他在伸展手臂。

He is stretching his arms.

Basic SVO

鸟儿伸展翅膀。

The bird stretches its wings.

Subject is an animal

伸展很有趣。

Stretching is fun.

Verb as a subject

我们要伸展。

We need to stretch.

Modal verb '要'

运动前伸展很重要。

Stretching before exercise is important.

Time phrase + Verb + Adjective

这棵树的枝条向外伸展。

The branches of this tree stretch outward.

Directional complement '向外'

他伸展着双腿坐在沙发上。

He sat on the sofa with his legs stretched out.

Verb + '着' to describe state

伸展运动可以让你放松。

Stretching exercises can make you relax.

Noun phrase '伸展运动'

大桥向两岸伸展。

The bridge stretches to both banks.

Describing infrastructure

花瓣在阳光下伸展。

The petals stretch out in the sun.

Natural process

你可以伸展一下背部。

You can stretch your back a bit.

Specific body part

小草在春天伸展。

The grass stretches out in spring.

Seasonal context

广阔的平原向地平线伸展。

The vast plain stretches toward the horizon.

Literary description

这栋建筑的露台向海面伸展。

The balcony of this building stretches toward the sea.

Architectural extension

他在瑜伽垫上尽情地伸展身体。

He stretched his body to his heart's content on the yoga mat.

Adverbial '尽情地'

山脉在云雾中若隐若现地伸展。

The mountain range stretches faintly in the mist.

Idiomatic expression '若隐若现'

这种材料在受热后会伸展。

This material will stretch after being heated.

Technical context

我们的业务正在向海外伸展。

Our business is stretching overseas.

Metaphorical business use

他伸展了一下僵硬的脖子。

He stretched his stiff neck.

Adjective '僵硬'

舞台的背景向两侧伸展。

The stage background stretches to both sides.

Spatial arrangement

新政策为企业提供了更大的伸展空间。

The new policy provides more room for maneuver for enterprises.

Abstract concept '伸展空间'

老鹰在高空中伸展着宽大的翅膀滑翔。

The eagle glides high in the sky with its broad wings stretched out.

Complex sentence with '着'

这座城市沿着海岸线不断伸展。

The city keeps stretching along the coastline.

Continuous action '不断'

伸展运动是预防运动损伤的关键。

Stretching exercises are key to preventing sports injuries.

Formal statement

他试图在有限的条件下伸展自己的才华。

He tried to stretch his talents under limited conditions.

Metaphorical use for talent

葡萄藤在架子上四处伸展。

The grapevines are stretching all over the trellis.

Description of growth

这种设计让小空间也有了伸展感。

This design gives even small spaces a sense of extension.

Noun usage '伸展感'

他缓缓地伸展手臂，感受每一块肌肉的运动。

He slowly stretched his arms, feeling the movement of every muscle.

Detailed description

历史的长河在时间中无限地伸展。

The long river of history stretches infinitely through time.

Philosophical metaphor

诗人的想象力在文字间自由伸展。

The poet's imagination stretches freely between the words.

Literary metaphor

该项目的触角已经伸展到了偏远地区。

The project's reach has already stretched to remote areas.

Idiomatic '触角' (tentacles/reach)

这种建筑风格强调线条的自然伸展。

This architectural style emphasizes the natural extension of lines.

Aesthetic description

随着经济的发展，城市的版图在不断伸展。

With economic development, the city's territory is constantly stretching.

Formal '版图' (territory)

他在困境中依然寻求精神的伸展。

In adversity, he still sought the expansion of his spirit.

Abstract spiritual use

森林的边缘向荒漠深处伸展。

The edge of the forest stretches deep into the desert.

Environmental description

这种新型合金在极端压力下仍能保持伸展性。

This new alloy can still maintain its extensibility under extreme pressure.

Scientific term '伸展性'

宇宙的疆界在理论物理学中向虚无伸展。

The boundaries of the universe stretch toward nothingness in theoretical physics.

Cosmological context

他的思想超越了时代的局限，向未来伸展。

His thoughts transcended the limitations of the era and stretched toward the future.

Abstract temporal extension

艺术家通过画布让灵魂得以伸展。

The artist allows the soul to stretch through the canvas.

Deeply metaphorical

权力在缺乏监督的情况下会肆意伸展。

Power will stretch wantonly in the absence of supervision.

Critical commentary

这首交响乐的旋律在空间中宏伟地伸展。

The melody of this symphony stretches grandly in the space.

Auditory metaphor

文明的脉络在数千年的历史中交织伸展。

The threads of civilization interweave and stretch through thousands of years of history.

