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A2 noun 8 min de lecture

제적

jejeok
Exemples 제적 en 30 secondes
Explication 제적 in your Level:
The word '제적' (je-jeok) is a noun that means being removed from a school's list of students. In simple terms, it is like being told you cannot come to school anymore because of a rule. At the A1 level, you don't need to use this word often, but you might see it in a story or a movie about students. It is made of two parts: '제' (remove) and '적' (list). So, it literally means 'removing from the list.' If a student does not pay for school or does not go to class for a long time, the school might '제적' them. It is more formal than just saying 'quitting school.' You usually see it with '되다' (to be) to say '제적되다' (to be expelled). For example, 'He was expelled' is '그는 제적되었다.' Even though it is a difficult word, remember it as the 'official way' to say someone is no longer a student because the school decided so. It is a very serious word, so it's not used for small mistakes. In Korea, being a student is very important, so this word is a bit sad or scary for many people. You might hear it in a university office or see it on a website about school rules. Just remember: 제적 = school says you are not a student anymore.
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At the A2 level, you should understand that '제적' is an administrative term for 'expulsion' or 'removal from the registry.' It is different from '자퇴' (quitting school by choice). '제적' happens because the school decides to remove you, usually because you broke a rule or didn't follow a procedure like paying tuition. A common sentence you might see is '등록금을 안 내면 제적돼요' (If you don't pay tuition, you will be expelled). Notice the use of '되다' to make it passive. You should also be aware that this word is mostly used for universities. In high school, people usually say '퇴학.' When you are at an A2 level, you might encounter this word when reading about university life in Korea. It’s important to know because it affects a person's future. For international students in Korea, '제적' is a very important word because if it happens, their visa might be cancelled. So, if you hear a teacher say '제적,' it is a very serious warning. It is a noun, but it is almost always used as '제적되다' (to be expelled) or '제적시키다' (to expel someone). Try to remember the difference between '제적' and '졸업' (graduation). Graduation is the good way to leave school, and '제적' is the bad or administrative way to leave school.
As a B1 learner, you can start to distinguish between the various reasons for '제적' and use the word in more complex sentences. '제적' is the official removal of a student's name from the '학적부' (school register). There are several types: '학사제적' (expulsion due to poor grades), '미등록제적' (expulsion due to failure to pay tuition), and '징계제적' (expulsion as a punishment). This word is very common in university academic regulations. You should be able to understand phrases like '제적 위기' (the crisis of expulsion) or '제적 처분' (the measure of expulsion). Unlike the more general '퇴학,' '제적' has a strong nuance of administrative 'deletion.' For example, if a student takes too many years off and doesn't return, they are '제적'ed. In a conversation, you might hear, '그는 학사 경고를 세 번 받아서 제적당했어' (He was expelled because he got three academic warnings). Here, '당하다' is used to emphasize that something bad happened to him. You should also know the related word '재입학' (re-admission), which is the process of coming back to school after being '제적'ed. Understanding these terms is essential for anyone planning to study at a Korean university, as they form the framework of your legal status as a student.
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At the B2 level, you should be comfortable with the formal and legal implications of '제적.' This word is not just about leaving school; it is about the termination of a legal contract between the student and the institution. In professional or academic Korean, '제적' is used to describe the status of someone who has lost their '학적' (student status). You should be able to use it in the context of '제적 등본' (a certificate of removal from the register), which is often required for administrative purposes. You should also understand the nuance between '제적' and '제명.' While '제적' is for schools, '제명' is used for being expelled from a political party, a professional organization, or a club. Another important point for B2 learners is the grammatical flexibility: '제적 처리하다' (to process an expulsion) or '제적을 면하다' (to avoid expulsion). You might encounter this word in news articles discussing '유령 학생' (ghost students) who are kept on the books to get government funding, and the subsequent '제적' orders from the Ministry of Education. It is a word that carries a sense of finality and authority. When discussing social issues in Korea, such as the pressure of the education system, '제적' often comes up as the ultimate failure that students fear. Being able to discuss the causes and consequences of '제적' using appropriate vocabulary like '누적' (accumulation) and '위반' (violation) is a mark of a B2 speaker.
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For C1 learners, '제적' should be understood within the broader context of Korean administrative law and institutional history. The term '제적' (除籍) literally means 'removing from the registry,' and historically, it was also used for '제적등본' (the removed family register), which was part of the old '호주제' (Hojuje) family head system. Although that specific system has changed, the word '제적' remains the standard term for removing a name from any official list. In an academic setting, a C1 learner should understand the nuances of '자동 제적' (automatic expulsion) versus '징계 제적' (disciplinary expulsion). You should be able to analyze the legal ramifications of a '제적' decision, such as the right to appeal or the '제적 처분 취소 소송' (a lawsuit to cancel an expulsion order). In literature or high-level journalism, '제적' might be used metaphorically to describe someone being cast out of a social class or a professional circle, though '매장' (social burial) or '배척' (exclusion) are more common for those nuances. A C1 speaker should also be aware of the historical context where students were '제적'ed for political activism during Korea's democratization movement, and how many of them were later '명예 회복' (restored to honor) and given '명예 졸업장' (honorary diplomas). This level of understanding connects the vocabulary word to the social and historical fabric of Korea.
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At the C2 level, '제적' is a word you not only know but can use with absolute precision across various domains. You understand that while its primary contemporary use is academic, its roots lie in the meticulous record-keeping traditions of East Asian bureaucracy. You can distinguish between the '제적' of a student and the '제적' of a vessel from a shipping register, or the '제적' of a soldier from military service records. You are capable of drafting formal academic appeals or legal documents where '제적' is the central theme, using sophisticated collocations like '제적의 부당성을 주장하다' (to argue the unfairness of an expulsion) or '제적 절차상의 하자' (a flaw in the expulsion procedure). You can engage in deep philosophical or sociological debates about whether '제적' as a system of academic control is effective or merely a tool for institutional gatekeeping. Furthermore, a C2 speaker recognizes the emotional and social 'stigma' attached to the word in Korean society—the way it can haunt a person's '이력서' (resume) for years. You can navigate the subtle linguistic shifts between '제적,' '퇴학,' '제명,' and '출교' (the most severe form of expulsion in some universities where even re-admission is blocked). Your mastery of '제적' reflects a total integration of Korean administrative language, cultural values, and historical context.
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Exemples

