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A1 numeral 7 min de lecture

일흔

ilheun
Exemples 일흔 en 30 secondes
Explication 일흔 in your Level:
At the A1 level, learners are just beginning to recognize and use basic numbers. "일흔" might be encountered when discussing age or simple quantities. The focus is on recognizing the word and understanding its basic meaning of 'seventy' in familiar contexts like 'I am seventy years old'. Simple counting exercises involving native Korean numbers up to ten, and then recognizing the tens like twenty, thirty, and seventy, would be appropriate. Learners at this stage are not expected to produce complex sentences but to understand simple statements.
A2 learners can handle more everyday situations. They will encounter "일흔" more frequently when discussing age, particularly of older relatives, or when counting items in a list or a shop. They should be able to form simple sentences like 'My grandfather is seventy' or 'There are seventy books'. Understanding the difference between "일흔" and "칠십" in basic counting contexts starts to become important. Exercises might involve matching numbers to quantities or filling in the blank in simple age-related sentences.
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At the B1 level, learners have a more solid grasp of Korean grammar and vocabulary. "일흔" will be used more naturally in conversations about personal history, anecdotes, or when discussing quantities in more detail. Learners should be able to differentiate between native and Sino-Korean numbers and apply them correctly in various situations. They might describe events that happened seventy years ago or discuss a collection of seventy items. Exercises could involve understanding dialogues where numbers are used, or writing short paragraphs incorporating "일흔" in different contexts.
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B2 learners are expected to have a sophisticated understanding of nuances. They will be comfortable using "일흔" in a wider range of contexts, including more complex sentence structures and potentially in written materials like articles or stories. They should be able to explain the difference between native and Sino-Korean numbering systems and when each is preferred. They might discuss historical events that occurred seventy years prior or analyze data presented with native Korean numbers. Exercises could include summarizing texts that use "일흔" or engaging in discussions where precise numerical information is exchanged.
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C1 learners possess a high level of fluency and accuracy. They will use "일흔" seamlessly in both spoken and written Korean, understanding its subtle implications and cultural context. They can discuss abstract concepts or complex topics where precise numerical references are needed, employing "일흔" appropriately within the native Korean numbering system. They are expected to be able to identify and correct errors in number usage by others. Exercises might involve analyzing literary texts for numerical symbolism or participating in debates where numerical evidence is presented.
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At the C2 level, learners have near-native proficiency. "일흔" will be used with the same naturalness and precision as a native speaker. They will understand the historical and linguistic roots of the native Korean numbering system and can articulate these concepts. They can effortlessly navigate complex conversations and texts, employing "일흔" in any relevant situation, whether it's a casual chat about age or a formal discussion involving historical data. Exercises would focus on highly nuanced language use, creative writing, and in-depth linguistic analysis.
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Exemples

일흔 en 30 secondes

  • "일흔" (il-heun) is the native Korean number for seventy.
  • Primarily used for counting items and expressing age.
  • Distinct from Sino-Korean "칠십" (chil-sip), used for dates, money, etc.
  • Essential for understanding Korean counting up to 99.

Understanding "일흔" (Seventy)

The Korean word "일흔" (il-heun) is a native Korean number representing the quantity of seventy. Unlike Sino-Korean numbers (like 칠십 - chil-sip), which are derived from Chinese, native Korean numbers are indigenous to the Korean language. "일흔" is primarily used for counting items and for expressing age, particularly for people who are seventy years old.

Usage Context
Native Korean numbers, including "일흔", are used for counting objects, people, and for indicating age. Sino-Korean numbers are more common for dates, money, and phone numbers, though there are overlaps.

저는 일흔 살입니다.

I am seventy years old.
Counting System
The native Korean number system goes up to 99 (아흔아홉 - aheun-ahop). Beyond that, Sino-Korean numbers are used. For example, 100 is 백 (baek), not a native Korean number.

이것은 일흔 개 있습니다.

There are seventy of these.
Age Usage
When stating someone's age, especially if they are in their seventies, "일흔" is the natural choice. For example, "저희 할아버지는 일흔이 넘으셨어요." (My grandfather is over seventy.)

