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B1 verb #4,500 le plus courant 9 min de lecture

申請する

shinsei suru Top 4,500

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces 申請する en 30 secondes

Explication 申請する in your Level:

At the A1 level, you might not use 'shinsei suru' yourself very often, as it is a complex verb. However, you might see it on signs or simple forms. Think of it as the 'Official Apply' button. At this stage, just remember that it is used for important things like passports or visas. You don't use it for things like 'applying' to a club or 'asking' a friend for a favor. It is a serious word for serious paperwork. If you go to a city hall, you might hear a clerk say 'Shinsei shite kudasai' (Please apply), meaning you need to fill out a formal form. Just focus on recognizing the word in the context of government offices or big companies.

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At the A2 level, you should start to distinguish 'shinsei suru' from 'moushikomu'. While 'moushikomu' is for things like joining a gym or a class, 'shinsei suru' is for when you need permission from an authority. You might use it in simple sentences like 'Pasupooto o shinsei shimashita' (I applied for a passport). You should also learn the noun form 'shinseisho' (application form) because you will see this written on many documents in Japan. At this level, you are beginning to navigate official procedures, and knowing this word helps you understand what step of the process you are in. It's about 'Applying for Permission'.

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At the B1 level, you are expected to use 'shinsei suru' correctly in professional and administrative settings. You should be able to explain that you are applying for a visa extension, a work permit, or a day off at work. You will use particles correctly, like 'Kaisha ni shinsei suru' (Apply to the company). You also start to learn related terms like 'kyakka suru' (to reject) or 'shounin suru' (to approve). At this level, you understand the nuance: 'shinsei suru' implies a formal process where someone else decides if you are allowed to do something. You can now use it to handle your own administrative life in Japan with more confidence.

At the B2 level, you can use 'shinsei suru' in more complex grammatical structures and varied contexts. You might discuss 'denshi shinsei' (electronic application) or 'hasan shinsei' (applying for bankruptcy) in a business discussion. You understand that 'shinsei' is part of a larger bureaucratic vocabulary. You can use it in the passive voice to describe procedures ('The application was submitted by the representative'). You also know when to use it versus 'oubo suru' (applying for a job) or 'shutsugan suru' (applying for a patent/university). Your usage reflects an understanding of the formal social structures in Japan, and you can navigate these systems using appropriate terminology.

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At the C1 level, you use 'shinsei suru' with precision in specialized fields like law, high-level business, or government policy. You are comfortable with formal variants and can discuss the nuances of 'shinsei' vs 'seiku' (claiming) in insurance or legal contexts. You can write formal letters or reports using the word in its humble or honorific forms. You understand the historical and kanji-based nuances of the word, and you can participate in debates about administrative reform or application procedures. You use the word not just to describe your own actions, but to analyze the actions of organizations and government bodies in a sophisticated way.

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At the C2 level, 'shinsei suru' is a tool for nuanced expression in the most formal and academic settings. You can use it to discuss complex legal precedents, international treaty applications, or philosophical concepts of 'reporting' to an authority. You have a native-like grasp of its register and can switch between 'shinsei' and its many synonyms to achieve specific rhetorical effects. You can interpret the subtle implications when a government spokesperson uses 'shinsei' versus 'todokede' (notification). Your mastery allows you to navigate the most intricate parts of the Japanese bureaucratic and legal systems with the same ease as a native professional.

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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

申請する en 30 secondes

A formal verb used for official applications like visas, passports, and permits.
Commonly used in government offices (city hall) and corporate environments (HR requests).
Requires an authority or institution to review and approve the request.
Distinct from casual requests (tanomu) and commercial entries (moushikomu).

The Japanese verb 申請する (shinsei suru) is a cornerstone of formal and administrative communication in Japan. Composed of the kanji 申 (to report or say humbly) and 請 (to request or invite), it literally translates to making a formal report to request something. Unlike casual verbs like tanomu (to ask) or negau (to wish), shinsei suru implies a structured process, often involving paperwork, official channels, and an authority figure or institution that must approve the request. It is the word you will use when dealing with the government, your company's HR department, or any regulatory body.

