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A2 adjective 6 min de lecture

탁하다

takada
Exemples Notes et astuces 탁하다 en 30 secondes
Explication 탁하다 in your Level:
At the A1 level, you can think of '탁하다' as the opposite of '맑다' (clear). We use it to talk about water that is not clean or air that feels bad. For example, if you see a river with a lot of dirt in it, you can say '물이 탁해요.' If you are in a small room with many people and no windows open, and the air feels 'old,' you can say '공기가 탁해요.' It is a simple way to describe things that are not clear or fresh. Focus on using it for water and air first.
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At the A2 level, you start using '탁하다' in more daily situations. You might use it to describe the weather when there is fine dust (미세먼지). You can also use it to describe a person's voice. If your teacher has a cold and their voice sounds raspy or thick, you can say '목소리가 탁해요.' You will also see this word in basic health contexts, like describing why you need to open a window for ventilation (환기). It's an adjective, so it usually comes at the end of the sentence or before a noun as '탁한'.
At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using '탁하다' for both physical and slightly more abstract descriptions. You can use it to describe colors in a painting that look 'muddy' or 'dirty' because they were mixed too much. You can also use it to describe the 'atmosphere' of a place. For example, if a meeting is very serious and uncomfortable, the atmosphere might feel '탁하다.' You should also understand the difference between '탁하다' (murky/impure) and '더럽다' (dirty/filthy).
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At the B2 level, '탁하다' is used in more professional and social discussions. You might hear it in news reports about environmental issues, such as the 'turbidity' of a river system. You can also use it to describe human characteristics. A person with '탁한 눈빛' (murky eyes) might be seen as untrustworthy or exhausted. It is often used in health and wellness topics to describe 'thick blood' (탁한 피) and the importance of diet. You should be able to use it in complex sentences with various endings like -아/어지다 (to become) or -게 하다 (to make).
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At the C1 level, you will encounter '탁하다' in literature and high-level social commentary. It can describe a 'corrupt society' (탁한 사회) or a 'spiritually impure state.' It is used to create sensory imagery in writing—describing the 'thick, heavy air of a pre-war city' or the 'viscous, unrefined texture of a folk singer's voice.' You should understand its nuances in contrast with words like '흐릿하다,' '자욱하다,' and '매캐하다.' You can use it to discuss the aesthetic quality of traditional Korean inks or the clarity of philosophical thought.
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At the C2 level, you master the metaphorical and philosophical depths of '탁하다.' It is used to critique the lack of transparency in political systems or the 'muddying' of truth through misinformation. You can analyze how the word functions in 'Pansori' (traditional Korean singing) to describe the 'takh-seong' voice, which is a highly technical and valued raspy vocal quality. You understand its etymological roots and its role in traditional Korean medicine (Saju or Hanbang) regarding the balance of 'clear' and 'cloudy' energies within the body.
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Exemples Notes et astuces

탁하다 en 30 secondes

  • Describes lack of clarity in water, air, or voice.
  • Opposite of 맑다 (clear/clean).
  • Commonly used for fine dust (smog) and hoarseness.
  • Can metaphorically describe a corrupt society or mind.
The Korean adjective 탁하다 (takhada) is a versatile word primarily used to describe a lack of clarity, transparency, or purity in various physical and abstract states. At its core, it refers to something that is murky, cloudy, or turbid. Imagine a glass of water after someone has stirred in a spoonful of dirt; that water is no longer clear (맑다) but has become 탁하다. This physical description extends to the very air we breathe. In modern Korea, where fine dust (미세먼지) is a significant environmental concern, you will frequently hear people describe the atmosphere as 탁하다 when the sky looks gray and the air feels heavy or difficult to breathe.
Physical State
Used for liquids like muddy rivers or cloudy broth, and for gases like smoke-filled rooms or polluted city air.
Beyond the physical, 탁하다 is the standard way to describe a voice that is not clear or melodious. If someone has a hoarse, raspy, or husky voice due to a cold or excessive shouting, their voice is characterized as 탁하다.

비가 온 뒤에 강물이 매우 탁하다.