Understanding the distinction between native Korean and Sino-Korean numbers is crucial for accurate communication in Korean. "일흔" is a fundamental part of the native Korean counting system, essential for everyday conversations involving quantities and age.

The native Korean numbers are: 하나 (hana - one), 둘 (dul - two), 셋 (set - three), 넷 (net - four), 다섯 (daseot - five), 여섯 (yeoseot - six), 일곱 (ilgop - seven), 여덟 (yeodeol - eight), 아홉 (ahop - nine), 열 (yeol - ten). For numbers above ten, you combine the native Korean numbers with the Sino-Korean number for ten (십 - sip) in a specific way for units up to 19, and then use Sino-Korean numbers for larger tens. However, for the tens themselves (20, 30, 40, etc.), native Korean numbers are used: 스물 (seumul - twenty), 서른 (seoreun - thirty), 마흔 (maheun - forty), 쉰 (swin - fifty), 예순 (yesun - sixty), 일흔 (ilheun - seventy), 여든 (yeodeun - eighty), 아흔 (aheun - ninety). For example, to say twenty-one, you say 스물하나 (seumul-hana), combining the native Korean twenty with the native Korean one. But for seventy-one, it would be 일흔하나 (ilheun-hana).

Constructing Sentences with "일흔"

Using "일흔" correctly involves understanding its role as a native Korean number, primarily for counting and age. Here are common sentence structures and examples to help you integrate it into your Korean vocabulary.

Age Expressions
The most common use of "일흔" is when stating someone's age. The structure is typically '[Subject]는/은 일흔 살입니다' or '[Subject]는/은 일흔 살이에요'.

우리 할머니께서 일흔 번째 생신을 맞으셨어요.

My grandmother celebrated her seventieth birthday.
Counting Objects
When counting items, "일흔" is used followed by a counter noun. For example, '일흔 개' (il-heun gae - seventy items).

이 상자에는 일흔 개의 사과가 들어 있습니다.

This box contains seventy apples.
Indicating Years (Less Common)
While Sino-Korean numbers are more common for years (e.g., 2023년 - i-cheon-isip-sam-nyeon), you might encounter "일흔" in contexts referring to durations or specific historical periods if they are framed in terms of native Korean numbering, though this is rare.

그 사건은 일흔 년 전에 일어났다고 합니다.

It is said that the incident happened seventy years ago.

Practicing these sentence structures will help solidify your understanding and usage of "일흔" in various contexts. Pay attention to the particles and verb endings to ensure grammatical correctness.

Real-World Encounters with "일흔"

You'll most frequently encounter "일흔" (seventy) in everyday Korean conversations and media, particularly when discussing age and quantities. Understanding these contexts will help you recognize and use the word more effectively.

Family Gatherings and Conversations
Discussions about the ages of grandparents, elderly relatives, or even older neighbors often involve "일흔". For instance, someone might say, "우리 외할머니께서 올해 일흔 되셨어." (My maternal grandmother turned seventy this year.)

저희 동네에서 가장 오래된 나무는 일흔 년은 넘었을 거예요.

The oldest tree in our neighborhood is probably over seventy years old.
Shopping and Inventory
In markets, stores, or when discussing inventory, you might hear quantities mentioned using native Korean numbers. For example, a vendor might say, "이거 일흔 개만 남았어요." (There are only seventy of these left.)

이번 달에 일흔 명의 새로운 회원이 가입했습니다.

Seventy new members joined this month.
Historical Anecdotes and Stories
When recounting past events or sharing historical facts, especially those related to local history or personal experiences spanning decades, "일흔" might appear. For example, "그 전쟁은 일흔 년 전에 끝났습니다." (That war ended seventy years ago.)

Pay attention to Korean dramas, movies, news reports, and casual conversations. You'll notice "일흔" used naturally in these contexts, reinforcing its importance in everyday Korean.

Avoiding Pitfalls with "일흔"

While "일흔" (seventy) is a straightforward native Korean number, learners can sometimes make mistakes, particularly concerning its usage and when to use Sino-Korean numbers instead. Here are common errors to watch out for.