Administrative Context: This verb is most frequently used when applying for official documents such as passports, visas, or driver's licenses. It suggests that there is a set of criteria to be met and a formal decision to be made by the recipient.
Corporate Environment: In a Japanese office, you don't just 'ask' for vacation; you shinsei for it. This applies to overtime pay, expense reimbursements, and even the use of company equipment. It reflects the hierarchical and procedural nature of Japanese business culture.

新しいビザを申請するために、入国管理局へ行きました。
(I went to the Immigration Bureau to apply for a new visa.)

The nuance of shinsei suru is distinct from moushikomu (to apply for a service or event). While moushikomu is used for joining a gym, a club, or a marathon, shinsei suru is reserved for when you are seeking permission, legal status, or a benefit that is governed by rules and regulations. For example, if you are asking for a government subsidy, you must use shinsei suru because it involves a verification process. Using the wrong verb can make you sound unprofessional or indicate a lack of understanding of the social structure involved.

有給休暇を申請する際は、一週間前までにシステムに入力してください。
(When applying for paid leave, please enter it into the system at least one week in advance.)

Culturally, the act of shinsei represents the individual's interaction with the collective or the state. It is a moment where one acknowledges the rules of the group. In modern Japan, this often happens via digital portals (電子申請 - denshi shinsei), but the underlying gravity of the word remains. Whether it is for a patent, a building permit, or a name change, shinsei suru is the linguistic bridge between a personal need and a systemic acknowledgement.

Grammatically, 申請する (shinsei suru) is a Suru-verb. It takes the direct object marker を (o) to indicate what is being applied for, and the destination or authority is usually marked with に (ni) or へ (e). Understanding the syntactic environment of this word helps in constructing natural-sounding Japanese sentences in formal settings.

The [Object] を申請する Pattern: This is the most common structure. The object is typically a noun representing a document, status, or benefit. Common objects include パスポート (passport), ビザ (visa), 許可 (permission), and 補助金 (subsidy).
The [Recipient] に申請する Pattern: When you need to specify where the application is being sent, use the particle 'ni'. Examples include 市役所に (to the city hall), 会社に (to the company), or 税務署に (to the tax office).

マイナンバーカードをオンラインで申請することができます。
(You can apply for a My Number card online.)

In more complex sentences, you might see the passive form shinsei sareru (to be applied for) or the causative form shinsei saseru (to make someone apply). For instance, in a legal context, one might say 'The permit was applied for by the contractor' (許可は請負業者によって申請された). This usage highlights the formal nature of the action, where the person performing the action is clearly defined in relation to the legal requirement.

経費の精算を申請するのを忘れないでください。
(Please don't forget to apply for the reimbursement of expenses.)

One must also be aware of the noun form, shinsei (申請). It is often paired with sho (書 - document) to create shinseisho (申請書), meaning 'application form.' Using the noun form allows for more compact sentences, such as 'Shinseisho o teishutsu suru' (to submit an application form), which is a very common phrase in administrative contexts. The verb form shinsei suru encompasses the whole act of applying, while the noun focuses on the entity of the application itself.

If you live or work in Japan, 申請する (shinsei suru) is a word you will encounter almost daily, though not in the same way you hear greeting words. It appears in specific 'official' zones of life. You will hear it at city halls (shiyakusho) when clerks explain the steps for registering your address or applying for health insurance. You will see it on government websites where procedures for subsidies or tax returns are detailed. In these contexts, the word carries the weight of authority and the promise of a structured outcome.

In the Office: Managers often say, 'Please apply for this by Friday' (金曜日までに申請してください). This isn't just a request; it's a procedural instruction. It is heard during meetings about budgets, project approvals, and human resources updates.
News and Media: News reports frequently use this word when discussing corporate bankruptcy (hasan shinsei), patent filings (tokkyo shinsei), or international treaties. It gives the report a sense of formality and factual accuracy.