제적 en 30 secondes

  • 제적 means being officially removed from the school register, usually involuntarily.
  • It is a formal administrative term used primarily in universities and official documents.
  • Common reasons include failing grades, non-payment of tuition, or disciplinary issues.
  • It differs from '자퇴' (voluntary quitting) and '퇴학' (disciplinary expulsion in high school).

The Korean word 제적 (除籍) is a formal administrative term primarily used in educational and official contexts. At its core, it refers to the act of removing someone's name from a register or an official roll. In a school setting, this translates specifically to 'expulsion' or 'removal from the school registry.' Unlike voluntary withdrawal, which is initiated by the student, 제적 is typically an action taken by the institution against the student due to specific failures or violations of policy. It is a heavy word, carrying significant weight in a society that values education as much as Korea does.

Etymological Breakdown
The first character 제 (除) means 'to remove' or 'to eliminate,' and the second character 적 (籍) means 'register' or 'record.' Together, they literally mean 'removing from the record.'
Administrative Nuance
In Korean universities, 제적 isn't always about bad behavior. It often happens due to '미등록' (failure to register for classes) or '학사경고' (academic probation) exceeding the allowed limit. It is the finality of the student's status being terminated.

그는 등록금을 내지 않아 결국 학교에서 제적되었다.

Translation: He was eventually expelled from school because he did not pay his tuition.

You will encounter this word most frequently in university regulations, news reports regarding academic scandals, or formal discussions about a student's status. It is rarely used in casual conversation unless discussing official matters. For example, if a student stops attending classes without taking a formal leave of absence (휴학), the school will eventually process a 제적. It serves as a warning in academic handbooks: 'Failure to comply with these rules will result in 제적.'

학사 경고가 누적되면 제적 처리가 될 수 있으니 주의하세요.

Translation: Please be careful, as you may be processed for expulsion if your academic warnings accumulate.

Understanding 제적 is crucial for anyone navigating the Korean educational system. It is not just a word for being 'kicked out'; it is a legal status change. Once a student is 제적, they lose their student identity, access to facilities, and their visa status if they are an international student. The severity of this word cannot be overstated in a professional or academic context. It is the ultimate 'delete' key for a student's current academic career path.

