خافَ 30秒で
- A core Arabic verb meaning 'to fear' or 'be afraid of'.
- Uses the preposition 'min' for the object and 'ala' for concern.
- Follows the hollow verb conjugation pattern (khaafa vs. khiftu).
- Essential for expressing basic emotions and social anxieties.
The Arabic verb خافَ (khaafa) is a foundational element of the Arabic language, categorized as a hollow verb (Fi'l Ajwaf) because its middle radical is a weak letter. In its primary sense, it translates to 'to fear' or 'to be afraid.' However, the depth of this word in Arabic culture and linguistics extends far beyond a simple emotional reaction. It encompasses a spectrum of feelings ranging from the instinctual terror one might feel when facing a wild animal to the profound, existential dread or reverent awe associated with spiritual or moral responsibility. In everyday conversation, you will hear it used to describe common phobias, anxieties about the future, or social hesitations. The beauty of this verb lies in its simplicity and its ability to connect the physical sensation of fear with the intellectual acknowledgment of danger.
- Grammatical Classification
- It is a triliteral verb based on the root (kh-w-f). In the past tense, it appears as 'khaafa', but the middle 'waw' reveals itself in the verbal noun 'khawf'.
- Semantic Range
- While 'khaafa' is the general term for fear, it is often distinguished from 'khashiya' (a fear based on knowledge and respect) and 'rahaba' (a fear that leads to caution or avoidance).
When using this verb, it is almost always followed by the preposition مِن (min), which means 'from' or 'of'. For example, if you want to say 'I am afraid of the dark,' you would say 'Akhaafu min al-zalaam.' This structure suggests that the fear originates from the object, placing the subject in a state of being affected by that external source. In more complex sentence structures, 'khaafa' can also be followed by the particle 'an' to indicate a fear that something might happen, such as fearing that a secret will be revealed or fearing that a loved one might get hurt.
لا تَخَفْ، أَنَا مَعَكَ دَائِمًا.
Historically, the concept of fear in Arabic literature is tied to the desert environment. The ancient Arabs 'feared' the harsh elements, the loss of livestock, and the unpredictability of tribal warfare. Thus, the verb carries a weight of survival. In modern contexts, this has shifted to more contemporary anxieties, such as the fear of failure in examinations or the fear of economic instability. Despite these changes, the core phonetic structure—starting with the harsh 'kh' sound—remains evocative of the sharp intake of breath one might experience when startled.
In a psychological context, 'khaafa' is used to describe both rational and irrational fears. A psychologist might ask a patient, 'Mamma takhaafu?' (What do you fear?), using the verb to open a door into the person's subconscious. It is also a common theme in Arabic poetry, where the lover 'fears' the departure of the beloved or 'fears' the prying eyes of the critics (al-wushaah). This versatility makes it one of the top 500 most important verbs to master for any student of the Arabic language.
The syntax of خافَ (khaafa) is relatively straightforward but requires attention to its conjugation as a hollow verb. Because the middle letter is a weak 'alif' (representing an original 'waw'), it disappears or changes when certain suffixes are added, particularly in the past tense when conjugated with 'I', 'we', 'you', or 'they (feminine)'. For example, 'I feared' becomes khiftu, not khaaftu. This vowel shortening is a critical rule for learners to internalize early on.
- Past Tense Conjugation
- Huwa khaafa (He feared), Hiya khaafat (She feared), Ana khiftu (I feared), Nahnu khifna (We feared).
- Present Tense Conjugation
- Huwa yakhaafu (He fears), Hiya takhaafu (She fears), Ana akhaafu (I fear), Nahnu nakhaafu (We fear).
الرَّجُلُ يَخَافُ مِنَ المُرْتَفَعَاتِ.
One of the most common sentence patterns involves the use of 'khaafa' with 'min' followed by a noun. This is the standard way to express being afraid of something. However, you can also use 'khaafa' with 'ala' (on/for) when you are expressing fear *for* someone's safety or well-being. This distinction is vital: 'Akhaafu minka' means 'I am afraid of you,' whereas 'Akhaafu alaika' means 'I am afraid for you' (I am worried about you). This subtle change in preposition completely alters the emotional dynamic of the sentence.
In formal Arabic (Modern Standard Arabic), 'khaafa' is often used in political discourse to describe the 'fears' of a nation or an organization. For instance, 'The government fears an escalation of the conflict' would be 'Takhaafu al-hukuuma min tas'eed al-siraa'. Here, the verb takes a collective subject. In literature, it can be used to describe internal states: 'Khaafa 'ala nafsihi' (He feared for himself), suggesting a sense of self-preservation or a moment of realization of danger.