その会社は裁判所に破産を申請した。
(That company applied to the court for bankruptcy.)

In educational settings, students hear shinsei suru when applying for scholarships (shogakukin) or for an extension on a thesis deadline. It is rarely used in casual conversations between friends unless they are discussing these specific official tasks. For instance, a friend might ask, 'Did you finish applying for your visa?' (ビザの申請、終わった？). Here, even in a casual setting, the word shinsei is used because the nature of the task itself is formal.

奨学金を申請する資格があるかどうか確認してください。
(Please check whether you are eligible to apply for the scholarship.)

Finally, in the digital age, you will see this word on the 'Submit' or 'Apply' buttons of official Japanese apps and websites. The button might simply say '申請' (Apply) or '申請を送信' (Send Application). This ubiquitous presence makes it a vital word for navigating life in Japan, as it represents the interface between the citizen and the administrative machine.

The most common mistake learners make with 申請する (shinsei suru) is using it for casual requests or for 'applying' to things that don't involve a formal approval process. Because the English word 'apply' is quite broad, it covers many Japanese verbs that are distinct in nuance. Using shinsei suru in the wrong context can make you sound overly stiff or simply confusing.

Confusing with 申し込む (moushikomu): This is the #1 error. You moushikomu for a credit card, a gym membership, or a date. These are commercial or social 'entries.' You shinsei suru for a visa or a government permit. If there is no 'authority' granting permission based on legal criteria, don't use shinsei.
Confusing with 頼む (tanomu): If you ask a colleague to help you with a task, that is tanomu. If you 'apply' to your boss for a formal budget increase using a document, that is shinsei suru. Using shinsei suru for a personal favor sounds like you are treating your friend like a government office.

❌ 友達に宿題を申請した。
✅ 友達に宿題を頼んだ。
(I asked my friend for the homework.)

Another mistake is forgetting the particle o. Since shinsei is a noun, you can say shinsei o suru or just shinsei suru. However, learners often omit the object entirely, saying just 'I applied.' In Japanese, it is much more natural to specify what you applied for, even if it's clear from context, or to use the noun form 'shinsei-chuu' if the process is ongoing.

❌ 大学に申請する。
✅ 大学に出願する。
(To apply to a university.)

Lastly, pay attention to the level of formality. Shinsei suru is already a formal word, but in extremely polite business Japanese, you might use shinsei itashimasu (I will apply) to show respect to your superiors. Using the plain form shinsei suru in a formal report would be grammatically correct but potentially too blunt depending on the relationship.

Japanese has several words for 'apply' or 'request,' and choosing the right one is key to sounding like a native speaker. While 申請する (shinsei suru) is for formal permission, other words cover different domains of application.

申し込む (Moushikomu): Used for subscriptions, memberships, events, or services. It is a more general 'entry' into an agreement or activity. Example: 雑誌を申し込む (to subscribe to a magazine).
応募する (Oubo suru): Specifically used for jobs, contests, or recruitment. It implies a competition where you are one of many candidates. Example: 求人に応募する (to apply for a job opening).
出願する (Shutsugan suru): Reserved almost exclusively for academic applications (universities, schools) or patent applications. It is very formal. Example: 大学に出願する (to apply to a university).

特許を出願するのと、補助金を申請するのでは手続きが違います。
(The procedures for filing a patent and applying for a subsidy are different.)

There is also teishutsu suru (to submit). While shinsei suru describes the intent and process, teishutsu suru describes the physical or digital act of handing over the documents. Often, they are used together: 'To apply, please submit the form' (申請するには、書類を提出してください). If you are focusing on the act of giving the paper, use teishutsu. If you are focusing on the goal of getting permission, use shinsei.

彼は新しいプロジェクトの予算を申請したが、却下された。
(He applied for a budget for the new project, but it was rejected.)