To use 제적 effectively, you must understand its common verbal forms. Since 제적 is a noun, it is most often paired with the verbs 되다 (to become/to be) or 시키다 (to make/to order). When a student is the subject who receives the action, we use 제적되다 (to be expelled). When the school is the subject taking the action, we use 제적시키다 (to expel someone).

Passive Usage (Being Expelled)
Subject + 이/가 + 제적되다. Example: '민수는 제적되었다' (Minsu was expelled).
Active Usage (Expelling Someone)
Institution + 이/가 + Student + 을/를 + 제적시키다. Example: '학교가 그를 제적시켰다' (The school expelled him).

그는 출석 일수 부족으로 제적 위기에 처해 있다.

Translation: He is on the verge of expulsion due to insufficient attendance days.

Another common construction involves the word 처리 (processing). You will often see 제적 처리되다, which means 'to be processed for expulsion.' This highlights the administrative nature of the word. It’s not a sudden emotional outburst from a teacher; it’s a bureaucratic procedure. Furthermore, 제적 can be used in the context of '제적 등본' (a certified copy of the removal from the register), which is a document proving one was once a student but is no longer enrolled.

대학 본부는 학칙을 위반한 학생들을 제적하기로 결정했다.

Translation: The university headquarters decided to expel the students who violated the school regulations.

When using this word in sentences, it is important to specify the reason. Common reasons include 성적 불량 (poor grades), 미등록 (failure to register), 장기 결석 (long-term absence), or 징계 (disciplinary action). By providing the context, the use of 제적 becomes clearer and more professional. Remember that this word is almost exclusively for schools and universities; you wouldn't use it for being fired from a job (that would be '해고') or being kicked out of a club (that might be '제명').

You are most likely to hear 제적 in a university administrative office (교무처) or in the dormitory office. It is a word that appears frequently on official notice boards and in emails from the university registrar. If a student fails to pay their tuition by the deadline, they might receive a text message saying, '미납 시 제적 처리 예정입니다' (You are scheduled to be processed for expulsion if unpaid). This is the word of bureaucracy and consequences.

News and Media
News reports often use this word when discussing celebrities or politicians who were found to have received special treatment in university admissions, leading to their '제적' later on.
Academic Drama
In K-Dramas set in universities, a character might face '제적' as a major plot point, creating high tension because it symbolizes the end of their social and professional aspirations.

이번 학기에 복학하지 않으면 자동으로 제적이 됩니다.

Translation: If you do not return to school this semester, you will be automatically expelled (removed from the register).

In the context of international students in Korea, 제적 is a dreaded word. Because a student visa (D-2) is tied to one's status as a student, 제적 immediately triggers the cancellation of the visa. International student advisors will frequently use this word to warn students about the importance of maintaining their GPA and attendance. You might hear it in an orientation session: 'If your attendance falls below 70%, you face 제적 and must leave the country.'

그 학생은 시험 부정행위로 인해 제적 처분을 받았다.

Translation: The student received an expulsion order due to cheating on an exam.

Lastly, it is used in discussions about 're-admission' (재입학). After being 제적, some universities allow students to apply for re-admission after a certain period. In these administrative discussions, you will hear phrases like '제적 후 1년이 경과해야 재입학이 가능합니다' (Re-admission is possible only after one year has passed since expulsion). It defines the timeline of a person's academic history.

The most common mistake learners make is confusing 제적 with 퇴학 or 자퇴. While they all result in leaving school, the nuances are very different. Using the wrong one can change the perceived reason for leaving school, which can be sensitive or embarrassing.

제적 (Jejeok) vs. 퇴학 (Toehak)
제적 is the broad administrative term for removal from the register, often used in universities for reasons like missing tuition or poor grades. 퇴학 is more specifically 'expulsion' as a disciplinary punishment, commonly used in primary and secondary education for bad behavior.
제적 (Jejeok) vs. 자퇴 (Jatoe)
자퇴 is voluntary withdrawal. The student chooses to leave. 제적 is involuntary; the school removes the student. Saying someone '제적했다' (active) is grammatically awkward; it should be '제적되었다' or '자퇴했다'.