- Common Object Patterns
- Fear of God (al-khawf min Allah), Fear of the unknown (al-khawf min al-majhuul), Fear of failure (al-khawf min al-fashal).
لِمَاذَا خِفْتَ مِنَ الحَقِيقَةِ؟
The verb خافَ is ubiquitous across the Arab world, appearing in news broadcasts, religious sermons, classical poetry, and daily street slang. In the media, news anchors often use it to report on global anxieties: 'The world fears a new pandemic' (Al-aalam yakhaafu min jayiha jadeeda). This usage is formal and precise. In the context of religious life, the word takes on a spiritual dimension. It is used to describe the 'fear of God' (Taqwa), which is not just terror but a mindful awareness that prevents one from committing sins. In mosques, you will frequently hear 'Khaaf Allah' (Fear God) as a call to ethical behavior and righteousness.
لَا تَخَفْ، كُلُّ شَيْءٍ سَيَكُونُ بِخَيْرٍ.
In colloquial dialects, the pronunciation might shift slightly, but the root remains recognizable. In Levantine Arabic (Shami), you might hear 'Ma tkhaaf' (Don't worry/Don't fear), often used as a comforting phrase between friends. In Egyptian Arabic, the 'kh' is pronounced quite strongly, and it's common to hear 'Mubakhaafsh' (I am not afraid). Movie dialogues are rich with this word, especially in dramas and thrillers where characters confront their enemies or their pasts. A hero might say, 'Ana la akhaafu minka' (I do not fear you), asserting his courage.
You will also encounter 'khaafa' in children's stories and educational cartoons. It is one of the first emotional verbs taught to children to help them express their feelings. A child might say, 'Akhaafu min al-kalb' (I am afraid of the dog). Furthermore, the word appears in many idiomatic expressions. For example, 'Khaaf min al-hadi' (Fear the quiet one), which is similar to the English proverb 'Still waters run deep,' suggesting that one should be cautious of people who do not reveal their thoughts easily.
- Public Safety Signs
- While signs usually use words like 'Hazar' (Caution), the concept of 'khawf' is used in warnings about dangerous areas or wild animals in nature reserves.
- News Headlines
- 'Al-aswaaq takhaafu min al-tadhakhum' (The markets fear inflation) is a common headline in financial newspapers like Al-Eqtisadiah.
Learning to use خافَ correctly involves navigating several linguistic pitfalls. The most common mistake for English speakers is applying the wrong preposition. In English, we say 'afraid OF,' but in Arabic, the preposition 'min' (from) is used. Beginners sometimes try to use 'li' or 'bi', which is incorrect. Another frequent error relates to the conjugation of hollow verbs. Because the 'alif' disappears in the past tense for first and second person (e.g., 'khiftu' instead of 'khaaftu'), students often mistakenly try to keep the long vowel, making the word sound unnatural or unrecognizable.
- The 'Alif' Deletion
- Incorrect: Ana khaaftu. Correct: Ana khiftu. The long vowel must be dropped when the following letter has a sukun.
- Preposition Confusion
- Incorrect: Akhaafu bi-al-zalaam. Correct: Akhaafu min al-zalaam. Always use 'min' for the object of fear.
لَا تَخَافِي يَا صَغِيرَتِي.
Confusion also arises between 'khaafa' (to fear) and its causative form 'akhwafa' (to frighten someone). If you want to say 'The movie frightened me,' you should use 'akhwafani al-film,' not 'khaaftu al-film.' The latter would mean 'I feared the movie,' which is grammatically possible but less common when describing the act of being scared by something. Understanding the difference between Form I (khaafa) and Form IV (akhwafa) is a major step in advancing from A2 to B1 level Arabic.
Lastly, students often confuse 'khaafa' with 'khashiya'. While both mean 'to fear,' 'khashiya' is more formal and often carries a connotation of reverence or intellectual apprehension. Using 'khashiya' in a casual conversation about being afraid of a spider would sound overly dramatic or archaic. Conversely, using 'khaafa' in a high-level philosophical text might sometimes feel too simplistic if the author is trying to convey a sense of 'awe.' Choosing the right synonym based on context is key to sounding like a native speaker.
Arabic is a language of incredible lexical richness, especially when it comes to emotions. While خافَ is the most common verb for fear, there are several alternatives that offer more specific nuances. Understanding these can help you describe feelings with greater precision. For example, if you are not just afraid but 'terrified' or 'panicked,' you might use the verb فَزِعَ (fazi'a). This implies a sudden, sharp fear that causes one to jump or lose composure. Another common word is رَعَبَ (ra'aba), which refers to a deep, paralyzing horror.