In some cases, seiku suru (to claim/demand) is used, specifically for insurance claims or billing. Shinsei is a request for permission or benefit, while seiku is a demand for something you are legally entitled to, like payment for work done. Understanding these subtle shifts in responsibility and authority will greatly improve your Japanese proficiency.

How Formal Is It?

Le savais-tu ?

The kanji 'Shin' (申) is also the zodiac sign for the Monkey. In ancient times, it represented a lightning bolt, which later evolved to mean 'to extend' or 'to state clearly.'

Guide de prononciation

UK ɕĩɰ̃seː sɯᵝɾɯᵝ

US ʃin-say soo-roo

Heiban (Flat) pitch accent: shin-sei-suru (all syllables roughly the same pitch, or slightly rising).

Rime avec

Kinsei (Venus) Jinsei (Life) Sensei (Teacher) Hensei (Formation) Kansei (Completion) Tansei (Sincerity) Bansei (Eternity) Gensei (Strictness)

Erreurs fréquentes

Pronouncing 'sei' as two distinct sounds (se-i) instead of a long 'e'.
Stress on the first syllable like English 'AP-ply'.
Confusing the nasal 'n' with a hard English 'n'.
Over-pronouncing the 'u' in 'suru' (it's often nearly silent).
Mixing up 'shinsei' with 'shinsei' (divine/sacred), though pitch accent usually clarifies.

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 3/5

Kanji are common but require B1 level to recognize quickly.

Écriture 4/5

Writing 'shin' and 'sei' correctly from memory can be tricky for learners.

Expression orale 2/5

Pronunciation is straightforward.

Écoute 2/5

Clear phonetic structure makes it easy to hear.

Quoi apprendre ensuite

Prérequis

申し込むお願い書類許可役所

Apprends ensuite

受理却下承認手続き証明書

Avancé

異議申し立て行政処分認可交付

Grammaire à connaître

Suru-verbs

申請する、申請します、申請した。

Particles (を and に)

会社(に)休暇(を)申請する。

Compound Nouns

申請 + 書 = 申請書。

Purpose with 'ni'

申請に行きます (Go to apply).

Nominalization with 'no'

申請するのを忘れた (Forgot to apply).

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Exemples par niveau

パスポートを申請します。

I will apply for a passport.

Direct object 'passport' + 'o' + 'shinsei shimasu'.

ここで申請してください。

Please apply here.

Locative 'koko de' + 'shinsei shite kudasai' (polite request).

ビザを申請しましたか？

Did you apply for a visa?

Past tense 'shinsei shimashita' + question particle 'ka'.

申請は無料です。

The application is free.

Noun 'shinsei' used as the subject with 'wa'.

明日、申請に行きます。

I will go to apply tomorrow.

Time 'ashita' + 'shinsei ni ikimasu' (purpose of going).

カードを申請する。

To apply for a card.

Dictionary form 'shinsei suru' used informally.

申請書をください。

Please give me the application form.

Noun 'shinseisho' (application form) + 'o kudasai'.

オンラインで申請します。

I will apply online.

Means/Method 'onrain de' + 'shinsei shimasu'.

再発行を申請する必要があります。

It is necessary to apply for a reissue.

Noun 'saihakko' + 'o' + 'shinsei suru hitsuyo ga arimasu'.

市役所で住所変更を申請した。

I applied for an address change at the city hall.

Place 'shiyakusho de' + object 'juusho henkou'.

申請の方法を教えてください。

Please tell me the method of application.

Noun phrase 'shinsei no houhou' (method of application).

彼はまだビザを申請していない。

He hasn't applied for a visa yet.

Negative continuous 'shinsei shite inai' (has not done yet).

どこで申請すればいいですか？

Where should I apply?

Question word 'doko de' + conditional 'shinseisureba ii desu ka'.

新しい免許証を申請しました。

I applied for a new driver's license.

