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مُعَانَاة

B1 noun #4,500 よく出る 11分で読める

مُعَانَاة

mu'ana 上位4,500

練習する例文メモとヒント مُعَانَاة 30秒で

解説 مُعَانَاة in your Level:

At the A1 level, you can think of مُعَانَاة (mu‘ānāh) as a very strong word for 'pain' or 'being very sad' because of a problem. Imagine you are very sick or you have no food; that big problem is مُعَانَاة. At this stage, you don't need to use it in complex sentences. Just remember that it means something much worse than just being 'tired' or 'sad'. It is for big problems that last a long time. You might hear it in simple stories about people who need help. For example, 'The boy has suffering' (Al-walad lahu mu'anah). Even though this is simple, it helps you understand that the word is about a difficult situation. You can connect it to the word 'alam' (pain) which you might already know. While 'alam' is what you feel when you hit your hand, مُعَانَاة is the whole situation of being in pain for many days. Focus on recognizing the word when you hear it in news or stories about people who are hungry or sick. It is a 'heavy' word, so we use it for 'heavy' problems. Don't worry about the grammar yet, just remember the feeling of the word: it's about a big, long struggle.

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At the A2 level, you can start using مُعَانَاة to describe physical or simple emotional hardships. You should know that it is a feminine noun. You can use it with simple adjectives like 'kabira' (big) or 'kathira' (much). For example, 'mu'anah kabira' (big suffering). You might use it to talk about people in the news or characters in a book who are having a very hard time. A common sentence structure for you would be 'There is suffering in [place]' (Hunaka mu'anah fi...). You can also start to use the verb form 'u'ani' (I suffer) with the preposition 'min' (from). For example, 'I suffer from the cold' (Ana u'ani min al-bard). This is a very useful way to express that something is bothering you a lot. Remember, مُعَانَاة is more serious than 'mushkila' (problem). A problem is something you solve; suffering is something you endure. By using this word, you show that you understand the difference between a small difficulty and a real hardship. Try to look for this word in short news clips or humanitarian ads. It will help you see how it is used to ask for help or to describe the lives of people in difficult parts of the world.

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At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using مُعَانَاة in both physical and abstract contexts. You understand that it is a Form III verbal noun from the root ʿ-n-y. You can now use it to describe societal issues like poverty, war, or the results of a natural disaster. You should be able to form sentences like 'The government is trying to reduce the suffering of the citizens' (Al-hukuma tuhawil takhfif mu'anat al-muwatinin). Notice how مُعَانَاة is used in an 'Idafa' construction here (mu'anat al-...). You should also be aware of common collocations like 'mu'anah nafsiyya' (psychological suffering) and 'mu'anah mustamirra' (continuous suffering). At this level, you can distinguish between 'mu'anah' and 'alam' (pain) or 'mashaqqa' (hardship). You know that 'mu'anah' is the lived experience of distress. In your writing, you can use it to add emotional depth. For example, instead of saying 'the war was bad,' you can say 'the war caused great suffering for the people.' This makes your Arabic sound more mature and empathetic. You should also be able to use the verb 'suffers' (yu'ani) correctly with various subjects, remembering that the verb must agree in gender and number, and it always takes the preposition 'min'.

At the B2 level, you can use مُعَانَاة to discuss complex social, political, and philosophical themes. You understand the nuance it brings to a text—how it evokes a sense of endurance and resilience. You can use it in more sophisticated grammatical structures, such as using it as a starting point for a complex sentence: 'Despite the suffering he faced, he never lost hope' (Raghma al-mu'anah allati wajahaha, lam yafqid al-amal). You are also familiar with its use in literature and high-level journalism. You can discuss the 'suffering of a generation' or 'existential suffering.' At this stage, you should be able to use synonyms like 'mihna' (ordeal) or 'shiddah' (adversity) to avoid repetition and to provide specific nuances. You understand that مُعَانَاة often implies a lack of agency—it is something that happens to people, which they must then navigate. You can also use it in the context of health and psychology to describe 'chronic suffering.' Your vocabulary should include verbs that commonly take مُعَانَاة as an object, such as 'yulammis' (to touch upon), 'yusallit al-daw' ala' (to shed light on), or 'yulattif' (to soothe/mitigate). This allows you to participate in debates or write essays about humanitarian issues with a high degree of precision and emotional intelligence.

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At the C1 level, you have a deep appreciation for the rhetorical and emotive power of مُعَانَاة. You can analyze its use in classical and modern poetry, where it often symbolizes the human condition or the struggle of the lover. You understand the subtle differences between مُعَانَاة and its near-synonyms like 'shajan' (deep sorrow) or 'lo'aa' (toil/hardship). You can use the word to construct powerful arguments in academic or professional settings, particularly in fields like sociology, international relations, or the humanities. You are capable of using it in complex metaphorical ways, such as 'the suffering of the truth' or 'the suffering of the creative process.' Your usage is marked by an understanding of the word's weight; you know when to use it for maximum impact and when to choose a more clinical term. You can also navigate the various derived forms of the root ʿ-n-y, understanding how 'mu'anah' relates to 'ma'na' (meaning) and 'inayah' (care), perhaps even playing on these connections in your writing. You are also sensitive to the cultural contexts in which this word is used, such as its role in the 'Literature of Commitment' (Adab al-Iltizam) in the Arab world, where describing the suffering of the masses was seen as the primary duty of the writer.