High-level historiography

这种法律解释过度伸展了原意的范畴。

This legal interpretation overextends the scope of the original intent.

Legal nuance

在寂静的夜里，思绪往往会向最深处伸展。

In the silent night, thoughts often stretch to the deepest places.

Introspective tone

ترکیب‌های رایج

伸展运动

向外伸展

伸展空间

尽情伸展

四肢伸展

伸展肢体

自由伸展

无限伸展

缓慢伸展

伸展性

عبارات رایج

伸展一下

— To do a quick stretch.

坐久了，起来伸展一下。

伸展双臂

— To stretch both arms.

他伸展双臂迎接朋友。

伸展四肢

— To stretch all limbs.

躺在床上伸展四肢真舒服。

伸展身体

— To stretch the whole body.

早晨伸展身体很有益。

枝叶伸展

— Branches and leaves spreading out.

大树枝叶伸展，遮住了阳光。

向远方伸展

— Stretching into the distance.

公路向远方伸展。

伸展幅度

— Range of stretching.

注意伸展幅度不要太大。

伸展练习

— Stretching practice.

瑜伽包含很多伸展练习。

充分伸展

— To stretch fully.

动作要到位，充分伸展。

自然伸展

— To stretch naturally.

让头发自然伸展。

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

伸展 vs 延伸

Linear extension (roads, time) vs. 伸展 (spreading out).

伸展 vs 伸出

Sticking out a specific part vs. stretching the whole.

伸展 vs 扩张

Increasing volume/size vs. physical stretching.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"舒展筋骨"

— To stretch one's muscles and bones; to exercise.

去公园舒展筋骨。

Common

"大展宏图"

— To realize one's grand ambitions (uses '展' but related in spirit).

祝你大展宏图。

Formal

"一展身手"

— To show off one's skills.

他在比赛中一展身手。

Common

"展翅高飞"

— To spread wings and fly high; to have a bright future.

祝毕业学子展翅高飞。

Literary

"眉开眼笑"

— Beaming with joy (facial features 'stretching' in a smile).

他听了笑得眉开眼笑。

Common

"延年益寿"

— Prolonging life (related to the concept of extension).

运动可以延年益寿。

Formal

"伸张正义"

— To uphold justice (uses '伸' in a metaphorical sense).

法律应当伸张正义。

Formal

"拓土开疆"

— To expand territory.

古代帝王致力于拓土开疆。

Historical

"海阔天空"

— As wide as the sea and sky; limitless.

退一步海阔天空。

Common

"一望无际"

— Stretching as far as the eye can see.

草原一望无际。

Literary

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

伸展 vs 延伸

Both mean 'extend'.

延伸 is for lines; 伸展 is for bodies or surfaces.

公路延伸，身体伸展。

伸展 vs 舒展

Both used for body.

舒展 emphasizes relaxation; 伸展 emphasizes the act of reaching.

舒展眉头，伸展手臂。

伸展 vs 展开

Both involve 'zhǎn'.

展开 is to 'unfold' a flat object; 伸展 is to 'stretch' out.

展开地图，伸展四肢。

伸展 vs 延长

Both mean 'longer'.

延长 is for time or length; 伸展 is for physical reach.

延长假期，伸展身体。

伸展 vs 伸长

Very similar meaning.

伸长 focuses on the result of becoming longer; 伸展 focuses on the process of spreading.

伸长脖子，伸展翅膀。

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

我伸展[身体部位]。

我伸展手臂。

[名词]向[方向]伸展。

大树向天空伸展。

[名词]伸展到[地点]。

草地伸展到河边。

做[数量]伸展运动。

做十分钟伸展运动。

[抽象概念]在[范围]内伸展。

他的影响力在全国范围内伸展。

[名词]以[方式]宏伟地伸展。

山脉以磅礴之势向南伸展。

让[名词]得到伸展。

让筋骨得到伸展。

[名词]正在伸展。

小猫正在伸展。

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

伸展运动 (stretching exercises)

伸展性 (extensibility)

فعل‌ها

伸 (to stretch/extend)

展 (to spread/unfold)

展开 (to unfold)

展示 (to show/display)

صفت‌ها

伸展的 (stretched)

舒展的 (relaxed/extended)

مرتبط

延伸

延续

舒展

扩张

范围

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نحوه استفاده

frequency

Common in daily life, sports, and descriptive writing.