Adjective 'atarashii' + noun 'menkyoshou'.

申請には写真が必要です。

A photo is required for the application.

Topic 'shinsei ni wa' + 'shashin ga hitsuyo desu'.

メールで申請できますか？

Can I apply by email?

Potential form 'shinsei dekimasu ka'.

給付金の申請期限は来月末です。

The deadline for applying for the subsidy is the end of next month.

Compound noun 'shinsei kigen' (application deadline).

会社に有給休暇を申請した。

I applied to the company for paid leave.

Recipient 'kaisha ni' + object 'yuukyuu kyuuka'.

許可を申請する前に書類を確認してください。

Please check the documents before applying for permission.

Clause 'shinsei suru mae ni' (before applying).

彼は経費の精算を申請するのを忘れた。

He forgot to apply for the reimbursement of expenses.

Nominalizer 'shinsei suru no' + 'o wasureta'.

補助金を申請するには条件があります。

There are conditions to apply for the subsidy.

Purpose 'shinsei suru ni wa' (in order to apply).

マイナンバーカードの申請が混み合っている。

Applications for My Number cards are crowded/congested.

Subject 'shinsei ga' + 'komiatte iru'.

オンラインで申請したほうが早いです。

It is faster to apply online.

Comparison 'shinsei shita hou ga hayai' (it's better/faster to...).

窓口で申請の手続きをしました。

I did the application procedure at the counter.

Noun 'shinsei no tetsuzuki' (application procedure).

不備があったため、申請が却下された。

The application was rejected due to deficiencies.

Reason 'fubi ga atta tame' + passive 'shinsei ga kyakka sareta'.

彼は裁判所に破産を申請することを決意した。

He decided to apply to the court for bankruptcy.

Decision 'shinsei suru koto o ketsui shita'.

新しいプロジェクトの予算を申請する準備ができた。

I am ready to apply for the budget for the new project.

Preparation 'shinsei suru junbi ga dekita'.

その団体はNPO法人の認可を申請中だ。

That organization is currently applying for NPO status approval.

Suffix 'shinsei-chuu' (currently applying/pending).

建築許可を申請したが、まだ返事が来ない。

I applied for a building permit, but I haven't received a reply yet.

Conjunction 'shinsei shita ga' (applied, but...).

電子申請システムが導入され、便利になった。

An electronic application system was introduced, making it convenient.

Compound noun 'denshi shinsei shisutemu'.

申請内容に虚偽がないことを誓約します。

I pledge that there are no falsehoods in the application contents.

Formal phrase 'shinsei naiyou' (application contents).

育児休業を申請する権利があります。

You have the right to apply for childcare leave.

Noun modifier 'shinsei suru kenri' (right to apply).

特許の申請には高度な専門知識が必要とされる。

High-level specialized knowledge is required for patent applications.

Passive 'hitsuyo to sareru' (is required).

彼は不当な解雇に対して異議を申請した。

He filed an objection against the unfair dismissal.

Object 'igi' (objection/protest).

政府は新しい補助金の申請受付を開始した。

The government has started accepting applications for the new subsidy.

Compound noun 'shinsei uketsuke' (acceptance of applications).

申請書類の不備により、審査が大幅に遅れている。

Due to deficiencies in the application documents, the screening is significantly delayed.

Cause 'fubi ni yori' (due to...).

条例に基づき、営業許可を申請しなければならない。

Based on the ordinance, one must apply for a business permit.

Formal structure 'jourei ni motozuki' (based on the ordinance).

その企業は再生法の適用を申請する方針を固めた。

The company has firmed up its policy to apply for the application of the Rehabilitation Act.

Complex object 'saiseihou no tekiyou' (application of the law).

申請者の資格要件が厳格化された。

The eligibility requirements for applicants have been tightened.

Noun 'shinseisha' (applicant) + 'shikaku youken' (eligibility requirements).

代理人を通じて申請を行うことも可能です。

It is also possible to make an application through a representative.