- Khashiya (خَشِيَ)
- Used for a fear mixed with respect or knowledge. It is the type of fear one has for a respected teacher or for the consequences of a complex law.
- Wajila (وَجِلَ)
- A more literary term describing a trembling or fluttering of the heart due to fear or apprehension. It is often found in the Quran and classical poetry.
إِنَّمَا يَخْشَى اللَّهَ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ الْعُلَمَاءُ.
If you want to express 'worry' rather than 'fear,' you should use the verb قَلِقَ (qaliqa). While fear is usually a reaction to a specific threat, 'qalaq' is a more general state of anxiety. For example, 'I fear the exam' (Akhaafu min al-imtihaan) implies the exam is scary, whereas 'I am worried about the exam' (Ana qaliq bi-sha'n al-imtihaan) suggests a lingering stress. Additionally, the verb هَابَ (haaba) is used for 'awe' or 'dread' of someone with great authority or majesty. You might 'haaba' a king or a formidable opponent.
Comparing 'khaafa' with 'ittaqaa' is also useful. 'Ittaqaa' (from the same root as Taqwa) means to protect oneself or to be wary. While 'khaafa' describes the emotion, 'ittaqaa' describes the action taken because of that emotion—guarding oneself against harm. This distinction is central to Islamic theology but also appears in secular contexts when discussing safety measures or 'fearing' the repercussions of an action.
How Formal Is It?
豆知識
In Arabic, the word for 'scarecrow' is 'fazzaa'a', but 'khawwaaf' is used to describe a person who is easily scared by one!
発音ガイド
- Pronouncing 'kh' as a simple 'k' or 'h'. It must be raspy.
- Shortening the 'aa' in the 3rd person singular (khafa instead of khaafa).
- Keeping the 'aa' in the 1st person singular (khaaftu instead of khiftu).
- Failing to distinguish between the 'f' and other labial sounds.
- Incorrectly stressing the second syllable.
難易度
Easy to recognize in texts once the root is known.
Requires mastering the hollow verb vowel shifts (khaafa vs khiftu).
Requires correct pronunciation of the 'kh' sound and proper preposition usage.
Commonly used and easily heard in daily speech.
次に学ぶべきこと
前提知識
次に学ぶ
上級
知っておくべき文法
Hollow Verb Conjugation (Ajwaf)
In the past tense, the 'alif' of 'khaafa' drops if the suffix starts with a consonant (e.g., khiftu).
Prepositional Usage
Use 'min' for the object of fear and 'ala' for the object of concern.
Jussive Mood
After 'lam', the present tense 'yakhaafu' becomes 'yakhaf' (vowel shortening).
Subjunctive Mood
After 'an', the present tense 'yakhaafu' remains 'yakhaafa' (fatha on the end).
Verbal Noun (Masdar)
The masdar of 'khaafa' is 'khawf', which acts as a noun.
レベル別の例文
أَنَا أَخَافُ مِنَ القِطَّةِ.
I fear the cat.
Uses 'Akhaafu' (1st person singular present) + 'min' (of).
هُوَ يَخَافُ مِنَ الكَلْبِ.
He is afraid of the dog.
Uses 'Yakhaafu' (3rd person masculine singular present).
لَا تَخَفْ يَا صَدِيقِي.
Don't fear, my friend.
Imperative negation 'La' + jussive 'takhaf'.
هَلْ تَخَافُ مِنَ الظَّلَامِ؟
Do you fear the dark?
Question form using 'Hal'.
البِنْتُ تَخَافُ مِنَ الأَسَدِ.
The girl is afraid of the lion.
3rd person feminine singular 'takhaafu'.
نَحْنُ نَخَافُ مِنَ المَطَرِ.
We are afraid of the rain.
1st person plural 'nakhaafu'.
أُمِّي تَخَافُ عَلَيَّ.
My mother fears for me.
Uses 'ala' to mean 'fear for'.
الرَّجُلُ لَا يَخَافُ.
The man does not fear.
Simple negation with 'la'.
خِفْتُ مِنَ الِامْتِحَانِ أَمْسِ.
I feared the exam yesterday.
Past tense 'khiftu' showing the vowel change from 'aa' to 'i'.
هَلْ خِفْتَ مِنَ العَاصِفَةِ؟
Did you fear the storm?
2nd person masculine past 'khifta'.