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At the C2 level, you master مُعَانَاة as a tool for profound expression and precise analysis. You can use it to articulate the most subtle aspects of human distress, moving effortlessly between literal and figurative meanings. You understand its historical evolution and its place in the lexicon of great Arab thinkers and poets. You can use the word in high-style prose (Saj' or balanced sentences) to create a specific rhythmic or emotional effect. You are also aware of how the word is used in international law and human rights documentation to define specific categories of harm. Your command of the word allows you to use it in a way that is both intellectually rigorous and deeply moving. You can explore the 'phenomenology of suffering' or the 'theodicy of suffering' in Arabic. You are also able to critique the use of the word in media, identifying when it is used for sensationalism versus when it is used for genuine advocacy. At this level, مُعَانَاة is not just a vocabulary word; it is a conceptual category that you can manipulate with the skill of a native intellectual. You can write entire treatises or deliver keynote speeches where the concept of مُعَانَاة serves as a central pillar, connecting individual experience to universal human truths.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

مُعَانَاة 30秒で

Mu'anah means deep suffering or hardship.
It is a feminine noun used for serious situations.
Commonly used with the preposition 'min' (from).
Essential for discussing humanitarian and medical topics.

The Arabic word مُعَانَاة (mu‘ānāh) is a profound noun that encapsulates the concept of suffering, hardship, and the prolonged endurance of pain or distress. Derived from the root ع-ن-ي (ʿ-n-y), specifically the third form (Form III) verbal noun, it suggests a state of dealing with something difficult over time. Unlike simple 'pain' (ألم), which can be momentary, مُعَانَاة implies a process or a lived experience of struggle. It is most frequently used to describe human conditions resulting from war, poverty, chronic illness, or deep emotional trauma. In a linguistic sense, the Form III pattern (mufa'alah) often indicates interaction or duration, suggesting that the person is 'engaging' with their hardship. This word is central to humanitarian discourse in the Middle East, appearing in news reports about displaced persons and economic crises. It is also a staple in literature and poetry to describe the internal struggles of the soul.

Semantic Range: Covers everything from the physical agony of a disease to the existential dread of a lost generation. It is not used for trivial inconveniences like a late bus.

إن مُعَانَاة هؤلاء الأطفال تفطر القلوب. (The suffering of these children breaks hearts.)

Morphological Context: The root 'ana' relates to meaning and concern. When shifted to Form III, it becomes 'to suffer' or 'to endure,' showing how one's concerns can become a weight one carries.

انتهت مُعَانَاة المريض بعد العملية الناجحة. (The patient's suffering ended after the successful surgery.)

Emotional Depth: It carries a heavy emotional weight, often used to evoke empathy or to describe a situation that requires urgent intervention.

لا يمكن وصف مُعَانَاة الأمهات في الحروب. (The suffering of mothers in wars cannot be described.)

تخفيف مُعَانَاة الآخرين هو هدفنا. (Relieving the suffering of others is our goal.)

عاش الكاتب حياة مليئة بالـ مُعَانَاة. (The writer lived a life full of suffering.)

When we look at the usage across different registers, we see that in formal Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), it is indispensable for political and social commentary. If you are reading a report by the UN or a news article about a famine, this word will appear repeatedly. It serves as a bridge between the physical reality of pain and the abstract concept of human endurance. Philosophically, it is used to discuss the meaning of life and the trials one must face to achieve greatness. In psychological settings, it refers to the state of being under mental duress. Understanding this word requires more than just knowing its English equivalent; it requires an appreciation of the gravity it holds in the Arabic-speaking world, where history and current events often involve significant collective struggle. By learning مُعَانَاة, you gain the ability to express deep empathy and to describe complex human conditions that simpler words like 'sadness' or 'pain' fail to capture. It is a word of weight, dignity, and profound reality.

Using مُعَانَاة correctly involves understanding its role as a verbal noun (Masdar). It is frequently paired with the preposition 'min' (من) to specify the source of the suffering. For example, 'al-mu'anah min al-faqir' (suffering from poverty). It can also stand alone as a subject or object. When used as a subject, it often takes verbs like 'tazdad' (increases) or 'tantahi' (ends). As an object, it is often something that people 'yuhawilun' (try) to 'takhfif' (alleviate) or 'inhah' (end).

Prepositional Usage: Always use 'min' (من) when describing what someone is suffering from. Example: 'المعاناة من الجوع' (Suffering from hunger).

تزداد مُعَانَاة الناس في فصل الشتاء. (The suffering of the people increases in the winter season.)