Confusing Native and Sino-Korean Numbers
The most frequent mistake is using "일흔" in contexts where Sino-Korean numbers are appropriate, such as dates, money, or phone numbers. For example, saying "일흔월" (il-heun-wol) for July (which is 칠월 - chil-wol) or "일흔원" (il-heun-won) for 70 won (which is 칠십 원 - chil-sip-won).

Incorrect: 오늘 날짜는 일흔 일입니다.

Correct: 오늘 날짜는 칠월 십일일입니다. (Today's date is July 11th.)

Using "일흔" for a date is incorrect.
Incorrect Usage for Large Numbers
Native Korean numbers, including "일흔", are generally used for counting up to 99. Using "일흔" for numbers beyond 99 is incorrect. For example, 170 should be 백칠십 (baek-chil-sip), not "일흔백" (il-heun-baek).

Incorrect: 그 건물은 일흔 층입니다.

Correct: 그 건물은 백칠십 층입니다. (That building is 170 stories.)

Using "일흔" for 170 is incorrect.
Ignoring Counter Nouns
When counting items, especially in spoken Korean, a counter noun often follows the number. Forgetting this can make the sentence sound unnatural or incomplete. For example, saying "일흔" alone when referring to seventy items is less common than "일흔 개" (il-heun gae).

By being aware of these common mistakes, you can ensure you are using "일흔" correctly and confidently in your Korean language journey.

Exploring Alternatives to "일흔"

While "일흔" is the native Korean word for seventy, Korean has two numbering systems, and understanding the alternatives is key to using numbers appropriately. The primary alternative is the Sino-Korean number.

Sino-Korean: 칠십 (chil-sip)
This is the Sino-Korean equivalent of seventy. It's derived from the Chinese characters for 'seven' (七 - chil) and 'ten' (十 - sip). You will use '칠십' in contexts like dates, money, phone numbers, minutes, seconds, and when counting things like floors in a building or large quantities where Sino-Korean numbers are standard.

Comparison: The year 1970 is 천구백칠십년 (cheon-gu-baek-chil-sip-nyeon), not using "일흔".

Using Sino-Korean for years.
Native Korean: Seventy-Something
When counting numbers from 71 to 79, you combine "일흔" with the native Korean numbers for one through nine. For example: '일흔하나' (il-heun-ha-na - 71), '일흔둘' (il-heun-dul - 72), ..., '일흔아홉' (il-heun-a-hop - 79). This is a crucial aspect of the native Korean counting system.

Example: I have 일흔일곱개의 동전이 있습니다. (I have seventy-seven coins.)

Combining "일흔" with other native Korean numbers.
Context is Key
The choice between "일흔" and "칠십" depends entirely on the context. Generally, if you are counting discrete objects or referring to age (up to 99), "일흔" is appropriate. For more abstract quantities or specific measurements like time or money, "칠십" is the standard.

By understanding when to use "일흔" versus "칠십", and how "일흔" combines with other native Korean numbers, you'll significantly improve your accuracy and fluency in Korean.

Guide de prononciation

UK /ˈɪl.hʌn/
US /ˈɪl.hʌn/
Stress typically falls on the first syllable: 'IL-heun'.
Rime avec
ullen gullen mullen bull-hen pull-hen full-hen null-hen skill-hen
Erreurs fréquentes
  • Pronouncing '일' as 'eel' instead of a shorter 'ill'.
  • Not aspirating the 'h' in '흔', making it sound like 'eun'.
  • Confusing the vowel sound in '흔' with the 'ea' in 'bean'.
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Exemples par niveau

1

저는 일흔 살이에요.

I am seventy years old.

Native Korean number for age.

2

이것은 일흔 개입니다.

There are seventy of these.

Native Korean number for counting objects.

3

일흔.

Seventy.

Basic recognition of the number.

4

할머니는 일흔이 넘으셨어요.

Grandmother is over seventy.

Expressing age range.

5

일흔 송이 장미.

Seventy roses.

Counting items with a counter.

6

그 책은 일흔 권 있어요.

There are seventy books.

Using '권' (gwon) as a counter for books.

7

일흔 번째.

The seventieth.

Ordinal number context.

8

그는 일흔 살 노인입니다.