خَافَ الطِّفْلُ لَمَّا رَأَى الغَرِيبَ.
The child feared when he saw the stranger.
3rd person masculine past 'khaafa'.
نَحْنُ لَمْ نَخَفْ مِنَ التَّحَدِّي.
We did not fear the challenge.
Negation with 'lam' + jussive 'nakhaf'.
خَافَتِ المَرْأَةُ عَلَى مَالِهَا.
The woman feared for her money.
3rd person feminine past 'khaafat'.
يَخَافُ الطُّلَّابُ مِنَ الرُّسُوبِ.
The students fear failing.
Present tense plural subject 'Al-tullaab'.
لِمَاذَا خِفْتِ مِنَ القِيَادَةِ؟
Why did you (fem.) fear driving?
2nd person feminine past 'khifti'.
خَافُوا أَنْ يَفْقِدُوا الطَّرِيقَ.
They feared they would lose the way.
3rd person plural past 'khaafuu' + 'an'.
يَخَافُ النَّاسُ مِنَ المَسْتَقْبَلِ الغَامِضِ.
People fear the mysterious future.
Abstract noun 'al-mustaqbal' as the object.
خِفْنَا أَنْ تَمْطُرَ السَّمَاءُ أَثْنَاءَ الرِّحْلَةِ.
We feared that it would rain during the trip.
Past tense 'khifna' + 'an' + subjunctive verb.
لَا تَخَفْ مِنَ الفَشَلِ، بَلْ تَعَلَّمْ مِنْهُ.
Do not fear failure, but learn from it.
Imperative negation used in an encouraging context.
يَخَافُ المُدِيرُ عَلَى سُمْعَةِ الشَّرِكَةِ.
The manager fears for the company's reputation.
Use of 'ala' for professional concern.
كُنْتُ أَخَافُ مِنَ السِّبَاحَةِ عِنْدَمَا كُنْتُ صَغِيرًا.
I used to fear swimming when I was young.
Past continuous 'Kuntu akhaafu'.
خَافَ السُّكَّانُ مِنْ هُبُوطِ أَسْعَارِ المَنَازِلِ.
The residents feared the drop in house prices.
Economic context of fear.
يَخَافُ العُمَّالُ أَنْ يَفْقِدُوا وَظَائِفَهُمْ.
The workers fear they might lose their jobs.
Social fear in a professional setting.
خَافَتِ المُمَثِّلَةُ مِنَ الوُقُوفِ عَلَى المَسْرَحِ.
The actress feared standing on the stage.
Gerund 'al-wuquuf' as the object.
خَافَ القَائِدُ مِنْ خِيَانَةِ بَعْضِ جُنُودِهِ.
The leader feared the betrayal of some of his soldiers.
Complex noun phrase as the object of 'min'.
يَخَافُ العُلَمَاءُ مِنْ تَأْثِيرِ التَّغَيُّرِ المُنَاخِيِّ.
Scientists fear the impact of climate change.
Scientific and global context.
خِفْتُ أَنْ أَكُونَ قَدْ أَزْعَجْتُكَ بِاتِّصَالِي.
I feared that I might have disturbed you with my call.
Complex 'an' clause with 'qad' and past tense.
تَخَافُ الحُكُومَةُ مِنِ انْدِلَاعِ احْتِجَاجَاتٍ جَدِيدَةٍ.
The government fears the breakout of new protests.
Political terminology.
خَافَ الكَاتِبُ أَنْ لَا يُفْهَمَ مَغْزَى رِوَايَتِهِ.
The writer feared that the meaning of his novel wouldn't be understood.
Negated 'an' clause 'an la'.
يَخَافُ المُسْتَثْمِرُونَ مِنَ التَّقَلُّبَاتِ فِي البُورْصَةِ.
Investors fear the fluctuations in the stock market.
Financial vocabulary.
خَافَتِ المُنَظَّمَةُ عَلَى سَلَامَةِ مُوَظَّفِيهَا فِي الخَارِجِ.
The organization feared for the safety of its employees abroad.
Use of 'ala' for institutional concern.
لَا يَخَافُ إِلَّا مَنْ كَانَ ضَمِيرُهُ غَيْرَ مُرْتَاحٍ.
Only he whose conscience is not at ease feels fear.
Philosophical usage with 'illa' for restriction.
خَافَ الفَيْلَسُوفُ مِنْ ضَيَاعِ الهُوِيَّةِ فِي عَصْرِ العَوْلَمَةِ.
The philosopher feared the loss of identity in the age of globalization.