Collocation with Verbs: Common verbs: 'Anha' (to end), 'Khaffafa' (to alleviate), 'Wajaha' (to face), 'Sabbaba' (to cause).

يجب علينا إنهاء مُعَانَاة المشردين. (We must end the suffering of the homeless.)

كانت مُعَانَاة طويلة ومريرة. (It was a long and bitter suffering.)

Adjectival Modifiers: Often modified by 'mustamirra' (continuous), 'qasiya' (harsh), or 'nafsiyya' (psychological).

المعاناة النفسية قد تكون أصعب من الجسدية. (Psychological suffering may be harder than physical.)

لا أحد يعرف حجم الـ مُعَانَاة التي مر بها. (No one knows the amount of suffering he went through.)

رأيت مُعَانَاة حقيقية في مخيمات اللاجئين. (I saw real suffering in the refugee camps.)

When constructing sentences, remember that مُعَانَاة is a noun of state. It describes the condition someone is in. If you are describing a patient, you could say 'The patient's suffering (mu'anat al-marid) is unbearable.' If you are talking about a historical event, you might say 'The suffering of the people under colonialism was immense.' The word is versatile enough to be used in the singular for a collective experience. While the plural 'mu'anayat' exists, it is rarely used because 'mu'anah' itself functions as an abstract noun that encompasses all instances of the pain being discussed. In writing, it adds a layer of seriousness and formality. If you use it in an informal setting, it usually implies you are discussing a very serious personal problem. For learners, mastering the 'min' construction is the most important step. For example, 'I suffer from the heat' is 'U'ani min al-harr,' and the noun form would be 'My suffering from the heat' (Mu'anati min al-harr). This pattern is consistent across all types of hardships, whether environmental, physical, or emotional. By using this word, you elevate your Arabic from basic descriptions of feeling 'bad' to sophisticated descriptions of the human condition.

You will hear مُعَانَاة in several distinct environments. The most common is the news. Arabic news channels like Al Jazeera or Al Arabiya use this word daily to report on humanitarian crises. Whether it's the 'suffering of the Palestinian people' or the 'suffering of civilians in conflict zones,' the word is a cornerstone of journalistic reporting. It provides the necessary gravitas to the stories of those affected by tragedy. Another common place is in medical settings. Doctors and health advocates use it to discuss the long-term struggle of patients with chronic diseases like cancer or diabetes. In this context, it emphasizes the patience and endurance required by the patient.

News Media: Constant usage in reports regarding refugees, war, and economic instability. It is the standard term for humanitarian distress.

تحدث التقرير عن مُعَانَاة الأسر الفقيرة. (The report talked about the suffering of poor families.)

Literature and Art: Arab novelists and poets use the word to explore the internal world of characters. It often represents the struggle against fate or society.

الرواية تصور مُعَانَاة المهاجرين في بلاد الغربة. (The novel depicts the suffering of immigrants in foreign lands.)

هناك مُعَانَاة صامتة في الكثير من البيوت. (There is silent suffering in many homes.)

Religious and Moral Sermons: Religious leaders often use the word to discuss the virtues of patience (Sabr) in the face of suffering.

الصبر على الـ مُعَانَاة له أجر عظيم. (Patience through suffering has a great reward.)

وصفت الناجية مُعَانَاة عائلتها خلال الزلزال. (The survivor described her family's suffering during the earthquake.)

تخفيف مُعَانَاة المرضى هو واجب إنساني. (Relieving the suffering of patients is a human duty.)

Beyond these formal settings, مُعَانَاة is used in academic discussions regarding sociology and psychology. It is the term used to describe 'social suffering'—the collective trauma experienced by a community. In educational settings, you might hear about the 'suffering of students' during difficult exam periods, though this is often slightly hyperbolic. However, the core of the word remains serious. If you are watching an Arabic film, especially a drama, the protagonist's 'mu'anah' is often the central theme of the plot. It is the catalyst for character development. In the corporate world, it might be used more loosely to describe the 'struggles' of a company in a competitive market, but this is less common than its humanistic applications. Essentially, whenever there is a story of endurance against the odds, مُعَانَاة is the word that brings that story to life. Listening for it will help you identify the emotional peak of a narrative or the most critical point of a news story. It is a word that demands attention and empathy from the listener.

One of the most common mistakes learners make is using مُعَانَاة for minor problems. For instance, if you have a slight headache or you are just tired from a long walk, using this word is an exaggeration. In those cases, 'ta'ab' (tiredness) or 'alam' (pain) is more appropriate. مُعَانَاة is reserved for significant, often prolonged distress. Another mistake is grammatical: forgetting that it is a feminine noun. Learners often use masculine adjectives with it, which is incorrect. You must say 'mu'anah qasiya' (harsh suffering) with the 'ta marbuta' ending on the adjective.

Overuse/Hyperbole: Mistake: Saying 'I had a suffering' because the coffee was cold. Correct: Use 'inzi'aj' (annoyance) or 'mushkila basita' (simple problem).