He is a seventy-year-old elderly person.

Describing age.

1

우리 아버지는 올해 일흔을 맞으셨어요.

My father turned seventy this year.

Using '맞다' (matda) for reaching an age.

2

이 공장에서 일흔 개의 부품이 생산됩니다.

Seventy parts are produced in this factory.

Counting manufactured items.

3

그 건물은 일흔 년 전에 지어졌습니다.

That building was built seventy years ago.

Indicating a past duration.

4

저는 일흔다섯 명의 친구가 있습니다.

I have seventy-five friends.

Combining '일흔' with another native Korean number.

5

그는 일흔 살 넘은 농부입니다.

He is a farmer over seventy years old.

Describing occupation and age.

6

이번 전시회에는 일흔 점의 그림이 전시되어 있습니다.

Seventy paintings are exhibited in this exhibition.

Using '점' (jeom) as a counter for art pieces.

7

일흔 번째 줄에 앉았습니다.

I sat in the seventieth row.

Ordinal number usage in a public space.

8

그는 일흔 살이 되기 전에 은퇴했습니다.

He retired before turning seventy.

Expressing an event before reaching a certain age.

1

그 사건은 일흔 년 전의 일이지만, 아직도 많은 사람들에게 회자되고 있습니다.

Although that incident was seventy years ago, it is still talked about by many people.

Using "일흔" in a historical context with a complex sentence structure.

2

저희 마을에는 일흔 분이 넘는 어르신들이 살고 계십니다.

More than seventy elderly people live in our village.

Polite form of address for elders and counting.

3

그는 일흔 번째 생일을 맞아 특별한 여행을 계획하고 있습니다.

He is planning a special trip for his seventieth birthday.

Using "일흔" for a milestone birthday.

4

이번 프로젝트에는 일흔두 명의 팀원이 참여했습니다.

Seventy-two team members participated in this project.

Combining "일흔" with another native Korean number.

5

이 도서관에는 일흔 종류의 희귀본이 소장되어 있습니다.

This library holds seventy types of rare books.

Counting categories or types.

6

그는 일흔 살의 나이에도 불구하고 여전히 활발하게 활동하고 있습니다.

Despite being seventy years old, he is still actively working.

Contrasting age with activity level.

7

일흔 번째로 도착한 사람은 행운의 주인공이 될 것입니다.

The person who arrives seventieth will be the lucky winner.

Ordinal number in a competition context.

8

그는 일흔 개의 낡은 사진들을 보며 추억에 잠겼습니다.

He reminisced while looking at seventy old photographs.

Counting personal items.

1

그 역사적 기록은 일흔 년 전의 사건들을 상세하게 묘사하고 있으며, 당시 사회상을 엿볼 수 있는 귀중한 자료입니다.

That historical record vividly describes events from seventy years ago and is valuable material for glimpsing the social conditions of that time.

Using "일흔" in a formal, descriptive context with complex vocabulary.

2

우리 회사는 설립 이후 일흔 번의 크고 작은 위기를 극복하며 성장해왔습니다.

Our company has grown by overcoming seventy major and minor crises since its establishment.

Counting occurrences or events over time.

3

일흔 번째 생일을 맞이하여, 그는 평생 꿈꿔왔던 세계 일주를 시작했습니다.

Upon reaching his seventieth birthday, he embarked on a round-the-world trip he had dreamed of his entire life.

Using "일흔" for a significant life event and subsequent action.

4

이 연구는 일흔여 명의 참가자들을 대상으로 진행되었으며, 그 결과는 매우 고무적이었습니다.

This research was conducted with approximately seventy participants, and the results were very encouraging.

Using "일흔여" (ilheun-yeo) to indicate 'around seventy'.

5

그는 일흔 개의 언어를 유창하게 구사할 수 있다는 소문이 있습니다.

There are rumors that he can fluently speak seventy languages.

Hyperbole or extraordinary claim involving a large number.

6

일흔 년이라는 긴 세월 동안 변함없이 자리를 지켜온 전통 시장의 모습은 정겹기 그지없습니다.

The appearance of the traditional market, which has remained unchanged for the long period of seventy years, is incredibly heartwarming.