❌ 저는 학교를 제적했어요. (I expelled the school? - Incorrect)
✅ 저는 학교에서 제적되었어요. (I was expelled from school - Correct)

Another mistake is using 제적 to mean 'dropping out' in a casual sense. If you are talking to a friend about quitting school to start a business, you would use '그만두다' or '자퇴하다'. Using 제적 makes it sound like you were forcibly removed by the administration. Furthermore, do not confuse it with 제명 (Jemyeong), which is used for being expelled from a political party or a professional association, not a school.

그는 제적이 아니라 스스로 자퇴를 선택했다.

Translation: He chose voluntary withdrawal (dropping out) rather than expulsion.

Lastly, be careful with the spelling. 제적 (expulsion) is often confused with 제작 (production) by beginners, though they sound quite different to a native speaker. Ensure you focus on the 'ㅓ' sound in '적'. Also, '재적' (jae-jeok) sounds similar but means 'currently enrolled' (the opposite!). Mixing up 제적 (expelled) and 재적 (enrolled) can lead to massive misunderstandings in academic conversations.

To truly master 제적, you need to see where it fits in the family of words related to leaving or staying in school. Korean has very specific terms for every possible academic status change. Here are the most relevant comparisons.

퇴학 (Toehak) - Disciplinary Expulsion
While '제적' is often administrative (missing tuition), '퇴학' usually implies a severe punishment for violence or illegal acts. '퇴학' is common in high school contexts.
자퇴 (Jatoe) - Voluntary Withdrawal
The student fills out a form and says 'I want to leave.' This is much better for one's record than '제적'.
제명 (Jemyeong) - Removal from a Group
Used for clubs, political parties, or organizations. You wouldn't be '제적' from a soccer club; you'd be '제명' from it.

그는 제적 위기를 넘기고 무사히 졸업했다.

Translation: He overcame the crisis of expulsion and graduated safely.

On the flip side, we have 재적 (Jaejeok - note the 'ae' sound), which means being 'on the books' or currently enrolled. It is the antonym in terms of status. Then there is 복학 (Bokhak), which is returning to school after a leave. If you don't '복학' on time, you get '제적'ed. This relationship between the words is key to understanding the Korean university lifecycle.

학칙에 따라 미등록 학생은 제적 처리됩니다.

Translation: According to school regulations, students who fail to register are processed for expulsion.

In summary, choose 제적 when the context is official, involuntary, and related to a school registry. Choose 퇴학 for disciplinary expulsion, 자퇴 for quitting on your own, and 제명 for non-school organizations. Mastering these distinctions will make your Korean sound much more precise and sophisticated, especially in formal or academic environments.

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Exemples par niveau

1

그 학생은 학교에서 제적되었어요.

That student was expelled from school.

Uses the passive form '제적되다' (to be expelled).

2

제적은 아주 무서운 말이에요.

Expulsion is a very scary word.

Used as a simple noun subject.

3

공부를 안 하면 제적될 수 있어요.

If you don't study, you can be expelled.

-ㄹ 수 있다 (can/might) added to 제적되다.

4

그는 이제 학생이 아니에요. 제적됐거든요.

He is not a student anymore. It's because he was expelled.

Uses the '-거든요' ending to provide a reason.

5

학교에서 제적 통보를 받았어요.

I received an expulsion notice from the school.

'제적 통보' means expulsion notice.

6

제적당하면 어떻게 해요?

What do I do if I get expelled?

'제적당하다' emphasizes the negative experience.

7

그는 제적을 피하고 싶어 해요.

He wants to avoid expulsion.

'제적을 피하다' means to avoid expulsion.

8

제적은 슬픈 일이에요.

Expulsion is a sad thing.

Simple noun-adjective sentence.

1

등록금을 안 내면 자동으로 제적 처리됩니다.

If you don't pay tuition, you will be automatically processed for expulsion.

'제적 처리되다' is a common administrative phrase.

2

그는 출석이 부족해서 제적 위기에요.

He is in danger of expulsion because of poor attendance.

'제적 위기' means crisis/danger of expulsion.

3

제적된 후에는 도서관에 갈 수 없어요.

After being expelled, you cannot go to the library.

'-ㄴ 후에' means after doing something.