خطأ: كانت مُعَانَاة كبير. (Wrong: It was a big suffering - masculine adjective). صح: كانت مُعَانَاة كبيرة. (Correct: feminine adjective).

Confusion with 'Alam': Mistake: Using 'mu'anah' for a physical cut or bruise. Correct: Use 'alam' (pain). 'Mu'anah' is the state of living with that pain.

أشعر بـ ألم في يدي. (I feel pain in my hand - correct for immediate physical sensation.)

يعاني الشعب مِن الفقر. (The people suffer FROM poverty - don't omit 'min'.)

Word Choice: Struggle vs Suffering: In a political context, 'kifah' (struggle/combat) is active, while 'mu'anah' is often passive endurance. Don't confuse the two.

خاض الشعب كفاحاً طويلاً. (The people fought a long struggle - active.)

المعاناة تُقوي الشخصية أحياناً. (Suffering sometimes strengthens the character.)

إنها مُعَانَاة لا تنتهي. (It is an endless suffering.)

Furthermore, avoid using the plural 'mu'anayat' unless you are specifically referring to diverse types of suffering in a very technical or poetic sense. In 99% of cases, the singular 'mu'anah' is sufficient and sounds more natural. Another nuance is the difference between 'mu'anah' and 'mashaqqa' (hardship). While they are similar, 'mashaqqa' often refers to the difficulty of a task (like climbing a mountain), whereas 'mu'anah' refers to the pain experienced during or as a result of that task. Finally, be careful not to confuse 'mu'anah' with 'inayah' (care/attention), which comes from the same root but has a completely different meaning. This is a common root-confusion for beginners. By paying attention to these distinctions, you will use the word with the precision of a native speaker and avoid the awkwardness of misapplied emotional weight.

Arabic is a language rich in synonyms, and while مُعَانَاة is a primary word for suffering, there are several alternatives depending on the nuance you want to convey. For physical pain, 'alam' (ألم) is the standard. For extreme, crushing hardship, 'shiddah' (شدة) or 'balaa' (بلاء) are used, the latter often having a religious connotation of a 'test' from God. 'Mashaqqa' (مشقة) is best for the physical labor or difficulty of a journey or task. 'Asaa' (أسى) and 'huzn' (حزن) are used for sorrow and grief, focusing more on the emotional state than the external hardship.

Comparison: Mu'anah vs. Alam: 'Alam' is the sensation of pain. 'Mu'anah' is the state of living with it. You feel 'alam', but you live in 'mu'anah'.

كان الألم شديداً، لكن المعاناة كانت أطول. (The pain was intense, but the suffering was longer.)

Comparison: Mu'anah vs. Mashaqqa: 'Mashaqqa' is the difficulty of a task. 'Mu'anah' is the emotional or physical distress resulting from it.

سفر طويل فيه الكثير من المشقة. (A long journey with a lot of hardship/effort.)

الصبر عند البلاء من صفات المؤمنين. (Patience during tribulation is a quality of believers.)

Comparison: Mu'anah vs. Shiddah: 'Shiddah' refers to the intensity of the situation (e.g., a severe crisis), while 'mu'anah' refers to the experience of those in it.

مرت البلاد بـ شدة اقتصادية. (The country went through an economic severity/crisis.)

يعيش في بؤس ومعاناة. (He lives in misery and suffering.)

تجاوزنا المحن بفضل الوحدة. (We overcame the tribulations through unity.)

When choosing between these words, consider the source and the duration. If the suffering is due to an external trial, 'balaa' or 'mihna' might be better. If it's the sheer difficulty of life, 'mu'anah' is perfect. If it's a fleeting physical sensation, stick with 'alam'. In formal writing, using a variety of these terms (like 'mu'anah wa mashaqqa') can add emphasis and rhythm to your prose. Native speakers often pair 'mu'anah' with 'bu's' (misery) to describe the lowest points of human existence. Understanding these synonyms allows you to fine-tune your emotional expression in Arabic, ensuring that you don't just say someone is 'suffering,' but you describe exactly what kind of burden they are carrying. This depth is what makes Arabic a truly expressive language for the human heart.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The same root gives us the word 'ma'na' (meaning). Philosophically, this suggests a link between the suffering we endure and the meaning we find in life.

発音ガイド

UK /mu.ʕaː.naːh/

US /mu.ʕɑː.nɑːh/

The stress is primarily on the second syllable 'aa' (mu-AA-nah).

韻が合う語

مُهَانَاة (muhanah - being insulted) مُدَانَاة (mudanah - approaching) مُجَانَاة (mujanah - picking fruit) مُصَانَاة (musanah - rare) مُبَانَاة (mubanah - clarifying) مُوَانَاة (muwanah - slowing down) مُدَارَاة (mudarah - placating) مُبَارَاة (mubarah - match/game)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing the 'ayn' as a simple 'a' sound.
Shortening the long 'aa' vowels.
Confusing the word with 'mu'ayana' (inspection).
Missing the final 'h' sound in formal settings.
Stress on the first syllable.