اشتباهات رایج

路在伸展。 → 路在延伸。
Roads are linear, so '延伸' is the correct term for their extension.
伸展会议时间。 → 延长会议时间。
Time cannot be 'stretched' using 伸展; use 延长.
他伸展了他的舌头。 → 他伸出了他的舌头。
For sticking out a small part like a tongue, use 伸出.
伸展地图。 → 展开地图。
Unfolding a flat object is 展开.
我的衣服伸展了。 → 我的衣服变大了/拉长了。
伸展 is an active or descriptive state, not usually for clothes losing shape.

نکات

Use with '着'

Use '着' after 伸展 to describe a state, like a bird with its wings already open.

Pair with Body Parts

Practice pairing it with 手臂 (arms), 腿 (legs), and 身体 (body).

Tone 3 Clarity

Make sure the third tone in 'zhǎn' is deep and clear to avoid confusion.

Nature Descriptions

Use it when writing about trees, mountains, or plains to sound more literary.

Avoid Time Contexts

Never use 伸展 for time; stick to physical or spatial contexts.

Visual Cues

Watch yoga videos in Chinese to see the word used in real-time action.

Metaphorical Use

Try using '伸展空间' in your essays to discuss potential or flexibility.

Identify in Media

Listen for it in morning radio shows that promote health tips.

Daily Routine

Say '我要伸展一下' every morning to build the habit.

Park Observation

Observe elderly people in parks; they are the masters of 伸展!

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of a person (亻) reaching for the sun (shēn) and then spreading (zhǎn) their arms wide like an exhibition.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a yoga practitioner in a 'warrior pose,' reaching out in two directions simultaneously.

شبکه واژگان

Yoga Growth Wings Roads Flexibility Expansion Limbs Space

چالش

Try to describe three things in your room that can 伸展 (e.g., curtains, a laptop screen, your own arms).

ریشه کلمه

Composed of two characters: 伸 (shēn) and 展 (zhǎn). 伸 features the 'person' radical (亻), indicating a human action of reaching. 展 originally depicted a person lying down or spreading out clothing.

معنای اصلی: To spread out or extend a person's limbs.

Sino-Tibetan

بافت فرهنگی

No specific sensitivities; it is a neutral, positive term.

In English-speaking countries, 'stretching' is mostly seen as a gym activity. In China, it is a holistic health practice for all ages.

Tai Chi routines Yoga manuals in Chinese Nature poems by Wang Wei

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Gym/Fitness

做伸展运动
伸展肌肉
充分伸展
伸展练习

Nature/Geography

向远方伸展
枝叶伸展
山脉伸展
平原伸展

Morning Routine

起床伸展
伸展一下
伸展四肢
活动筋骨

Business/Abstract

伸展空间
业务伸展
才华伸展
影响力伸展

Biology/Science

细胞伸展
翅膀伸展
材料伸展
伸展性

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"你运动后会做伸展吗？ (Do you stretch after exercising?)"

"这棵树的枝条伸展得真漂亮。 (The branches of this tree stretch so beautifully.)"

"你觉得这个计划还有伸展的空间吗？ (Do you think there is room to expand this plan?)"

"早起伸展一下真的很有精神。 (Stretching after waking up really makes one feel energetic.)"

"我们需要更多的伸展练习来提高灵活性。 (We need more stretching exercises to improve flexibility.)"

موضوعات نگارش

描述你每天早晨是如何伸展身体的。 (Describe how you stretch your body every morning.)

如果你是一棵树，你的枝条会向哪里伸展？ (If you were a tree, where would your branches stretch?)

谈谈你生活中需要更多‘伸展空间’的地方。 (Talk about areas in your life where you need more 'room to maneuver'.)

记录一次你观察到的自然界中的伸展现象。 (Record an instance of stretching you observed in nature.)

伸展运动对你的心理健康有什么影响？ (How does stretching affect your mental health?)

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

It is better to use 延伸 for roads as they are linear. 伸展 implies a spreading out.

It is neutral and can be used in both formal fitness guides and casual talk.

The term is '伸展运动' (shēnzhǎn yùndòng).

No, you should use 延长 (yáncháng) for time-related extensions.

伸 is the basic action 'to reach'; 伸展 is the more complete 'stretch and spread' action.

Yes, it is very common to describe animals stretching their limbs or wings.

It can, but 舒展 (shūzhǎn) is the word that specifically focuses on relaxation.

Yes, in the phrase '伸展空间' meaning room for growth or maneuver.

Usually, we use '舒展' for facial features, but '伸展' could be used in very poetic contexts.

The most direct opposite is 收缩 (shōusuō), meaning to contract or shrink.

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