Emphasizing duration and cultural significance.

7

그는 일흔 번째로 제출된 아이디어였음에도 불구하고, 그 독창성으로 인해 최종 선정될 수 있었습니다.

Despite being the seventieth submitted idea, it was ultimately selected due to its originality.

Ordinal number in a selection process.

8

일흔 겹으로 쌓인 눈은 마치 거대한 설산과도 같았습니다.

The snow piled up seventy layers deep was like a giant snow mountain.

Describing a large quantity through layering.

1

일흔 년이라는 세월의 무게가 고스란히 담긴 그의 회고록은, 격동의 시대를 살아낸 한 인간의 숭고한 기록이라 할 수 있습니다.

His memoir, imbued with the weight of seventy years, can be called a noble record of a person who lived through a turbulent era.

Figurative language and profound historical context.

2

그의 작품은 일흔 가지가 넘는 색채의 향연을 펼치며, 관람객들에게 깊은 시각적 감동을 선사합니다.

His work presents a feast of over seventy colors, offering viewers deep visual emotion.

Describing artistic complexity and using "넘는" (neomneun - over/more than).

3

일흔 번째로 발매된 그의 앨범은 음악계에 큰 반향을 일으키며, 평론가들로부터 극찬을 받았습니다.

His seventieth released album caused a great sensation in the music industry and received rave reviews from critics.

Cultural reference to a prolific artist's milestone release.

4

그는 일흔의 나이에도 불구하고, 끊임없는 탐구 정신으로 새로운 학문 분야를 개척하는 데 앞장서고 있습니다.

Despite being seventy years old, he is leading the way in pioneering new academic fields with his unceasing spirit of inquiry.

Highlighting intellectual vitality in old age.

5

일흔 겹의 복잡한 인간 심리를 섬세하게 그려낸 그의 소설은 독자들에게 깊은 울림을 주었습니다.

His novel, which delicately portrays the complex human psychology of seventy layers, gave readers a deep resonance.

Metaphorical use of "일흔" to describe complexity.

6

이 고대 유적지는 일흔 년간의 발굴 작업을 통해 그 신비로운 베일을 벗기 시작했습니다.

This ancient historical site began to reveal its mysterious veil through seventy years of excavation work.

Emphasizing the long duration of a significant scientific endeavor.

7

일흔 번째로 등장한 인물은 이야기의 핵심적인 반전을 이끌어내는 중요한 역할을 수행했습니다.

The character who appeared seventieth played a crucial role in leading the story's key twist.

Narrative analysis using ordinal numbers.

8

그는 일흔 개의 언어에 대한 심층적인 이해를 바탕으로 국제적인 외교 무대에서 활약하고 있습니다.

Based on his in-depth understanding of seventy languages, he is active on the international diplomatic stage.

Highlighting exceptional linguistic skills in a professional context.

1

일흔 년의 세월 속에서도 퇴색하지 않는 그의 예술혼은, 시대를 초월한 인간 정신의 위대함을 증명하는 살아있는 증거라 할 수 있습니다.

His artistic spirit, which has not faded even through seventy years, can be called living proof of the greatness of the human spirit transcending time.

Philosophical and profound reflection on art and time.

2

그는 일흔 가지 이상의 복잡한 질병을 진단하고 치료하는 데 있어 타의 추종을 불허하는 권위를 인정받고 있습니다.

He is recognized for his unparalleled authority in diagnosing and treating over seventy complex diseases.

Specialized knowledge in a high-level professional field.

3

일흔 번째로 제시된 이 이론은 기존의 패러다임을 완전히 뒤엎으며 과학계에 혁명적인 변화를 가져왔습니다.

This theory, presented seventieth, completely overturned existing paradigms and brought about revolutionary changes in the scientific community.

Impact of a theory in a scientific revolution.

4

그는 일흔의 연륜 속에서도 여전히 젊은 세대에게 영감을 주는 멘토로서, 끊임없이 새로운 지평을 열어가고 있습니다.

Even with the wisdom of seventy years, he continues to open new horizons as a mentor who inspires the younger generation.

Emphasizing mentorship and lifelong learning.