High-level abstract concepts.
لَمْ يَكُنْ يَخَافُ المَوْتَ بِقَدْرِ مَا كَانَ يَخَافُ النِّسْيَانَ.
He did not fear death as much as he feared being forgotten.
Comparative structure 'bi-qadri ma'.
خَافَ النَّاقِدُ أَنْ تَطْغَى المَادِّيَّةُ عَلَى القِيَمِ الرُّوحِيَّةِ.
The critic feared that materialism would overshadow spiritual values.
Subjunctive clause with 'an'.
يَخَافُ المَرْءُ مِمَّا يَجْهَلُهُ أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا يَعْلَمُهُ.
One fears what one is ignorant of more than what one knows.
Generic 'Al-mar'' (One/A person).
خَافَتِ الدُّوَلُ النَّامِيَةُ مِنْ تَبِعَاتِ الدُّيُونِ الخَارِجِيَّةِ.
Developing countries feared the consequences of external debts.
Geopolitical context.
خِفْتُ أَنْ تَكُونَ الحَقِيقَةُ أَكْثَرَ مَرَارَةً مِنَ الخَيَالِ.
I feared that the truth might be more bitter than fiction.
Metaphorical usage.
يَخَافُ المُؤْمِنُ مِنْ أَنْ يَحِيدَ عَنْ طَرِيقِ الحَقِّ.
The believer fears straying from the path of truth.
Spiritual context.
خَافَ الطَّبِيبُ مِنْ عَدَمِ اسْتِجَابَةِ المَرِيضِ لِلْعِلَاجِ.
The doctor feared the patient's lack of response to the treatment.
Medical context.
خَافَ الشَّاعِرُ مِنْ جَفَافِ قَرِيحَتِهِ وَانْقِطَاعِ إِلْهَامِهِ.
The poet feared the drying up of his talent and the cessation of his inspiration.
Literary vocabulary 'qareeha' (innate talent).
كَانَ يَخَافُ أَنْ تُؤَوَّلَ كَلِمَاتُهُ عَلَى غَيْرِ مَحْمَلِهَا.
He feared that his words would be interpreted in a way they were not intended.
Passive subjunctive 'tu'awwala'.
خَافَ السِّيَاسِيُّ مِنْ تَأَلُّبِ الرَّأْيِ العَامِّ ضِدَّهُ.
The politician feared the ganging up of public opinion against him.
Advanced term 'ta'allub' (rallying/ganging up).
خِفْتُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الصَّمْتُ بَيْنَنَا قَدْ أَصْبَحَ أَبَدِيًّا.
I feared that the silence between us had become eternal.
Poetic and emotional depth.
يَخَافُ المُفَكِّرُ مِنِ انْحِسَارِ مَدِّ التَّنْوِيرِ فِي المُجْتَمَعِ.
The thinker fears the receding of the wave of enlightenment in society.
Metaphorical 'inhisaar' (receding).
خَافَ المَلِكُ مِنْ ضَيَاعِ مَجْدِ أَجْدَادِهِ تَحْتَ وَطْأَةِ الزَّمَنِ.
The king feared the loss of his ancestors' glory under the weight of time.
Classical Arabic style.
خَافَتِ البَشَرِيَّةُ مِنْ أَنْ تَقْضِيَ التِّكْنُولُوجِيَا عَلَى الإِنْسَانِيَّةِ.
Humanity feared that technology would eliminate humanity.
Existential subject matter.
لَا يَخَافُ المَوتَ مَنْ عَاشَ حَيَاتَهُ بِإِخْلَاصٍ لِمَبَادِئِهِ.
He who lived his life with sincerity to his principles does not fear death.
Complex relative clause 'man 'aasha...'.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
よく混同される語
Means 'to become light' or 'to decrease'. It has a shadda on the 'fa' and a short 'a' in the middle.
Means 'to be hidden'. Different root and different meaning entirely.
Means 'to follow' or 'to succeed someone'. Often confused by beginners due to similar letters.
慣用句と表現
— To be excessively paranoid or easily frightened.
بعد الحادث، أصبح يخاف من هبة الريح.
Informal— A dialectal way of saying watch out for the quiet ones.
كن حذراً منه، خف من الهادئ.
Dialectal— Extreme fear that physically affects the body.
كان منظراً مرعباً، الخوف يقطع الجوف.
Literary— To fear losing one's position of power.
الوزير يخاف على الكرسي أكثر من مصلحة الشعب.
Political— To be concerned only with one's own skin/survival.
