When we want to say that something happens before something else, we use the word قَبْلَ. For example, if you want to say "before eating", you would say قَبْلَ الأَكْلِ.
It's often followed by a noun in the genitive case, or a pronoun. So, you might hear قَبْلَ الظُّهْرِ (before noon) or قَبْلَ أَنْ تَذْهَبَ (before you go, using "an" to introduce a verb).
Think of it as a time marker, helping you sequence events clearly in Arabic.
When discussing advanced Arabic, it's useful to understand how prepositions like "قَبْلَ" (before) can add nuance. While at A2, you learned its basic meaning, at C1, you'll encounter its more flexible uses. For instance, it can introduce not just time but also a sequence of events or even a precedence in importance. Recognizing these expanded roles will help you grasp more complex sentence structures and express yourself with greater precision in Arabic.
قَبْلَ 30秒で
- قَبْلَ is a preposition.
- It means 'before'.
- Used for time or position.
知っておくべき文法
When قَبْلَ (qabla) is followed by a noun, the noun is in the genitive case (majrūr).
جِئْتُ قَبْلَ الْوَلَدِ. (I came before the boy.)
قَبْلَ (qabla) can be used as an adverb without a following noun, meaning 'beforehand' or 'previously'.
اِغْسِلْ يَدَيْكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَأْكُلَ. (Wash your hands before you eat.)
When قَبْلَ (qabla) is followed by a verb, it is usually followed by أَنْ (an) and the subjunctive mood.
قَرَأْتُ الْكِتَابَ قَبْلَ النَّوْمِ. (I read the book before sleeping.)
قَبْلَ (qabla) can be used in a temporal context to indicate an event happening earlier in time.
تَعَشَّيْنَا قَبْلَ مُغَادَرَتِهِم. (We had dinner before their departure.)
قَبْلَ (qabla) can be part of idiomatic expressions, such as مِنْ قَبْلُ (min qablu), meaning 'from before' or 'already'.
هَذَا لَمْ يَحْدُثْ مِنْ قَبْلُ. (This has not happened before.)
レベル別の例文
أَنَا أَسْتَيْقِظُ قَبْلَ الشَّمْسِ.
I wake up before the sun.
هَلْ تَذْهَبُ إِلَى الْعَمَلِ قَبْلَ الصَّبَاحِ؟
Do you go to work before the morning?
نَحْنُ نَأْكُلُ الْفُطُورَ قَبْلَ الدَّرْسِ.
We eat breakfast before the lesson.
هُمْ يَشْرَبُونَ الْمَاءَ قَبْلَ الرِّيَاضَةِ.
They drink water before sports.
هِيَ تَقْرَأُ الْكِتَابَ قَبْلَ النَّوْمِ.
She reads the book before sleeping.
هُوَ يَلْعَبُ قَبْلَ الْغَدَاءِ.
He plays before lunch.
الْقِطَّةُ تَجْرِي قَبْلَ الْكَلْبِ.
The cat runs before the dog.
أَنْتُمْ تَصِلُونَ قَبْلَ الْحَفْلَةِ.
You all arrive before the party.
هل يمكننا أن نلتقي قبل الساعة الثالثة؟
Can we meet before three o'clock?
Here 'قبل' is followed by a definite time.
سأصل قبل أن تبدأ الحفلة.
I will arrive before the party starts.
In this case, 'قبل أن' is used with a verb to indicate 'before doing something'.
قبل السفر، تأكد من حجز الفندق.
Before traveling, make sure to book the hotel.
'قبل' is used here with a masdar (verbal noun) 'السفر' meaning 'before the travel'.
قرأت الكتاب كاملاً قبل النوم.
I read the whole book before sleeping.
Similar to the previous example, 'قبل النوم' means 'before sleep'.
هل أنت مستعد قبل الامتحان؟
Are you ready before the exam?
'قبل' is followed by a noun 'الامتحان' (the exam).
يجب أن نفكر جيداً قبل اتخاذ أي قرار.
We must think carefully before making any decision.
'قبل اتخاذ' combines 'before' with a masdar 'اتخاذ' (making).
وصلت الشرطة إلى مكان الحادث قبل وصول سيارة الإسعاف.
The police arrived at the scene before the ambulance arrived.
'قبل وصول' uses 'before' with a masdar indicating 'before the arrival of'.
أكمل عملك قبل نهاية الدوام.
Finish your work before the end of the shift.
'قبل نهاية' means 'before the end of'.
使い方
Use قَبْلَ to indicate an event or action happening earlier than another. It can be followed by a noun, a pronoun, or a verb in the subjunctive mood (often preceded by أَنْ). When followed by a noun, it directly precedes the noun. When followed by a verb, it is usually followed by أَنْ + subjunctive verb.
A common mistake is confusing قَبْلَ (before) with بَعْدَ (after). Remember, قَبْلَ means earlier than, while بَعْدَ means later than. Another mistake is forgetting to use أَنْ before a verb in the subjunctive mood when expressing 'before doing something'.
自分をテスト 30 問
Write a short sentence saying 'before the lesson' in Arabic.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
قبل الدرس.
Write a short sentence saying 'before I eat' in Arabic.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
قبل أن آكل.
Translate 'I drink water before sleep' into Arabic.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
أشرب الماء قبل النوم.
