When you are just starting out learning Chinese, you will quickly notice how many words there are that mean 'to learn' or 'to study'. Each has a slightly different nuance, and it's important to know the difference. The word 训练 (xùnliàn) is a verb that specifically means 'to train'.
You use 训练 when you are talking about teaching a specific skill or behavior to a person or an animal. Think of it like training a dog to sit, or training athletes for a competition. It often implies a structured and repetitive process aimed at improving performance or acquiring a new capability.
§ What does 训练 (xùnliàn) mean?
Let's talk about 训练 (xùnliàn). This is a really useful word in Chinese. At its core, 训练 (xùnliàn) means 'to train' or 'to drill'. Think of it as teaching someone or even an animal a specific skill or behavior. It's about repeated practice to achieve a goal. You'll hear it a lot in everyday Chinese, especially when people are talking about learning new things, improving skills, or getting ready for something important.
- DEFINITION
- To train; teach a person or animal a particular skill or type of behavior.
You can use 训练 (xùnliàn) in many contexts. For example, athletes need to 训练 (xùnliàn) to get stronger and faster for their competitions. Students might 训练 (xùnliàn) for a test or a specific performance. Even animals, like dogs, get 训练 (xùnliàn) to learn tricks or obey commands. It's not just about physical training; it can also be about mental or skill-based training.
§ When do people use it?
People use 训练 (xùnliàn) when they are talking about:
- Sports and fitness: This is probably one of the most common uses. Any time someone is preparing for a sport, you'll hear about 训练 (xùnliàn).
- Skills development: Learning a new language, playing a musical instrument, or mastering a computer program all involve 训练 (xùnliàn).
- Animal training: If you have a pet, you might 训练 (xùnliàn) it to do certain things.
- Job preparation: New employees often go through 训练 (xùnliàn) to learn their roles.
- Military or emergency services: Soldiers, police officers, and firefighters constantly undergo rigorous 训练 (xùnliàn).
他每天都训练跑步。(Tā měitiān dōu xùnliàn pǎobù.)
He trains for running every day.
我们需要训练我们的狗。(Wǒmen xūyào xùnliàn wǒmen de gǒu.)
We need to train our dog.
Notice how in both examples, 训练 (xùnliàn) implies a process of instruction and practice. It's not just a one-time event; it's ongoing effort to improve.
So, if you're talking about putting in the work to get better at something, whether it's for yourself, someone else, or even an animal, 训练 (xùnliàn) is the word you'll want to use. It covers a broad range of activities where focused effort leads to improvement and proficiency.
How Formal Is It?
"公司为新员工提供了全面的培训。(The company provided comprehensive training for new employees.)"
"我们需要训练员工使用新软件。(We need to train employees to use the new software.)"
"你教我怎么做这个菜吧。(Teach me how to make this dish.)"
"小狗正在学坐下。(The puppy is learning to sit.)"
"教练把我们操练得筋疲力尽。(The coach drilled us until we were exhausted.)"
Exemples par niveau
我们需要训练员工学习新软件。
We need to train employees to learn new software.
她每天训练她的狗。
She trains her dog every day.
运动员们正在为比赛训练。
The athletes are training for the competition.
这个项目训练你如何更好地沟通。
This program trains you how to communicate better.
部队训练新兵。
The army trains new recruits.
他训练自己每天早起。
He trains himself to wake up early every day.
公司训练销售人员提高业绩。
The company trains sales staff to improve performance.
我们被训练要遵守规则。
We are trained to follow the rules.
Modèles grammaticaux
Structures de phrases
Subj. + 训练 + Obj.
他训练狗。 (He trains dogs.)
Subj. + 训练 + Obj. + V.
我训练学生说汉语。 (I train students to speak Chinese.)
Subj. + 训练 + Obj. + 来 + V.
老师训练我们来回答问题。 (The teacher trains us to answer questions.)
Subj. + 给 + Obj. + 训练。
教练给运动员训练。 (The coach trains the athletes.)