في وقت الأزمة، كل واحد يخاف على جلده.
Slang— To be anxious about what tomorrow/the future holds.
لا تعش في قلق، لا تخف من بكرة.
Neutral— Similar to 'speak of the devil' or 'what you fear most will happen'.
كن شجاعاً، فالذي يخاف من العفريت يطلع له.
Proverb— To be careful not to hurt someone's feelings.
لم يقل له الحقيقة لأنه خاف على مشاعره.
Emotional— To be restricted by social pressure and gossip.
هي لا تخرج كثيراً لأنها تخاف من كلام الناس.
Social間違えやすい
Looks like the present tense 'I fear'.
Can also be the Form IV 'to frighten someone' (akhwafa) in some contexts, though usually spelled differently with vowels.
أخافَني الأسد (The lion frightened me).
It is the noun form.
The verb is an action (to fear), while the noun is the emotion itself (fear).
الخوف طبيعي (Fear is natural).
It is the adjective form.
Use 'kha'if' to describe a person's state: 'Ana kha'if' (I am afraid). Use 'khaafa' for the action.
الرجل خائف (The man is afraid).
Similar root.
This is an intensive adjective meaning 'cowardly' or 'very fearful'.
لا تكن خوافاً (Don't be a coward).
Often used interchangeably in English descriptions.
This describes the object that causes fear, not the person feeling it.
الفيلم مخيف (The movie is scary).
文型パターン
Subject + akhaafu min + Noun
Ana akhaafu min al-bard.
Khiftu min + Noun
Khiftu min al-kilaab.
La takhaf min + Noun
La takhaf min al-mustaqbal.
Subject + yakhaafu ala + Person
Huwa yakhaafu ala ibnihi.
Subject + khaafa an + Verb (subjunctive)
Khaafa an yafshala.
Khawfan min + Noun, Subject + Verb
Khawfan min al-matar, baqiya fi al-bayt.
Subject + lam yakhaf + Noun
Al-batal lam yakhaf al-mawt.
Subject + yakhaafu mimma + Verb
Al-insaan yakhaafu mimma la ya'rifuhu.
語族
名詞
動詞
形容詞
関連
使い方
Extremely high; among the top 50 verbs in modern Arabic usage.
-
Ana khaaftu
→
Ana khiftu
The long 'alif' must be removed in the first person past tense.
-
Akhaafu bi-al-kalb
→
Akhaafu min al-kalb
The correct preposition for 'afraid of' is 'min'.
-
Huwa yakhaf min
→
Huwa yakhaafu min
In the indicative present tense, the long 'aa' remains.
-
La takhaf (to a woman)
→
La takhaafi
The feminine singular imperative requires the 'ya' suffix.
-
Khaaftu ala al-imtihaan
→
Khiftu min al-imtihaan
Use 'min' for the thing you are afraid will harm you (the exam). Use 'ala' for things you want to protect.
ヒント
The Kasra Rule
When the 'alif' drops in the past tense for 'khaafa', the first letter always takes a kasra (i). This helps distinguish it from other hollow verbs like 'qaala' which take a damma (qultu).
Min vs. Ala
Remember: 'Min' = Afraid OF. 'Ala' = Afraid FOR. This is one of the most common mistakes for learners.
Comforting Others
Use 'La takhaf' frequently in conversation to sound more empathetic and natural when someone is nervous.
Root Recognition
Look for the letters Kh-W-F. Any word with these three will relate to fear, scaring, or being afraid.
Religious Nuance
In a religious context, 'khawf' is a positive trait of the heart. Don't assume it always means a negative phobia.
Subjunctive use
When using 'khaafa an', make sure the following verb is in the subjunctive mood (usually ends in a fatha).
Dialect Watch
In some dialects, the 'kh' might be softer or harder, but the 'f' at the end is always clear.
The 'F' is for Fear
Both 'Fear' and 'Khaafa' end with an 'f' sound (or start with it in English). Let that be your anchor.
Long Vowels
In 'yakhaafu', the 'aa' is long. Don't rush it, or it might sound like a different word.
Form IV
Once you master 'khaafa', learn 'akhwafa' (to scare). It's the logical next step in your verb journey.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Think of the 'KH' sound as a sharp intake of breath when you are scared. The 'AA' is your mouth staying open in shock, and the 'FA' is the final puff of air as you try to speak.
視覚的連想
Visualize a person standing on a high 'CLiff' (sounds a bit like 'khif' in 'khiftu'). They are afraid (khaafa) of falling.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Try to list three things you 'khaafa min' (fear of) and three things you 'khaafa ala' (fear for) using full Arabic sentences.