This sentence illustrates the most common usage: describing a river that has become muddy after a heavy rain. In social contexts, it can describe an atmosphere that feels 'stuffy' or 'oppressive,' such as a room full of people where the air hasn't been circulated, or even a metaphorical 'dark' or 'impure' intention in someone's eyes.
Acoustic Quality
Describes a husky, thick, or unrefined sound, often used for singers with a 'soulful' but raspy tone.

담배를 많이 피우면 목소리가 탁해진다.

Visual Metaphor
Used in art to describe colors that are muted, muddy, or lack vibrancy, often created by mixing too many pigments.

공기가 탁해서 기침이 나요.

술을 마신 다음 날은 눈빛이 탁하다.

Using 탁하다 correctly requires understanding its conjugation as a descriptive verb (adjective). In its base form, it is 탁하다. When used to modify a noun directly, it becomes 탁한 (e.g., 탁한 물 - muddy water). In polite conversation, it becomes 탁해요, and in formal settings, 탁합니다. Because it describes a state, it is often paired with particles like 이/가 for the subject that is murky.
Environmental Context
When talking about pollution or bad air quality, you might say, '오늘 미세먼지 때문에 공기가 너무 탁해요' (The air is very murky today because of fine dust).

실내 공기가 탁하니 환기를 시키자.

This uses the connective ending -니 to provide a reason: 'Since the indoor air is stuffy, let's ventilate.' This is a very common daily life sentence.
Physical Health
In traditional or general medical contexts, people might say '피가 탁하다' (the blood is thick/impure), referring to poor circulation or high cholesterol.

그의 목소리는 굵고 탁했다.

Here, the past tense 탁했다 is used to describe a character in a story, giving them a rugged or tired image.
Artistic Usage
When painting, if you mix too many colors, the result is '탁한 색' (a muddy color).

색을 너무 많이 섞으면 탁해져요.

어항 물이 탁해져서 청소를 해야겠어요.

You will encounter 탁하다 in several distinct environments in Korea. The most frequent is the daily weather report. Meteorologists and news anchors often describe the air quality using this term. If the concentration of fine dust or yellow dust (황사) is high, they will warn that '공기가 매우 탁하겠습니다' (the air will be very murky/polluted).
In the News
Reporters use it to describe environmental degradation in rivers or the atmosphere during industrial accidents.

오늘 수도권의 대기 질이 매우 탁합니다.

Another common place is at the doctor's office or a health clinic. In Korea, there is a cultural emphasis on 'clean blood' (맑은 피). Doctors or health consultants might tell a patient their blood is 탁하다 if they have high lipids or a poor diet.

기름진 음식을 많이 먹으면 피가 탁해집니다.

Music and Arts
In singing competitions like 'King of Mask Singer,' judges often describe a contestant's voice as '탁성' (takh-seong), which means a husky or 'muddy' voice type that has a unique charm.

가수의 목소리가 매력적으로 탁하네요.

술집 안의 공기가 담배 연기로 탁했다.

오랜 가뭄 끝에 호수 물이 탁해졌다.

One of the biggest mistakes learners make is confusing 탁하다 with 더럽다 (dirty). While a muddy river is both dirty and murky, the words are not interchangeable. 더럽다 refers to the presence of filth, trash, or unwanted substances on a surface. 탁하다 refers to the internal clarity of a substance like water, air, or even a voice. You wouldn't say your shirt is 탁하다 if it has a coffee stain; you would say it is 더럽다.
Confusion with '흐리다'
흐리다 (heurida) means 'cloudy' or 'blurry.' While both can describe a sky, 흐리다 is about clouds blocking the sun, whereas 탁하다 is about dust or pollution in the air itself.

Wrong: 방이 탁해서 청소기를 돌렸어요. (Incorrect if referring to dust on the floor)

Correct: 방 공기가 탁해서 창문을 열었어요. (Correct because it refers to air quality)

Acoustic Confusion
Don't confuse 탁하다 with 낮다 (low). A voice can be high-pitched but still 탁하다 (husky/raspy).