Subj. + 训练 + Obj. + 做 + N.
他训练我做饭。 (He trains me to cook.)
通过 + N. + 训练， Subj. + V.
通过严格训练，他进步很快。 (Through strict training, he improved quickly.)
为了 + V. +， Subj. + 训练 + Obj.
为了参加比赛，他每天训练。 (To participate in the competition, he trains every day.)
Subj. + 得到 + 训练。
他得到了很好的训练。 (He received very good training.)
Mémorise-le
Moyen mnémotechnique
Imagine a **train**er (**训**liàn) who is **train**ing you to run a race. The word sounds a bit like 'train' and it means to train!
Association visuelle
Picture a strong, determined trainer with a whistle, actively guiding a group of athletes through various exercises. They are 'training' them, much like the word '训练' suggests.
Word Web
Défi
1. 这位教练正在**训练**他的团队参加比赛。 (This coach is **training** his team for the competition.) 2. 狗被**训练**成能够执行各种命令。 (The dog was **trained** to perform various commands.) 3. 我们需要花时间**训练**新员工。 (We need to spend time **training** new employees.) 4. 她的声音经过多年的**训练**变得非常出色。 (Her voice became excellent after years of **training**.)
Teste-toi 30 questions
I train my dog.
The teacher trains the students.
Do you like to train?
Read this aloud:
他训练得很努力。
Focus: 训练 (xùnliàn)
Tu as dit :
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Read this aloud:
我们一起训练吧。
Focus: 一起 (yīqǐ)
Tu as dit :
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
这个训练很难。
Focus: 这个 (zhège)
Tu as dit :
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Choose the correct sentence using “训练”:
“训练” is typically used with a person or animal as the object, implying the act of teaching a skill or behavior. The other options don't fit this usage.
Which of the following describes the purpose of “训练”?
“训练” means to train or teach a skill or behavior.
Select the sentence where “训练” is used correctly:
This sentence correctly uses “训练” to describe a coach teaching athletes how to run, which is a skill.
“训练” can be used to describe teaching a pet a new trick.
Yes, “训练” is commonly used for training animals.
You can use “训练” to say you are training a new computer.
While computers can be 'trained' in a technical sense, “训练” in everyday Chinese typically refers to teaching skills to living beings. For computers, you might use '配置' (configure) or '设置' (set up).
If you are learning a new language, you can say you are “训练” yourself.
While you are certainly 'training' your brain, the more common and natural way to express learning a new language is to use words like '学习' (xuéxí - to study/learn) or '练习' (liànxí - to practice). “训练” is usually more about a structured, often physical or specific skill-based training.
You are a new employee. Write a short message to your manager asking if there will be any training for the new system. Include that you are eager to learn.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
经理，您好！我是新来的员工。我想问一下，公司会为新系统提供训练吗？我非常期待学习！(Hello Manager! I am a new employee. I want to ask if the company will provide training for the new system? I am very much looking forward to learning!)
Write a sentence about a dog being trained to do tricks. Use '训练'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
我的狗被训练做很多有趣的把戏。(My dog is trained to do many interesting tricks.)
Describe a personal experience where you had to train for something (e.g., a marathon, a new skill).
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
为了参加马拉松，我每天都努力训练。(To participate in the marathon, I trained hard every day.)
根据这段话，这家公司为什么提供训练课程？(According to this passage, why does this company provide training courses?)
Read this passage:
这家公司非常重视员工的专业发展。他们每年都会提供几次专业的训练课程，帮助员工提高技能。很多员工觉得这些训练非常有益，对他们的职业生涯有很大的帮助。
根据这段话，这家公司为什么提供训练课程？(According to this passage, why does this company provide training courses?)
文章中明确提到“帮助员工提高技能”。(The passage explicitly states 'to help employees improve their skills'.)
文章中明确提到“帮助员工提高技能”。(The passage explicitly states 'to help employees improve their skills'.)