語源
The word 'khaafa' stems from the Proto-Semitic root *kh-w-f, which is associated with the feeling of fear and physical trembling. It has cognates in other Semitic languages like Hebrew (yare - though different root, the concept is central) and Aramaic.
元の意味： The original sense likely involved the physical reaction to danger, specifically the act of withdrawing or seeking shelter.
Afroasiatic, Semitic, Central Semitic, Arabic.文化的な背景
Be careful when calling someone a 'khawwaaf' (coward) as it is a strong insult in many Arab honor-based cultures.
In English, 'fear' is often seen as something to 'conquer,' whereas in Arabic, 'khawf' is often seen as a natural signal to be respected or a spiritual state to be cultivated.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
Education
- خاف من الرسوب
- خاف من المعلم
- خاف من الامتحان
- خاف من التنمر
Health
- خاف من العدوى
- خاف من الموت
- خاف من الإبرة
- خاف من المرض
Travel
- خاف من الطيران
- خاف من الضياع
- خاف من الغرباء
- خاف من البحر
Social
- خاف من الفضيحة
- خاف من الوحدة
- خاف من كلام الناس
- خاف من الرفض
Religious
- خاف الله
- خاف من يوم القيامة
- خاف من العقاب
- مخافة الله
会話のきっかけ
"مما كنت تخاف عندما كنت طفلاً؟ (What did you fear when you were a child?)"
"هل تخاف من تجربة الأطعمة الجديدة؟ (Do you fear trying new foods?)"
"لماذا يخاف الناس من التغيير برأيك؟ (Why do people fear change in your opinion?)"
"هل تخاف من المرتفعات أم من الأماكن المغلقة؟ (Do you fear heights or enclosed spaces?)"
"كيف تتغلب على الخوف من التحدث أمام الجمهور؟ (How do you overcome the fear of public speaking?)"
日記のテーマ
اكتب عن موقف شعرت فيه بخوف شديد وكيف تصرفت. (Write about a situation where you felt great fear and how you acted.)
هل تعتقد أن الخوف شيء إيجابي أم سلبي؟ ولماذا؟ (Do you think fear is a positive or negative thing? Why?)
صف شيئاً كنت تخاف منه في الماضي ولم تعد تخاف منه الآن. (Describe something you feared in the past and no longer fear now.)
كيف يؤثر الخوف على قرارات الإنسان في الحياة؟ (How does fear affect a person's decisions in life?)
تحدث عن شخص شجاع تعرفه ولا يخاف من الصعاب. (Talk about a brave person you know who doesn't fear difficulties.)
よくある質問
10 問Usually, yes, when identifying the source of fear. However, you use 'ala' to express worry for someone's safety, and you can use 'an' to introduce a clause describing what you fear might happen.
'Khaafa' is the general word for fear. 'Khashiya' is more formal and implies a fear accompanied by respect, awe, or deep knowledge of the consequences.
The 'alif' is dropped and the first letter takes a kasra: 'Khiftu' (خِفْتُ). This is a standard rule for this class of hollow verbs.
Yes, it is often used that way, though 'qaliqa' is more precise for general anxiety. 'Akhaafu' is better for a specific threat.
Yes, very frequently. It is used both for the fear of enemies and the reverent fear of God (Taqwa).
For a male: 'Khaf' (خَفْ). For a female: 'Khaafi' (خَافِي). For a group: 'Khaafuu' (خَافُوا).
You use the related word 'mukheef' (مُخِيف). For example: 'qissa mukheefa' (a scary story).
In Arabic grammar, when a weak letter (like alif) is followed by a letter with a sukun (like the 'f' in khiftu), the weak letter is deleted to avoid the meeting of two non-voweled sounds.
Yes, it is a Form I triliteral verb with a weak middle radical (Ajwaf).
Metaphorically, yes. For example, 'the markets fear inflation,' where 'markets' is the subject.
自分をテスト 180 問
Write a sentence: 'I am afraid of the dark.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence: 'Don't be afraid, I am with you.' (to a male)
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence: 'He feared for his life.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence: 'We feared the storm.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence: 'The girl fears the big dog.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence: 'Why did you fear the truth?' (to a male)
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence: 'They fear the future.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence: 'I used to fear swimming.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence: 'He fears that he will fail.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence: 'Do not fear failure.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence: 'My mother fears for me.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence: 'The cat fears the water.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence: 'We do not fear anything.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence: 'She feared the movie.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence: 'Fear of God is the beginning of wisdom.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence: 'They feared the consequences.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence: 'I fear the unknown.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence: 'Don't fear, my little girl.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence: 'The man was afraid of his shadow.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence: 'He didn't fear death.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Say in Arabic: 'I am afraid of spiders.'