5

일흔 겹의 겹겹이 쌓인 역사의 흔적을 추적하며, 그는 마침내 그 시대의 진실에 다가설 수 있었습니다.

Tracing the traces of history layered seventyfold, he was finally able to approach the truth of that era.

Metaphorical and analytical approach to history.

6

이 고대 문명의 일흔 개의 도시 유적을 발굴하는 작업은 인류 역사의 새로운 장을 열었다고 평가받고 있습니다.

The work of excavating seventy city ruins of this ancient civilization is evaluated as having opened a new chapter in human history.

Significance of archaeological discoveries on a grand scale.

7

일흔 번째로 등장하는 그의 대사는 이야기의 클라이맥스를 장식하며, 등장인물의 복잡한 심리 상태를 압축적으로 드러냅니다.

His dialogue, appearing seventieth, adorns the story's climax and concisely reveals the character's complex psychological state.

Literary analysis of character development and plot structure.

8

그는 일흔 가지 언어에 대한 깊이 있는 이해를 바탕으로, 인간 소통의 본질에 대한 독창적인 이론을 정립했습니다.

Based on his profound understanding of seventy languages, he has established an original theory on the essence of human communication.

Theoretical contribution based on extensive knowledge.

Synonymes

칠십 (chil-sip) 일흔 하나 (il-heun-ha-na) 일흔 둘 (il-heun-dul) 일흔 셋 (il-heun-set) 일흔 넷 (il-heun-net) 일흔 다섯 (il-heun-da-seot) 일흔 여섯 (il-heun-yeo-seot) 일흔 일곱 (il-heun-il-gop)

Collocations courantes

일흔 살
일흔 개
일흔 명
일흔 년
일흔 번째
일흔 번
일흔 종류
일흔 시간
일흔 겹
일흔 해

Phrases Courantes

일흔 살입니다.

— I am seventy years old.

제 할머니는 일흔 살입니다. (My grandmother is seventy years old.)

일흔 개가 넘습니다.

— It's more than seventy items.

이 상자에는 일흔 개가 넘는 물건이 들어 있습니다. (This box contains more than seventy items.)

일흔 명 정도 됩니다.

— There are about seventy people.

오늘 모임에는 일흔 명 정도 됩니다. (There are about seventy people at today's meeting.)

일흔 해를 살았습니다.

— Lived for seventy years.

그는 그 마을에서 일흔 해를 살았습니다. (He lived in that village for seventy years.)

일흔 번째로...

— As the seventieth...

일흔 번째로 도착한 사람이 우승했습니다. (The person who arrived seventieth won.)

일흔 번 이상

— More than seventy times

이 책은 일흔 번 이상 읽었습니다. (I have read this book more than seventy times.)

일흔 살을 바라봅니다.

— Approaching seventy years old.

그 배우는 곧 일흔 살을 바라봅니다. (That actor is approaching seventy years old soon.)

일흔 개를 채우다

— To fill up to seventy items

우리는 일흔 개를 채우기 위해 더 많은 사과를 모아야 합니다. (We need to gather more apples to fill up to seventy.)

일흔 명을 돌파하다

— To surpass seventy people

이 가게는 하루에 일흔 명을 돌파하는 손님이 많습니다. (This shop has many customers surpassing seventy people a day.)

일흔 년의 역사

— A history of seventy years

이 건물은 일흔 년의 역사를 가지고 있습니다. (This building has a history of seventy years.)

Famille de mots

Apparenté

칠십 (chil-sip)
숫자 (sut-ja)
개수 (gae-su)
나이 (na-i)
열 (yeol)
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Origine du mot

The word '일흔' (il-heun) originates from the native Korean number system. This system developed independently from Chinese influences, which led to the Sino-Korean numeral system. The structure of native Korean numbers, especially for tens, is unique to the Korean language.

Sens originel : The exact etymological root of '일흔' is not definitively known, as is common with very old native words. However, it belongs to a set of native Korean numbers for tens (스물, 서른, 마흔, 쉰, 예순, 일흔, 여든, 아흔) that have distinct forms from their Sino-Korean counterparts.

Koreanic languages
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