그녀는 목소리가 탁하지만 노래를 잘해요.

안개 때문에 시야가 탁하다. (Actually, '뿌옇다' is more natural for fog, but 탁하다 can be used if the fog feels 'dirty' or thick with smog).

Understanding synonyms helps you choose the right word for the right nuance. While 탁하다 is the general word for murkiness, other words offer more specific descriptions.
흐리다 (Heurida)
Focuses on lack of clarity or being 'cloudy.' Used for the sky, vision, or water. It's more neutral than 탁하다.
뿌옇다 (Ppuyeota)
Specifically means 'milky-white' or 'hazy.' Used for thick fog, steam, or dust clouds where everything looks white and blurry.

창밖이 안개로 뿌옇다.

어둡다 (Eodupda)
Means 'dark.' If a room is 탁하다, it might feel dark, but 어둡다 specifically refers to the lack of light, not the quality of the air.
텁텁하다 (Teopteophada)
Used for a 'thick' or 'unrefreshing' feeling in the mouth (after eating something dry) or sometimes for very stuffy air.

입안이 텁텁해서 물을 마셨어요.

걸쭉하다 (Geoljjukhada)
Used for thick, viscous liquids like a hearty stew or thick mud. Unlike 탁하다, this can be a positive description of food.

공기가 매캐하다. (This means the air is acrid or pungent, usually from smoke, which is a specific type of 탁하다).

정신이 몽롱하다. (Used when your mind feels 'cloudy' or dazed, similar to the metaphorical use of 탁하다).

How Formal Is It?

Le savais-tu ?

The word 'Makgeolli' (Korean rice wine) is sometimes called 'Takju' (탁주), literally meaning 'murky alcohol' because of its opaque appearance.

Guide de prononciation

UK tʰak.ɦa.da
US tʰak.ɦa.da
The stress is generally even, but the first syllable '탁' carries more weight due to the aspirated consonant.
Rime avec
착하다 (chakhada - to be good) 막하다 (makhada - to be blocked) 박하다 (bakhada - to be stingy) 약하다 (yakhada - to be weak) 딱하다 (ttakhada - to be pitiful) 각하다 (gakhada) 낙하다 (nakhada) 적하다 (jeokhada)
Erreurs fréquentes
  • Pronouncing it like 'tak-ada' without the aspiration.
  • Ignoring the 'h' sound entirely.

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 2/5

Common in news and books, easy to recognize.

Écriture 3/5

Requires understanding of the -한 modification form.

Expression orale 2/5

Useful for daily complaints about air or health.

Écoute 2/5

Frequently heard in weather reports.

Quoi apprendre ensuite

Prérequis

맑다 더럽다 물 공기 목소리

Apprends ensuite

흐리다 뿌옇다 환기하다 오염 미세먼지

Avancé

탁도 명징하다 정화하다 선명하다 불투명

Grammaire à connaître

Adjective to Noun Modification (-ㄴ/은)

탁한 공기 (Murky air)

Becoming State (-아/어지다)

물이 탁해지다 (Water becomes murky)

Reason/Cause (-아/어서)

공기가 탁해서 창문을 열었어요.

Discovery Ending (-네요)

목소리가 참 탁하네요.

Conditional (-(으)면)

물이 탁하면 수영하지 마세요.

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Exemples par niveau

1

물이 탁해요.

The water is muddy.

Present tense polite form.

2

공기가 탁해요.

The air is stuffy.

Subject + Adjective.

3

탁한 물을 마시지 마세요.

Don't drink muddy water.

Noun modifying form (탁한).

4

강물이 왜 탁해요?

Why is the river water muddy?

Question form.

5

여기는 공기가 조금 탁하네요.

The air is a bit stuffy here.

-네요 ending for observation.

6

탁한 공기는 건강에 나빠요.

Stuffy air is bad for health.

General statement.

7

바닷물이 탁하지 않아요.

The sea water is not muddy.

Negative form -지 않다.

8

비가 와서 물이 탁해졌어요.

The water became muddy because it rained.