4

학사 경고를 세 번 받으면 제적입니다.

If you get three academic warnings, it is expulsion.

Uses the simple 'N + 입니다' structure.

5

학교는 그를 제적시키기로 결정했습니다.

The school decided to expel him.

'제적시키다' is the active form (to expel someone).

6

제적 증명서를 떼러 학교에 갔어요.

I went to school to get an expulsion certificate.

'제적 증명서' is an official document.

7

그는 제적당한 것을 부끄러워해요.

He is ashamed of having been expelled.

'-ㄴ 것' turns the verb phrase into a noun clause.

8

제적 대신 자퇴를 하는 게 나을까요?

Is it better to withdraw voluntarily instead of being expelled?

'N + 대신' means instead of N.

1

군대에 가기 위해 휴학을 했는데, 복학하지 않아 제적되었습니다.

I took a leave of absence to go to the army, but was expelled because I didn't return to school.

Explains a common reason for '제적' in Korea.

2

제적 처분을 취소해 달라고 학교에 요청했어요.

I requested the school to cancel the expulsion measure.

'-어 달라' is used to request an action for oneself.

3

그 학생은 시험 부정행위로 인해 제적당할 뻔했다.

That student almost got expelled due to cheating on an exam.

'-ㄹ 뻔했다' means 'almost happened'.

4

제적생들도 일정한 절차를 거치면 재입학이 가능합니다.

Expelled students can also be re-admitted if they go through certain procedures.

'제적생' refers to a student who has been expelled.

5

성적 부진으로 인한 제적은 정말 가슴 아픈 일이다.

Expulsion due to poor academic performance is a truly heartbreaking thing.

'-로 인한' means 'caused by'.

6

그는 제적된 후 검정고시를 준비하기 시작했다.

After being expelled, he started preparing for the high school equivalency exam.

'검정고시' is the GED equivalent in Korea.

7

학칙에 따르면 미등록 제적은 번복하기 어렵습니다.

According to school rules, it is difficult to reverse an expulsion due to non-registration.

'번복하다' means to reverse or overturn a decision.

8

그의 이름이 명단에서 제적된 것을 확인했다.

I confirmed that his name was removed from the list.

Uses '제적되다' in a more literal 'removed from list' sense.

1

정치적 활동을 이유로 제적당했던 학생들의 명예가 회복되었다.

The honor of students who were expelled for political activities has been restored.

Passive past participle '제적당했던' used as an adjective.

2

대학 본부는 학사 경고 누적자에 대해 제적 조치를 단행했다.

The university headquarters took decisive action to expel those with accumulated academic warnings.

'단행하다' means to carry out or execute decisively.

3

제적 처분이 부당하다며 학생회에서 항의 성명을 발표했다.

The student council issued a protest statement saying the expulsion measure was unfair.

'-며' is used to connect two clauses, often indicating a reason or simultaneous action.

4

그는 제적 등본을 제출하여 과거의 학력을 증명했다.

He proved his past educational background by submitting a certified copy of his removal from the register.

'제적 등본' is a specific administrative document.

5

장기 결석으로 인한 제적은 비자 연장에 치명적인 결함이 된다.

Expulsion due to long-term absence becomes a fatal flaw in visa extension.

'치명적인' means fatal or critical.

6

그 선수는 도핑 테스트 결과에 따라 팀에서 제적될 위기에 처했다.

The athlete is in danger of being removed from the team depending on the doping test results.

In sports, '제적' can occasionally mean removal from a roster/team register.

7

재입학 허가를 받으려면 제적된 날로부터 1년이 지나야 한다.

To get permission for re-admission, one year must pass from the date of expulsion.

'N + 로부터' means 'from N'.

8

그의 제적 소식은 동기들에게 큰 충격을 주었다.

The news of his expulsion was a great shock to his classmates.

'동기' refers to students who entered school in the same year.

1

행정 소송을 통해 학교 측의 제적 결정을 무효화하려는 시도가 이어지고 있다.

Attempts to nullify the school's expulsion decision through administrative litigation are continuing.

'무효화하다' means to nullify or invalidate.

2

제적은 학생에게 사회적 낙인을 찍는 가혹한 처벌일 수 있다.

Expulsion can be a harsh punishment that places a social stigma on a student.