متى يذهب الشخص إلى العمل؟ (When does the person go to work?)
Read this passage:
أنا أذهب إلى العمل قبل الساعة الثامنة. أنا أتناول الفطور قبل العمل. ماذا تفعل قبل العمل؟
متى يذهب الشخص إلى العمل؟ (When does the person go to work?)
The passage states 'أنا أذهب إلى العمل قبل الساعة الثامنة' which means 'I go to work before 8 o'clock'.
The passage states 'أنا أذهب إلى العمل قبل الساعة الثامنة' which means 'I go to work before 8 o'clock'.
ماذا يفعل الشخص قبل النوم؟ (What does the person do before sleep?)
Read this passage:
أنا أقرأ كتابًا قبل النوم. هذا يساعدني على الاسترخاء. هل تقرأ قبل النوم؟
ماذا يفعل الشخص قبل النوم؟ (What does the person do before sleep?)
The passage says 'أنا أقرأ كتابًا قبل النوم' which means 'I read a book before sleep'.
The passage says 'أنا أقرأ كتابًا قبل النوم' which means 'I read a book before sleep'.
متى يستمع الشخص إلى الموسيقى؟ (When does the person listen to music?)
Read this passage:
أنا أستمع إلى الموسيقى قبل الدرس. هذا يجعلني مركزًا. أنت تستمع إلى الموسيقى قبل الدرس؟
متى يستمع الشخص إلى الموسيقى؟ (When does the person listen to music?)
The passage clearly states 'أنا أستمع إلى الموسيقى قبل الدرس' which translates to 'I listen to music before the lesson'.
The passage clearly states 'أنا أستمع إلى الموسيقى قبل الدرس' which translates to 'I listen to music before the lesson'.
This sentence means 'I traveled to Paris a week ago.' The word 'قبل' comes before the time period.
This sentence means 'I eat my breakfast before work.' 'قبل' indicates something happening earlier.
This sentence means 'I will go to the market before the evening.' 'قبل' specifies the timing.
Before you go, make sure you closed the door.
Did you meet me before this meeting?
I always review my lessons before the exam.
Read this aloud:
قبل أن تبدأ، استمع جيداً للتعليمات.
Focus: قَبْلَ أَنْ
あなたの回答：
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Read this aloud:
يجب أن تصل قبل الساعة السابعة.
Focus: تَصِلَ قَبْلَ
あなたの回答：
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Read this aloud:
هل قرأت الكتاب قبل أن تشاهده؟
Focus: قَرَأْتَ الْكِتَابَ قَبْلَ
あなたの回答：
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Before we start the meeting, let's review the agenda.
You should think carefully before making any important decision.
The guests arrived five minutes before the scheduled time.
Read this aloud:
قبل أن تسافر، تأكد من حجز الفندق.
Focus: qabla an tusafir, ta'akkad min ḥajz al-funduq.
あなたの回答：
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Read this aloud:
هل أنهيت واجباتك قبل الخروج للعب؟
Focus: hal anhayt wajibatuk qabla al-khuruj lil-la'b?
あなたの回答：
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Read this aloud:
قبل أن تطهو الطعام، اغسل يديك جيداً.
Focus: qabla an taṭhuw aṭ-ṭa'am, ighsil yadayk jayyidan.
あなたの回答：
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This sentence means 'He arrived three hours before the meeting.' The preposition 'قبل' (before) precedes the noun it modifies, 'الاجتماع' (the meeting), and then the duration 'بثلاث ساعات' (by three hours) follows.
This sentence means 'You must read the document before signing.' The verb 'يجب' (must) is followed by the masdar 'قراءة' (reading) of the object 'الوثيقة' (the document), then 'قبل' (before) and the masdar 'التوقيع' (the signing).
This sentence means 'We must wake up before dawn.' The verb 'يجب' (must) is followed by 'أن' (that) and the subjunctive verb 'نستيقظ' (we wake up), then 'قبل' (before) and the noun 'الفجر' (dawn).
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Summary
Remember that قَبْلَ (qabla) is a very common preposition meaning 'before' and is essential for discussing sequence in Arabic.
- قَبْلَ is a preposition.
- It means 'before'.
- Used for time or position.
関連コンテンツ
generalの関連語
عادةً
A1この副詞は、普段通りや通常の方法で起こることを表します。「普段は」と言うような感じです。
عادةً ما
B2この副詞は、通常、物事がほとんどの場合に起こることを意味します。
إعداد
B2食べ物やプロジェクトなど、何かを準備する手順や過程のことです。
عاضد
B2誰かの助けになる、支えるという意味の動詞です。特に、相手が困っている時に使います。
عادي
A1これは、普通の日常のような、典型的で普段通りのことを意味する言葉です。
عاقبة
B1行動の結果であり、しばしば望ましくない、あるいは否定的なものです。
أعلى
A1この言葉は、より高い方向や位置を示します。「上へ」動くことを考えてみてください。
عال
B1これは、音の高さやレベルが高いことを表す言葉だよ。例えば、高い音や高い価格など。
عالٍ
A2とても大きな音や、高い場所にあるものを表すときに使うよ。
عَالَمِيّ
B1世界規模であること。地球全体に関わることや、世界中で通用することを指すよ。