難易度

読解 3/5

Easy to recognize in texts but needs context to understand the depth.

ライティング 4/5

Requires correct gender agreement and preposition usage.

スピーキング 4/5

Pronouncing the 'ayn' and long vowels correctly is key.

リスニング 3/5

Common in news and documentaries; easy to pick out.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

ألم صعب مشكلة مريض حرب

次に学ぶ

مأساة كفاح صمود تضحية إغاثة

上級

تراجيديا سيكولوجيا وجودية هيكلية تهميش

知っておくべき文法

Form III Masdar

عالج -> معالجة، عانى -> معاناة

Idafa Construction

معاناةُ الشعبِ (The suffering of the people)

Preposition 'Min'

يعاني من الصداع (He suffers from a headache)

Feminine Agreement

معاناة شديدة (Severe suffering)

Verbal Noun as Subject

المعاناةُ تؤلمُ (Suffering hurts)

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レベル別の例文

الولد عنده معاناة.

The boy has suffering.

Simple sentence with ' عنده' (he has).

هناك معاناة كبيرة هنا.

There is big suffering here.

Use of 'هناك' (there is) and feminine adjective 'كبيرة'.

أنا أفهم المعاناة.

I understand the suffering.

Verb 'أفهم' (I understand) + definite noun.

المعاناة صعبة.

Suffering is hard.

Subject-predicate sentence with feminine adjective 'صعبة'.

لا أحب المعاناة.

I do not like suffering.

Negation with 'لا' + verb 'أحب'.

هذه معاناة قديمة.

This is an old suffering.

Demonstrative 'هذه' (this - feminine).

المعاناة من الجوع.

Suffering from hunger.

Preposition 'من' (from) used with the noun.

نحن نرى المعاناة.

We see the suffering.

Plural verb 'نرى' (we see).

يعاني المريض من ألم شديد.

The patient suffers from severe pain.

Verb 'يعاني' + 'من'.

المعاناة في الحرب قاسية جداً.

Suffering in war is very harsh.

Feminine adjective 'قاسية' (harsh).

هل رأيت معاناة الفقراء؟

Did you see the suffering of the poor?

Question form with 'هل'.

تخفيف المعاناة أمر مهم.

Alleviating suffering is an important matter.

Masdar 'تخفيف' (alleviating) in Idafa.

كانت المعاناة طويلة جداً.

The suffering was very long.

Past tense 'كانت' (was - feminine).

لا نريد المزيد من المعاناة.

We do not want more suffering.

Noun 'المزيد' (the more/more) followed by 'من'.

هذه المعاناة ستنتهي قريباً.

This suffering will end soon.

Future tense with 'سـ'.

المعاناة جزء من الحياة.

Suffering is part of life.

Abstract noun as subject.

تزداد معاناة اللاجئين في فصل الشتاء.

The suffering of refugees increases in the winter.

Verb 'تزداد' (increases - feminine) agreeing with 'معاناة'.

يجب أن نسلط الضوء على معاناة الأطفال.

We must shed light on the suffering of children.

Idiomatic phrase 'نسلط الضوء على'.

المعاناة النفسية لا تقل أهمية عن الجسدية.

Psychological suffering is no less important than physical.

Comparative structure 'لا تقل... عن'.

مرت العائلة بفترة من المعاناة الشديدة.

The family went through a period of intense suffering.

Preposition 'بـ' after verb 'مرت'.

كيف يمكننا إنهاء هذه المعاناة؟

How can we end this suffering?

Modal 'يمكننا' (we can).

قصص المعاناة تلهمنا لنكون أفضل.

Stories of suffering inspire us to be better.

Plural noun 'قصص' in Idafa.

يعاني الكثير من الناس من نقص المياه.

Many people suffer from water shortage.

Verb 'يعاني' with plural subject 'الكثير من الناس'.

المعاناة تجعل الإنسان أقوى أحياناً.

Suffering sometimes makes a person stronger.

Verb 'تجعل' (makes) taking two objects.

جسدت الرواية معاناة الشعب تحت الاستعمار.

The novel embodied the suffering of the people under colonialism.

Verb 'جسدت' (embodied/personified).

تتطلب مواجهة المعاناة شجاعة كبيرة.

Facing suffering requires great courage.

Masdar 'مواجهة' (facing) as subject.

هناك تفاوت في حجم المعاناة بين الطبقات.

There is a disparity in the scale of suffering between classes.

Noun 'تفاوت' (disparity/gap).

المعاناة الصامتة هي الأصعب دائماً.

Silent suffering is always the hardest.

Superlative 'الأصعب' (the hardest).

يؤدي الحصار إلى معاناة إنسانية واسعة.

The siege leads to widespread human suffering.

Verb 'يؤدي إلى' (leads to).

يجب التفريق بين الألم العابر والمعاناة المزمنة.

A distinction must be made between fleeting pain and chronic suffering.