Method 'dairinin o tsuujite' (through a representative).

当該申請は、法の規定に抵触するため受理されなかった。

The application in question was not accepted because it conflicted with the provisions of the law.

Formal term 'tougai' (the said/concerned) and 'teishoku' (conflict/violation).

申請の受理如何にかかわらず、手数料は返還されない。

Regardless of whether the application is accepted or not, the fee will not be refunded.

Formal structure 'ikan ni kakawarazu' (regardless of).

事後申請が認められるケースは極めて限定的である。

Cases where retroactive application is permitted are extremely limited.

Noun 'jigo shinsei' (retroactive/post-facto application).

申請内容の精査には、多大な時間を要する見込みだ。

It is expected that the close examination of the application contents will require a significant amount of time.

Formal verb 'yousuru' (to require) and 'mikomi' (expectation/prospect).

虚偽の申請を行った場合、罰則が科される可能性がある。

If a false application is made, there is a possibility that penalties will be imposed.

Passive 'kasareru' (to be imposed).

申請の撤回を求める申し立てが受理された。

The petition seeking the withdrawal of the application was accepted.

Noun 'tekkai' (withdrawal) and 'moushitate' (petition/statement).

制度の形骸化を防ぐため、申請プロセスが見直された。

To prevent the system from becoming a mere formality, the application process was reviewed.

Formal term 'keigaika' (becoming a shell/losing substance).

申請権の濫用は、法秩序を乱す行為として厳しく批判された。

The abuse of the right to apply was severely criticized as an act that disturbs the legal order.

Noun 'ranyou' (abuse) and 'hichan' (criticism).

Collocations courantes

ビザを申請する

許可を申請する

補助金を申請する

有給を申請する

オンラインで申請する

期限内に申請する

再発行を申請する

破産を申請する

認可を申請する

経費を申請する

Phrases Courantes

申請書

— An application form. The physical or digital document used to apply.

申請書に記入してください。

申請中

— Currently applying or pending. Used when the process has started but isn't finished.

パスポートは今、申請中です。

申請期限

— Application deadline. The last date you can submit the request.

申請期限を過ぎてしまった。

申請者

— The applicant. The person who is making the request.

申請者の氏名を書いてください。

申請窓口

— Application counter. The specific place where you submit forms.

申請窓口は2階にあります。

電子申請

— Electronic/Online application. Applying via the internet.

電子申請の方が手数料が安いです。

事後申請

— Retroactive application. Applying after the event has already occurred.

事後申請は認められません。

一括申請

— Bulk/Batch application. Applying for multiple things at once.

家族全員分を一括申請する。

仮申請

— Provisional application. A temporary application before the final one.

まずウェブで仮申請をしてください。

再申請

— Re-application. Applying again after a rejection or expiration.

書類を直して再申請した。

Souvent confondu avec

申請する vs 申し込む

Moushikomu is for services/events; Shinsei is for official permission.

申請する vs 頼む

Tanomu is a personal favor; Shinsei is a procedural request.

申請する vs 応募する

Oubo is for jobs/contests; Shinsei is for documents/status.

Expressions idiomatiques

"破産を申請する"

— To file for bankruptcy. A very common legal expression.

その航空会社はついに破産を申請した。

Formal

"異議を申請する"

— To file an objection or protest a decision formally.

判決に対して異議を申請する。

Formal

"不服を申請する"

— To appeal a decision or express formal dissatisfaction.

審査の結果に不服を申請した。

Formal

"特許を申請する"

— To apply for a patent (though 'shutsugan' is also common).

新技術の特許を申請する。

Formal

"保護を申請する"

— To apply for protection (e.g., social welfare or asylum).

生活保護を申請する。

Formal

"認可を申請する"

— To apply for official authorization or licensing.

新薬の販売認可を申請する。

Formal

"免除を申請する"

— To apply for an exemption (e.g., from taxes or fees).