-아/어지다 (to become).

1

오늘 미세먼지 때문에 공기가 탁합니다.

The air is murky today because of fine dust.

Formal polite form.

2

감기에 걸려서 목소리가 탁해요.

My voice is hoarse because I have a cold.

Reason -아/어서.

3

실내 공기가 탁하니 환기를 시킵시다.

Since the indoor air is stuffy, let's ventilate.

Reason -니 + Suggestion -읍시다.

4

어항 물이 너무 탁해서 청소를 했어요.

The fish tank water was so murky that I cleaned it.

Past tense.

5

탁한 목소리로 노래를 불렀어요.

He sang with a husky voice.

Adverbial use with -로.

6

이 강은 예전보다 물이 탁해졌어요.

This river's water has become murkier than before.

Comparative -보다.

7

공기가 탁하면 창문을 여세요.

If the air is stuffy, open the window.

Conditional -(으)면.

8

탁한 색깔의 옷을 입었어요.

I wore muddy-colored clothes.

Noun modification.

1

담배 연기 때문에 술집 공기가 매우 탁했다.

The air in the bar was very thick with cigarette smoke.

Plain past tense.

2

그 가수는 탁한 목소리가 매력적이에요.

That singer's husky voice is charming.

Subject with -가.

3

피가 탁해지지 않게 채소를 많이 드세요.

Eat plenty of vegetables so your blood doesn't become 'thick'.

-지 않게 (so that... not).

4

색을 너무 많이 섞으면 그림이 탁해질 수 있어요.

If you mix too many colors, the painting can become muddy.

-을 수 있다 (can/possibility).

5

공기가 탁한 곳에서는 마스크를 쓰세요.

Wear a mask in places where the air is murky.

Relative clause.

6

그의 눈빛은 무언가 숨기는 듯 탁해 보였다.

His eyes looked murky, as if he were hiding something.

-아/어 보이다 (looks like).

7

명상을 하면 탁했던 정신이 맑아집니다.

If you meditate, your once-cloudy mind becomes clear.

Contrast between 탁하다 and 맑아지다.

8

기름진 음식을 자주 먹으면 혈액이 탁해집니다.

If you frequently eat greasy food, your blood becomes 'impure'.

Technical term '혈액' (blood).

1

도시의 탁한 공기를 벗어나 숲으로 떠났다.

I left the murky air of the city and went to the forest.

Object phrase.

2

이 술은 발효가 덜 되어서 색이 탁하다.

This alcohol is murky in color because it hasn't fermented enough.

Reason -어서.

3

탁한 환경에서 일하는 것은 폐 건강에 해롭다.

Working in a murky environment is harmful to lung health.

Gerund phrase -는 것.

4

그의 목소리는 세월의 흔적을 담은 듯 탁했다.

His voice was husky as if it contained the traces of time.

Metaphorical expression.

5

물이 탁해서 바닥이 전혀 보이지 않는다.

The water is so murky that the bottom is not visible at all.

Negative emphasis '전혀'.

6

정치적 갈등으로 인해 사회 분위기가 탁해졌다.

The social atmosphere has become murky due to political conflict.

-로 인해 (due to).

7

탁한 물에서도 연꽃은 아름답게 피어난다.

Even in muddy water, the lotus flower blooms beautifully.

Concessive -아/어도.

8

그는 탁한 목소리를 가다듬고 다시 말을 시작했다.

He cleared his husky voice and started speaking again.

Sequential action.

1

부패한 권력자들의 탁한 욕망이 나라를 망쳤다.

The murky desires of corrupt officials ruined the country.

Abstract noun modification.

2

작가는 현대인의 탁한 내면을 심도 있게 묘사했다.

The author deeply depicted the murky inner selves of modern people.

Adverbial '심도 있게'.

3

판소리에서 탁성은 오히려 깊은 한을 표현하는 도구다.

In Pansori, a husky voice is actually a tool for expressing deep sorrow.

Specific cultural term '탁성'.

4

오염된 강물은 탁하다 못해 검은색에 가까웠다.