Masdar 'التفريق' (distinguishing).

تحدث الفيلسوف عن المعاناة كجزء من الوجود.

The philosopher spoke about suffering as part of existence.

Prepositional phrase 'كجزء من' (as a part of).

ساهمت المنظمات في الحد من معاناة الجرحى.

Organizations contributed to limiting the suffering of the wounded.

Phrase 'الحد من' (limiting/reducing).

تنبثق المعاناة أحياناً من عمق الوعي بالواقع.

Suffering sometimes emerges from the depth of awareness of reality.

Verb 'تنبثق' (to emerge/spring forth).

لا يمكن اختزال معاناة هذا الجيل في كلمات بسيطة.

The suffering of this generation cannot be reduced to simple words.

Passive-like structure 'لا يمكن اختزال' (cannot be reduced).

تظل المعاناة تيمة أساسية في الأدب الملتزم.

Suffering remains a fundamental theme in committed literature.

Noun 'تيمة' (theme) - loan word used in literary criticism.

تعكس ملامحه سنوات من المعاناة والكفاح.

His features reflect years of suffering and struggle.

Verb 'تعكس' (reflects).

المعاناة هي البوتقة التي تصهر المعادن النفسية.

Suffering is the crucible that melts psychological metals.

Metaphorical use of 'البوتقة' (crucible).

يجب أن نرتقي فوق معاناتنا الشخصية لنخدم المجتمع.

We must rise above our personal suffering to serve society.

Verb 'نرتقي' (to rise/ascend).

استطاع الفنان أن يحول معاناته إلى لوحات خالدة.

The artist was able to transform his suffering into immortal paintings.

Verb 'يحول... إلى' (to transform... into).

تتداخل المعاناة الفردية مع المأساة الجماعية في هذا النص.

Individual suffering overlaps with collective tragedy in this text.

Verb 'تتداخل' (to overlap/intertwine).

تتجلى المعاناة الوجودية في الشعور بالاغتراب والضياع.

Existential suffering manifests in the feeling of alienation and loss.

Verb 'تتجلى' (to manifest/be revealed).

إن سوسيولوجيا المعاناة تبحث في الجذور الهيكلية للألم الاجتماعي.

The sociology of suffering examines the structural roots of social pain.

Technical term 'سوسيولوجيا' (sociology).

تتجاوز المعاناة في هذا السياق مجرد الشعور الفيزيولوجي.

Suffering in this context transcends mere physiological sensation.

Verb 'تتجاوز' (to transcend/surpass).

هل يمكن تبرير المعاناة من منظور ميتافيزيقي؟

Can suffering be justified from a metaphysical perspective?

Passive 'تبرير' (justification).

تعد المعاناة محركاً أساسياً للتغيير التاريخي والاجتماعي.

Suffering is considered a fundamental driver of historical and social change.

Verb 'تعد' (is considered).

تتطلب مقاربة المعاناة الإنسانية فكراً نقدياً وأخلاقياً عميقاً.

Approaching human suffering requires deep critical and ethical thought.

Masdar 'مقاربة' (approach).

تنسج الرواية خيوط المعاناة في نسيج ملحمي معقد.

The novel weaves the threads of suffering into a complex epic fabric.

Metaphorical verb 'تنسج' (weaves).

تظل المعاناة لغزاً يحير العقل البشري منذ الأزل.

Suffering remains a mystery that has baffled the human mind since eternity.

Phrase 'منذ الأزل' (since eternity/ancient times).

類義語

ألم مشقة عذاب بؤس

反対語

راحة سعادة نعيم

よく使う組み合わせ

معاناة مستمرة

معاناة شديدة

معاناة نفسية

تخفيف المعاناة

إنهاء المعاناة

حجم المعاناة

معاناة صامتة

معاناة إنسانية

قصة معاناة

مصدر المعاناة

よく使うフレーズ

وضع حد للمعانة

— To put an end to the suffering.

يجب وضع حد لمعاناة المشردين.

بسبب المعاناة

— Because of the suffering.

ترك البيت بسبب المعاناة.

رغم المعاناة

— Despite the suffering.

رغم المعاناة، استمر في العمل.

تاريخ من المعاناة

— A history of suffering.

للشعب تاريخ طويل من المعاناة.

جزء من المعاناة

— Part of the suffering.

هذا مجرد جزء بسيط من المعاناة.

نهاية المعاناة

— The end of suffering.

ننتظر نهاية هذه المعاناة.

تجاهل المعاناة

— Ignoring the suffering.

لا يمكننا تجاهل معاناة الآخرين.

وصف المعاناة

— Describing the suffering.

عجز الشاعر عن وصف المعاناة.

منبع المعاناة

— The source/spring of suffering.

الجهل هو منبع المعاناة.

شاهد على المعاناة

— A witness to the suffering.

هذا المكان شاهد على معاناة البشر.

よく混同される語

مُعَانَاة vs عناية

Means 'care' or 'attention'. Same root, different meaning.