'사회적 낙인을 찍다' is an idiom meaning to stigmatize socially.

3

대학의 자율성과 학생의 학습권 사이에서 제적권의 행사는 신중해야 한다.

The exercise of the right to expel must be cautious between the university's autonomy and the student's right to learn.

'학습권' means the right to learn/education.

4

과거 권위주의 정권 시절, 많은 지식인들이 대학에서 제적당하며 고초를 겪었다.

During the past authoritarian regimes, many intellectuals suffered hardships after being expelled from universities.

'고초를 겪다' means to go through hardships.

5

제적된 학생이 재입학을 신청할 경우, 심의 위원회의 엄격한 심사를 거친다.

If an expelled student applies for re-admission, they go through a strict review by the deliberation committee.

'심의 위원회' means deliberation committee.

6

그의 제적은 단순한 학사 행정의 결과가 아니라 정치적 외압의 산물이었다.

His expulsion was not merely a result of academic administration but a product of external political pressure.

'외압의 산물' means the product of external pressure.

7

제적 처분 통지서가 도달한 날로부터 90일 이내에 이의를 제기해야 한다.

An objection must be filed within 90 days from the day the expulsion notice arrived.

'이의를 제기하다' means to raise an objection.

8

학내 분규로 인해 대규모 제적 사태가 발생할 조짐이 보이고 있다.

There are signs that a mass expulsion situation may occur due to internal school disputes.

'조짐이 보이다' means to show signs of something.

1

제적(除籍)이라는 행정적 말살은 한 개인의 학문적 여정을 강제로 종결짓는 행위이다.

The administrative annihilation called 'expulsion' is an act of forcibly terminating an individual's academic journey.

'말살' means annihilation or erasure.

2

판례에 따르면, 징계 제적 시 적법 절차를 준수하지 않은 경우 그 효력이 부인될 수 있다.

According to judicial precedents, if due process is not observed during disciplinary expulsion, its validity can be denied.

'적법 절차' means due process of law.

3

제적생의 재입학 권한은 대학의 재량권에 속하지만, 헌법상 평등의 원칙을 위배해서는 안 된다.

The authority for re-admission of expelled students belongs to the university's discretion, but it must not violate the constitutional principle of equality.

'재량권' means discretionary power.

4

그는 제적의 부당함을 알리기 위해 1인 시위를 벌이며 여론의 환기를 촉구했다.

He held a one-person protest to reveal the unfairness of the expulsion and called for the awakening of public opinion.

'여론의 환기' means the awakening/stirring of public opinion.

5

학업 중단 후 제적 처리된 이들의 통계적 추이는 한국 교육 시스템의 병폐를 시사한다.

The statistical trend of those processed for expulsion after dropping out suggests the ills of the Korean education system.

'병폐' means ills, malady, or evil practices.

6

제적은 단순히 기록에서 이름을 지우는 것이 아니라, 그가 속했던 공동체로부터의 소외를 의미한다.

Expulsion is not just erasing a name from a record, but signifies alienation from the community to which they belonged.

'소외' means alienation or exclusion.

7

대학은 제적 처분을 내리기 전, 대상 학생에게 충분한 소명 기회를 제공해야 할 의무가 있다.

The university has an obligation to provide the student in question with a sufficient opportunity for explanation before handing down an expulsion order.

'소명 기회' means an opportunity for explanation/justification.

8

제적된 자의 학적 복구는 행정적 편의주의보다 교육적 가치를 우선시하여 검토되어야 한다.

The restoration of the school record of an expelled person should be reviewed by prioritizing educational values over administrative convenience.

'편의주의' means opportunism or acting for the sake of convenience.

Collocations courantes

제적되다
제적시키다
제적 처리
제적 위기
제적 등본
제적 통보
제적생
자동 제적
학사 제적
징계 제적

Phrases Courantes

제적을 당하다

— To suffer the consequence of being expelled.

그는 억울하게 제적을 당했다고 주장했다.

제적 처분을 내리다

— To issue an official expulsion order.

대학은 징계 위원회를 열어 제적 처분을 내렸다.

명단에서 제적하다

— To remove a name from a list.

오랫동안 활동하지 않은 회원을 명단에서 제적했다.

제적 위기에
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