The polluted river water was beyond murky, almost black.

-다 못해 (beyond/excessively).

5

그의 영혼이 탁해진 것은 돈에 대한 집착 때문이었다.

His soul became murky because of his obsession with money.

Causality -때문이다.

6

공기가 탁해질수록 사람들의 짜증도 늘어갔다.

As the air grew murkier, people's irritability also increased.

-을수록 (the more... the more).

7

안개와 매연이 뒤섞여 시야가 탁하기 그지없었다.

Mist and soot mixed together, making the visibility extremely murky.

-기 그지없다 (extremely).

8

탁한 세상 속에서도 맑은 정신을 유지하기란 쉽지 않다.

It is not easy to maintain a clear mind in a murky world.

-기란 (as for doing...).

1

본질을 흐리는 탁한 논쟁은 이제 그만두어야 한다.

We must stop the murky arguments that cloud the essence.

Metaphorical '탁한 논쟁'.

2

성찰 없는 삶은 영혼의 거울을 탁하게 만든다.

A life without reflection makes the mirror of the soul murky.

Philosophical metaphor.

3

수질의 탁도가 기준치를 초과하여 비상사태가 선포되었다.

An emergency was declared as the turbidity of the water exceeded the standard.

Technical term '탁도' (turbidity).

4

그의 문체는 탁하지 않고 명징하여 읽기 편하다.

His writing style is not murky but lucid, so it is easy to read.

Contrast with '명징하다' (lucid).

5

시대의 탁류 속에서 지조를 지키는 선비의 모습.

The image of a scholar maintaining integrity amidst the muddy currents of the era.

Literary term '탁류' (muddy stream/current).

6

인간의 욕심이 투명했던 바다를 탁하게 오염시켰다.

Human greed polluted the once transparent sea, making it murky.

Resultative construction.

7

탁한 공기층이 열을 가두어 지구 온난화를 가속한다.

The murky atmospheric layer traps heat and accelerates global warming.

Scientific description.

8

그는 탁한 현실을 비판하는 날카로운 시를 썼다.

He wrote sharp poetry criticizing the murky reality.

Social commentary.

Collocations courantes

공기가 탁하다
물이 탁하다
목소리가 탁하다
눈빛이 탁하다
피가 탁하다
색이 탁하다
정신이 탁하다
분위기가 탁하다
사회가 탁하다
시야가 탁하다

Phrases Courantes

탁한 공기

— Stuffy or polluted air.

탁한 공기 속에서 숨쉬기 힘들다.

탁한 목소리

— A husky or raspy voice.

탁한 목소리로 노래를 불렀다.

탁한 물

— Murky or muddy water.

탁한 물에는 물고기가 살기 힘들다.

탁한 혈액

— Thick or impure blood.

탁한 혈액은 만병의 근원이다.

탁한 세상

— A corrupt or complicated world.

탁한 세상에서 맑게 살기란 어렵다.

눈이 탁해지다

— To lose clarity in the eyes (tired or aging).

나이가 드니 눈이 탁해졌다.

색이 탁해지다

— For colors to become muddy.

붓을 안 씻으면 색이 탁해진다.

탁한 기운

— A murky or negative energy.

그 방에는 탁한 기운이 감돌았다.

물물이 탁하다

— Everything is messy/impure (rare).

세상 물물이 다 탁하다.

탁한 소리

— A dull or unclear sound.

악기가 낡아서 탁한 소리가 난다.

Expressions idiomatiques

"탁한 물에 고기 안 논다"

— Fish don't play in murky water. People avoid corrupt environments.

탁한 물에 고기 안 논다더니 그 회사는 인재가 없네.

Proverb
"눈이 탁해지면 끝이다"

— If your eyes get murky, it's over. Losing one's pure intent or health.

사람이 눈이 탁해지면 끝인 법이야.

Informal
"탁류에 휩쓸리다"

— To be swept away by a muddy current. To be caught in a corrupt trend.

그도 결국 시대의 탁류에 휩쓸리고 말았다.