Read this aloud:
あなたの回答：
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Say in Arabic: 'Don't fear, everything is okay.'
Read this aloud:
あなたの回答：
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Say in Arabic: 'I feared the exam would be hard.'
Read this aloud:
あなたの回答：
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Say in Arabic: 'She fears for her health.'
Read this aloud:
あなたの回答：
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Say in Arabic: 'We are not afraid of challenges.'
Read this aloud:
あなたの回答：
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Say in Arabic: 'What are you afraid of?' (to a male)
Read this aloud:
あなたの回答：
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Say in Arabic: 'He fears the future.'
Read this aloud:
あなたの回答：
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Say in Arabic: 'Don't fear for me, I am strong.'
Read this aloud:
あなたの回答：
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Say in Arabic: 'I fear that I am late.'
Read this aloud:
あなたの回答：
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Say in Arabic: 'Why were you afraid yesterday?'
Read this aloud:
あなたの回答：
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Say in Arabic: 'The children fear the dark.'
Read this aloud:
あなたの回答：
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Say in Arabic: 'I fear losing my keys.'
Read this aloud:
あなたの回答：
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Say in Arabic: 'Fear is not an option.'
Read this aloud:
あなたの回答：
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Say in Arabic: 'He fears his boss.'
Read this aloud:
あなたの回答：
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Say in Arabic: 'Do you fear heights?'
Read this aloud:
あなたの回答：
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Listen and write: 'خفت من صرخة أخي.'
Listen and write: 'لا تخف من الفشل.'
Listen and write: 'يخاف الناس من التغيير.'
Listen and write: 'خافت البنت من القطة.'
Listen and write: 'أخاف أن يفوتني الموعد.'
Listen and write: 'لماذا تخافون من الحقيقة؟'
Listen and write: 'خفنا من العاصفة القوية.'
Listen and write: 'خاف على نفسه من المرض.'
Listen and write: 'المؤمن يخاف ربه.'
Listen and write: 'لا تخافي، أنا معكِ.'
Listen and write: 'خافوا من العقاب الشديد.'
Listen and write: 'يخاف الطفل من الغرباء.'
Listen and write: 'هل تخاف من الطيران؟'
Listen and write: 'خفت من ضياع المحفظة.'
Listen and write: 'تخاف الشركة من الخسارة.'
/ 180 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
The verb 'khaafa' is the standard way to express fear in Arabic. Remember to use 'min' for the source of fear and 'ala' when you are worried about someone else. Conjugation note: the 'alif' disappears in the first and second person past tense (e.g., khiftu).
- A core Arabic verb meaning 'to fear' or 'be afraid of'.
- Uses the preposition 'min' for the object and 'ala' for concern.
- Follows the hollow verb conjugation pattern (khaafa vs. khiftu).
- Essential for expressing basic emotions and social anxieties.
The Kasra Rule
When the 'alif' drops in the past tense for 'khaafa', the first letter always takes a kasra (i). This helps distinguish it from other hollow verbs like 'qaala' which take a damma (qultu).
Min vs. Ala
Remember: 'Min' = Afraid OF. 'Ala' = Afraid FOR. This is one of the most common mistakes for learners.
Comforting Others
Use 'La takhaf' frequently in conversation to sound more empathetic and natural when someone is nervous.
Root Recognition
Look for the letters Kh-W-F. Any word with these three will relate to fear, scaring, or being afraid.
関連コンテンツ
emotionsの関連語
أعجب
A2気に入る、好む、魅力的だと思う。
عاطفي
A2感情的またはロマンチック。彼はとても感情的です。
اعتزاز
A2自分の功績や資質から得られる満足感と自尊心の感情。
عداء
B1二者間の敵意または敵対関係。
عجب
A2驚きや感嘆。賞賛の入り混じった驚きの感情。
عقل
A1精神、知性、理知。物事を考える能力。
عصبي
A2神経質、イライラしやすい、怒りっぽい。(彼は面接前に神経質になっている。彼女は疲れているとイライラしやすい。)
عصبية
A2神経質、またはイライラした状態。
عطف
A2思いやり、優しさ、または愛情の感情。
عذاب
A2「Adhab」という言葉は、激しい苦痛や苦悩を意味します。