小明训练他的猫是为了什么？(What did Xiaoming train his cat for?)
Read this passage:
小明喜欢和他的猫玩耍。最近，他开始训练他的猫在固定时间吃饭，并且不要跳到桌子上。虽然一开始很难，但是小明很有耐心，他的猫现在表现得很好。
小明训练他的猫是为了什么？(What did Xiaoming train his cat for?)
小明训练猫在固定时间吃饭，不要跳桌子，这些都是为了让猫养成好习惯。(Xiaoming trained the cat to eat at a fixed time and not jump on the table, all of which are to help the cat develop good habits.)
小明训练猫在固定时间吃饭，不要跳桌子，这些都是为了让猫养成好习惯。(Xiaoming trained the cat to eat at a fixed time and not jump on the table, all of which are to help the cat develop good habits.)
除了身体锻炼，运动员的训练还包括什么？(Besides physical exercise, what else does an athlete's training include?)
Read this passage:
很多运动员都需要长时间的训练才能在比赛中取得好成绩。这种训练不仅包括身体上的锻炼，还包括心理上的准备。一个好的教练能够帮助运动员制定有效的训练计划。
除了身体锻炼，运动员的训练还包括什么？(Besides physical exercise, what else does an athlete's training include?)
文章中提到“还包括心理上的准备”。(The passage mentions 'also includes psychological preparation'.)
文章中提到“还包括心理上的准备”。(The passage mentions 'also includes psychological preparation'.)
公司为新员工提供了全面的技能___。
“培训” (péixùn) specifically refers to professional or skill-based training, which fits the context of new employees learning skills. “管理” (guǎnlǐ) is management, “发展” (fāzhǎn) is development, and “指导” (zhǐdǎo) is guidance.
这支队伍每天都进行严格的体能___，以保持最佳状态。
“训练” (xùnliàn) is the most appropriate word for systematic and rigorous physical training in a team context. “练习” (liànxí) is practice, “锻炼” (duànliàn) is exercise (general), and “磨练” (móliàn) is tempering or honing skills through hardship.
为了提高服务质量，酒店对员工进行了客户服务礼仪的___。
“训练” (xùnliàn) best describes the process of teaching specific behaviors and protocols for customer service etiquette. “教育” (jiàoyù) is education (broader), “指导” (zhǐdǎo) is guidance, and “培养” (péiyǎng) is cultivate or foster.
警察部门每年都会对警犬进行搜救___。
“训练” (xùnliàn) is the correct term for systematically teaching animals (like police dogs) specific skills such as search and rescue. “演练” (yǎnliàn) is drill or exercise, “活动” (huódòng) is activity, and “研究” (yánjiū) is research.
运动员们在奥运会前会接受长期的专业___。
“训练” (xùnliàn) is the precise word for the intensive and specialized preparation athletes undergo before major competitions like the Olympics. “学习” (xuéxí) is study/learn (general), “比赛” (bǐsài) is competition, and “参观” (cānguān) is visit.
通过反复___，他终于掌握了这项复杂的技能。
“训练” (xùnliàn) refers to the repetitive practice or coaching necessary to master a complex skill. “思考” (sīkǎo) is thinking, “阅读” (yuèdú) is reading, and “交流” (jiāoliú) is communication.
The coach trained the athletes rigorously to help them achieve breakthroughs in the competition.
The company provided a month-long professional skills training for new employees.
This police dog, after special training, can accurately sniff out drugs and explosives.
Read this aloud:
请你用“训练”造一个句子，描述一个动物经过训练后变得更聪明。
Focus: xùn liàn
Tu as dit :
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Read this aloud:
谈谈你认为在职场中，什么样的训练对个人发展最有帮助。
Focus: xùn liàn
Tu as dit :
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
你觉得学校教育和工作训练在培养人才方面有什么不同和共同之处？
Focus: xùn liàn
Tu as dit :
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
/ 30 correct
Perfect score!
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