مُعَانَاة vs معاينة

Means 'inspection' or 'examination'. Sounds similar but unrelated.

مُعَانَاة vs إعانة

Means 'aid' or 'subsidy'. It's the solution to 'mu'anah', not the problem.

慣用句と表現

"ذاق مرارة المعاناة"

— Literally 'to taste the bitterness of suffering'. Used to mean experiencing hardship firsthand.

لقد ذاق مرارة المعاناة في طفولته.

Literary

"في قلب المعاناة"

— In the heart of suffering; being in the middle of a very difficult situation.

هم يعيشون في قلب المعاناة اليومية.

Journalistic

"سلسلة من المعاناة"

— A series of suffering; a sequence of unfortunate events.

حياته كانت سلسلة من المعاناة المتلاحقة.

Neutral

"بحر من المعاناة"

— A sea of suffering; immense and overwhelming hardship.

غرق الشعب في بحر من المعاناة.

Poetic

"خلف ستار المعاناة"

— Behind the curtain of suffering; hidden hardships.

هناك أسرار كثيرة خلف ستار المعاناة.

Literary

"طريق المعاناة"

— The path of suffering; a difficult journey or life course.

اختار طريق المعاناة من أجل مبادئه.

Neutral

"جرح المعاناة"

— The wound of suffering; the lasting impact of hardship.

لم يندمل جرح المعاناة بعد.

Poetic

"صوت المعاناة"

— The voice of suffering; the expression of those who are hurting.

يجب أن نسمع صوت المعاناة في كل مكان.

Journalistic

"نار المعاناة"

— The fire of suffering; the intense pain of hardship.

احترق بنار المعاناة لسنوات.

Literary

"قيد المعاناة"

— The shackle of suffering; being trapped by hardship.

تحرر أخيراً من قيد المعاناة.

Poetic

間違えやすい

مُعَانَاة vs ألم

Both relate to pain.

'Alam' is the sensation; 'Mu'anah' is the state of enduring it over time.

الألم في ظهري يسبب لي معاناة يومية.

مُعَانَاة vs مشقة

Both mean hardship.

'Mashaqqa' is about the effort/difficulty of a task; 'Mu'anah' is about the distress/pain.

مشقة الطريق أدت إلى معاناة المسافرين.

مُعَانَاة vs تعب

Both imply difficulty.

'Ta'ab' is simple tiredness; 'Mu'anah' is deep suffering.

أشعر بالتعب بعد العمل، لكن هؤلاء يعيشون معاناة حقيقية.

مُعَانَاة vs حزن

Both are negative emotions.

'Huzn' is sadness/grief; 'Mu'anah' is the broader state of hardship which may include sadness.

الحزن على موته زاد من معاناة العائلة.

مُعَانَاة vs ضيق

Both mean distress.

'Diq' is often a temporary feeling of being cramped or distressed; 'Mu'anah' is more substantial.

شعر بضيق في التنفس، وهي معاناة مستمرة معه.

文型パターン

الـ [اسم] عنده معاناة.

الرجل عنده معاناة.

يعاني الـ [اسم] من الـ [اسم].

يعاني الطفل من الجوع.

تزداد معاناة الـ [اسم] في [وقت/مكان].

تزداد معاناة الناس في الحرب.

يجب [فعل] معاناة الـ [اسم].

يجب تخفيف معاناة الفقراء.

تعد المعاناة [اسم] لـ [اسم].

تعد المعاناة اختباراً للصبر.

تتجلى المعاناة في [اسم/جملة].

تتجلى المعاناة في نظرات العيون.

رغم المعاناة، الـ [اسم] [فعل].

رغم المعاناة، الطالب يدرس.

تسبب الـ [اسم] في معاناة [صفة].

تسببت الأزمة في معاناة كبيرة.

語族

名詞

عناء (effort/trouble)

معنى (meaning)

عناية (care)

動詞

عانى (to suffer)

عنى (to mean/concern)

形容詞

معنوي (moral/spiritual)

معنيّ (concerned)

使い方

frequency

Highly frequent in formal speech, news, and literature.

よくある間違い

Using masculine adjectives. → معاناة شديدة
The word is feminine due to the 'ta marbuta'.
Omitting 'min' after the verb. → أعاني من المرض
The verb 'aana' requires the preposition 'min'.
Using it for trivial things. → عندي مشكلة في الهاتف
'Mu'anah' is for deep suffering, not minor technical issues.
Confusing it with 'inayah' (care). → معاناة (suffering) vs عناية (care)
They share a root but the patterns change the meaning entirely.
Pronouncing 'ayn' as 'alif'. → مُعَانَاة (with 'ayn')
A poor pronunciation can lead to misunderstanding or sounding non-native.

ヒント

Root Recognition

Recognizing the root ʿ-n-y helps you connect 'mu'anah' to 'ma'na' (meaning). Think of suffering as something that 'occupies' your meaning.