保険料の免除を申請する。

Formal

"交付を申請する"

— To apply for the issuance/granting of a document.

証明書の交付を申請する。

Formal

"登録を申請する"

— To apply for registration (e.g., trademark or vehicle).

商標の登録を申請する。

Formal

"更新を申請する"

— To apply for a renewal of a license or status.

在留期間の更新を申請する。

Formal

Facile à confondre

申請する vs 出願

Both mean 'apply'.

Shutsugan is for schools or patents; Shinsei is for general administrative requests.

大学に出願する vs ビザを申請する

申請する vs 請求

Both involve asking for something.

Seiku is a 'claim' for something you are owed (money); Shinsei is a 'request' for permission.

保険金を請求する vs 補助金を申請する

申請する vs 届出

Both involve government paperwork.

Todokede is just 'notifying' (no approval needed); Shinsei is 'applying' (approval needed).

住所変更を届け出る vs 営業許可を申請する

申請する vs 願書

Both relate to applications.

Gansho is the specific form for school admission; Shinseisho is a general application form.

願書を出す vs 申請書を書く

申請する vs 志願

Both involve desire to apply.

Shigan is more about 'volunteering' or 'aspiring' to a position/school.

その大学を志願する。

Structures de phrases

[Noun] を申請します。

パスポートを申請します。

[Place] で [Noun] を申請しました。

市役所でビザを申請しました。

[Noun] を申請するために [Place] へ行きます。

許可を申請するために警察署へ行きます。

[Noun] を申請するのを忘れました。

経費を申請するのを忘れました。

[Noun] が [Authority] によって申請された。

予算が会社によって申請された。

[Noun] を申請する権利がある。

補助金を申請する権利がある。

[Noun] に基づき、[Noun] を申請する。

法律に基づき、特許を申請する。

[Noun] の受理如何にかかわらず申請する。

許可の受理如何にかかわらず申請する。

Famille de mots

Noms

申請 (shinsei - application)

申請者 (shinseisha - applicant)

申請書 (shinseisho - application form)

申請料 (shinseiryou - application fee)

Verbes

申請する (shinsei suru - to apply)

再申請する (saishinsei suru - to reapply)

Apparenté

手続き (tetsuzuki - procedure)

許可 (kyoka - permission)

承認 (shounin - approval)

受理 (juri - acceptance)

却下 (kyakka - rejection)

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Comment l'utiliser

frequency

Very high in official and professional settings; low in casual social settings.

Erreurs courantes

Using it for job applications. → 求人に応募する。
'Shinsei' is for permissions, 'Oubo' is for jobs.
Using it for a gym membership. → ジムに申し込む。
'Moushikomu' is for services/subscriptions.
Using it for a casual favor. → 友達に頼む。
'Shinsei' is too formal for friends.
Saying 'Shinsei o moushikomu'. → 申請する or 申し込みをする。
These are two different types of applying; don't mix them.
Forgetting the 'suru' in the verb form. → ビザを申請する。
'Shinsei' alone is just the noun 'application'.

Astuces

Particle Choice

Always use 'o' for the item and 'ni' for the destination. This is the most stable pattern for this verb.

The 'Sho' Suffix

Remember that 'shinseisho' is the form itself. You 'kaku' (write) or 'teishutsu' (submit) the 'shinseisho'.

Deadlines Matter

In Japan, 'shinsei' deadlines are very strict. Use 'kigen' (deadline) with 'shinsei' to stay on top of things.

At the Counter

Say 'Shinsei ni kimashita' (I came to apply) to immediately tell the clerk your purpose.

Digital Context

On websites, look for the '申請' button. It's usually in a prominent place.

Permission vs. Service

If someone can say 'No' based on rules, use 'shinsei'. If it's a first-come-first-served service, use 'moushikomu'.

Common Pairs

Listen for 'shinsei' paired with 'tetsuzuki' (procedure) or 'shorui' (documents).