Literary
"맑은 물에 탁한 발 씻기"

— Washing dirty feet in clear water. Ruining something pure.

그의 행동은 맑은 물에 탁한 발 씻기나 다름없다.

Metaphorical
"탁한 피를 맑게 하다"

— To purify 'thick' blood through diet or exercise.

양파는 탁한 피를 맑게 하는 데 좋다.

Health
"공기가 탁해지다"

— The atmosphere becomes tense or awkward.

그의 실언으로 공기가 순식간에 탁해졌다.

Social
"탁한 소리를 내다"

— To make a dull, unconvincing sound or argument.

그는 자꾸만 탁한 소리를 늘어놓았다.

Figurative
"정신이 탁하다"

— To have a clouded judgment.

술에 취해 정신이 탁했다.

Common
"탁한 색을 띠다"

— To take on a murky color/nuance.

하늘이 탁한 색을 띠기 시작했다.

Descriptive
"탁한 물을 정화하다"

— To purify murky water or a corrupt situation.

우리는 탁한 사회를 정화할 의무가 있다.

Formal

Famille de mots

Noms

탁도 (Turbidity)
탁성 (Husky voice)
탁류 (Muddy stream)
탁기 (Impure air)

Verbes

탁해지다 (To become murky)
탁하게 하다 (To make murky)

Adjectifs

탁하다 (To be murky)

Apparenté

맑다 (Clear)
흐리다 (Cloudy)
오염 (Pollution)
환기 (Ventilation)
미세먼지 (Fine dust)
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Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Think of 'TAK' as the sound of a 'THICK' cloud of dust hitting a window. When things are 'TAK', they are thick and murky.

Association visuelle

Imagine a glass of water with a spoonful of cocoa powder stirred in. It's not clear anymore; it's '탁하다'.

Word Web

Water Air Voice Dust Pollution Husky Murky Impure

Défi

Try to describe the air quality in your city today using '탁하다' or '맑다'. Write three sentences about it.

Origine du mot

Derived from the Hanja '濁' (takh), which means 'muddy' or 'impure.' It is a Sino-Korean root combined with the Korean native verbalizing suffix '-하다.'

Sens originel : Murky or dirty water (of a river).

Sino-Korean

Contexte culturel

Calling someone's voice '탁하다' can be a compliment in music but an insult if you mean they sound sick or old.

In English, we use different words: 'muddy' for water, 'stuffy' for air, and 'husky' for a voice. In Korean, '탁하다' covers all three.

The term 'Takju' for Makgeolli. Pansori vocal techniques (Takh-seong). News reports on 'Mise-meonji' (Fine dust).

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Weather/Environment

  • 미세먼지 농도가 높아서 공기가 탁해요.
  • 황사 때문에 시야가 탁합니다.

Health/Body

  • 감기 때문에 목소리가 탁해졌어요.
  • 혈액이 탁하면 성인병에 걸리기 쉬워요.

Nature/Liquids

  • 비가 온 뒤라 계곡물이 탁해요.
  • 어항 물이 탁해서 갈아줘야겠어요.

Arts/Colors

  • 색을 너무 섞어서 탁해졌어요.
  • 탁한 톤의 그림이네요.

Social/Mental

  • 실내 분위기가 너무 탁해요.
  • 정신이 탁해서 집중이 안 돼요.

Amorces de conversation

"오늘 공기가 너무 탁하지 않아요?"

"목소리가 왜 그렇게 탁해요? 감기 걸렸어요?"

"이 강물은 왜 이렇게 탁할까요?"

"방 안 공기가 탁한데 창문 좀 열까요?"

"그 가수의 탁한 목소리 어떻게 생각하세요?"

Sujets d'écriture

오늘의 공기 질에 대해 '탁하다'를 사용하여 써 보세요.

내가 좋아하는 가수의 목소리가 '탁한' 편인가요?

물이 '탁한' 곳을 본 적이 있나요? 그때의 기분은 어땠나요?

'탁한 세상'에서 맑게 사는 방법은 무엇일까요?

그림을 그리다가 색이 '탁해졌던' 경험이 있나요?

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