Gender Matters

Always treat 'mu'anah' as feminine. This affects your adjectives (e.g., 'mu'anah shadida') and verbs.

News Anchor Style

Listen to how news anchors say 'mu'anat al-sha'b'. It’s a great way to practice the prosody and weight of the word.

Don't Overuse

Save this word for real hardships. Using it for a broken phone makes you sound overly dramatic.

Mix it Up

In long essays, alternate between 'mu'anah', 'mashaqqa', and 'mihna' to keep your writing engaging.

The Ayn

Practice the 'ayn' in the middle. It should come from the throat, not the mouth. It's 'mu-AA-nah'.

Idafa Power

Use 'mu'anah' in Idafa constructions like 'mu'anat al-fuqara' (suffering of the poor) for a natural sound.

Humanitarian Ads

Watch ads for charities like the Red Crescent. They use this word frequently to describe their mission.

Mental Health

In modern Arabic, 'mu'anah nafsiyya' is the standard way to say 'mental suffering' or 'psychological distress'.

Sabr and Mu'anah

Understand that in Arab culture, 'mu'anah' is often discussed alongside 'Sabr' (patience). They are two sides of the same coin.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'Mu-Anna'. Anna is 'suffering' because she has a 'Mu' (moo) cow sitting on her. Mu-Anna-h.

視覚的連想

Imagine a person carrying a heavy, dark cloud over their head. The cloud is labeled 'Mu'anah'.

Word Web

Sorrow Pain Poverty War Endurance Patience Agony Hardship

チャレンジ

Try to use 'mu'anah' in a sentence about a historical event you know.

語源

Derived from the Arabic root ع-ن-ي (ʿ-n-y), which primarily relates to meaning, concern, and intention. In Form III (mu'anah), the meaning shifts towards the endurance of something that 'concerns' or 'occupies' one in a painful way.

元の意味： To be occupied with or to endure something difficult.

Semitic (Arabic).

文化的な背景

Use with respect. It is a heavy word that describes real pain. Avoid using it for trivial complaints.

English speakers might use 'suffering' or 'hardship'. 'Mu'anah' is often more formal than 'suffering' in English.

Mahmoud Darwish's poetry often touches on the suffering of exile. Gassan Kanafani's 'Men in the Sun' depicts the suffering of Palestinian refugees. The phrase 'Mu'anat al-Sha'b' (The suffering of the people) is a staple in political speeches.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Humanitarian Crisis

مساعدات إنسانية
تخفيف المعاناة
مناطق النزاع
النازحين

Medical/Health

مرض مزمن
علاج الألم
حالة المريض
الشفاء

Personal Struggle

فترة صعبة
صبر وعزيمة
تجاوز المحنة
قصة نجاح

Literature/Art

تجسيد المعاناة
تيمة العمل
البعد الإنساني
رسالة الكاتب

Politics/Social Issues

العدالة الاجتماعية
حقوق الإنسان
الفقر والبطالة
التغيير

会話のきっかけ

"كيف يمكن للمجتمع أن يقلل من معاناة الفقراء؟"

"هل تعتقد أن المعاناة تجعل الإنسان أقوى؟"

"ما هي أكبر معاناة واجهتها في حياتك وكيف تجاوزتها؟"

"كيف يصور الأدب في بلدك معاناة الناس؟"

"ما هو دور التكنولوجيا في تخفيف معاناة المرضى؟"

日記のテーマ

اكتب عن وقت شعرت فيه بالمعاناة وكيف أثر ذلك على شخصيتك.

صف معاناة شخص تراه في مدينتك وكيف تتمنى مساعدته.

هل المعاناة ضرورية للإبداع الفني؟ ناقش وجهة نظرك.

تخيل عالماً بلا معاناة. كيف سيكون شكل الحياة فيه؟

اكتب رسالة لشخص يمر بمعاناة حالياً لتعطيه الأمل.

よくある質問

10 問

No, it is widely used for emotional, psychological, and social distress as well. In fact, it's very common in political and humanitarian contexts.

It's better not to. It sounds hyperbolic. Use 'mushkila' or 'ta'ab' for minor issues. 'Mu'anah' carries significant weight.

The verb is 'aana' (عانى). It is a Form III verb. You say 'u'ani' for 'I suffer'.

Yes, 'mu'anayat' (معانيات), but it is rarely used. The singular 'mu'anah' is usually treated as an abstract uncountable noun.

Always use 'min' (من). For example: 'u'ani min al-alam' (I suffer from pain).

It is primarily formal and literary, but it is used in neutral daily speech when discussing serious problems.

Yes, you can describe the 'mu'anah' of animals in a drought or due to abuse.

'Alam' is the physical or immediate sensation of pain. 'Mu'anah' is the prolonged state of being in distress.

You say 'takhfif al-mu'anah' (تخفيف المعاناة).

In formal Modern Standard Arabic (at the end of a sentence or in isolation), it is a light 'h'. In 'Idafa', it becomes a 't' sound (mu'anat...).

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