Paid Leave

In a Japanese company, you 'shinsei' for 'yuukyuu' (paid leave). It's a standard HR term.

Bankruptcy

'Hasan shinsei' is the fixed term for filing for bankruptcy in news and law.

Kanji Meaning

The kanji 'Shin' (申) implies speaking to someone higher, which is why it's used for authorities.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Think of 'Shin' as 'Showing' a form and 'Sei' as 'Seeking' a signature. Shin-Sei = Showing & Seeking.

Association visuelle

Imagine a person standing at a 'Shin' (Thin) counter at the city hall, 'Saying' (Sei) they need a visa.

Word Web

Visa Passport Form Government Permission Approval Deadline Official

Défi

Try to find three things in your life you need 'permission' for and say them using '...o shinsei suru'.

Origine du mot

Derived from Middle Chinese roots. 'Shin' (申) means to report or state humbly to a superior. 'Sei' (請) means to request or ask for something.

Sens originel : To humbly report a request to an authority figure.

Sino-Japanese (Kango).

Contexte culturel

Be careful when using this with friends; it can sound like you are being cold or treating them like a clerk.

In English, 'apply' is used for jobs, schools, and visas. In Japanese, 'shinsei' is only for the visa-like formal requests.

Government portals like 'e-Gov' (denshi shinsei). The 'My Number' card application campaigns. News stories about 'Hasan Shinsei' (Bankruptcy) of major firms like Japan Airlines.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Immigration

在留資格の変更を申請する
ビザの更新を申請する
永住権を申請する
再入国許可を申請する

Workplace

残業代を申請する
出張費を申請する
育休を申請する
住所変更を申請する

City Hall

住民票を申請する
健康保険を申請する
児童手当を申請する
減免を申請する

Legal/Business

破産を申請する
特許を申請する
商標を申請する
営業許可を申請する

Online Services

マイナポイントを申請する
アカウントの削除を申請する
返金を申請する
再発行を申請する

Amorces de conversation

"ビザの更新、もう申請しましたか？ (Have you applied for your visa renewal yet?)"

"有給休暇を申請したいのですが、どうすればいいですか？ (I want to apply for paid leave, what should I do?)"

"マイナンバーカードはもう申請しました？ (Did you already apply for the My Number card?)"

"補助金の申請手続き、難しそうですね。 (The subsidy application procedure looks difficult, doesn't it?)"

"新しいプロジェクトの予算、申請してみたら？ (Why don't you try applying for a budget for the new project?)"

Sujets d'écriture

最近、何かを申請したことがありますか？その時の経験を書いてください。 (Have you applied for anything recently? Write about that experience.)

日本の役所での申請手続きについて、どう思いますか？ (What do you think about application procedures at Japanese government offices?)

もし100万円の補助金を申請できるなら、何に使いたいですか？ (If you could apply for a 1 million yen subsidy, what would you want to use it for?)

オンライン申請と窓口での申請、どちらが好きですか？その理由も。 (Which do you prefer, online application or at the counter? Why?)

仕事で有給を申請する時、緊張しますか？ (Do you feel nervous when applying for paid leave at work?)

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

No, you should use 'oubo suru' for job applications. 'Shinsei suru' is for official permissions or documents.

It is a neutral-to-formal verb. In very formal situations, use 'shinsei itashimasu'.

It is the noun 'shinsei' plus 'sho' (document), meaning an application form.

No, that would sound very strange and robotic. Use 'sasou' (invite) or 'moushikomu' (if you are being very formal/joking).

Use 'ni' or 'e'. For example, 'Kaisha ni shinsei suru'.

Use 'shinsei-chuu' (申請中). Example: 'Biza wa shinsei-chuu desu'.

Yes, though 'shutsugan' is more common in legal contexts for patents.

'Shinsei' is for government/authority permission. 'Moushikomu' is for commercial services or events.

Yes, usually in sci-fi or school settings when characters need official permission for something.

Use 'saishinsei suru' (再申請する).

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